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Suryadevara V, Hudgins AD, Rajesh A, Pappalardo A, Karpova A, Dey AK, Hertzel A, Agudelo A, Rocha A, Soygur B, Schilling B, Carver CM, Aguayo-Mazzucato C, Baker DJ, Bernlohr DA, Jurk D, Mangarova DB, Quardokus EM, Enninga EAL, Schmidt EL, Chen F, Duncan FE, Cambuli F, Kaur G, Kuchel GA, Lee G, Daldrup-Link HE, Martini H, Phatnani H, Al-Naggar IM, Rahman I, Nie J, Passos JF, Silverstein JC, Campisi J, Wang J, Iwasaki K, Barbosa K, Metis K, Nernekli K, Niedernhofer LJ, Ding L, Wang L, Adams LC, Ruiyang L, Doolittle ML, Teneche MG, Schafer MJ, Xu M, Hajipour M, Boroumand M, Basisty N, Sloan N, Slavov N, Kuksenko O, Robson P, Gomez PT, Vasilikos P, Adams PD, Carapeto P, Zhu Q, Ramasamy R, Perez-Lorenzo R, Fan R, Dong R, Montgomery RR, Shaikh S, Vickovic S, Yin S, Kang S, Suvakov S, Khosla S, Garovic VD, Menon V, Xu Y, Song Y, Suh Y, Dou Z, Neretti N. SenNet recommendations for detecting senescent cells in different tissues. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2024:10.1038/s41580-024-00738-8. [PMID: 38831121 DOI: 10.1038/s41580-024-00738-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
Once considered a tissue culture-specific phenomenon, cellular senescence has now been linked to various biological processes with both beneficial and detrimental roles in humans, rodents and other species. Much of our understanding of senescent cell biology still originates from tissue culture studies, where each cell in the culture is driven to an irreversible cell cycle arrest. By contrast, in tissues, these cells are relatively rare and difficult to characterize, and it is now established that fully differentiated, postmitotic cells can also acquire a senescence phenotype. The SenNet Biomarkers Working Group was formed to provide recommendations for the use of cellular senescence markers to identify and characterize senescent cells in tissues. Here, we provide recommendations for detecting senescent cells in different tissues based on a comprehensive analysis of existing literature reporting senescence markers in 14 tissues in mice and humans. We discuss some of the recent advances in detecting and characterizing cellular senescence, including molecular senescence signatures and morphological features, and the use of circulating markers. We aim for this work to be a valuable resource for both seasoned investigators in senescence-related studies and newcomers to the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vidyani Suryadevara
- Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Stanford University, School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Adam D Hudgins
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Adarsh Rajesh
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, Cancer Genome and Epigenetics Program, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | | | - Alla Karpova
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Amit K Dey
- National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ann Hertzel
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Institute on the Biology of Aging and Metabolism, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Anthony Agudelo
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology, and Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
- Center on the Biology of Aging, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Azucena Rocha
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology, and Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
- Center on the Biology of Aging, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Bikem Soygur
- The Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA, USA
| | | | - Chase M Carver
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Cristina Aguayo-Mazzucato
- Islet Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Darren J Baker
- Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Rochester, MN, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - David A Bernlohr
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Institute on the Biology of Aging and Metabolism, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Diana Jurk
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Rochester, MN, USA
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Dilyana B Mangarova
- Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Stanford University, School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Ellen M Quardokus
- Department of Intelligent Systems Engineering, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | | | - Elizabeth L Schmidt
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Institute on the Biology of Aging and Metabolism, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Feng Chen
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Francesca E Duncan
- The Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - Gagandeep Kaur
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - George A Kuchel
- UConn Center on Aging, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, USA
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Gung Lee
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Heike E Daldrup-Link
- Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Stanford University, School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Helene Martini
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Hemali Phatnani
- New York Genome Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Iman M Al-Naggar
- UConn Center on Aging, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Irfan Rahman
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Jia Nie
- Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - João F Passos
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Jonathan C Silverstein
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Judith Campisi
- The Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA, USA
| | - Julia Wang
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Kanako Iwasaki
- Islet Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Karina Barbosa
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, Cancer Genome and Epigenetics Program, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Kay Metis
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Kerem Nernekli
- Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Stanford University, School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Laura J Niedernhofer
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Institute on the Biology of Aging and Metabolism, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Li Ding
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Lichao Wang
- UConn Center on Aging, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, USA
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Lisa C Adams
- Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Stanford University, School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Liu Ruiyang
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Madison L Doolittle
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Rochester, MN, USA
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Marcos G Teneche
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, Cancer Genome and Epigenetics Program, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Marissa J Schafer
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Rochester, MN, USA
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Ming Xu
- UConn Center on Aging, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, USA
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Mohammadjavad Hajipour
- Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Stanford University, School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Nicholas Sloan
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Nikolai Slavov
- Center on the Biology of Aging, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
- Barnett Institute for Chemical and Biological Analysis, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Olena Kuksenko
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Paul Robson
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA
- Institute for Systems Genomics, University of Connecticut, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Paul T Gomez
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Periklis Vasilikos
- Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Peter D Adams
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, Cancer Genome and Epigenetics Program, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Priscila Carapeto
- Islet Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Quan Zhu
- Center for Epigenomics, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Rong Fan
- Yale-Center for Research on Aging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Runze Dong
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Graduate Program in Biological Physics, Structure and Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Ruth R Montgomery
- Yale-Center for Research on Aging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Sadiya Shaikh
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Sanja Vickovic
- New York Genome Center, New York, NY, USA
- Herbert Irving Institute for Cancer Dynamics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Beijer Laboratory for Gene and Neuro Research, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Shanshan Yin
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, Cancer Genome and Epigenetics Program, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Shoukai Kang
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Sonja Suvakov
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Sundeep Khosla
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Rochester, MN, USA
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Vesna D Garovic
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Vilas Menon
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- Center for Translational and Computational Neuroimmunology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yanxin Xu
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yizhe Song
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Yousin Suh
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Zhixun Dou
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nicola Neretti
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology, and Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.
- Center on the Biology of Aging, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.
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Chen Q, Wu M, Tang Q, Yan P, Zhu L. Age-Related Alterations in Immune Function and Inflammation: Focus on Ischemic Stroke. Aging Dis 2024; 15:1046-1074. [PMID: 37728582 PMCID: PMC11081165 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2023.0721-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The aging of the global population poses significant scientific challenges. Moreover, the biological process of aging is the most significant risk factor for most chronic illnesses; therefore, understanding the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying these aging-related challenges is crucial for extending the healthy lifespan of older individuals. Preventing brain aging remains a priority public health goal, and integrative and comprehensive aging analyses have revealed that immunosenescence is a potential cause of age-related brain damage and disease (e.g., stroke). Importantly, the neuroinflammatory and immune systems present two-way contact and thus can affect each other. Emerging evidence supports the numerous effects of immunosenescence- and inflammation-mediated immunity in neurologically injured brains. In this study, we briefly outline how aging alters the pathophysiology and transcriptional amplitude in patients who experienced stroke and then discuss how the immune system and its cellular components and molecular mechanisms are affected by age after stroke. Finally, we highlight emerging interventions with the potential to slow down or reduce aging and prevent stroke onset.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuxin Chen
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150000, China
| | - Minmin Wu
- Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150000, China
| | - Qiang Tang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150000, China
| | - Peiyu Yan
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau 999078, China
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau 999078, China
| | - Luwen Zhu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150000, China
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Roth-Walter F, Adcock IM, Benito-Villalvilla C, Bianchini R, Bjermer L, Caramori G, Cari L, Chung KF, Diamant Z, Eguiluz-Gracia I, Knol EF, Jesenak M, Levi-Schaffer F, Nocentini G, O'Mahony L, Palomares O, Redegeld F, Sokolowska M, Van Esch BCAM, Stellato C. Metabolic pathways in immune senescence and inflammaging: Novel therapeutic strategy for chronic inflammatory lung diseases. An EAACI position paper from the Task Force for Immunopharmacology. Allergy 2024; 79:1089-1122. [PMID: 38108546 DOI: 10.1111/all.15977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
The accumulation of senescent cells drives inflammaging and increases morbidity of chronic inflammatory lung diseases. Immune responses are built upon dynamic changes in cell metabolism that supply energy and substrates for cell proliferation, differentiation, and activation. Metabolic changes imposed by environmental stress and inflammation on immune cells and tissue microenvironment are thus chiefly involved in the pathophysiology of allergic and other immune-driven diseases. Altered cell metabolism is also a hallmark of cell senescence, a condition characterized by loss of proliferative activity in cells that remain metabolically active. Accelerated senescence can be triggered by acute or chronic stress and inflammatory responses. In contrast, replicative senescence occurs as part of the physiological aging process and has protective roles in cancer surveillance and wound healing. Importantly, cell senescence can also change or hamper response to diverse therapeutic treatments. Understanding the metabolic pathways of senescence in immune and structural cells is therefore critical to detect, prevent, or revert detrimental aspects of senescence-related immunopathology, by developing specific diagnostics and targeted therapies. In this paper, we review the main changes and metabolic alterations occurring in senescent immune cells (macrophages, B cells, T cells). Subsequently, we present the metabolic footprints described in translational studies in patients with chronic asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and review the ongoing preclinical studies and clinical trials of therapeutic approaches aiming at targeting metabolic pathways to antagonize pathological senescence. Because this is a recently emerging field in allergy and clinical immunology, a better understanding of the metabolic profile of the complex landscape of cell senescence is needed. The progress achieved so far is already providing opportunities for new therapies, as well as for strategies aimed at disease prevention and supporting healthy aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Roth-Walter
- Comparative Medicine, The Interuniversity Messerli Research Institute of the University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Medical University Vienna and University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center of Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - I M Adcock
- Molecular Cell Biology Group, National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - C Benito-Villalvilla
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Chemistry, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - R Bianchini
- Comparative Medicine, The Interuniversity Messerli Research Institute of the University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Medical University Vienna and University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - L Bjermer
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Lung and Allergy research, Allergy, Asthma and COPD Competence Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - G Caramori
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Pneumologia, Italy
| | - L Cari
- Department of Medicine, Section of Pharmacology, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - K F Chung
- Experimental Studies Medicine at National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College London & Royal Brompton & Harefield Hospital, London, UK
| | - Z Diamant
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Institute for Clinical Science, Skane University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Thomayer Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy & Pharmacology, University Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen and QPS-NL, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - I Eguiluz-Gracia
- Allergy Unit, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga-Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA)-ARADyAL, Málaga, Spain
| | - E F Knol
- Departments of Center of Translational Immunology and Dermatology/Allergology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - M Jesenak
- Department of Paediatrics, Department of Pulmonology and Phthisiology, Comenius University in Bratislava, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, University Teaching Hospital, Martin, Slovakia
| | - F Levi-Schaffer
- Institute for Drug Research, Pharmacology Unit, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - G Nocentini
- Department of Medicine, Section of Pharmacology, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - L O'Mahony
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- Department of Medicine, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - O Palomares
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Chemistry, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - F Redegeld
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - M Sokolowska
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zürich, Davos, Switzerland
- Christine Kühne - Center for Allergy Research and Education (CK-CARE), Davos, Switzerland
| | - B C A M Van Esch
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - C Stellato
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry "Scuola Medica Salernitana", University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy
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Shin B, An G, Cockrell RC. Examining B-cell dynamics and responsiveness in different inflammatory milieus using an agent-based model. PLoS Comput Biol 2024; 20:e1011776. [PMID: 38261584 PMCID: PMC10805321 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1011776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION B-cells are essential components of the immune system that neutralize infectious agents through the generation of antigen-specific antibodies and through the phagocytic functions of naïve and memory B-cells. However, the B-cell response can become compromised by a variety of conditions that alter the overall inflammatory milieu, be that due to substantial, acute insults as seen in sepsis, or due to those that produce low-level, smoldering background inflammation such as diabetes, obesity, or advanced age. This B-cell dysfunction, mediated by the inflammatory cytokines Interleukin-6 (IL-6) and Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha (TNF-α), increases the susceptibility of late-stage sepsis patients to nosocomial infections and increases the incidence or severity of recurrent infections, such as SARS-CoV-2, in those with chronic conditions. We propose that modeling B-cell dynamics can aid the investigation of their responses to different levels and patterns of systemic inflammation. METHODS The B-cell Immunity Agent-based Model (BCIABM) was developed by integrating knowledge regarding naïve B-cells, short-lived plasma cells, long-lived plasma cells, memory B-cells, and regulatory B-cells, along with their various differentiation pathways and cytokines/mediators. The BCIABM was calibrated to reflect physiologic behaviors in response to: 1) mild antigen stimuli expected to result in immune sensitization through the generation of effective immune memory, and 2) severe antigen challenges representing the acute substantial inflammation seen during sepsis, previously documented in studies on B-cell behavior in septic patients. Once calibrated, the BCIABM was used to simulate the B-cell response to repeat antigen stimuli during states of low, chronic background inflammation, implemented as low background levels of IL-6 and TNF-α often seen in patients with conditions such as diabetes, obesity, or advanced age. The levels of immune responsiveness were evaluated and validated by comparing to a Veteran's Administration (VA) patient cohort with COVID-19 infection known to have a higher incidence of such comorbidities. RESULTS The BCIABM was successfully able to reproduce the expected appropriate development of immune memory to mild antigen exposure, as well as the immunoparalysis seen in septic patients. Simulation experiments then revealed significantly decreased B-cell responsiveness as levels of background chronic inflammation increased, reproducing the different COVID-19 infection data seen in a VA population. CONCLUSION The BCIABM proved useful in dynamically representing known mechanisms of B-cell function and reproduced immune memory responses across a range of different antigen exposures and inflammatory statuses. These results elucidate previous studies demonstrating a similar negative correlation between the B-cell response and background inflammation by positing an established and conserved mechanism that explains B-cell dysfunction across a wide range of phenotypic presentations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryan Shin
- Department of Surgery, University of Vermont Larner College of Medicine, Burlington, Vermont, United States of America
| | - Gary An
- Department of Surgery, University of Vermont Larner College of Medicine, Burlington, Vermont, United States of America
| | - R. Chase Cockrell
- Department of Surgery, University of Vermont Larner College of Medicine, Burlington, Vermont, United States of America
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Molnár AÁ, Pásztor DT, Tarcza Z, Merkely B. Cells in Atherosclerosis: Focus on Cellular Senescence from Basic Science to Clinical Practice. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17129. [PMID: 38138958 PMCID: PMC10743093 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242417129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging is a major risk factor of atherosclerosis through different complex pathways including replicative cellular senescence and age-related clonal hematopoiesis. In addition to aging, extracellular stress factors, such as mechanical and oxidative stress, can induce cellular senescence, defined as premature cellular senescence. Senescent cells can accumulate within atherosclerotic plaques over time and contribute to plaque instability. This review summarizes the role of cellular senescence in the complex pathophysiology of atherosclerosis and highlights the most important senotherapeutics tested in cardiovascular studies targeting senescence. Continued bench-to-bedside research in cellular senescence might allow the future implementation of new effective anti-atherosclerotic preventive and treatment strategies in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Ágnes Molnár
- Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, 1122 Budapest, Hungary; (D.T.P.); (Z.T.); (B.M.)
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Asghari F, Asghary A, Majidi Zolbanin N, Faraji F, Jafari R. Immunosenescence and Inflammaging in COVID-19. Viral Immunol 2023; 36:579-592. [PMID: 37797216 DOI: 10.1089/vim.2023.0045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite knowledge gaps in understanding the full spectrum of the hyperinflammatory phase caused by SARS-CoV-2, according to the World Health Organization (WHO), COVID-19 is still the leading cause of death worldwide. Susceptible people to severe COVID-19 are those with underlying medical conditions or those with dysregulated and senescence-associated immune responses. As the immune system undergoes aging in the elderly, such drastic changes predispose them to various diseases and affect their responsiveness to infections, as seen in COVID-19. At-risk groups experience poor prognosis in terms of disease recovery. Changes in the quantity and quality of immune cell function have been described in numerous literature sites. Impaired immune cell function along with age-related metabolic changes can lead to features such as hyperinflammatory response, immunosenescence, and inflammaging in COVID-19. Inflammaging is related to the increased activity of the most inflammatory factors and is the main cause of age-related diseases and tissue failure in the elderly. Since hyperinflammation is a common feature of most severe cases of COVID-19, this pathway, which is not fully understood, leads to immunosenescence and inflammaging in some individuals, especially in the elderly and those with comorbidities. In this review, we shed some light on the age-related abnormalities of innate and adaptive immune cells and how hyperinflammatory immune responses contribute to the inflammaging process, leading to clinical deterioration. Further, we provide insights into immunomodulation-based therapeutic approaches, which are potentially important considerations in vaccine design for elderly populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faezeh Asghari
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Asghary
- Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Naime Majidi Zolbanin
- Experimental and Applied Pharmaceutical Research Center, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Faraji
- Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center, Institute of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Jafari
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Cellular and Molecular Medicine Institute, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
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Kim ME, Lee JS. Immune Diseases Associated with Aging: Molecular Mechanisms and Treatment Strategies. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15584. [PMID: 37958564 PMCID: PMC10647753 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242115584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging is associated with a decline in immune function, thereby causing an increased susceptibility to various diseases. Herein, we review immune diseases associated with aging, focusing on tumors, atherosclerosis, and immunodeficiency disorders. The molecular mechanisms underlying these conditions are discussed, highlighting telomere shortening, tissue inflammation, and altered signaling pathways, e.g., the mammalian target of the rapamycin (mTOR) pathway, as key contributors to immune dysfunction. The role of the senescence-associated secretory phenotype in driving chronic tissue inflammation and disruption has been examined. Our review underscores the significance of targeting tissue inflammation and immunomodulation for treating immune disorders. In addition, anti-inflammatory medications, including corticosteroids and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, and novel approaches, e.g., probiotics and polyphenols, are discussed. Immunotherapy, particularly immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy and adoptive T-cell therapy, has been explored for its potential to enhance immune responses in older populations. A comprehensive analysis of immune disorders associated with aging and underlying molecular mechanisms provides insights into potential treatment strategies to alleviate the burden of these conditions in the aging population. The interplay among immune dysfunction, chronic tissue inflammation, and innovative therapeutic approaches highlights the importance of elucidating these complex processes to develop effective interventions to improve the quality of life in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jun Sik Lee
- Department of Biological Science, Immunology Research Lab & BK21-Four Educational Research Group for Age-Associated Disorder Control Technology, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea;
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8
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Müller L, Di Benedetto S. From aging to long COVID: exploring the convergence of immunosenescence, inflammaging, and autoimmunity. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1298004. [PMID: 37942323 PMCID: PMC10628127 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1298004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The process of aging is accompanied by a dynamic restructuring of the immune response, a phenomenon known as immunosenescence. This mini-review navigates through the complex landscape of age-associated immune changes, chronic inflammation, age-related autoimmune tendencies, and their potential links with immunopathology of Long COVID. Immunosenescence serves as an introductory departure point, elucidating alterations in immune cell profiles and their functional dynamics, changes in T-cell receptor signaling, cytokine network dysregulation, and compromised regulatory T-cell function. Subsequent scrutiny of chronic inflammation, or "inflammaging," highlights its roles in age-related autoimmune susceptibilities and its potential as a mediator of the immune perturbations observed in Long COVID patients. The introduction of epigenetic facets further amplifies the potential interconnections. In this compact review, we consider the dynamic interactions between immunosenescence, inflammation, and autoimmunity. We aim to explore the multifaceted relationships that link these processes and shed light on the underlying mechanisms that drive their interconnectedness. With a focus on understanding the immunological changes in the context of aging, we seek to provide insights into how immunosenescence and inflammation contribute to the emergence and progression of autoimmune disorders in the elderly and may serve as potential mediator for Long COVID disturbances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludmila Müller
- Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Center for Lifespan Psychology, Berlin, Germany
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9
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Mohapatra L, Mishra D, Shiomurti Tripathi A, Kumar Parida S. Immunosenescence as a convergence pathway in neurodegeneration. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 121:110521. [PMID: 37385122 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
Immunity refers to the body's defense mechanism to protect itself against illness or to produce antibodies against pathogens. Senescence is a cellular phenomenon that integrates a sustainable growth restriction, other phenotypic abnormalities and including a pro-inflammatory secretome. It is highly involved in regulating developmental stages, tissue homeostasis, and tumor proliferation monitoring. Contemporary experimental reports imply that abolition of senescent cells employing evolved genetic and therapeutic approaches augment the chances of survival and boosts the health span of an individual. Immunosenescence is considered as a process in which dysfunction of the immune system occurs with aging and greatly includes remodeling of lymphoid organs. This in turn causes fluctuations in the immune function of the elderly that has strict relation with the expansion of autoimmune diseases, infections, malignant tumors and neurodegenerative disorders. The interaction of the nervous and immune systems during aging is marked by bi-directional influence and mutual correlation of variations. The enhanced systemic inflammatory condition in the elderly, and the neuronal immune cell activity can be modulated by inflamm-aging and peripheral immunosenescence resulting in chronic low-grade inflammatory processes in the central Nervous system known as neuro-inflammaging. For example, glia excitation by cytokines and glia pro-inflammatory productions contribute significantly to memory injury as well as in acute systemic inflammation, which is associated with high levels of Tumor necrosis factor -α and a rise in cognitive decline. In recent years its role in the pathology of Alzheimer's disease has caught research interest to a large extent. This article reviews the connection concerning the immune and nervous systems and highlights how immunosenescence and inflamm-aging can affect neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucy Mohapatra
- Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Lucknow, Amity University Uttar Pradesh Sector-125, Noida, 201313, India.
| | - Deepak Mishra
- Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Lucknow, Amity University Uttar Pradesh Sector-125, Noida, 201313, India
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10
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Wan R, Srikaram P, Guntupalli V, Hu C, Chen Q, Gao P. Cellular senescence in asthma: from pathogenesis to therapeutic challenges. EBioMedicine 2023; 94:104717. [PMID: 37442061 PMCID: PMC10362295 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2023.104717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Asthma is a heterogeneous chronic respiratory disease that impacts nearly 10% of the population worldwide. While cellular senescence is a normal physiological process, the accumulation of senescent cells is considered a trigger that transforms physiology into the pathophysiology of a tissue/organ. Recent advances have suggested the significance of cellular senescence in asthma. With this review, we focus on the literature regarding the physiology and pathophysiology of cellular senescence and cellular stress responses that link the triggers of asthma to cellular senescence, including telomere shortening, DNA damage, oncogene activation, oxidative-related senescence, and senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). The association of cellular senescence to asthma phenotypes, airway inflammation and remodeling, was also reviewed. Importantly, several approaches targeting cellular senescence, such as senolytics and senomorphics, have emerged as promising strategies for asthma treatment. Therefore, cellular senescence might represent a mechanism in asthma, and the senescence-related molecules and pathways could be targeted for therapeutic benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongjun Wan
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA; Department of Respiratory Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Prakhyath Srikaram
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Vineeta Guntupalli
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Chengping Hu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Qiong Chen
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Peisong Gao
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA.
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11
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Zinatizadeh MR, Zarandi PK, Ghiasi M, Kooshki H, Mohammadi M, Amani J, Rezaei N. Immunosenescence and inflamm-ageing in COVID-19. Ageing Res Rev 2023; 84:101818. [PMID: 36516928 PMCID: PMC9741765 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2022.101818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The destructive effects of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) on the elderly and people with cardiovascular disease have been proven. New findings shed light on the role of aging pathways on life span and health age. New therapies that focus on aging-related pathways may positively impact the treatment of this acute respiratory infection. Using new therapies that boost the level of the immune system can support the elderly with co-morbidities against the acute form of COVID-19. This article discusses the effect of the aging immune system against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and the pathways affecting this severity of infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Reza Zinatizadeh
- Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran,Cancer Biology Signaling Pathway Interest Group (CBSPIG), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Peyman Kheirandish Zarandi
- Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran,Cancer Biology Signaling Pathway Interest Group (CBSPIG), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohsen Ghiasi
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamid Kooshki
- Nanobiotechnology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mozafar Mohammadi
- Applied Biotechnology Research Centre, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Jafar Amani
- Applied Microbiology Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nima Rezaei
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy and Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran.
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12
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Yildiz O, Schroth J, Tree T, Turner MR, Shaw PJ, Henson SM, Malaspina A. Senescent-like Blood Lymphocytes and Disease Progression in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. NEUROLOGY(R) NEUROIMMUNOLOGY & NEUROINFLAMMATION 2023; 10:e200042. [PMID: 36323511 PMCID: PMC9673751 DOI: 10.1212/nxi.0000000000200042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 03/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Aging is known to exacerbate neuroinflammation, and in the neurodegenerative disorder amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), an older age is associated with a worse prognosis. We have previously shown the activation of cell senescence pathways in the proteome of peripheral blood mononuclear cells and the increase of proinflammatory cytokines in blood from individuals living with ALS. In this single-center, retrospective study, we investigated the expression of senescent-like blood mononuclear cells in ALS. METHODS We first applied multidimensional cytometry by time-of-flight (CyTOF) to study the senescent immunophenotype of blood mononuclear cells from 21 patients with ALS and 10 healthy controls (HCs). We then used targeted flow cytometry (FC) to investigate frequencies of senescent blood lymphocytes in 40 patients with ALS and 20 HCs. Longitudinal analysis included 2 additional time points in 17 patients with ALS. Frequencies of senescent-like lymphocytes were analyzed in relation to survival. RESULTS Unsupervised clustering of CyTOF data showed higher frequencies of senescent CD4+CD27-CD57+ T cells in patients with ALS compared with those in HCs (p = 0.0017, false discovery (FDR)-adjusted p = 0.029). Moderate to strong negative correlations were identified between CD4 T central memory-cell frequencies and survival (R = -061, p = 0.01; FDR-adjusted p < 0.1) and between CD95 CD8 cells and ALS functional rating scale revised at baseline (R = -0.72, p = 0.001; FDR-adjusted p < 0.1).Targeted FC analysis showed higher memory T regulatory cells (p = 0.0052) and memory CD8+ T cell (M-Tc; p = 0.0006) in bulbar ALS (A-B) compared with those in limb ALS (A-L), while late memory B cells (LM-B) were also elevated in A-B and fast-progressing ALS (p = 0.0059). Higher M-Tc levels separated A-B from A-L (AUC: 0.887; p < 0.0001). A linear regression model with prespecified clinical independent variables and neurofilament light chain plasma concentration showed that higher frequencies of LM-B predicted a shorter survival (hazard ratio: 1.094, CI: 1.026-1.167; p = 0.006). DISCUSSION Our data suggest that a systemic elevation of senescent and late memory T and B lymphocytes is a feature of faster progressing ALS and of ALS individuals with bulbar involvement. Lymphocyte senescence and their memory state may be central to the immune dysregulation known to drive disease progression in ALS and a target for biomarkers and therapeutics discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ozlem Yildiz
- From the Neuroscience and Trauma Centre (O.Y., A.M.), Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine & Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London; Queen Square Motor Neuron Disease Centre (A.M.), Neuromuscular Department, Institute of Neurology, University College London; Translational Medicine and Therapeutics (J.S., S.M.H.), William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London, Queen Mary University of London; Department of Immunobiology (T.T.), School of Immunology & Microbial Sciences, King's College London; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (M.R.T.), University of Oxford; and Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (P.J.S.), University of Sheffield, UK
| | - Johannes Schroth
- From the Neuroscience and Trauma Centre (O.Y., A.M.), Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine & Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London; Queen Square Motor Neuron Disease Centre (A.M.), Neuromuscular Department, Institute of Neurology, University College London; Translational Medicine and Therapeutics (J.S., S.M.H.), William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London, Queen Mary University of London; Department of Immunobiology (T.T.), School of Immunology & Microbial Sciences, King's College London; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (M.R.T.), University of Oxford; and Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (P.J.S.), University of Sheffield, UK
| | - Timothy Tree
- From the Neuroscience and Trauma Centre (O.Y., A.M.), Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine & Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London; Queen Square Motor Neuron Disease Centre (A.M.), Neuromuscular Department, Institute of Neurology, University College London; Translational Medicine and Therapeutics (J.S., S.M.H.), William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London, Queen Mary University of London; Department of Immunobiology (T.T.), School of Immunology & Microbial Sciences, King's College London; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (M.R.T.), University of Oxford; and Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (P.J.S.), University of Sheffield, UK
| | - Martin R Turner
- From the Neuroscience and Trauma Centre (O.Y., A.M.), Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine & Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London; Queen Square Motor Neuron Disease Centre (A.M.), Neuromuscular Department, Institute of Neurology, University College London; Translational Medicine and Therapeutics (J.S., S.M.H.), William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London, Queen Mary University of London; Department of Immunobiology (T.T.), School of Immunology & Microbial Sciences, King's College London; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (M.R.T.), University of Oxford; and Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (P.J.S.), University of Sheffield, UK
| | - Pamela J Shaw
- From the Neuroscience and Trauma Centre (O.Y., A.M.), Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine & Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London; Queen Square Motor Neuron Disease Centre (A.M.), Neuromuscular Department, Institute of Neurology, University College London; Translational Medicine and Therapeutics (J.S., S.M.H.), William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London, Queen Mary University of London; Department of Immunobiology (T.T.), School of Immunology & Microbial Sciences, King's College London; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (M.R.T.), University of Oxford; and Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (P.J.S.), University of Sheffield, UK
| | - Sian M Henson
- From the Neuroscience and Trauma Centre (O.Y., A.M.), Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine & Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London; Queen Square Motor Neuron Disease Centre (A.M.), Neuromuscular Department, Institute of Neurology, University College London; Translational Medicine and Therapeutics (J.S., S.M.H.), William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London, Queen Mary University of London; Department of Immunobiology (T.T.), School of Immunology & Microbial Sciences, King's College London; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (M.R.T.), University of Oxford; and Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (P.J.S.), University of Sheffield, UK
| | - Andrea Malaspina
- From the Neuroscience and Trauma Centre (O.Y., A.M.), Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine & Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London; Queen Square Motor Neuron Disease Centre (A.M.), Neuromuscular Department, Institute of Neurology, University College London; Translational Medicine and Therapeutics (J.S., S.M.H.), William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London, Queen Mary University of London; Department of Immunobiology (T.T.), School of Immunology & Microbial Sciences, King's College London; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (M.R.T.), University of Oxford; and Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (P.J.S.), University of Sheffield, UK.
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13
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Torrance BL, Haynes L. Cellular senescence is a key mediator of lung aging and susceptibility to infection. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1006710. [PMID: 36119079 PMCID: PMC9473698 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1006710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging results in systemic changes that leave older adults at much higher risk for adverse outcomes following respiratory infections. Much work has been done over the years to characterize and describe the varied changes that occur with aging from the molecular/cellular up to the organismal level. In recent years, the systemic accumulation of senescent cells has emerged as a key mediator of many age-related declines and diseases of aging. Many of these age-related changes can impair the normal function of the respiratory system and its capability to respond appropriately to potential pathogens that are encountered daily. In this review, we aim to establish the effects of cellular senescence on the disruption of normal lung function with aging and describe how these effects compound to leave an aged respiratory system at great risk when exposed to a pathogen. We will also discuss the role cellular senescence may play in the inability of most vaccines to confer protection against respiratory infections when administered to older adults. We posit that cellular senescence may be the point of convergence of many age-related immunological declines. Enhanced investigation into this area could provide much needed insight to understand the aging immune system and how to effectively ameliorate responses to pathogens that continue to disproportionately harm this vulnerable population.
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14
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Chen Y, Colonna M. Spontaneous and induced adaptive immune responses in Alzheimer's disease: new insights into old observations. Curr Opin Immunol 2022; 77:102233. [PMID: 35839620 DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2022.102233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 05/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the leading cause of dementia in the elderly. Although AD is primarily a neurological disorder distinguished by amyloid β plaques and intracellular neurofibrillary tangles, the immune system can impact the progression of the disease and may be targeted for therapeutic purposes. To date, most studies have focused on innate immune responses of microglia. However, emerging evidence implicates adaptive immune responses by T cells and B cells in the progression of AD. Moreover, the recent approval of an antibody that promotes amyloid β plaque clearance for AD therapy has pinpointed adaptive immunity as a fertile ground for the design of novel therapeutic approaches. Here, we highlight key studies delineating T cell and B cell responses in human AD and mouse models of AD, identify open questions on the specificity, development and impact of these responses and discuss outlooks for future studies and novel therapeutic avenues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Chen
- Department of Pathology and Immunology and Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine in St Louis, USA
| | - Marco Colonna
- Department of Pathology and Immunology and Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine in St Louis, USA.
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15
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Walker KA, Basisty N, Wilson DM, Ferrucci L. Connecting aging biology and inflammation in the omics era. J Clin Invest 2022; 132:e158448. [PMID: 35838044 PMCID: PMC9282936 DOI: 10.1172/jci158448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging is characterized by the accumulation of damage to macromolecules and cell architecture that triggers a proinflammatory state in blood and solid tissues, termed inflammaging. Inflammaging has been implicated in the pathogenesis of many age-associated chronic diseases as well as loss of physical and cognitive function. The search for mechanisms that underlie inflammaging focused initially on the hallmarks of aging, but it is rapidly expanding in multiple directions. Here, we discuss the threads connecting cellular senescence and mitochondrial dysfunction to impaired mitophagy and DNA damage, which may act as a hub for inflammaging. We explore the emerging multi-omics efforts that aspire to define the complexity of inflammaging - and identify molecular signatures and novel targets for interventions aimed at counteracting excessive inflammation and its deleterious consequences while preserving the physiological immune response. Finally, we review the emerging evidence that inflammation is involved in brain aging and neurodegenerative diseases. Our goal is to broaden the research agenda for inflammaging with an eye on new therapeutic opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keenan A. Walker
- Intramural Research Program of the National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Nathan Basisty
- Intramural Research Program of the National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - David M. Wilson
- Biomedical Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Luigi Ferrucci
- Intramural Research Program of the National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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16
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Sabbatinelli J, Matacchione G, Giuliani A, Ramini D, Rippo MR, Procopio AD, Bonafè M, Olivieri F. Circulating biomarkers of inflammaging as potential predictors of COVID-19 severe outcomes. Mech Ageing Dev 2022; 204:111667. [PMID: 35341896 PMCID: PMC8949647 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2022.111667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection has been of unprecedented clinical and socio-economic worldwide relevance. The case fatality rate for COVID-19 grows exponentially with age and the presence of comorbidities. In the older patients, COVID-19 manifests predominantly as a systemic disease associated with immunological, inflammatory, and procoagulant responses. Timely diagnosis and risk stratification are crucial steps to define appropriate therapies and reduce mortality, especially in the older patients. Chronically and systemically activated innate immune responses and impaired antiviral responses have been recognized as the results of a progressive remodeling of the immune system during aging, which can be described by the words 'immunosenescence' and 'inflammaging'. These age-related features of the immune system were highlighted in patients affected by COVID-19 with the poorest clinical outcomes, suggesting that the mechanisms underpinning immunosenescence and inflammaging could be relevant for COVID-19 pathogenesis and progression. Increasing evidence suggests that senescent myeloid and endothelial cells are characterized by the acquisition of a senescence-associated pro-inflammatory phenotype (SASP), which is considered as the main culprit of both immunosenescence and inflammaging. Here, we reviewed this evidence and highlighted several circulating biomarkers of inflammaging that could provide additional prognostic information to stratify COVID-19 patients based on the risk of severe outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacopo Sabbatinelli
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy; Laboratory Medicine, AOU Ospedali Riuniti, Ancona, Italy
| | - Giulia Matacchione
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Angelica Giuliani
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Deborah Ramini
- Center of Clinical Pathology and Innovative Therapy, IRCCS INRCA, Ancona, Italy
| | - Maria Rita Rippo
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Antonio Domenico Procopio
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy; Center of Clinical Pathology and Innovative Therapy, IRCCS INRCA, Ancona, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Bonafè
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Fabiola Olivieri
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy; Center of Clinical Pathology and Innovative Therapy, IRCCS INRCA, Ancona, Italy.
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17
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Fulop T, Larbi A, Pawelec G, Cohen AA, Provost G, Khalil A, Lacombe G, Rodrigues S, Desroches M, Hirokawa K, Franceschi C, Witkowski JM. Immunosenescence and Altered Vaccine Efficiency in Older Subjects: A Myth Difficult to Change. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10040607. [PMID: 35455356 PMCID: PMC9030923 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10040607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Organismal ageing is associated with many physiological changes, including differences in the immune system of most animals. These differences are often considered to be a key cause of age-associated diseases as well as decreased vaccine responses in humans. The most often cited vaccine failure is seasonal influenza, but, while it is usually the case that the efficiency of this vaccine is lower in older than younger adults, this is not always true, and the reasons for the differential responses are manifold. Undoubtedly, changes in the innate and adaptive immune response with ageing are associated with failure to respond to the influenza vaccine, but the cause is unclear. Moreover, recent advances in vaccine formulations and adjuvants, as well as in our understanding of immune changes with ageing, have contributed to the development of vaccines, such as those against herpes zoster and SARS-CoV-2, that can protect against serious disease in older adults just as well as in younger people. In the present article, we discuss the reasons why it is a myth that vaccines inevitably protect less well in older individuals, and that vaccines represent one of the most powerful means to protect the health and ensure the quality of life of older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamas Fulop
- Research Center on Aging, Geriatric Division, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada; (A.K.); (G.L.)
- Correspondence: (T.F.); (S.R.)
| | - Anis Larbi
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), Immunos Building, Singapore 138648, Singapore;
| | - Graham Pawelec
- Department of Immunology, University of Tübingen, 72072 Tübingen, Germany;
- Health Sciences North Research Institute, Sudbury, ON P3E 2H2, Canada
| | - Alan A. Cohen
- Groupe de Recherche PRIMUS, Department of Family Medicine, University of Sherbrooke, 3001 12e Ave N, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada;
| | | | - Abedelouahed Khalil
- Research Center on Aging, Geriatric Division, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada; (A.K.); (G.L.)
| | - Guy Lacombe
- Research Center on Aging, Geriatric Division, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada; (A.K.); (G.L.)
| | - Serafim Rodrigues
- Ikerbasque, The Basque Foundation for Science, 48009 Bilbao, Spain;
- BCAM—The Basque Center for Applied Mathematics, 48009 Bilbao, Spain
- Correspondence: (T.F.); (S.R.)
| | - Mathieu Desroches
- MathNeuro Team, Inria Sophia Antipolis Méditerranée, CEDEX, 06902 Sophia Antipolis, France;
- The Jean Alexandre Dieudonné Laboratory, Université Côte d’Azur, CEDEX 2, 06108 Nice, France
| | - Katsuiku Hirokawa
- Institute of Health and Life Science, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan;
| | - Claudio Franceschi
- IRCCS Institute of Neurological Sciences of Bologna, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy;
- Department of Applied Mathematics and Laboratory of Systems Biology of Healthy Aging, Lobachevsky State University, 603000 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Jacek M. Witkowski
- Department of Pathophysiology, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-210 Gdansk, Poland;
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18
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Witkowski JM, Fulop T, Bryl E. Immunosenescence and COVID-19. Mech Ageing Dev 2022; 204:111672. [PMID: 35378106 PMCID: PMC8975602 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2022.111672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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19
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Abstract
It is well known that B lymphocytes differentiate into plasma cells that produce antibodies. B cells also perform a number of less well-known roles including antigen presentation, regulation of T cells and innate immune cells, cytokine production, and maintenance of subcapsular sinus macrophages. Given that there is clear evidence of inflammation in Parkinson's disease (PD) both in the central nervous system and in the periphery, it is almost certain that B lymphocytes are involved. This involvement is likely to be complicated given the variety of roles B cells play via a number of distinct subsets. They have received less attention to date than their counterparts, T cells, and monocytes. B lymphocytes are decreased in PD overall with some limited evidence that this may be driven by a decrease in regulatory subsets. There is also evidence that regulatory B cells are protective in PD. There is evidence for a role played by antibodies to alpha-synuclein in PD with a possible increase in early disease. There are many exciting potential future avenues for further exploration of the role of B lymphocytes including improving our understanding of the role of meningeal and calvarial (skull bone marrow) based B cells in health and disease, the use of larger, well phenotyped clinical cohorts to understand changes in peripheral and cerebrospinal fluid B cells over time and the potential application of B cell targeted therapies in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsten M. Scott
- Department of Neurology, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
- John van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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20
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Grujić J, Bujandrić N, Budakov-Obradović Z, Dolinaj V, Bogdan D, Savić N, Cabezas-Cruz A, Mijatović D, Simin V, Anđelić N, Banović P. Demographic and Clinical Factors Associated with Reactivity of Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies in Serbian Convalescent Plasma Donors. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 19:ijerph19010042. [PMID: 35010301 PMCID: PMC8751168 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19010042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Passive immunotherapy with convalescent COVID-19 plasma (CCP) is used as a therapeutic procedure in many countries, including Serbia. In this study, we analyzed the association between demographic factors, COVID-19 severity and the reactivity of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies (Abs) in Serbian CCP donors. Individuals (n = 468) recovered from confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection, and who were willing to donate their plasma for passive immunization of COVID-19 patients were enrolled in the study. Plasma samples were tested for the presence of IgG reactive to SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein (S1) and nucleocapsid antigens. Individuals were characterized according to age, gender, comorbidities, COVID-19 severity, ABO blood type and RhD factor. Total of 420 candidates (420/468; 89.74%) reached the levels of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG that qualified them for inclusion in CCP donation program. Further statistical analysis showed that male individuals (p = 0.034), older age groups (p < 0.001), existence of hypertension (p = 0.008), and severe COVID-19 (p = 0.000) are linked with higher levels of anti-SARS-CoV-2 Abs. These findings will guide the selection of CCP donors in Serbia. Further studies need to be conducted to assess the neutralization potency and clinical efficiency of CCP collected from Serbian donors with high anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG reactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmina Grujić
- Blood Transfusion Institute Vojvodina, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (N.B.); (Z.B.-O.)
- Faculty of Medicine in Novi Sad, University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (V.D.); (N.A.)
- Correspondence: (J.G.); (P.B.)
| | - Nevenka Bujandrić
- Blood Transfusion Institute Vojvodina, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (N.B.); (Z.B.-O.)
- Faculty of Medicine in Novi Sad, University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (V.D.); (N.A.)
| | - Zorana Budakov-Obradović
- Blood Transfusion Institute Vojvodina, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (N.B.); (Z.B.-O.)
- Faculty of Medicine in Novi Sad, University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (V.D.); (N.A.)
| | - Vladimir Dolinaj
- Faculty of Medicine in Novi Sad, University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (V.D.); (N.A.)
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Clinical Centre of Vojvodina, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Damir Bogdan
- Social Sciences and Computing, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Nebojša Savić
- Transfusion Medicine Department, Clinic for Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Clinical Centre of Serbia, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Alejandro Cabezas-Cruz
- Anses, INRAE, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d’Alfort, UMR BIPAR, Laboratoire de Santé Animale, F-94700 Maisons-Alfort, France;
| | - Dragana Mijatović
- Department of Prevention of Rabies and Other Infectious Diseases, Pasteur Institute Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia;
| | - Verica Simin
- Department of Microbiology, Pasteur Institute Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia;
| | - Nikola Anđelić
- Faculty of Medicine in Novi Sad, University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (V.D.); (N.A.)
| | - Pavle Banović
- Department of Prevention of Rabies and Other Infectious Diseases, Pasteur Institute Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia;
- Department of Microbiology with Parasitology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine in Novi Sad, University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
- Correspondence: (J.G.); (P.B.)
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21
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Farheen S, Agrawal S, Zubair S, Agrawal A, Jamal F, Altaf I, Kashif Anwar A, Umair SM, Owais M. Patho-Physiology of Aging and Immune-Senescence: Possible Correlates With Comorbidity and Mortality in Middle-Aged and Old COVID-19 Patients. FRONTIERS IN AGING 2021; 2:748591. [PMID: 35822018 PMCID: PMC9261314 DOI: 10.3389/fragi.2021.748591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
During the last 2 years, the entire world has been severely devastated by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic (COVID-19) as it resulted in several million deaths across the globe. While the virus infects people indiscriminately, the casualty risk is higher mainly in old, and middle-aged COVID-19 patients. The incidences of COVID-19 associated co-morbidity and mortality have a great deal of correlation with the weakened and malfunctioning immune systems of elderly people. Presumably, due to the physiological changes associated with aging and because of possible comorbidities such as diabetes, hypertension, obesity, cardiovascular, and lung diseases, which are more common in elderly people, may be considered as the reason making the elderly vulnerable to the infection on one hand, and COVID-19 associated complications on the other. The accretion of senescent immune cells not only contributes to the deterioration of host defense, but also results in elevated inflammatory phenotype persuaded immune dysfunction. In the present review, we envisage to correlate functioning of the immune defense of older COVID-19 patients with secondary/super infection, increased susceptibility or aggravation against already existing cancer, infectious, autoimmune, and other chronic inflammatory diseases. Moreover, we have discussed how age-linked modulations in the immune system affect therapeutic response against administered drugs as well as immunological response to various prophylactic measures including vaccination in the elderly host. The present review also provides an insight into the intricate pathophysiology of the aging and the overall immune response of the host to SARS-CoV-2 infection. A better understanding of age-related immune dysfunction is likely to help us in the development of targeted preemptive strategies for deadly COVID-19 in elderly patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saba Farheen
- Interdisciplinary Biotechnology Unit, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
| | - Sudhanshu Agrawal
- Division of Basic and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Swaleha Zubair
- Department of Computer Science, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
| | - Anshu Agrawal
- Division of Basic and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Fauzia Jamal
- Interdisciplinary Biotechnology Unit, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
| | - Ishrat Altaf
- Interdisciplinary Biotechnology Unit, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
| | - Abu Kashif Anwar
- Department of Anatomy, HSZH Gov, Unani Medical College, Bhopal, India
| | | | - Mohammad Owais
- Interdisciplinary Biotechnology Unit, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
- *Correspondence: Mohammad Owais,
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22
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Kingren MS, Starr ME, Saito H. Divergent Sepsis Pathophysiology in Older Adults. Antioxid Redox Signal 2021; 35:1358-1375. [PMID: 34210173 PMCID: PMC8905233 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2021.0056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Significance: Both incidence and mortality rates of sepsis significantly increase with advanced age, and the majority of sepsis patients are late middle-aged or older. With the proportion of older adults rapidly increasing in developed countries, age-dependent sepsis vulnerability is an urgent medical issue. Due to an increasing life expectancy, postsepsis complications and health care costs are expected to increase as well. Recent Advances: Older patients suffer from higher sepsis incidence and mortality rates, likely resulting from frequent comorbidities, increased coagulation, dysgylcemia, and altered immune responses. Critical Issues: Despite a large number of ongoing clinical and basic research studies, there is currently no effective therapeutic strategy targeting older patients with severe sepsis. The disparity between clinical and basic studies is a problem, and this is largely due to the use of animal models lacking clinical relevance. Although the majority of sepsis cases occur in older adults, most laboratory animals used for sepsis research are very young. Further, despite the wide use of combination fluid and antibiotic treatment in intensive care unit (ICU) patients, most animal research does not include such treatment. Future Directions: Because sepsis is a systemic disease with multiple organ dysfunction, combined therapy approaches, not those targeting single pathways or single organs, are essential. As for preclinical research, it is critical to confirm new findings using aged animal models with clinically relevant ICU-like medical treatments. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 35, 1358-1375.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meagan S. Kingren
- Aging and Critical Care Research Laboratory, Departments of University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
- Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Marlene E. Starr
- Aging and Critical Care Research Laboratory, Departments of University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
- Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
- Surgery, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Hiroshi Saito
- Aging and Critical Care Research Laboratory, Departments of University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
- Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
- Surgery, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
- Physiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
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23
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How Immunosenescence and Inflammaging May Contribute to Hyperinflammatory Syndrome in COVID-19. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222212539. [PMID: 34830421 PMCID: PMC8618618 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is characterized by the dynamic remodeling of the immune system designated “immunosenescence,” and is associated with altered hematopoiesis, thymic involution, and lifelong immune stimulation by multitudinous chronic stressors, including the cytomegalovirus (CMV). Such alterations may contribute to a lowered proportion of naïve T-cells and to reduced diversity of the T-cell repertoire. In the peripheral circulation, a shift occurs towards accumulations of T and B-cell populations with memory phenotypes, and to accumulation of putatively senescent and exhausted immune cells. The aging-related accumulations of functionally exhausted memory T lymphocytes, commonly secreting pro-inflammatory cytokines, together with mediators and factors of the innate immune system, are considered to contribute to the low-grade inflammation (inflammaging) often observed in elderly people. These senescent immune cells not only secrete inflammatory mediators, but are also able to negatively modulate their environments. In this review, we give a short summary of the ways that immunosenescence, inflammaging, and CMV infection may cause insufficient immune responses, contribute to the establishment of the hyperinflammatory syndrome and impact the severity of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in elderly people.
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24
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Wang L, Rondaan C, de Joode AAE, Raveling-Eelsing E, Bos NA, Westra J. Changes in T and B cell subsets in end stage renal disease patients before and after kidney transplantation. IMMUNITY & AGEING 2021; 18:43. [PMID: 34749733 PMCID: PMC8574047 DOI: 10.1186/s12979-021-00254-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The incidence of kidney transplantation performed in elderly patients has increased steadily recently. Higher risk of infection and mortality, but lower rate of rejection, are reported in older kidney transplant patients. This study aims to analyze the effect of transplantation on aging of T and B cells in kidney transplant patients, with the emphasis on age and Cytomegalovirus (CMV) latency. RESULTS We included 36 patients before and after (median 2.7 years) kidney transplantation and 27 age- and sex-matched healthy controls (HC). T and B cell subsets were measured by flow cytometry, with a focus on aged T cells (CD28-), and age associated B cells (ABCs, CD19 + CD21-CD11c+). Three years after transplantation a significant increase of total T cells among the lymphocytes was found compared to pre-transplantation and HC. Among the T cells CD4+ cells were decreased, especially naïve CD4+ cells and regulatory T cells. Total CD8+ cell proportions were increased, and proportions of naïve CD8+ cells were significantly decreased after transplantation, while CD8+ effector memory T cells re-expressing CD45RA were increased. CD28- T cells were significantly higher compared to HC after transplantation, especially in CMV seropositive patients. B cells were significantly decreased, while among B cells memory B cells and especially ABCs were increased after transplantation. CONCLUSIONS After transplantation T and B cell subsets change towards more terminally differentiated memory cells compared to age-matched HC. Proportions of aged T cells and ABCs were associated with CMV serostatus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University Medical Center Groningen and University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, P.O. Box 30.001, 9700 RB, Groningen, NL, The Netherlands
| | - Christien Rondaan
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Anoek A E de Joode
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Elisabeth Raveling-Eelsing
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University Medical Center Groningen and University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, P.O. Box 30.001, 9700 RB, Groningen, NL, The Netherlands
| | - Nicolaas A Bos
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University Medical Center Groningen and University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, P.O. Box 30.001, 9700 RB, Groningen, NL, The Netherlands
| | - Johanna Westra
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University Medical Center Groningen and University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, P.O. Box 30.001, 9700 RB, Groningen, NL, The Netherlands.
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25
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Vázquez-Jiménez A, Avila-Ponce De León UE, Matadamas-Guzman M, Muciño-Olmos EA, Martínez-López YE, Escobedo-Tapia T, Resendis-Antonio O. On Deep Landscape Exploration of COVID-19 Patients Cells and Severity Markers. Front Immunol 2021; 12:705646. [PMID: 34603282 PMCID: PMC8481922 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.705646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 is a disease with a spectrum of clinical responses ranging from moderate to critical. To study and control its effects, a large number of researchers are focused on two substantial aims. On the one hand, the discovery of diverse biomarkers to classify and potentially anticipate the disease severity of patients. These biomarkers could serve as a medical criterion to prioritize attention to those patients with higher prone to severe responses. On the other hand, understanding how the immune system orchestrates its responses in this spectrum of disease severities is a fundamental issue required to design new and optimized therapeutic strategies. In this work, using single-cell RNAseq of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of nine patients with COVID-19 and three healthy controls, we contribute to both aspects. First, we presented computational supervised machine-learning models with high accuracy in classifying the disease severity (moderate and severe) in patients with COVID-19 starting from single-cell data from bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Second, we identified regulatory mechanisms from the heterogeneous cell populations in the lungs microenvironment that correlated with different clinical responses. Given the results, patients with moderate COVID-19 symptoms showed an activation/inactivation profile for their analyzed cells leading to a sequential and innocuous immune response. In comparison, severe patients might be promoting cytotoxic and pro-inflammatory responses in a systemic fashion involving epithelial and immune cells without the possibility to develop viral clearance and immune memory. Consequently, we present an in-depth landscape analysis of how transcriptional factors and pathways from these heterogeneous populations can regulate their expression to promote or restrain an effective immune response directly linked to the patients prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aarón Vázquez-Jiménez
- Human Systems Biology Laboratory, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica (INMEGEN), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Ugo Enrique Avila-Ponce De León
- Human Systems Biology Laboratory, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica (INMEGEN), Mexico City, Mexico
- Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias Biológicas, UNAM, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Meztli Matadamas-Guzman
- Human Systems Biology Laboratory, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica (INMEGEN), Mexico City, Mexico
- Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias Biomédicas, UNAM, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Erick Andrés Muciño-Olmos
- Human Systems Biology Laboratory, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica (INMEGEN), Mexico City, Mexico
- Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias Biomédicas, UNAM, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Yoscelina E. Martínez-López
- Human Systems Biology Laboratory, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica (INMEGEN), Mexico City, Mexico
- Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias Médicas y de la Salud, UNAM, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Thelma Escobedo-Tapia
- Human Systems Biology Laboratory, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica (INMEGEN), Mexico City, Mexico
- Programa de Maestría y Doctorado en Ciencias Bioquímicas, UNAM, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Osbaldo Resendis-Antonio
- Human Systems Biology Laboratory, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica (INMEGEN), Mexico City, Mexico
- Coordinación de la Investigación Científica - Red de Apoyo a la Investigación, UNAM, Mexico City, Mexico
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26
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Bartleson JM, Radenkovic D, Covarrubias AJ, Furman D, Winer DA, Verdin E. SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19 and the Ageing Immune System. NATURE AGING 2021; 1:769-782. [PMID: 34746804 PMCID: PMC8570568 DOI: 10.1038/s43587-021-00114-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 180] [Impact Index Per Article: 60.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is a global health threat with particular risk for severe disease and death in older adults and in adults with age-related metabolic and cardiovascular disease. Recent advances in the science of ageing have highlighted how ageing pathways control not only lifespan but also healthspan, the healthy years of life. Here, we discuss the ageing immune system and its ability to respond to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). We specifically focus on the intersect of severe COVID-19 and immunosenescence to highlight pathways that may be determinant for the risk of complications and death following infection with SARS-CoV-2. New or adapted therapeutics that target ageing-associated pathways may be important tools to reduce the burden of death and long-term disability caused by this pandemic. Proposed interventions aimed at immunosenescence could enhance immune function not only in the elderly but in susceptible younger individuals as well, ultimately improving complications of severe COVID-19 for all ages.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dina Radenkovic
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
- Hooke, Health, Longevity Optimisation, London, UK
| | - Anthony J Covarrubias
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - David Furman
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA, USA
| | | | - Eric Verdin
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA, USA.
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27
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Ding YN, Wang HY, Chen HZ, Liu DP. Targeting senescent cells for vascular aging and related diseases. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2021; 162:43-52. [PMID: 34437878 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2021.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 08/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases are a serious threat to human health, especially in the elderly. Vascular aging makes people more susceptible to cardiovascular diseases due to significant dysfunction or senescence of vascular cells and maladaptation of vascular structure and function; moreover, vascular aging is currently viewed as a modifiable cardiovascular risk factor. To emphasize the relationship between senescent cells and vascular aging, we first summarize the roles of senescent vascular cells (endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells and immune cells) in the vascular aging process and inducers that contribute to cellular senescence. Then, we present potential strategies for directly targeting senescent cells (senotherapy) or preventively targeting senescence inducers (senoprevention) to delay vascular aging and the development of age-related vascular diseases. Finally, based on recent research, we note some important questions that still need to be addressed in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang-Nan Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui-Yu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, People's Republic of China
| | - Hou-Zao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, People's Republic of China.
| | - De-Pei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, People's Republic of China.
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28
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Fernandes SB, Patil ND, Meriaux S, Theresine M, Muller CP, Leenen FAD, Elwenspoek MMC, Zimmer J, Turner JD. Unbiased Screening Identifies Functional Differences in NK Cells After Early Life Psychosocial Stress. Front Immunol 2021; 12:674532. [PMID: 34394074 PMCID: PMC8363253 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.674532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Early Life Adversity (ELA) is closely associated with the risk for developing diseases later in life, such as autoimmune diseases, type-2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. In humans, early parental separation, physical and sexual abuse or low social-economic status during childhood are known to have great impact on brain development, in the hormonal system and immune responses. Maternal deprivation (MD) is the closest animal model available to the human situation. This paradigm induces long lasting behavioral effects, causes changes in the HPA axis and affects the immune system. However, the mechanisms underlying changes in the immune response after ELA are still not fully understood. In this study we investigated how ELA changes the immune system, through an unbiased analysis, viSNE, and addressed specially the NK immune cell population and its functionality. We have demonstrated that maternal separation, in both humans and rats, significantly affects the sensitivity of the immune system in adulthood. Particularly, NK cells’ profile and response to target cell lines are significantly changed after ELA. These immune cells in rats are not only less cytotoxic towards YAC-1 cells, but also show a clear increase in the expression of maturation markers after 3h of maternal separation. Similarly, individuals who suffered from ELA display significant changes in the cytotoxic profile of NK cells together with decreased degranulation capacity. These results suggest that one of the key mechanisms by which the immune system becomes impaired after ELA might be due to a shift on the senescent state of the cells, specifically NK cells. Elucidation of such a mechanism highlights the importance of ELA prevention and how NK targeted immunotherapy might help attenuating ELA consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara B Fernandes
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg.,Doctoral School in Systems and Molecular Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Neha D Patil
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg.,Doctoral School in Systems and Molecular Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Sophie Meriaux
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Maud Theresine
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Claude P Muller
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Fleur A D Leenen
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Martha M C Elwenspoek
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Jacques Zimmer
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg.,Doctoral School in Systems and Molecular Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Jonathan D Turner
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
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Wijngaarden LH, van der Harst E, Klaassen RA, Dunkelgrun M, Kuijper TM, Klepper M, Ambagtsheer G, IJzermans JNM, de Bruin RWF, Litjens NHR. Effects of Morbid Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome on the Composition of Circulating Immune Subsets. Front Immunol 2021; 12:675018. [PMID: 34354700 PMCID: PMC8330422 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.675018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Morbid obesity is characterized by chronic, low-grade inflammation, which is associated with ‘inflamm-aging’. The presence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) might accelerate this phenomenon of metaflammation. In this study, we assessed the effects of morbid obesity and MetS on the composition of a broad spectrum of immune cells present within the circulation. A total of 117 morbidly obese patients (MOP) without MetS (MetS-), 127 MOP with MetS (MetS+) and 55 lean controls (LC) were included in this study. Absolute numbers of T cell, B cell, NK cell and monocyte subsets were assessed within peripheral blood using flow cytometry. Both absolute cell numbers and proportion of cells were evaluated correcting for covariates age, body mass index and cytomegalovirus serostatus. Although the absolute number of circulating CD4+ T cells was increased in the MetS+ group, the CD4+ T cell composition was not influenced by MetS. The CD8+ T cell and B cell compartment contained more differentiated cells in the MOP, but was not affected by MetS. Even though the absolute numbers of NK cells and monocytes were increased in the MOP as compared to LC, there was no difference in proportions of NK and monocyte subsets between the three study groups. In conclusion, although absolute numbers of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, B cells, NK cells and monocytes are increased in MOP, obesity-induced effects of the composition of the immune system are confined to a more differentiated phenotype of CD8+ T cells and B cells. These results were not affected by MetS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leontine H Wijngaarden
- Department of Surgery, Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Surgery, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | | | - René A Klaassen
- Department of Surgery, Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Martin Dunkelgrun
- Department of Surgery, Franciscus Gasthuis and Vlietland, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | | | - Mariska Klepper
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section Nephrology and Transplantation, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Gisela Ambagtsheer
- Department of Surgery, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Jan N M IJzermans
- Department of Surgery, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Ron W F de Bruin
- Department of Surgery, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Nicolle H R Litjens
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section Nephrology and Transplantation, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
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30
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Li M, Hou Q, Zhong L, Zhao Y, Fu X. Macrophage Related Chronic Inflammation in Non-Healing Wounds. Front Immunol 2021; 12:681710. [PMID: 34220830 PMCID: PMC8242337 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.681710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Persistent hyper-inflammation is a distinguishing pathophysiological characteristic of chronic wounds, and macrophage malfunction is considered as a major contributor thereof. In this review, we describe the origin and heterogeneity of macrophages during wound healing, and compare macrophage function in healing and non-healing wounds. We consider extrinsic and intrinsic factors driving wound macrophage dysregulation, and review systemic and topical therapeutic approaches for the restoration of macrophage response. Multidimensional analysis is highlighted through the integration of various high-throughput technologies, used to assess the diversity and activation states as well as cellular communication of macrophages in healing and non-healing wound. This research fills the gaps in current literature and provides the promising therapeutic interventions for chronic wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meirong Li
- Research Center for Tissue Repair and Regeneration Affiliated to the Medical Innovation Research Division and 4 Medical Center, PLA General Hospital and PLA Medical College, Beijing, China
- PLA Key Laboratory of Tissue Repair and Regenerative Medicine and Beijing Key Research Laboratory of Skin Injury, Repair and Regeneration, PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- Research Unit of Trauma Care, Tissue Repair and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Central Laboratory, Trauma Treatment Center, Central Laboratory, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Hainan Hospital, Sanya, China
| | - Qian Hou
- Research Center for Tissue Repair and Regeneration Affiliated to the Medical Innovation Research Division and 4 Medical Center, PLA General Hospital and PLA Medical College, Beijing, China
- PLA Key Laboratory of Tissue Repair and Regenerative Medicine and Beijing Key Research Laboratory of Skin Injury, Repair and Regeneration, PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- Research Unit of Trauma Care, Tissue Repair and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lingzhi Zhong
- Research Center for Tissue Repair and Regeneration Affiliated to the Medical Innovation Research Division and 4 Medical Center, PLA General Hospital and PLA Medical College, Beijing, China
- PLA Key Laboratory of Tissue Repair and Regenerative Medicine and Beijing Key Research Laboratory of Skin Injury, Repair and Regeneration, PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- Research Unit of Trauma Care, Tissue Repair and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yali Zhao
- Central Laboratory, Trauma Treatment Center, Central Laboratory, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Hainan Hospital, Sanya, China
| | - Xiaobing Fu
- Research Center for Tissue Repair and Regeneration Affiliated to the Medical Innovation Research Division and 4 Medical Center, PLA General Hospital and PLA Medical College, Beijing, China
- PLA Key Laboratory of Tissue Repair and Regenerative Medicine and Beijing Key Research Laboratory of Skin Injury, Repair and Regeneration, PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- Research Unit of Trauma Care, Tissue Repair and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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31
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Yeo GEC, Ng MH, Nordin FB, Law JX. Potential of Mesenchymal Stem Cells in the Rejuvenation of the Aging Immune System. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:5749. [PMID: 34072224 PMCID: PMC8198707 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Rapid growth of the geriatric population has been made possible with advancements in pharmaceutical and health sciences. Hence, age-associated diseases are becoming more common. Aging encompasses deterioration of the immune system, known as immunosenescence. Dysregulation of the immune cell production, differentiation, and functioning lead to a chronic subclinical inflammatory state termed inflammaging. The hallmarks of the aging immune system are decreased naïve cells, increased memory cells, and increased serum levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) transplantation is a promising solution to halt immunosenescence as the cells have excellent immunomodulatory functions and low immunogenicity. This review compiles the present knowledge of the causes and changes of the aging immune system and the potential of MSC transplantation as a regenerative therapy for immunosenescence.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jia Xian Law
- Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Cheras 56000, Malaysia; (G.E.C.Y.); (M.H.N.); (F.B.N.)
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32
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Palacios-Pedrero MÁ, Osterhaus ADME, Becker T, Elbahesh H, Rimmelzwaan GF, Saletti G. Aging and Options to Halt Declining Immunity to Virus Infections. Front Immunol 2021; 12:681449. [PMID: 34054872 PMCID: PMC8149791 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.681449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunosenescence is a process associated with aging that leads to dysregulation of cells of innate and adaptive immunity, which may become dysfunctional. Consequently, older adults show increased severity of viral and bacterial infections and impaired responses to vaccinations. A better understanding of the process of immunosenescence will aid the development of novel strategies to boost the immune system in older adults. In this review, we focus on major alterations of the immune system triggered by aging, and address the effect of chronic viral infections, effectiveness of vaccination of older adults and strategies to improve immune function in this vulnerable age group.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Albert D M E Osterhaus
- Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Tanja Becker
- Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Husni Elbahesh
- Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Guus F Rimmelzwaan
- Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Giulietta Saletti
- Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
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33
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Feehan J, Tripodi N, Apostolopoulos V. The twilight of the immune system: The impact of immunosenescence in aging. Maturitas 2021; 147:7-13. [PMID: 33832647 DOI: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2021.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Cellular senescence is a critical part of human anti-tumor defence; however, the accumulation of senescent cells with age underpins a wide range of pathologies. Senescent change in immune cells, or immunosenescence, has a wide range of physiological effects and is at least partially responsible for many diseases associated with aging. Immunosenescence underpins inflammaging, increased vulnerability to infectious disease with age, malignant change in the elderly, and auto-immunity. Understanding the effects and mechanisms of immunosenescence will improve disease outcomes and prevention in older adults, and generate new treatments for common illnesses. In this review we summarize the key changes occurring in immunosenescence across each facet of the immune system, and identify their clinical correlates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack Feehan
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Department of Medicine - Western Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; The Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science, The University of Melbourne, Victoria University and Western Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
| | - Nicholas Tripodi
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; The Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science, The University of Melbourne, Victoria University and Western Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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34
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Zhou D, Borsa M, Simon AK. Hallmarks and detection techniques of cellular senescence and cellular ageing in immune cells. Aging Cell 2021; 20:e13316. [PMID: 33524238 PMCID: PMC7884036 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2020] [Revised: 01/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The ageing of the global population brings about unprecedented challenges. Chronic age-related diseases in an increasing number of people represent an enormous burden for health and social care. The immune system deteriorates during ageing and contributes to many of these age-associated diseases due to its pivotal role in pathogen clearance, tissue homeostasis and maintenance. Moreover, in order to develop treatments for COVID-19, we urgently need to acquire more knowledge about the aged immune system, as older adults are disproportionally and more severely affected. Changes with age lead to impaired responses to infections, malignancies and vaccination, and are accompanied by chronic, low-degree inflammation, which together is termed immunosenescence. However, the molecular and cellular mechanisms that underlie immunosenescence, termed immune cell senescence, are mostly unknown. Cellular senescence, characterised by an irreversible cell cycle arrest, is thought to be the cause of tissue and organismal ageing. Thus, better understanding of cellular senescence in immune populations at single-cell level may provide us with insight into how immune cell senescence develops over the life time of an individual. In this review, we will briefly introduce the phenotypic characterisation of aged innate and adaptive immune cells, which also contributes to overall immunosenescence, including subsets and function. Next, we will focus on the different hallmarks of cellular senescence and cellular ageing, and the detection techniques most suitable for immune cells. Applying these techniques will deepen our understanding of immune cell senescence and to discover potential druggable pathways, which can be modulated to reverse immune ageing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dingxi Zhou
- The Kennedy Institute of RheumatologyUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Mariana Borsa
- The Kennedy Institute of RheumatologyUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
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35
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Dysregulation of leukocyte trafficking in ageing: Causal factors and possible corrective therapies. Pharmacol Res 2020; 163:105323. [PMID: 33276099 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.105323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Ageing is a universal biological phenomenon that is accompanied by the development of chronic, low-grade inflammation and remodelling of the immune system resulting in compromised immune function. In this review, we explore how the trafficking of innate and adaptive immune cells under homeostatic and inflammatory conditions is dysregulated in ageing. We particularly highlight the age-related changes in the expression of adhesion molecules and chemokine receptor/ligands, and the accumulation of senescent cells that drive modulated leukocyte trafficking. These age-related changes to leukocyte trafficking are multifactorial and specific to leukocyte subset, tissue, type of vascular bed, and inflammatory status. However, dysregulated leukocyte trafficking ultimately affects immune responses in older adults. We therefore go on to discuss approved drugs, including anti-integrins, anti-chemokines and statins, as well as novel therapeutics that may be used to target dysregulated leukocyte trafficking in ageing, improve immune responses and delay the onset of age-related diseases.
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36
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Age-related cerebral small vessel disease and inflammaging. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:932. [PMID: 33127878 PMCID: PMC7603301 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-03137-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 10/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The continued increase in global life expectancy predicts a rising prevalence of age-related cerebral small vessel diseases (CSVD), which requires a better understanding of the underlying molecular mechanisms. In recent years, the concept of "inflammaging" has attracted increasing attention. It refers to the chronic sterile low-grade inflammation in elderly organisms and is involved in the development of a variety of age-related chronic diseases. Inflammaging is a long-term result of chronic physiological stimulation of the immune system, and various cellular and molecular mechanisms (e.g., cellular senescence, immunosenescence, mitochondrial dysfunction, defective autophagy, metaflammation, gut microbiota dysbiosis) are involved. With the deepening understanding of the etiological basis of age-related CSVD, inflammaging is considered to play an important role in its occurrence and development. One of the most critical pathophysiological mechanisms of CSVD is endothelium dysfunction and subsequent blood-brain barrier (BBB) leakage, which gives a clue in the identification of the disease by detecting circulating biological markers of BBB disruption. The regional analysis showed blood markers of vascular inflammation are often associated with deep perforating arteriopathy (DPA), while blood markers of systemic inflammation appear to be associated with cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA). Here, we discuss recent findings in the pathophysiology of inflammaging and their effects on the development of age-related CSVD. Furthermore, we speculate the inflammaging as a potential target for future therapeutic interventions to delay or prevent the progression of the age-related CSVD.
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37
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Pereira B, Xu XN, Akbar AN. Targeting Inflammation and Immunosenescence to Improve Vaccine Responses in the Elderly. Front Immunol 2020; 11:583019. [PMID: 33178213 PMCID: PMC7592394 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.583019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the most appreciated consequences of immunosenescence is an impaired response to vaccines with advanced age. While most studies report impaired antibody responses in older adults as a correlate of vaccine efficacy, it is now widely appreciated that this may fail to identify important changes occurring in the immune system with age that may affect vaccine efficacy. The impact of immunosenescence on vaccination goes beyond the defects on antibody responses as T cell-mediated responses are reshaped during aging and certainly affect vaccination. Likewise, age-related changes in the innate immune system may have important consequences on antigen presentation and priming of adaptive immune responses. Importantly, a low-level chronic inflammatory status known as inflammaging has been shown to inhibit immune responses to vaccination and pharmacological strategies aiming at blocking baseline inflammation can be potentially used to boost vaccine responses. Yet current strategies aiming at improving immunogenicity in the elderly have mainly focused on the use of adjuvants to promote local inflammation. More research is needed to understand the role of inflammation in vaccine responses and to reconcile these seemingly paradoxical observations. Alternative approaches to improve vaccine responses in the elderly include the use of higher vaccine doses or alternative routes of vaccination showing only limited benefits. This review will explore novel targets and potential new strategies for enhancing vaccine responses in older adults, including the use of anti-inflammatory drugs and immunomodulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Branca Pereira
- HIV/GUM Directorate, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom.,Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Xiao-Ning Xu
- Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Arne N Akbar
- Division of Medicine, University College London, London, United Kingdom
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38
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The conundrum of human immune system "senescence". Mech Ageing Dev 2020; 192:111357. [PMID: 32949594 PMCID: PMC7494491 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2020.111357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Biomarkers of human immunosenescence are discussed. Longitudinal studies are essential. Associations of immune markers in older adults with clinical outcome are context-dependent. There are no universal biomarkers of human immunosenescence. There are common age-associated changes to peripheral immune markers in humans.
There is a great deal of debate on the question of whether or not we know what ageing is (Ref. Cohen et al., 2020). Here, we consider what we believe to be the especially confused and confusing case of the ageing of the human immune system, commonly referred to as “immunosenescence”. But what exactly is meant by this term? It has been used loosely in the literature, resulting in a certain degree of confusion as to its definition and implications. Here, we argue that only those differences in immune parameters between younger and older adults that are associated in some definitive manner with detrimental health outcomes and/or impaired survival prospects should be classed as indicators of immunosenescence in the strictest sense of the word, and that in humans we know remarkably little about their identity. Such biomarkers of immunosenescence may nonetheless indicate beneficial effects in other contexts, consistent with the notion of antagonistic pleiotropy. Identifying what could be true immunosenescence in this respect requires examining: (1) what appears to correlate with age, though generality across human populations is not yet confirmed; (2) what clearly is part of a suite of canonical changes in the immune system that happen with age; (3) which subset of those changes accelerates rather than slows aging; and (4) all changes, potentially population-specific, that accelerate agig. This remains an immense challenge. These questions acquire an added urgency in the current SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, given the clearly greater susceptibility of older adults to COVID-19.
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Witkowski JM, Bryl E, Fulop T. Should we Try to Alleviate Immunosenescence and Inflammaging - Why, How and to What Extent? Curr Pharm Des 2020; 25:4154-4162. [PMID: 31713479 DOI: 10.2174/1381612825666191111153016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
With advancing age, immune responses of human beings to external pathogens, i.e., bacteria, viruses, fungi and parasites, and to internal pathogens - malignant neoplasm cells - become less effective. Two major features in the process of aging of the human immune system are immunosenescence and inflammaging. The immune systems of our predecessors co-evolved with pathogens, which led to the occurrence of effective immunity. However, the otherwise beneficial activity may pose problems to the organism of the host and so it has builtin brakes (regulatory immune cells) and - with age - it undergoes adaptations and modifications, examples of which are the mentioned inflammaging and immunosenescence. Here we describe the mechanisms that first created our immune systems, then the consequences of their changes associated with aging, and the mechanisms of inflammaging and immunosenescence. Finally, we discuss to what extent both processes are detrimental and to what extent they might be beneficial and propose some therapeutic approaches for their wise control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacek M Witkowski
- Department of Pathophysiology, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Ewa Bryl
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Rheumatology, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Tamas Fulop
- Research Center on Aging, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Medicine, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
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40
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Mayne K, White JA, McMurran CE, Rivera FJ, de la Fuente AG. Aging and Neurodegenerative Disease: Is the Adaptive Immune System a Friend or Foe? Front Aging Neurosci 2020; 12:572090. [PMID: 33173502 PMCID: PMC7538701 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2020.572090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases of the central nervous system (CNS) are characterized by progressive neuronal death and neurological dysfunction, leading to increased disability and a loss of cognitive or motor functions. Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis have neurodegeneration as a primary feature. However, in other CNS diseases such as multiple sclerosis, stroke, traumatic brain injury, and spinal cord injury, neurodegeneration follows another insult, such as demyelination or ischaemia. Although there are different primary causes to these diseases, they all share a hallmark of neuroinflammation. Neuroinflammation can occur through the activation of resident immune cells such as microglia, cells of the innate and adaptive peripheral immune system, meningeal inflammation and autoantibodies directed toward components of the CNS. Despite chronic inflammation being pathogenic in these diseases, local inflammation after insult can also promote endogenous regenerative processes in the CNS, which are key to slowing disease progression. The normal aging process in the healthy brain is associated with a decline in physiological function, a steady increase in levels of neuroinflammation, brain shrinkage, and memory deficits. Likewise, aging is also a key contributor to the progression and exacerbation of neurodegenerative diseases. As there are associated co-morbidities within an aging population, pinpointing the precise relationship between aging and neurodegenerative disease progression can be a challenge. The CNS has historically been considered an isolated, "immune privileged" site, however, there is mounting evidence that adaptive immune cells are present in the CNS of both healthy individuals and diseased patients. Adaptive immune cells have also been implicated in both the degeneration and regeneration of the CNS. In this review, we will discuss the key role of the adaptive immune system in CNS degeneration and regeneration, with a focus on how aging influences this crosstalk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie Mayne
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Science, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Jessica A. White
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Science, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | | | - Francisco J. Rivera
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Neuroregeneration, Institute of Anatomy, Histology and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
- Center for Interdisciplinary Studies on the Nervous System (CISNe), Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
- Institute of Molecular Regenerative Medicine, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
- Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg (SCI-TReCS), Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Alerie G. de la Fuente
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Science, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Alerie G. de la Fuente,
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41
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Oh SJ, Lee JK, Shin OS. Aging and the Immune System: the Impact of Immunosenescence on Viral Infection, Immunity and Vaccine Immunogenicity. Immune Netw 2019; 19:e37. [PMID: 31921467 PMCID: PMC6943173 DOI: 10.4110/in.2019.19.e37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Revised: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunosenescence is characterized by a progressive deterioration of the immune system associated with aging. Multiple components of both innate and adaptive immune systems experience aging-related changes, such as alterations in the number of circulating monocytic and dendritic cells, reduced phagocytic activities of neutrophils, limited diversity in B/T cell repertoire, T cell exhaustion or inflation, and chronic production of inflammatory cytokines known as inflammaging. The elderly are less likely to benefit from vaccinations as preventative measures against infectious diseases due to the inability of the immune system to mount a successful defense. Therefore, aging is thought to decrease the efficacy and effectiveness of vaccines, suggesting aging-associated decline in the immunogenicity induced by vaccination. In this review, we discuss aging-associated changes in the innate and adaptive immunity and the impact of immunosenescence on viral infection and immunity. We further explore recent advances in strategies to enhance the immunogenicity of vaccines in the elderly. Better understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying immunosenescence-related immune dysfunction will provide a crucial insight into the development of effective elderly-targeted vaccines and immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo-Jin Oh
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Korea University Guro Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul 08308, Korea
| | - Jae Kyung Lee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Korea University Guro Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul 08308, Korea
| | - Ok Sarah Shin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Korea University Guro Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul 08308, Korea
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42
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Crooke SN, Ovsyannikova IG, Poland GA, Kennedy RB. Immunosenescence and human vaccine immune responses. IMMUNITY & AGEING 2019; 16:25. [PMID: 31528180 PMCID: PMC6743147 DOI: 10.1186/s12979-019-0164-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 275] [Impact Index Per Article: 55.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The age-related dysregulation and decline of the immune system-collectively termed "immunosenescence"-has been generally associated with an increased susceptibility to infectious pathogens and poor vaccine responses in older adults. While numerous studies have reported on the clinical outcomes of infected or vaccinated individuals, our understanding of the mechanisms governing the onset of immunosenescence and its effects on adaptive immunity remains incomplete. Age-dependent differences in T and B lymphocyte populations and functions have been well-defined, yet studies that demonstrate direct associations between immune cell function and clinical outcomes in older individuals are lacking. Despite these knowledge gaps, research has progressed in the development of vaccine and adjuvant formulations tailored for older adults in order to boost protective immunity and overcome immunosenescence. In this review, we will discuss the development of vaccines for older adults in light of our current understanding-or lack thereof-of the aging immune system. We highlight the functional changes that are known to occur in the adaptive immune system with age, followed by a discussion of current, clinically relevant pathogens that disproportionately affect older adults and are the central focus of vaccine research efforts for the aging population. We conclude with an outlook on personalized vaccine development for older adults and areas in need of further study in order to improve our fundamental understanding of adaptive immunosenescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen N Crooke
- Mayo Clinic Vaccine Research Group, Mayo Clinic, Guggenheim Building 611D, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905 USA
| | - Inna G Ovsyannikova
- Mayo Clinic Vaccine Research Group, Mayo Clinic, Guggenheim Building 611D, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905 USA
| | - Gregory A Poland
- Mayo Clinic Vaccine Research Group, Mayo Clinic, Guggenheim Building 611D, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905 USA
| | - Richard B Kennedy
- Mayo Clinic Vaccine Research Group, Mayo Clinic, Guggenheim Building 611D, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905 USA
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Nevalainen T, Autio A, Kummola L, Salomaa T, Junttila I, Jylhä M, Hurme M. CD27- IgD- B cell memory subset associates with inflammation and frailty in elderly individuals but only in males. IMMUNITY & AGEING 2019; 16:19. [PMID: 31423147 PMCID: PMC6693136 DOI: 10.1186/s12979-019-0159-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Background Immunosenescence, i.e. the aging-associated decline of the capacity of the immune system, is characterized by several distinct changes in the number and functions of the immune cells. In the case of B cells, the total number of CD19+ B cells is lower in the blood of elderly individuals than in the younger ones. CD19+ B cell population contains several subsets, which are commonly characterized by the presence of CD27 and IgD molecules, i.e. naïve B cells (CD27- IgD+), IgM memory (CD27+ IgD+), switched memory (CD27+ IgD-) and late memory (CD27- IgD-). This late memory, double negative, population represents cells which are nondividing, but are still able to produce inflammatory mediators and in this way maybe contributing to the aging-associated inflammation, inflammaging. Here we have focused on the role of these B cell subsets in elderly individuals, nonagenarians, in the regulation of inflammation and inflammation-associated decline of bodily functions. As the biological aging process demonstrates gender-specific characteristics, the analyses were performed separately in males and female. Results A subcohort of The Vitality 90+ study (67 nonagenarians, 22/45 males/females and 40 young controls, 13/27 males/females) was used. Flow cytometric analysis indicated that the total percentage of the CD19+ cells was ca. 50% lower in the nonagenarians than in the controls in both genders. The proportions of these four B cell subsets within the CD19+ populations were very similar in young and old individuals. Thus, it seems that the aging-associated decline of the total CD19+ cells affects similarly all these B cell subsets. To analyze the role of these subsets in the regulation of inflammation, the correlation with IL-6 levels was calculated. A significant correlation was observed only with the percentage of CD27- IgD- cells and only in males. As inflammation is associated with aging-associated functional performance and frailty, the correlations with the Barthel index and frailty score was analyzed. Again, only the CD27- IgD- population demonstrated a strong male-specific correlation. Conclusions These data show that the CD27- IgD- B cell subset demonstrates a strong pro-inflammatory effect in nonagenarians, which significantly associates with the decline of the bodily functions. However, this phenomenon is only observed in males.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tapio Nevalainen
- 1Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, FI-33014 Tampere, Finland.,3Gerontology Research Center, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland.,4Science Centre, Pirkanmaa Hospital District, Tampere, Finland
| | - Arttu Autio
- 1Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, FI-33014 Tampere, Finland.,3Gerontology Research Center, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland.,4Science Centre, Pirkanmaa Hospital District, Tampere, Finland
| | - Laura Kummola
- 1Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, FI-33014 Tampere, Finland
| | - Tanja Salomaa
- 1Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, FI-33014 Tampere, Finland
| | - Ilkka Junttila
- 1Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, FI-33014 Tampere, Finland.,Department of Clinical Microbiology, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland
| | - Marja Jylhä
- 2Faculty of Social Sciences, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland.,3Gerontology Research Center, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Mikko Hurme
- 1Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, FI-33014 Tampere, Finland.,3Gerontology Research Center, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
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Frasca D, Diaz A, Romero M, Thaller S, Blomberg BB. Metabolic requirements of human pro-inflammatory B cells in aging and obesity. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0219545. [PMID: 31287846 PMCID: PMC6615614 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0219545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The subset of pro-inflammatory B cells, called late memory, tissue-like or double negative (DN), accumulates in the blood of elderly individuals. Here we show that DN B cells do not proliferate and do not make antibodies to influenza antigens, but they secrete antibodies with autoimmune reactivity, in agreement with their membrane phenotype (CD95+CD21-CD11c+) and their spontaneous expression of the transcription factor T-bet. These cells also increase in the blood of individuals with obesity and autoimmune diseases, but causative mechanisms and signaling pathways involved are known only in part. In the present paper we compare frequencies and metabolic requirements of these cells in the blood of healthy individuals of different ages and in the blood and the subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) of individuals with obesity. Results show that DN B cells from young individuals have minimal metabolic requirements, DN B cells from elderly and obese individuals utilize higher amounts of glucose to perform autoimmune antibody production and enroll in aerobic glycolysis to support their function. DN B cells from the SAT have the highest metabolic requirements as they activate oxidative phosphorylation, aerobic glycolysis and fatty acid oxidation. DN B cells from the SAT also show the highest levels of ROS and the highest levels of phosphorylated AMPK (5'-AMP activated kinase) and Sestrin 1, both able to mitigate stress and cell death. This metabolic advantage drives DN B cell survival and function (secretion of autoimmune antibodies).
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Frasca
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States of America
| | - Alain Diaz
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States of America
| | - Maria Romero
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States of America
| | - Seth Thaller
- Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States of America
| | - Bonnie B. Blomberg
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States of America
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States of America
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Berens HM, Polinski KJ, Mikuls TR, Khatter S, August J, Visser A, Mahler M, Weisman MH, O'Dell JR, Keating RM, Buckner JH, Gregersen PK, Norris JM, Holers VM, Deane KD, Demoruelle MK. Anticyclic Citrullinated Peptide Antibodies 3.1 and Anti-CCP-IgA Are Associated with Increasing Age in Individuals Without Rheumatoid Arthritis. J Rheumatol 2019; 46:1556-1559. [PMID: 30988128 DOI: 10.3899/jrheum.180897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We investigated the association of age and anticyclic citrullinated peptide antibodies (anti-CCP) in subjects without rheumatoid arthritis (RA). METHODS Serum was tested for anti-CCP3.1 (IgG/IgA) in 678 first-degree relatives (FDR) of patients with RA and 330 patients with osteoarthritis (OA). Individual isotypes (anti-CCP-IgA and anti-CCP-IgG) were also tested in all FDR. RESULTS In FDR, increasing age was significantly associated with positivity for anti-CCP3.1 (per year, OR 1.03) and anti-CCP-IgA (per year, OR 1.05) but not anti-CCP-IgG. In FDR and OA subjects, anti-CCP3.1 prevalence was significantly increased after age 50 years. CONCLUSION Increasing age in individuals without RA should be considered in the interpretation of anti-CCP3.1 positivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather M Berens
- From the Division of Rheumatology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora; Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora, Colorado; Division of Rheumatology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha; Division of Rheumatology, Veterans Affairs (VA) Nebraska Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, Nebraska; Department of Research, Inova Diagnostics, San Diego; Division of Rheumatology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles; Division of Rheumatology, Scripps Green Hospital, La Jolla, California; Department of Immunology, Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason, Seattle, Washington; Center for Genomics and Human Genetics, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, New York, USA.,H.M. Berens, MD, PhD, Rheumatology Fellow, Division of Rheumatology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus; K.J. Polinski, BS, PhD student, Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health; T.R. Mikuls, MD, MSPH, Professor of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, and Division of Rheumatology, VA Nebraska Western Iowa Health Care System; S. Khatter, MD, Resident, Division of Rheumatology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus; J. August, BS, Professional Research Assistant, Division of Rheumatology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus; A. Visser, BS, Professional Research Assistant, Division of Rheumatology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus; M. Mahler, PhD, Vice President of Research and Development, Department of Research, Inova Diagnostics; M.H. Weisman, MD, Professor of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center; J.R. O'Dell, MD, Professor and Vice Chair Internal Medicine, Chief of Rheumatology, Division of Rheumatology, University of Nebraska Medical Center; R.M. Keating, MD, Professor of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Scripps Green Hospital; J.H. Buckner, MD, President, Department of Immunology, Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason; P.K. Gregersen, MD, Professor of Molecular Medicine, Center for Genomics and Human Genetics, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research; J.M. Norris, PhD, Professor and Chair of Epidemiology, Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health; V.M. Holers, MD, Professor of Medicine, Chair of Rheumatology, Division of Rheumatology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus; K.D. Deane, MD, PhD, Associate Professor of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus; M.K. Demoruelle, MD, PhD, Assistant Professor of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus
| | - Kristen J Polinski
- From the Division of Rheumatology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora; Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora, Colorado; Division of Rheumatology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha; Division of Rheumatology, Veterans Affairs (VA) Nebraska Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, Nebraska; Department of Research, Inova Diagnostics, San Diego; Division of Rheumatology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles; Division of Rheumatology, Scripps Green Hospital, La Jolla, California; Department of Immunology, Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason, Seattle, Washington; Center for Genomics and Human Genetics, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, New York, USA.,H.M. Berens, MD, PhD, Rheumatology Fellow, Division of Rheumatology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus; K.J. Polinski, BS, PhD student, Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health; T.R. Mikuls, MD, MSPH, Professor of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, and Division of Rheumatology, VA Nebraska Western Iowa Health Care System; S. Khatter, MD, Resident, Division of Rheumatology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus; J. August, BS, Professional Research Assistant, Division of Rheumatology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus; A. Visser, BS, Professional Research Assistant, Division of Rheumatology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus; M. Mahler, PhD, Vice President of Research and Development, Department of Research, Inova Diagnostics; M.H. Weisman, MD, Professor of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center; J.R. O'Dell, MD, Professor and Vice Chair Internal Medicine, Chief of Rheumatology, Division of Rheumatology, University of Nebraska Medical Center; R.M. Keating, MD, Professor of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Scripps Green Hospital; J.H. Buckner, MD, President, Department of Immunology, Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason; P.K. Gregersen, MD, Professor of Molecular Medicine, Center for Genomics and Human Genetics, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research; J.M. Norris, PhD, Professor and Chair of Epidemiology, Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health; V.M. Holers, MD, Professor of Medicine, Chair of Rheumatology, Division of Rheumatology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus; K.D. Deane, MD, PhD, Associate Professor of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus; M.K. Demoruelle, MD, PhD, Assistant Professor of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus
| | - Ted R Mikuls
- From the Division of Rheumatology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora; Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora, Colorado; Division of Rheumatology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha; Division of Rheumatology, Veterans Affairs (VA) Nebraska Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, Nebraska; Department of Research, Inova Diagnostics, San Diego; Division of Rheumatology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles; Division of Rheumatology, Scripps Green Hospital, La Jolla, California; Department of Immunology, Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason, Seattle, Washington; Center for Genomics and Human Genetics, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, New York, USA.,H.M. Berens, MD, PhD, Rheumatology Fellow, Division of Rheumatology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus; K.J. Polinski, BS, PhD student, Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health; T.R. Mikuls, MD, MSPH, Professor of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, and Division of Rheumatology, VA Nebraska Western Iowa Health Care System; S. Khatter, MD, Resident, Division of Rheumatology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus; J. August, BS, Professional Research Assistant, Division of Rheumatology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus; A. Visser, BS, Professional Research Assistant, Division of Rheumatology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus; M. Mahler, PhD, Vice President of Research and Development, Department of Research, Inova Diagnostics; M.H. Weisman, MD, Professor of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center; J.R. O'Dell, MD, Professor and Vice Chair Internal Medicine, Chief of Rheumatology, Division of Rheumatology, University of Nebraska Medical Center; R.M. Keating, MD, Professor of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Scripps Green Hospital; J.H. Buckner, MD, President, Department of Immunology, Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason; P.K. Gregersen, MD, Professor of Molecular Medicine, Center for Genomics and Human Genetics, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research; J.M. Norris, PhD, Professor and Chair of Epidemiology, Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health; V.M. Holers, MD, Professor of Medicine, Chair of Rheumatology, Division of Rheumatology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus; K.D. Deane, MD, PhD, Associate Professor of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus; M.K. Demoruelle, MD, PhD, Assistant Professor of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus
| | - Sonia Khatter
- From the Division of Rheumatology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora; Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora, Colorado; Division of Rheumatology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha; Division of Rheumatology, Veterans Affairs (VA) Nebraska Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, Nebraska; Department of Research, Inova Diagnostics, San Diego; Division of Rheumatology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles; Division of Rheumatology, Scripps Green Hospital, La Jolla, California; Department of Immunology, Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason, Seattle, Washington; Center for Genomics and Human Genetics, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, New York, USA.,H.M. Berens, MD, PhD, Rheumatology Fellow, Division of Rheumatology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus; K.J. Polinski, BS, PhD student, Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health; T.R. Mikuls, MD, MSPH, Professor of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, and Division of Rheumatology, VA Nebraska Western Iowa Health Care System; S. Khatter, MD, Resident, Division of Rheumatology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus; J. August, BS, Professional Research Assistant, Division of Rheumatology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus; A. Visser, BS, Professional Research Assistant, Division of Rheumatology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus; M. Mahler, PhD, Vice President of Research and Development, Department of Research, Inova Diagnostics; M.H. Weisman, MD, Professor of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center; J.R. O'Dell, MD, Professor and Vice Chair Internal Medicine, Chief of Rheumatology, Division of Rheumatology, University of Nebraska Medical Center; R.M. Keating, MD, Professor of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Scripps Green Hospital; J.H. Buckner, MD, President, Department of Immunology, Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason; P.K. Gregersen, MD, Professor of Molecular Medicine, Center for Genomics and Human Genetics, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research; J.M. Norris, PhD, Professor and Chair of Epidemiology, Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health; V.M. Holers, MD, Professor of Medicine, Chair of Rheumatology, Division of Rheumatology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus; K.D. Deane, MD, PhD, Associate Professor of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus; M.K. Demoruelle, MD, PhD, Assistant Professor of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus
| | - Justin August
- From the Division of Rheumatology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora; Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora, Colorado; Division of Rheumatology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha; Division of Rheumatology, Veterans Affairs (VA) Nebraska Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, Nebraska; Department of Research, Inova Diagnostics, San Diego; Division of Rheumatology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles; Division of Rheumatology, Scripps Green Hospital, La Jolla, California; Department of Immunology, Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason, Seattle, Washington; Center for Genomics and Human Genetics, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, New York, USA.,H.M. Berens, MD, PhD, Rheumatology Fellow, Division of Rheumatology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus; K.J. Polinski, BS, PhD student, Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health; T.R. Mikuls, MD, MSPH, Professor of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, and Division of Rheumatology, VA Nebraska Western Iowa Health Care System; S. Khatter, MD, Resident, Division of Rheumatology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus; J. August, BS, Professional Research Assistant, Division of Rheumatology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus; A. Visser, BS, Professional Research Assistant, Division of Rheumatology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus; M. Mahler, PhD, Vice President of Research and Development, Department of Research, Inova Diagnostics; M.H. Weisman, MD, Professor of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center; J.R. O'Dell, MD, Professor and Vice Chair Internal Medicine, Chief of Rheumatology, Division of Rheumatology, University of Nebraska Medical Center; R.M. Keating, MD, Professor of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Scripps Green Hospital; J.H. Buckner, MD, President, Department of Immunology, Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason; P.K. Gregersen, MD, Professor of Molecular Medicine, Center for Genomics and Human Genetics, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research; J.M. Norris, PhD, Professor and Chair of Epidemiology, Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health; V.M. Holers, MD, Professor of Medicine, Chair of Rheumatology, Division of Rheumatology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus; K.D. Deane, MD, PhD, Associate Professor of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus; M.K. Demoruelle, MD, PhD, Assistant Professor of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus
| | - Ashley Visser
- From the Division of Rheumatology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora; Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora, Colorado; Division of Rheumatology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha; Division of Rheumatology, Veterans Affairs (VA) Nebraska Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, Nebraska; Department of Research, Inova Diagnostics, San Diego; Division of Rheumatology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles; Division of Rheumatology, Scripps Green Hospital, La Jolla, California; Department of Immunology, Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason, Seattle, Washington; Center for Genomics and Human Genetics, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, New York, USA.,H.M. Berens, MD, PhD, Rheumatology Fellow, Division of Rheumatology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus; K.J. Polinski, BS, PhD student, Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health; T.R. Mikuls, MD, MSPH, Professor of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, and Division of Rheumatology, VA Nebraska Western Iowa Health Care System; S. Khatter, MD, Resident, Division of Rheumatology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus; J. August, BS, Professional Research Assistant, Division of Rheumatology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus; A. Visser, BS, Professional Research Assistant, Division of Rheumatology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus; M. Mahler, PhD, Vice President of Research and Development, Department of Research, Inova Diagnostics; M.H. Weisman, MD, Professor of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center; J.R. O'Dell, MD, Professor and Vice Chair Internal Medicine, Chief of Rheumatology, Division of Rheumatology, University of Nebraska Medical Center; R.M. Keating, MD, Professor of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Scripps Green Hospital; J.H. Buckner, MD, President, Department of Immunology, Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason; P.K. Gregersen, MD, Professor of Molecular Medicine, Center for Genomics and Human Genetics, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research; J.M. Norris, PhD, Professor and Chair of Epidemiology, Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health; V.M. Holers, MD, Professor of Medicine, Chair of Rheumatology, Division of Rheumatology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus; K.D. Deane, MD, PhD, Associate Professor of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus; M.K. Demoruelle, MD, PhD, Assistant Professor of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus
| | - Michael Mahler
- From the Division of Rheumatology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora; Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora, Colorado; Division of Rheumatology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha; Division of Rheumatology, Veterans Affairs (VA) Nebraska Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, Nebraska; Department of Research, Inova Diagnostics, San Diego; Division of Rheumatology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles; Division of Rheumatology, Scripps Green Hospital, La Jolla, California; Department of Immunology, Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason, Seattle, Washington; Center for Genomics and Human Genetics, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, New York, USA.,H.M. Berens, MD, PhD, Rheumatology Fellow, Division of Rheumatology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus; K.J. Polinski, BS, PhD student, Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health; T.R. Mikuls, MD, MSPH, Professor of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, and Division of Rheumatology, VA Nebraska Western Iowa Health Care System; S. Khatter, MD, Resident, Division of Rheumatology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus; J. August, BS, Professional Research Assistant, Division of Rheumatology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus; A. Visser, BS, Professional Research Assistant, Division of Rheumatology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus; M. Mahler, PhD, Vice President of Research and Development, Department of Research, Inova Diagnostics; M.H. Weisman, MD, Professor of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center; J.R. O'Dell, MD, Professor and Vice Chair Internal Medicine, Chief of Rheumatology, Division of Rheumatology, University of Nebraska Medical Center; R.M. Keating, MD, Professor of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Scripps Green Hospital; J.H. Buckner, MD, President, Department of Immunology, Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason; P.K. Gregersen, MD, Professor of Molecular Medicine, Center for Genomics and Human Genetics, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research; J.M. Norris, PhD, Professor and Chair of Epidemiology, Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health; V.M. Holers, MD, Professor of Medicine, Chair of Rheumatology, Division of Rheumatology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus; K.D. Deane, MD, PhD, Associate Professor of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus; M.K. Demoruelle, MD, PhD, Assistant Professor of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus
| | - Michael H Weisman
- From the Division of Rheumatology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora; Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora, Colorado; Division of Rheumatology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha; Division of Rheumatology, Veterans Affairs (VA) Nebraska Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, Nebraska; Department of Research, Inova Diagnostics, San Diego; Division of Rheumatology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles; Division of Rheumatology, Scripps Green Hospital, La Jolla, California; Department of Immunology, Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason, Seattle, Washington; Center for Genomics and Human Genetics, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, New York, USA.,H.M. Berens, MD, PhD, Rheumatology Fellow, Division of Rheumatology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus; K.J. Polinski, BS, PhD student, Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health; T.R. Mikuls, MD, MSPH, Professor of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, and Division of Rheumatology, VA Nebraska Western Iowa Health Care System; S. Khatter, MD, Resident, Division of Rheumatology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus; J. August, BS, Professional Research Assistant, Division of Rheumatology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus; A. Visser, BS, Professional Research Assistant, Division of Rheumatology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus; M. Mahler, PhD, Vice President of Research and Development, Department of Research, Inova Diagnostics; M.H. Weisman, MD, Professor of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center; J.R. O'Dell, MD, Professor and Vice Chair Internal Medicine, Chief of Rheumatology, Division of Rheumatology, University of Nebraska Medical Center; R.M. Keating, MD, Professor of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Scripps Green Hospital; J.H. Buckner, MD, President, Department of Immunology, Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason; P.K. Gregersen, MD, Professor of Molecular Medicine, Center for Genomics and Human Genetics, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research; J.M. Norris, PhD, Professor and Chair of Epidemiology, Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health; V.M. Holers, MD, Professor of Medicine, Chair of Rheumatology, Division of Rheumatology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus; K.D. Deane, MD, PhD, Associate Professor of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus; M.K. Demoruelle, MD, PhD, Assistant Professor of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus
| | - James R O'Dell
- From the Division of Rheumatology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora; Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora, Colorado; Division of Rheumatology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha; Division of Rheumatology, Veterans Affairs (VA) Nebraska Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, Nebraska; Department of Research, Inova Diagnostics, San Diego; Division of Rheumatology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles; Division of Rheumatology, Scripps Green Hospital, La Jolla, California; Department of Immunology, Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason, Seattle, Washington; Center for Genomics and Human Genetics, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, New York, USA.,H.M. Berens, MD, PhD, Rheumatology Fellow, Division of Rheumatology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus; K.J. Polinski, BS, PhD student, Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health; T.R. Mikuls, MD, MSPH, Professor of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, and Division of Rheumatology, VA Nebraska Western Iowa Health Care System; S. Khatter, MD, Resident, Division of Rheumatology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus; J. August, BS, Professional Research Assistant, Division of Rheumatology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus; A. Visser, BS, Professional Research Assistant, Division of Rheumatology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus; M. Mahler, PhD, Vice President of Research and Development, Department of Research, Inova Diagnostics; M.H. Weisman, MD, Professor of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center; J.R. O'Dell, MD, Professor and Vice Chair Internal Medicine, Chief of Rheumatology, Division of Rheumatology, University of Nebraska Medical Center; R.M. Keating, MD, Professor of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Scripps Green Hospital; J.H. Buckner, MD, President, Department of Immunology, Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason; P.K. Gregersen, MD, Professor of Molecular Medicine, Center for Genomics and Human Genetics, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research; J.M. Norris, PhD, Professor and Chair of Epidemiology, Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health; V.M. Holers, MD, Professor of Medicine, Chair of Rheumatology, Division of Rheumatology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus; K.D. Deane, MD, PhD, Associate Professor of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus; M.K. Demoruelle, MD, PhD, Assistant Professor of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus
| | - Richard M Keating
- From the Division of Rheumatology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora; Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora, Colorado; Division of Rheumatology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha; Division of Rheumatology, Veterans Affairs (VA) Nebraska Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, Nebraska; Department of Research, Inova Diagnostics, San Diego; Division of Rheumatology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles; Division of Rheumatology, Scripps Green Hospital, La Jolla, California; Department of Immunology, Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason, Seattle, Washington; Center for Genomics and Human Genetics, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, New York, USA.,H.M. Berens, MD, PhD, Rheumatology Fellow, Division of Rheumatology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus; K.J. Polinski, BS, PhD student, Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health; T.R. Mikuls, MD, MSPH, Professor of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, and Division of Rheumatology, VA Nebraska Western Iowa Health Care System; S. Khatter, MD, Resident, Division of Rheumatology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus; J. August, BS, Professional Research Assistant, Division of Rheumatology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus; A. Visser, BS, Professional Research Assistant, Division of Rheumatology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus; M. Mahler, PhD, Vice President of Research and Development, Department of Research, Inova Diagnostics; M.H. Weisman, MD, Professor of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center; J.R. O'Dell, MD, Professor and Vice Chair Internal Medicine, Chief of Rheumatology, Division of Rheumatology, University of Nebraska Medical Center; R.M. Keating, MD, Professor of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Scripps Green Hospital; J.H. Buckner, MD, President, Department of Immunology, Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason; P.K. Gregersen, MD, Professor of Molecular Medicine, Center for Genomics and Human Genetics, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research; J.M. Norris, PhD, Professor and Chair of Epidemiology, Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health; V.M. Holers, MD, Professor of Medicine, Chair of Rheumatology, Division of Rheumatology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus; K.D. Deane, MD, PhD, Associate Professor of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus; M.K. Demoruelle, MD, PhD, Assistant Professor of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus
| | - Jane H Buckner
- From the Division of Rheumatology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora; Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora, Colorado; Division of Rheumatology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha; Division of Rheumatology, Veterans Affairs (VA) Nebraska Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, Nebraska; Department of Research, Inova Diagnostics, San Diego; Division of Rheumatology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles; Division of Rheumatology, Scripps Green Hospital, La Jolla, California; Department of Immunology, Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason, Seattle, Washington; Center for Genomics and Human Genetics, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, New York, USA.,H.M. Berens, MD, PhD, Rheumatology Fellow, Division of Rheumatology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus; K.J. Polinski, BS, PhD student, Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health; T.R. Mikuls, MD, MSPH, Professor of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, and Division of Rheumatology, VA Nebraska Western Iowa Health Care System; S. Khatter, MD, Resident, Division of Rheumatology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus; J. August, BS, Professional Research Assistant, Division of Rheumatology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus; A. Visser, BS, Professional Research Assistant, Division of Rheumatology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus; M. Mahler, PhD, Vice President of Research and Development, Department of Research, Inova Diagnostics; M.H. Weisman, MD, Professor of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center; J.R. O'Dell, MD, Professor and Vice Chair Internal Medicine, Chief of Rheumatology, Division of Rheumatology, University of Nebraska Medical Center; R.M. Keating, MD, Professor of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Scripps Green Hospital; J.H. Buckner, MD, President, Department of Immunology, Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason; P.K. Gregersen, MD, Professor of Molecular Medicine, Center for Genomics and Human Genetics, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research; J.M. Norris, PhD, Professor and Chair of Epidemiology, Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health; V.M. Holers, MD, Professor of Medicine, Chair of Rheumatology, Division of Rheumatology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus; K.D. Deane, MD, PhD, Associate Professor of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus; M.K. Demoruelle, MD, PhD, Assistant Professor of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus
| | - Peter K Gregersen
- From the Division of Rheumatology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora; Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora, Colorado; Division of Rheumatology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha; Division of Rheumatology, Veterans Affairs (VA) Nebraska Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, Nebraska; Department of Research, Inova Diagnostics, San Diego; Division of Rheumatology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles; Division of Rheumatology, Scripps Green Hospital, La Jolla, California; Department of Immunology, Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason, Seattle, Washington; Center for Genomics and Human Genetics, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, New York, USA.,H.M. Berens, MD, PhD, Rheumatology Fellow, Division of Rheumatology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus; K.J. Polinski, BS, PhD student, Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health; T.R. Mikuls, MD, MSPH, Professor of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, and Division of Rheumatology, VA Nebraska Western Iowa Health Care System; S. Khatter, MD, Resident, Division of Rheumatology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus; J. August, BS, Professional Research Assistant, Division of Rheumatology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus; A. Visser, BS, Professional Research Assistant, Division of Rheumatology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus; M. Mahler, PhD, Vice President of Research and Development, Department of Research, Inova Diagnostics; M.H. Weisman, MD, Professor of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center; J.R. O'Dell, MD, Professor and Vice Chair Internal Medicine, Chief of Rheumatology, Division of Rheumatology, University of Nebraska Medical Center; R.M. Keating, MD, Professor of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Scripps Green Hospital; J.H. Buckner, MD, President, Department of Immunology, Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason; P.K. Gregersen, MD, Professor of Molecular Medicine, Center for Genomics and Human Genetics, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research; J.M. Norris, PhD, Professor and Chair of Epidemiology, Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health; V.M. Holers, MD, Professor of Medicine, Chair of Rheumatology, Division of Rheumatology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus; K.D. Deane, MD, PhD, Associate Professor of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus; M.K. Demoruelle, MD, PhD, Assistant Professor of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus
| | - Jill M Norris
- From the Division of Rheumatology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora; Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora, Colorado; Division of Rheumatology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha; Division of Rheumatology, Veterans Affairs (VA) Nebraska Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, Nebraska; Department of Research, Inova Diagnostics, San Diego; Division of Rheumatology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles; Division of Rheumatology, Scripps Green Hospital, La Jolla, California; Department of Immunology, Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason, Seattle, Washington; Center for Genomics and Human Genetics, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, New York, USA.,H.M. Berens, MD, PhD, Rheumatology Fellow, Division of Rheumatology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus; K.J. Polinski, BS, PhD student, Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health; T.R. Mikuls, MD, MSPH, Professor of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, and Division of Rheumatology, VA Nebraska Western Iowa Health Care System; S. Khatter, MD, Resident, Division of Rheumatology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus; J. August, BS, Professional Research Assistant, Division of Rheumatology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus; A. Visser, BS, Professional Research Assistant, Division of Rheumatology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus; M. Mahler, PhD, Vice President of Research and Development, Department of Research, Inova Diagnostics; M.H. Weisman, MD, Professor of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center; J.R. O'Dell, MD, Professor and Vice Chair Internal Medicine, Chief of Rheumatology, Division of Rheumatology, University of Nebraska Medical Center; R.M. Keating, MD, Professor of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Scripps Green Hospital; J.H. Buckner, MD, President, Department of Immunology, Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason; P.K. Gregersen, MD, Professor of Molecular Medicine, Center for Genomics and Human Genetics, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research; J.M. Norris, PhD, Professor and Chair of Epidemiology, Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health; V.M. Holers, MD, Professor of Medicine, Chair of Rheumatology, Division of Rheumatology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus; K.D. Deane, MD, PhD, Associate Professor of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus; M.K. Demoruelle, MD, PhD, Assistant Professor of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus
| | - V Michael Holers
- From the Division of Rheumatology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora; Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora, Colorado; Division of Rheumatology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha; Division of Rheumatology, Veterans Affairs (VA) Nebraska Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, Nebraska; Department of Research, Inova Diagnostics, San Diego; Division of Rheumatology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles; Division of Rheumatology, Scripps Green Hospital, La Jolla, California; Department of Immunology, Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason, Seattle, Washington; Center for Genomics and Human Genetics, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, New York, USA.,H.M. Berens, MD, PhD, Rheumatology Fellow, Division of Rheumatology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus; K.J. Polinski, BS, PhD student, Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health; T.R. Mikuls, MD, MSPH, Professor of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, and Division of Rheumatology, VA Nebraska Western Iowa Health Care System; S. Khatter, MD, Resident, Division of Rheumatology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus; J. August, BS, Professional Research Assistant, Division of Rheumatology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus; A. Visser, BS, Professional Research Assistant, Division of Rheumatology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus; M. Mahler, PhD, Vice President of Research and Development, Department of Research, Inova Diagnostics; M.H. Weisman, MD, Professor of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center; J.R. O'Dell, MD, Professor and Vice Chair Internal Medicine, Chief of Rheumatology, Division of Rheumatology, University of Nebraska Medical Center; R.M. Keating, MD, Professor of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Scripps Green Hospital; J.H. Buckner, MD, President, Department of Immunology, Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason; P.K. Gregersen, MD, Professor of Molecular Medicine, Center for Genomics and Human Genetics, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research; J.M. Norris, PhD, Professor and Chair of Epidemiology, Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health; V.M. Holers, MD, Professor of Medicine, Chair of Rheumatology, Division of Rheumatology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus; K.D. Deane, MD, PhD, Associate Professor of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus; M.K. Demoruelle, MD, PhD, Assistant Professor of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus
| | - Kevin D Deane
- From the Division of Rheumatology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora; Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora, Colorado; Division of Rheumatology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha; Division of Rheumatology, Veterans Affairs (VA) Nebraska Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, Nebraska; Department of Research, Inova Diagnostics, San Diego; Division of Rheumatology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles; Division of Rheumatology, Scripps Green Hospital, La Jolla, California; Department of Immunology, Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason, Seattle, Washington; Center for Genomics and Human Genetics, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, New York, USA.,H.M. Berens, MD, PhD, Rheumatology Fellow, Division of Rheumatology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus; K.J. Polinski, BS, PhD student, Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health; T.R. Mikuls, MD, MSPH, Professor of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, and Division of Rheumatology, VA Nebraska Western Iowa Health Care System; S. Khatter, MD, Resident, Division of Rheumatology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus; J. August, BS, Professional Research Assistant, Division of Rheumatology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus; A. Visser, BS, Professional Research Assistant, Division of Rheumatology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus; M. Mahler, PhD, Vice President of Research and Development, Department of Research, Inova Diagnostics; M.H. Weisman, MD, Professor of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center; J.R. O'Dell, MD, Professor and Vice Chair Internal Medicine, Chief of Rheumatology, Division of Rheumatology, University of Nebraska Medical Center; R.M. Keating, MD, Professor of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Scripps Green Hospital; J.H. Buckner, MD, President, Department of Immunology, Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason; P.K. Gregersen, MD, Professor of Molecular Medicine, Center for Genomics and Human Genetics, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research; J.M. Norris, PhD, Professor and Chair of Epidemiology, Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health; V.M. Holers, MD, Professor of Medicine, Chair of Rheumatology, Division of Rheumatology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus; K.D. Deane, MD, PhD, Associate Professor of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus; M.K. Demoruelle, MD, PhD, Assistant Professor of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus
| | - M Kristen Demoruelle
- From the Division of Rheumatology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora; Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora, Colorado; Division of Rheumatology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha; Division of Rheumatology, Veterans Affairs (VA) Nebraska Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, Nebraska; Department of Research, Inova Diagnostics, San Diego; Division of Rheumatology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles; Division of Rheumatology, Scripps Green Hospital, La Jolla, California; Department of Immunology, Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason, Seattle, Washington; Center for Genomics and Human Genetics, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, New York, USA. .,H.M. Berens, MD, PhD, Rheumatology Fellow, Division of Rheumatology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus; K.J. Polinski, BS, PhD student, Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health; T.R. Mikuls, MD, MSPH, Professor of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, and Division of Rheumatology, VA Nebraska Western Iowa Health Care System; S. Khatter, MD, Resident, Division of Rheumatology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus; J. August, BS, Professional Research Assistant, Division of Rheumatology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus; A. Visser, BS, Professional Research Assistant, Division of Rheumatology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus; M. Mahler, PhD, Vice President of Research and Development, Department of Research, Inova Diagnostics; M.H. Weisman, MD, Professor of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center; J.R. O'Dell, MD, Professor and Vice Chair Internal Medicine, Chief of Rheumatology, Division of Rheumatology, University of Nebraska Medical Center; R.M. Keating, MD, Professor of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Scripps Green Hospital; J.H. Buckner, MD, President, Department of Immunology, Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason; P.K. Gregersen, MD, Professor of Molecular Medicine, Center for Genomics and Human Genetics, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research; J.M. Norris, PhD, Professor and Chair of Epidemiology, Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health; V.M. Holers, MD, Professor of Medicine, Chair of Rheumatology, Division of Rheumatology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus; K.D. Deane, MD, PhD, Associate Professor of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus; M.K. Demoruelle, MD, PhD, Assistant Professor of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus.
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Fibrosis: Lessons from OMICS analyses of the human lung. Matrix Biol 2018; 68-69:422-434. [PMID: 29567123 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2018.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Revised: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 03/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
In recent decades there has been a significant shift in our understanding of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), a progressive and lethal disorder. While initially much of the mechanistic understanding was derived from hypotheses generated from animal models of disease, in recent decades new insights derived from humans with IPF have taken precedence. This is mainly because of the establishment of large collections of IPF lung tissues and patient cohorts, and the emergence of high throughput profiling technologies collectively termed 'omics' technologies based on their shared suffix. In this review we describe impacts of 'omics' analyses of human IPF samples on our understanding of the disease. In particular, we discuss the results of genomics and transcriptomics studies, as well as proteomics, epigenomics and metabolomics. We then describe how these findings can be integrated in a modified paradigm of human idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, that introduces the 'hallmarks of aging' as a central theme in the IPF lung. This allows resolution of all the disparate cellular and molecular features in IPF, from the central role of epithelial cells, through the dramatic phenotypic alterations observed in fibroblasts and the numerous aberrations that inflammatory cells exhibit. We end with reiterating a call for renewed efforts to collect and analyze carefully characterized human tissues, in ways that would facilitate implementation of novel technologies for high resolution single cell omics profiling.
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The Role of Immunosenescence in Neurodegenerative Diseases. Mediators Inflamm 2018; 2018:6039171. [PMID: 29706800 PMCID: PMC5863336 DOI: 10.1155/2018/6039171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Revised: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is characterized by the progressive decline of physiological function and tissue homeostasis leading to increased vulnerability, degeneration, and death. Aging-related changes of the innate and adaptive immune system include decline in the preservation and enhancement of many immune functions, such as changes in the number of circulating monocytic and dendritic cells, thymic involution, T cell polyfunctionality, or production of proinflammatory cytokines, and are defined as immunosenescence. Inflammatory functions are increased with age, causing the chronic low-grade inflammation, referred to as inflamm-aging, that contribute, together with immunosenescence, to neurodegenerative diseases. In this review, we discuss the link between the immune and nervous systems and how the immunosenescence and inflamm-aging can contribute to neurodegenerative diseases.
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