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Sangiorgio G, Calvo M, Migliorisi G, Campanile F, Stefani S. The Impact of Enterococcus spp. in the Immunocompromised Host: A Comprehensive Review. Pathogens 2024; 13:409. [PMID: 38787261 PMCID: PMC11124283 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens13050409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2024] [Revised: 05/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The immunocompromised host is usually vulnerable to infectious diseases due to broad-spectrum treatments and immunological dysregulation. The Enterococcus genus consists of normal gut commensals, which acquire a leading role in infective processes among individuals with compromised immune systems. These microorganisms may express a potential virulence and resistance spectrum, enabling their function as severe pathogens. The Enterococcus spp. infections in immunocompromised hosts appear to be difficult to resolve due to the immunological response impairment and the possibility of facing antimicrobial-resistant strains. As regards the related risk factors, several data demonstrated that prior antibiotic exposure, medical device insertion, prolonged hospitalization and surgical interventions may lead to Enterococcus overgrowth, antibiotic resistance and spread among critical healthcare settings. Herein, we present a comprehensive review of Enterococcus spp. in the immunocompromised host, summarizing the available knowledge about virulence factors, antimicrobial-resistance mechanisms and host-pathogen interaction. The review ultimately yearns for more substantial support to further investigations about enterococcal infections and immunocompromised host response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Sangiorgio
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia 97, 95123 Catania, Italy; (F.C.); (S.S.)
| | - Maddalena Calvo
- U.O.C. Laboratory Analysis Unit, University Hospital Policlinico-San Marco, Via Santa Sofia 78, 95123 Catania, Italy; (M.C.); (G.M.)
| | - Giuseppe Migliorisi
- U.O.C. Laboratory Analysis Unit, University Hospital Policlinico-San Marco, Via Santa Sofia 78, 95123 Catania, Italy; (M.C.); (G.M.)
| | - Floriana Campanile
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia 97, 95123 Catania, Italy; (F.C.); (S.S.)
| | - Stefania Stefani
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia 97, 95123 Catania, Italy; (F.C.); (S.S.)
- U.O.C. Laboratory Analysis Unit, University Hospital Policlinico-San Marco, Via Santa Sofia 78, 95123 Catania, Italy; (M.C.); (G.M.)
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Friedrich F, Hinz A, Bjelopavlovic M, Brähler E, Petrowski K. Chronic stress in old age: Psychometric properties of the Trier Inventory of Chronic Stress (TICS), based on a general population sample aged 60 and over. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2024; 116:105138. [PMID: 37542915 DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2023.105138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic stress results from an imbalance of personal traits, resources and the demands placed upon an individual by social and occupational situations. This chronic stress can be measured using the Trier Inventory for Chronic Stress (TICS). The aims of the present study are to test the factorial structure of the TICS in a sample of elderly people, report its psychometric properties, and give norm values for elderly individuals. METHODS The TICS was answered by N = 790 healthy participants aged 60 to 99 years. The sample was selected by random-route sampling. Confirmatory factor analyses applying Robust Maximum Likelihood estimations (MLM) tested model fit and factorial structure. Reliability estimations and norm values are reported. RESULTS Confirmatory factor analyses replicate the reported nine-factor as well as the higher-order two-factor solution. Additionally, a general one-factor model was identified. All models provide acceptable model fit, with model comparison fit statistics corroborating the superiority of the nine-factor model. Reliability coefficients were good to very good. CONCLUSION The TICS can now also be used reliably in samples with elderly people. Its proposed nine-factor structure could be factorially validated and results in good scale reliability. Norm values for an elderly sample are now available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Friedrich
- University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Department of Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, Duesbergweg 6, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Andreas Hinz
- University of Leipzig, Department of Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, Philipp-Rosenthal-Strasse 55, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Monika Bjelopavlovic
- University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University of Mainz, Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Augustusplatz 2, D-55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Elmar Brähler
- University of Leipzig, Behavioral Medicine, Semmelweisstr. 10, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany; University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Untere Zahlbacher Straße 8, D-55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Katja Petrowski
- University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Department of Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, Duesbergweg 6, D-55128 Mainz, Germany; Dresden University of Technology, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Department of General Practice/MK3, Fetscherstrasse 74, D-01307 Dresden, Germany
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van Sleen Y, Shetty SA, van der Heiden M, Venema MCA, Gutiérrez-Melo N, Toonen EJM, van Beek J, Buisman AM, van Baarle D, Sauce D. Frailty is related to serum inflammageing markers: results from the VITAL study. Immun Ageing 2023; 20:68. [PMID: 38012652 PMCID: PMC10680197 DOI: 10.1186/s12979-023-00391-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Frailty describes an age-associated state in individuals with an increased vulnerability and less resilience against adverse outcomes. To score frailty, studies have employed the questionnaires, such as the SF-36 and EQ-5D-3L, or the Frailty Index, a composite score based on deficit accumulation. Furthermore, ageing of the immune system is often accompanied by a state of low-grade inflammation (inflammageing). Here, we aimed to associate 29 circulating markers of inflammageing with frailty measures in a prospective cohort study to understand the mechanisms underlying ageing.Frailty measures and inflammageing markers were assessed in 317 participants aged 25-90. We determined four different measures of frailty: the Frailty Index based on 31 deficits, the EQ-5D-3L and two physical domains of the SF-36. Serum/plasma levels of inflammageing markers and CMV/EBV seropositivity were measured using different techniques: Quanterix, Luminex or ELISA.All four measures of frailty strongly correlated with age and BMI. Nineteen biomarkers correlated with age, some in a linear fashion (IL-6, YKL-40), some only in the oldest age brackets (CRP), and some increased at younger ages and then plateaued (CCL2, sIL-6R). After correcting for age, biomarkers, such as IL-6, CRP, IL-1RA, YKL-40 and elastase, were associated with frailty. When corrected for BMI, the number of associations reduced further.In conclusion, inflammageing markers, particularly markers reflecting innate immune activation, are related to frailty. These findings indicate that health decline and the accumulation of deficits with age is accompanied with a low-grade inflammation which can be detected by specific inflammatory markers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Nicolas Gutiérrez-Melo
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Centre d'Immunologie Et Des Maladies Infectieuses, Cimi-Paris, 75013, Paris, France
| | | | - Josine van Beek
- Center of Infectious Diseases Control, National Institute of Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, Netherlands
| | - Anne-Marie Buisman
- Center of Infectious Diseases Control, National Institute of Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, Netherlands
| | | | - Delphine Sauce
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Centre d'Immunologie Et Des Maladies Infectieuses, Cimi-Paris, 75013, Paris, France
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Royer L, Chauvin M, Dhiab J, Pedruzzi E, Boddaert J, Sauce D, Vallet H. Expression of immune checkpoint on subset of monocytes in old patients. Exp Gerontol 2023; 181:112267. [PMID: 37562546 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2023.112267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immune checkpoints and their ligands are important actors of lymphocytes and monocytes activation's regulation. Their expression level within T cells changes with aging. Despite the major impact of aging on monocytes, there is no data about the expression of ICs on monocytes from old patients. The objective of our study is to describe the expression of ICs and their ligands on monocytes from young individuals compared to old patients. METHODS We included 18 old control (>75 years old), 10 young control (<55 years old) and 45 old patients with hip fracture (HF). Phenotypical and functional analyses were performed on cryopreserved PBMCs. RESULTS There is a differential expression of immune checkpoints and their ligands within monocyte subtypes regardless of age at baseline. After stimulation, a differential expression of immune checkpoints in young subjects but not in old subjects was observed which would be in favor of a regulation defect in old subjects. We hypothesize that this lack of regulation could partially explain the excess production of pro-inflammatory cytokines by the stimulated monocytes in old subjects. In HF, we also observe a differential expression of immune checkpoints, especially in old patients with a poor prognosis. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that the immune regulation which should take place post-acute stress may be affected in old individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Royer
- Sorbonne Université, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), UMRS 1135, Centre d'immunologie et de Maladies Infectieuses (CIMI), France; Department of Geriatrics, Saint Antoine hospital, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), F75012 Paris, France
| | - Manon Chauvin
- Sorbonne Université, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), UMRS 1135, Centre d'immunologie et de Maladies Infectieuses (CIMI), France
| | - Jamila Dhiab
- Sorbonne Université, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), UMRS 1135, Centre d'immunologie et de Maladies Infectieuses (CIMI), France
| | - Eric Pedruzzi
- Sorbonne Université, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), UMRS 1135, Centre d'immunologie et de Maladies Infectieuses (CIMI), France
| | - Jacques Boddaert
- Sorbonne Université, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), UMRS 1135, Centre d'immunologie et de Maladies Infectieuses (CIMI), France; Department of Geriatrics, Pitié Salpêtrière Hospital, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), F75012 Paris, France
| | - Delphine Sauce
- Sorbonne Université, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), UMRS 1135, Centre d'immunologie et de Maladies Infectieuses (CIMI), France
| | - Hélène Vallet
- Sorbonne Université, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), UMRS 1135, Centre d'immunologie et de Maladies Infectieuses (CIMI), France; Department of Geriatrics, Saint Antoine hospital, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), F75012 Paris, France.
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Allostatic Load as an Insight into the Psychological Burden after Primary Treatment in Women with Breast Cancer: Influence of Physical Side Effects and Pain Perception. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11082144. [PMID: 35456237 PMCID: PMC9031666 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11082144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) diagnosis and treatment have become a cumulative long-standing chronic disease impairment, causing stress and turning into an allostatic load (AL) framework. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between physical issues and mental health in patients with BC after medical treatment. We conducted an observational study of 61 female patients with BC, and clinical and psychological markers have been detected. We conducted descriptive statistics, ANOVA analyses, correlations, and mediation analyses to verify the effect of the comorbidity index on psychological dimensions. The findings showed high levels of distress and moderate pain, and 32.8% of the patients showed moderate physical impairment. Significant effects of “age” and “physical issues” were found. The adult group reported a higher incidence of physical issues, and the group of patients reporting moderate physical impairment seemed more depressed than patients with mild physical issues. Finally, the comorbidity condition mediated the presence of signs of depression. Patients with BC seemed to experience negative emotions related to comorbidities associated with compromised activities of daily living. Our findings highlighted allostatic overload as a predictive framework to better understand the mental health of women with BC diagnoses to tailor effective psychological treatments for enhanced recovery.
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Lidou-Renault V, Baudouin E, Courtois-Amiot P, Bianco C, Esnault H, Rouet A, Baque M, Tomeo C, Rainone A, Thietart S, Veber R, Ayache C, Pepin M, Lafuente-Lafuente C, Duron E, Cailleaux PE, Haguenauer D, Lemarié N, Paillaud E, Raynaud-Simon A, Thomas C, Boddaert J, Zerah L, Vallet H. Corticosteroid therapy in COVID-19 associated with in-hospital mortality in geriatric patients: a propensity matched cohort study. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2022; 77:1352-1360. [PMID: 35395678 PMCID: PMC9129112 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glac084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Few data are available on the prognosis of older patients who received corticosteroids for COVID-19. We aimed to compare the in-hospital mortality of geriatric patients hospitalized for COVID-19 who received corticosteroids or not. Methods We conducted a multicentric retrospective cohort study in 15 acute COVID-19 geriatric wards in the Paris area from March to April 2020 and November 2020 to May 2021. We included all consecutive patients aged 70 years and older who were hospitalized with confirmed COVID-19 in these wards. Propensity score and multivariate analyses were used. Results Of the 1 579 patients included (535 received corticosteroids), the median age was 86 (interquartile range 81–91) years, 56% of patients were female, the median Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) was 2.6 (interquartile range 1–4), and 64% of patients were frail (Clinical Frailty Score 5–9). The propensity score analysis paired 984 patients (492 with and without corticosteroids). The in-hospital mortality was 32.3% in the matched cohort. On multivariate analysis, the probability of in-hospital mortality was increased with corticosteroid use (odds ratio [OR] = 2.61 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.63–4.20]). Other factors associated with in-hospital mortality were age (OR = 1.04 [1.01–1.07], CCI (OR = 1.18 [1.07–1.29], activities of daily living (OR = 0.85 [0.75–0.95], oxygen saturation < 90% on room air (OR = 2.15 [1.45–3.17], C-reactive protein level (OR = 2.06 [1.69–2.51], and lowest lymphocyte count (OR = 0.49 [0.38–0.63]). Among the 535 patients who received corticosteroids, 68.3% had at least one corticosteroid side effect, including delirium (32.9%), secondary infections (32.7%), and decompensated diabetes (14.4%). Conclusions In this multicentric matched-cohort study of geriatric patients hospitalized for COVID-19, the use of corticosteroids was significantly associated with in-hospital mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Pauline Courtois-Amiot
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP), Université de Paris, Hôpital Bichat, Department of Geriatric Medicine, Paris, France
| | - Celine Bianco
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP), Sorbonne Université, Hôpital Saint Antoine, Department of Geriatric Medicine, Paris, France
| | - Hélène Esnault
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP), Université de Paris, Hôpital Bichat, Department of Geriatric Medicine, Paris, France
| | - Audrey Rouet
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP), Sorbonne Université, Hôpital Tenon, Department of Geriatric Medicine, Paris, France
| | - Margaux Baque
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP), Sorbonne Université, Hôpital Saint Antoine, Department of Geriatric Medicine, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM UMR1135, Centre d’immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses, Paris, France
| | - Charlotte Tomeo
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP), Sorbonne Université, Hôpital Rothschild, Department of Geriatric Medicine, Paris, France
| | - Antonio Rainone
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP), Sorbonne Université, Hôpital Charles Foix, Department of Geriatric Medicine, Ivry Sur Seine, France
| | - Sara Thietart
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP), Sorbonne Université, Hôpital Pitié Salpêtrière, Department of Geriatric Medicine, Paris, France
| | - Romain Veber
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP), Sorbonne Université, Hôpital Rothschild, Department of Geriatric Medicine, Paris, France
| | - Clementine Ayache
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP), Sorbonne Université, Hôpital Rothschild, Department of Geriatric Medicine, Paris, France
| | - Marion Pepin
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP), Hôpital Ambroise Paré, Department of Geriatric Medicine, Boulogne, Billancourt, France
- Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin en Yvelines, Université Paris-Saclay, INSERM, CESP, Clinical Epidemiology, Villejuif, France
| | - Carmelo Lafuente-Lafuente
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP), Sorbonne Université, Hôpital Charles Foix, Department of Geriatric Medicine, Ivry Sur Seine, France
| | - Emmanuelle Duron
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP), University hospital of Paris-Saclay, Department of Geriatric Medicine, Paul Brousse Hospital, Villejuif, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, INSERM 1178, CESP, Équipe MOODS, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Pierre-Emmanuel Cailleaux
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP), Hôpital Louis Mourier, Department of Geriatric Medicine, Colombes, France
| | - Didier Haguenauer
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP), Hôpital Louis Mourier, Department of Geriatric Medicine, Colombes, France
| | - Nadège Lemarié
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP), Sorbonne Université, Hôpital Tenon, Department of Geriatric Medicine, Paris, France
| | - Elena Paillaud
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP), Université de Paris, Paris Cancer Institute CARPEM, Department of Geriatric Medicine, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Paris, France
| | - Agathe Raynaud-Simon
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP), Université de Paris, Hôpital Bichat, Department of Geriatric Medicine, Paris, France
| | - Caroline Thomas
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP), Sorbonne Université, Hôpital Saint Antoine, Department of Geriatric Medicine, Paris, France
| | - Jacques Boddaert
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM UMR1135, Centre d’immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses, Paris, France
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP), Sorbonne Université, Hôpital Pitié Salpêtrière, Department of Geriatric Medicine, Paris, France
| | - Lorène Zerah
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP), Sorbonne Université, Hôpital Pitié Salpêtrière, Department of Geriatric Medicine, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis d’Épidémiologie et de Santé Publique, IPLESP, Paris, France
| | - Hélène Vallet
- Address correspondence to: Hélène Vallet, MD, PhD, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP), Sorbonne Université, Hôpital Saint Antoine, Department of Geriatric Medicine, 184 rue du Faubourg Saint Antoine, Paris 75012, France. E-mail:
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Zhvania M, Japaridze N, Tizabi Y, Sharikadze I, Pochkhidze N, Cheishvili L. Anxiety and ultrastructural consequences of chronic mild stress in rats. Neurosci Lett 2021; 771:136390. [PMID: 34896437 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2021.136390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/05/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Detrimental consequences following exposure to severe stress, either acute or chronic are well recognized. Chronic mild stress (CMS) is also a leading cause of emotional distress and neuropsychiatric conditions such as anxiety disorders. However, the neurobiological substrates of the latter, particularly at the ultrastructural levels have not been adequately investigated. In this study, adult male Wistar rats were subjected to 4 h daily mild restraint for 20 days and their behavior in open field and elevated plus maze (EPM) were evaluated 24 h after the last restraint. Anxiety-like behavior was evident in CMS exposed rats by increases in rearing and grooming in the open field and the avoidance of open arms in the EPM. Concomitant ultrastructural alterations such as chromatolysis, agglutination of synaptic vesicles or mitochondrial damage were also observed in the central nucleus of amygdala (CNA), an area intimately involved in emotional and fear response, in CMS exposed rats. These results while confirming detrimental consequences of CMS, also suggest that ultrastructural alterations in CNA may be a basis for CMS-induced anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mzia Zhvania
- School of Natural Sciences and Medicine, Ilia State University. 3/5 K. Cholokashvili Avenue, Tbilisi 0162, Georgia; Department of Brain Ultrastructure and Nanoarchitecture I. Beritashvili Center of Experimental Biomedicine. 14 Gotua Street, Tbilisi 0160, Georgia.
| | - Nadezhda Japaridze
- Department of Brain Ultrastructure and Nanoarchitecture I. Beritashvili Center of Experimental Biomedicine. 14 Gotua Street, Tbilisi 0160, Georgia; School of Medicine, New Vision University. 1A Evgeni Mikeladze Street, Tbilisi 0159, Georgia
| | - Yousef Tizabi
- Department of Pharmacology, Howard University College of Medicine, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Irina Sharikadze
- School of Natural Sciences and Medicine, Ilia State University. 3/5 K. Cholokashvili Avenue, Tbilisi 0162, Georgia
| | - Nino Pochkhidze
- School of Natural Sciences and Medicine, Ilia State University. 3/5 K. Cholokashvili Avenue, Tbilisi 0162, Georgia; Department of Brain Ultrastructure and Nanoarchitecture I. Beritashvili Center of Experimental Biomedicine. 14 Gotua Street, Tbilisi 0160, Georgia
| | - Levan Cheishvili
- School of Natural Sciences and Medicine, Ilia State University. 3/5 K. Cholokashvili Avenue, Tbilisi 0162, Georgia
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Case Report: Acute Retinal Necrosis after Intravitreal Ranibizumab for Exudative Macular Degeneration. Optom Vis Sci 2021; 98:206-211. [PMID: 33633018 DOI: 10.1097/opx.0000000000001649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Acute retinal necrosis (ARN) may occur after intravitreal ranibizumab (IVR) treatment for patients with exudative age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Awareness of this unusual but devastating complication after IVR is needed. Early identification may help provide timely antiviral treatment and prevent irreversible visual loss. PURPOSE This study aimed to report a case of ARN after IVR in a patient with exudative AMD. CASE REPORT A 67-year-old male patient complained of blurred vision in his left eye for 1 month. The patient was diagnosed with exudative AMD after detailed ophthalmic clinical evaluations. He received IVR once in his left eye. Three days after IVR, he developed varicella-zoster virus-associated ARN, which was treated with systemic and intravitreal antiviral therapy. Because of progressive inflammation, the patient underwent 25G pars plana vitrectomy with silicone oil tamponade. Seven months later, the patient was administered intravitreal aflibercept once in his left eye. Three months after intravitreal aflibercept, he underwent removal of silicone oil, and retinal detachment occurred 2 weeks after the surgery because of low IOP, and the patient eventually discontinued treatment. CONCLUSIONS This study reports the first case of varicella-zoster virus-associated ARN after IVR. Early ARN may be very difficult to distinguish from intraocular inflammation after IVR. Therefore, early detection of viral DNA in the intraocular fluid using polymerase chain reaction is recommended. Immediate antiviral treatment may be beneficial to prevent severe visual loss.
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Athanasopoulou S, Simos D, Charalampopoulou M, Tentolouris N, Kokkinos A, Bacopoulou F, Aggelopoulou E, Zigkiri E, Chrousos GP, Darviri C, Gonos ES. Significant improvement of stress and aging biomarkers using a novel stress management program with the cognitive restructuring method "Pythagorean Self-Awareness Intervention" in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and healthy adults. Mech Ageing Dev 2021; 198:111538. [PMID: 34217756 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2021.111538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Stress accelerates aging by affecting relevant cellular pathways including, among others, leucocyte telomere length (LTL) and proteasome levels. Their impaired function underlies several age-related and non-communicable conditions, such as type 2 diabetes mellitus. The aim of the present study was to investigate, for the first time, the dynamics of stress-related aging factors in the frame of a novel stress-management technique, the Pythagorean Self Awareness Intervention (PSAI), in healthy volunteers and adults with type 2 diabetes. To this end a cohort of 311 healthy volunteers was initially studied and LTL and proteasome levels were analysed in a subgroup of healthy volunteers and adults with type 2 diabetes who were enrolled in the PSAI, with regards to specific physio- and psychometric characteristics of the participants (baseline and post-intervention). We have found a significant improvement of aging biomarkers and of psycho-/bio-factors in all participants. More specifically, post-intervention, both healthy adults and patients with type 2 diabetes demonstrated improved LTL and proteasome levels. Significant improvements were also observed in psychometric, anthropometric and key metabolic features as well as in hair cortisol. In conclusion our results highlighted potential key targets of such interventions and prognostic tools for the assessment of aging pace in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia Athanasopoulou
- Institute of Chemical Biology, National Hellenic Research Foundation (NHRF), Athens, 11635, Greece; Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Larisa, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Simos
- Postgraduate Course Stress Management and Health Promotion, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, 11527, Greece
| | - Maria Charalampopoulou
- Postgraduate Course Stress Management and Health Promotion, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, 11527, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Tentolouris
- Diabetes Center, First Department of Propaedeutic Internal Medicine, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laiko General Hospital, Athens, 11527, Greece
| | - Alexandros Kokkinos
- Diabetes Center, First Department of Propaedeutic Internal Medicine, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laiko General Hospital, Athens, 11527, Greece
| | - Flora Bacopoulou
- Postgraduate Course Stress Management and Health Promotion, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, 11527, Greece; Center for Adolescent Medicine and UNESCO Chair on Adolescent Health Care, First Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Aghia Sophia Children's Hospital, Athens, 11527, Greece; University Research Institute of Maternal and Child Health and Precision Medicine, and UNESCO Chair on Adolescent Health Care, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Aghia Sophia Children's Hospital, Athens, 11527, Greece
| | - Elena Aggelopoulou
- Postgraduate Course Stress Management and Health Promotion, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, 11527, Greece
| | - Eleni Zigkiri
- Postgraduate Course Stress Management and Health Promotion, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, 11527, Greece
| | - George P Chrousos
- Postgraduate Course Stress Management and Health Promotion, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, 11527, Greece; University Research Institute of Maternal and Child Health and Precision Medicine, and UNESCO Chair on Adolescent Health Care, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Aghia Sophia Children's Hospital, Athens, 11527, Greece; Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, 11527, Greece.
| | - Christina Darviri
- Postgraduate Course Stress Management and Health Promotion, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, 11527, Greece.
| | - Efstathios S Gonos
- Institute of Chemical Biology, National Hellenic Research Foundation (NHRF), Athens, 11635, Greece.
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10
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Lv L, Mu D, Du Y, Yan R, Jiang H. Mechanism of the Immunomodulatory Effect of the Combination of Live Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus, Enterococcus, and Bacillus on Immunocompromised Rats. Front Immunol 2021; 12:694344. [PMID: 34211480 PMCID: PMC8239396 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.694344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunodeficiency is a very common condition in suboptimal health status and during the development or treatment of many diseases. Recently, probiotics have become an important means for immune regulation. The present study aimed to investigate the mechanism of the immunomodulatory effect of a combination of live Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus, Enterococcus, and Bacillus (CBLEB), which is a drug used by approximately 10 million patients every year, on cyclophosphamide-immunosuppressed rats. Cyclophosphamide (40 mg/kg) was intraperitoneally injected to induce immunosuppression in a rat model on days 1, 2, 3, and 10. Starting from day 4, the rats were continuously gavaged with CBLEB solution for 15 days. The samples were collected to determine routine blood test parameters, liver and kidney functions, serum cytokine levels, gut microbiota, fecal and serum metabolomes, transcriptomes, and histopathological features. The results indicated that CBLEB treatment reduced cyclophosphamide-induced death, weight loss, and damage to the gut, liver, spleen, and lungs and eliminated a cyclophosphamide-induced increase in the mean hemoglobin content and GGT, M-CSF, and MIP-3α levels and a decrease in the red blood cell distribution width and total protein and creatinine levels in the blood. Additionally, CBLEB corrected cyclophosphamide-induced dysbiosis of the gut microbiota and eliminated all cyclophosphamide-induced alterations at the phylum level in rat feces, including the enrichment in Proteobacteria, Fusobacteriota, and Actinobacteriota and depletion of Spirochaetota and Cyanobacteria. Furthermore, CBLEB treatment alleviated cyclophosphamide-induced alterations in the whole fecal metabolome profile, including enrichment in 1-heptadecanol, succinic acid, hexadecane-1,2-diol, nonadecanoic acid, and pentadecanoic acid and depletion of benzenepropanoic acid and hexane. CBLEB treatment also alleviated cyclophosphamide-induced enrichment in serum D-lyxose and depletion of serum succinic acid, D-galactose, L-5-oxoproline, L-alanine, and malic acid. The results of transcriptome analysis indicated that the mechanism of the effect of CBLEB was related to the induction of recovery of cyclophosphamide-altered carbohydrate metabolism and signal transduction. In conclusion, the present study provides an experimental basis and comprehensive analysis of application of CBLEB for the treatment of immunodeficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longxian Lv
- State Key Laboratory for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Deguang Mu
- Zhejiang Provincal People’s Hospital, People’s Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yiling Du
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ren Yan
- State Key Laboratory for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Huiyong Jiang
- State Key Laboratory for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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11
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Sauce D, Pourcher V, Ferry T, Boddaert J, Slama L, Allavena C. Immune activation and chronic inflammation: Is there an additional effect of HIV in a geriatric population? Medicine (Baltimore) 2021; 100:e25678. [PMID: 33907138 PMCID: PMC8084076 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000025678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT HIV infection has become a chronic disease, with a lower mortality, but a consequent increase in age-related noninfectious comorbidities. Metabolic disorders have been linked to the effect of cART as well to the effects of immune activation and chronic inflammation. Whereas it is known that aging is intrinsically associated with hyperinflammation and immune system deterioration, the relative impact of chronic HIV infection on such inflammatory and immune activation has not yet been studied focusing on an elderly HIV-infected population.The objectives of the study were to assess 29 blood markers of immune activation and inflammation using an ultrasensitive technique, in HIV-infected patients aged ≥75 years with no or 1 comorbidity (among hypertension, renal disease, neoplasia, diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease, stroke, dyslipidemia, and osteoporosis), in comparison with age-adjusted HIV-uninfected individuals to identify whether biomarkers were associated with comorbidities. Wilcoxon nonparametric tests were used to compare the levels of each marker between control and HIV groups; logistic regression to identify biomarkers associated to comorbidity in the HIV group and principal component analysis (PCA) to determine clusters associated with a group or a specific comorbidity.A total of 111 HIV-infected subjects were included from the Dat'AIDS cohort and compared to 63 HIV-uninfected controls. In the HIV-infected group, 4 biomarkers were associated with the risk of developing a comorbidity: monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), neurofilament light chain (NF-L), neopterin, and soluble CD14. Six biomarkers (interleukin [IL]-1B, IL-7, IL-18, neopterin, sCD14, and fatty acid-binding protein) were significantly higher in the HIV-infected group compared to the control group, 11 biomarkers (myeloperoxydase, interleukin-1 receptor antagonist, tumor necrosis factor receptor 1, interferon-gamma, MCP-1, tumor necrosis factor receptor 2, IL-22, ultra sensitivity C-reactive protein, fibrinogen, IL-6, and NF-L) were lower. Despite those differences, PCA to determine clusters associated with a group or a specific comorbidity did not reveal clustering nor between healthy control and HIV-infected patients neither between the presence of comorbidity within HIV-infected group.In this highly selected geriatric HIV population, HIV infection does not seem to have an additional impact on age-related inflammation and immune disorder. Close monitoring could have led to optimize prevention and treatment of comorbidities, and have limited both immune activation and inflammation in the aging HIV population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delphine Sauce
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Centre d’Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses (CIMI-Paris)
| | - Valérie Pourcher
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Sorbonne Université, Department of Infectious Diseases, Pitie-Salpetriere Hospital, Pierre Louis Institute of Epidemiology and Public Health, Sorbonne Université, Paris
| | - Tristan Ferry
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Croix-Rousse Hospital, Department of Infectious Diseases, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, CIRILyon
| | | | - Laurence Slama
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Department of Infectious Diseases Hotel Dieu Hospital, Paris
| | - Clotilde Allavena
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hôtel Dieu CHU Nantes, INSERM UIC 1413, CHU Nantes, France
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12
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Yang J, Sasamoto N, Babic A, Vitonis AF, Townsend MK, Titus L, Cramer DW, Tworoger SS, Terry KL. Intrauterine device use and risk of ovarian cancer: Results from the New England Case-Control study and Nurses' Health Studies. Int J Cancer 2021; 149:75-83. [PMID: 33634849 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.33531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Results of studies assessing intrauterine device (IUD) use and ovarian cancer risk are inconsistent. We examined the association between IUD use, including duration, type and timing of use, and ovarian cancer risk using three population-based studies. Data from the New England Case-Control Study (NEC) and two prospective cohort studies, the Nurses' Health Studies (NHS/NHSII), were included in the analysis. Information on IUD use was collected by in-person interview in NEC and by biennial questionnaire in NHS/NHSII. We used unconditional logistic regression to calculate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) in NEC and Cox regression to calculate hazard ratios (HR) and 95% CI in NHS/NHSII. We used meta-analysis to combine the NEC and the pooled NHS/NHSII results. Overall, IUD use was not associated with epithelial ovarian cancer risk (OR = 0.96, 95% CI: 0.81-1.14 in NEC; HR = 0.89, 95% CI: 0.69-1.15 in NHS/NHSII; combined RR = 0.94, 95% CI: 0.81-1.08). Among IUD users, older age at first use was associated with increased ovarian cancer risk (P-trend = .03). We did not observe significant associations by IUD type or duration of use. In conclusion, IUD use was not associated with ovarian cancer risk in our study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxi Yang
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Naoko Sasamoto
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ana Babic
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Allison F Vitonis
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Mary K Townsend
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Linda Titus
- Public Health, Muskie School of Public Service, University of Southern Maine, Portland, Maine, USA
| | - Daniel W Cramer
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Shelley S Tworoger
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Kathryn L Terry
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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13
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Cui B, Peng F, Lu J, He B, Su Q, Luo H, Deng Z, Jiang T, Su K, Huang Y, Ud Din Z, Lam EWF, Kelley KW, Liu Q. Cancer and stress: NextGen strategies. Brain Behav Immun 2021; 93:368-383. [PMID: 33160090 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2020.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 10/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic stress is well-known to cause physiological distress that leads to body balance perturbations by altering signaling pathways in the neuroendocrine and sympathetic nervous systems. This increases allostatic load, which is the cost of physiological fluctuations that are required to cope with psychological challenges as well as changes in the physical environment. Recent studies have enriched our knowledge about the role of chronic stress in disease development, especially carcinogenesis. Stress stimulates the hypothalamic-pituitaryadrenal (HPA) axis and the sympathetic nervous system (SNS), resulting in an abnormal release of hormones. These activate signaling pathways that elevate expression of downstream oncogenes. This occurs by activation of specific receptors that promote numerous cancer biological processes, including proliferation, genomic instability, angiogenesis, metastasis, immune evasion and metabolic disorders. Moreover, accumulating evidence has revealed that β-adrenergic receptor (ADRB) antagonists and downstream target inhibitors exhibit remarkable anti-tumor effects. Psychosomatic behavioral interventions (PBI) and traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) also effectively relieve the impact of stress in cancer patients. In this review, we discuss recent advances in the underlying mechanisms that are responsible for stress in promoting malignancies. Collectively, these data provide approaches for NextGen pharmacological therapies, PBI and TCM to reduce the burden of tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bai Cui
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, 9 West Section, Lvshun South Road, Dalian, Liaoning Province 116044, China; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Cancer Center, Sun Yat-sen University, 651 Dongfeng East Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510060, China
| | - Fei Peng
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, 9 West Section, Lvshun South Road, Dalian, Liaoning Province 116044, China
| | - Jinxin Lu
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, 9 West Section, Lvshun South Road, Dalian, Liaoning Province 116044, China
| | - Bin He
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, 9 West Section, Lvshun South Road, Dalian, Liaoning Province 116044, China
| | - Qitong Su
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, 9 West Section, Lvshun South Road, Dalian, Liaoning Province 116044, China
| | - Huandong Luo
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, 9 West Section, Lvshun South Road, Dalian, Liaoning Province 116044, China
| | - Ziqian Deng
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, 9 West Section, Lvshun South Road, Dalian, Liaoning Province 116044, China
| | - Tonghui Jiang
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, 9 West Section, Lvshun South Road, Dalian, Liaoning Province 116044, China
| | - Keyu Su
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, 9 West Section, Lvshun South Road, Dalian, Liaoning Province 116044, China
| | - Yanping Huang
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, 9 West Section, Lvshun South Road, Dalian, Liaoning Province 116044, China
| | - Zaheer Ud Din
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, 9 West Section, Lvshun South Road, Dalian, Liaoning Province 116044, China
| | - Eric W-F Lam
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Keith W Kelley
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine and Department of Animal Sciences, College of ACES, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 212 Edward R. Madigan Laboratory, 1201 West Gregory Drive, Urbana, Il 61801, USA.
| | - Quentin Liu
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, 9 West Section, Lvshun South Road, Dalian, Liaoning Province 116044, China; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Cancer Center, Sun Yat-sen University, 651 Dongfeng East Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510060, China.
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14
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Sinaei R, Pezeshki S, Parvaresh S, Sinaei R. Why COVID-19 is less frequent and severe in children: a narrative review. World J Pediatr 2021; 17:10-20. [PMID: 32978651 PMCID: PMC7518650 DOI: 10.1007/s12519-020-00392-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite the streaks of severity, severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection is, in general, less frequent and severe in children than in adults. We searched for causal evidence of this mystery. DATA SOURCES An extensive search strategy was designed to identify papers on coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). We searched Ovid MEDLINE, PubMed, EMBASE databases, and Cochrane library and carried out a review on the causes of this dilemma. RESULTS Our searches produced 81 relevant articles. The review showed that children accounted for a lower percentage of reported cases, and they also experienced less severe illness courses. Some potential explanations, including the tendency to engage the upper airway, the different expression in both receptors of angiotensin-converting enzyme and renin-angiotensin system, a less vigorous immune response, the lower levels of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-10, myeloperoxidase, and P-selectin and a higher intracellular adhesion molecule-1, a potential protective role of lymphocytes, and also lung infiltrations might have protective roles in the immune system-respiratory tract interactions. Finally, what have shed light on this under representation comes from two studies that revealed high-titer immunoglobulin-G antibodies against respiratory syncytial virus and mycoplasma pneumonia, may carry out cross-protection against SARS-CoV-2 infection, just like what suggested about the vaccines. CONCLUSIONS These results require an in-depth look. Properties of the immune system including a less vigorous adaptive system beside a preliminary potent innate response and a trained immunity alongside a healthier respiratory system, and their interactions, might protect children against SARS-CoV-2 infection. However, further studies are needed to explore other possible causes of this enigma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Sinaei
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Institute of Basic and Clinical Physiology Sciences, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Sara Pezeshki
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Institute of Basic and Clinical Physiology Sciences, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
| | - Saeedeh Parvaresh
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Institute of Basic and Clinical Physiology Sciences, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Roya Sinaei
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Institute of Basic and Clinical Physiology Sciences, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
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15
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Rodrigues IFA, Alves VP, Gomes LDO, Pereira DS, Nóbrega ODT, Silva KHCVE. Associação entre eventos estressores e citocinas inflamatórias e anti-inflamatórias em pessoas idosas longevas. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE GERIATRIA E GERONTOLOGIA 2021. [DOI: 10.1590/1981-22562021024.200350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Resumo Objetivo investigar a associação entre a frequência de eventos estressores e citocinas em pessoas idosas longevas. Métodos os participantes responderam a um questionário constituído de variáveis sociodemográficas, indicaram quais eventos estressores constantes no Inventário de Eventos Estressores de vida ocorreram nos últimos cinco anos e responderam a escala de depressão geriátrica (GDS). Foram dosados por citometria de fluxo: interleucina (IL) 10, IL-6, IL-4, IL-2, fator de necrose tumoral (TNF-α) e interferon gama (IFN-γ). A análise descritiva foi realizada para a caracterização da amostra. Para investigar a associação entre as variáveis foi desenvolvido um modelo de regressão linear múltipla, utilizando o método Backward. Resultados Participaram da pesquisa 91 pessoas idosas com média de idade de 82 anos. Mais da metade da amostra relatou morte de ente querido como o evento estressor mais prevalente (61%). Nessa amostra foi possível perceber que quanto mais eventos estressores foram relatados, menor o nível de IL-4 (p=0,046), da mesma forma que o estado civil viuvez, onde os dados mostraram que quem é viúvo tem menos eventos estressores em comparação a quem é casado (p=0,037). Conclusão Evidenciou-se a importância de um olhar mais cuidadoso dos profissionais de saúde na avaliação multidimensional da pessoa idosa, de forma que se obtenham subsídios para a implementação de programas e intervenções específicos que possam amenizar a percepção dos eventos estressores vivenciados, colaborando com menores danos decorrentes da imunossenescência.
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16
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Bachmann MC, Bellalta S, Basoalto R, Gómez-Valenzuela F, Jalil Y, Lépez M, Matamoros A, von Bernhardi R. The Challenge by Multiple Environmental and Biological Factors Induce Inflammation in Aging: Their Role in the Promotion of Chronic Disease. Front Immunol 2020; 11:570083. [PMID: 33162985 PMCID: PMC7591463 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.570083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The aging process is driven by multiple mechanisms that lead to changes in energy production, oxidative stress, homeostatic dysregulation and eventually to loss of functionality and increased disease susceptibility. Most aged individuals develop chronic low-grade inflammation, which is an important risk factor for morbidity, physical and cognitive impairment, frailty, and death. At any age, chronic inflammatory diseases are major causes of morbimortality, affecting up to 5-8% of the population of industrialized countries. Several environmental factors can play an important role for modifying the inflammatory state. Genetics accounts for only a small fraction of chronic-inflammatory diseases, whereas environmental factors appear to participate, either with a causative or a promotional role in 50% to 75% of patients. Several of those changes depend on epigenetic changes that will further modify the individual response to additional stimuli. The interaction between inflammation and the environment offers important insights on aging and health. These conditions, often depending on the individual's sex, appear to lead to decreased longevity and physical and cognitive decline. In addition to biological factors, the environment is also involved in the generation of psychological and social context leading to stress. Poor psychological environments and other sources of stress also result in increased inflammation. However, the mechanisms underlying the role of environmental and psychosocial factors and nutrition on the regulation of inflammation, and how the response elicited for those factors interact among them, are poorly understood. Whereas certain deleterious environmental factors result in the generation of oxidative stress driven by an increased production of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and inflammation, other factors, including nutrition (polyunsaturated fatty acids) and behavioral factors (exercise) confer protection against inflammation, oxidative and endoplasmic reticulum stress, and thus ameliorate their deleterious effect. Here, we discuss processes and mechanisms of inflammation associated with environmental factors and behavior, their links to sex and gender, and their overall impact on aging.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sofía Bellalta
- School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Roque Basoalto
- School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | | | - Yorschua Jalil
- School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Macarena Lépez
- School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Anibal Matamoros
- School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Institute of Biological Sciences (ICB), Federal University of Pará, Belem, Brazil
| | - Rommy von Bernhardi
- School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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17
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Thompson C, Szabo A. Psychedelics as a novel approach to treating autoimmune conditions. Immunol Lett 2020; 228:45-54. [PMID: 33035575 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2020.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 09/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
With a rise in the incidence of autoimmune diseases (AiD), health care providers continue to seek out more efficacious treatment approaches for the AiD patient population. Classic serotonergic psychedelics have recently been gaining public and professional interest as novel interventions to a number of mental health afflictions. Psychedelics have also been shown to be able to modulate immune functions, however, while there has been great interest to researching into their psychotherapeutic applications, there has so far been very little exploration into the potential to treat inflammatory and immune-related diseases with these compounds. A handful of studies from a variety of fields suggest that psychedelics do indeed have effects in the body that may attenuate the outcome of AiD. This literature review explores existing evidence that psychedelic compounds may offer a potential novel application in the treatment of pathologies related to autoimmunity. We propose that psychedelics hold the potential to attenuate or even resolve autoimmunity by targeting psychosomatic origins, maladaptive chronic stress responses, inflammatory pathways, immune modulation and enteric microbiome populations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Attila Szabo
- NORMENT Center of Excellence (CoE), Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
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18
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Matud MP, García MC. Psychological Distress and Social Functioning in Elderly Spanish People: A Gender Analysis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:E341. [PMID: 30691104 PMCID: PMC6388209 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16030341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2018] [Revised: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Psychological distress has been considered a key component in the psychosocial functioning and functional disability of the elderly, but the determining factors of social functioning and psychological distress in the elderly people are not yet fully known. The aim of this study is to perform a gender analysis of the relevance of psychological distress and psychosocial factors in the social functioning of the elderly. A cross-sectional study with a sample of 589 men and 684 women from the general Spanish population aged between 65 and 94 years was conducted. All participants were evaluated through questionnaires and scales that assess psychological distress, social functioning, stress, coping styles, self-esteem and social support. Results: Women scored higher than men in psychological distress, chronic stress, emotional coping and instrumental social support, whereas men scored higher than women in self-esteem and rational coping. Psychological distress was significantly associated in women and men with worse social functioning, which was also lower in older people and in women with lower self-esteem. Psychological distress has a considerable impact on the social functioning of the elderly, and gender is a relevant factor in the psychological distress experienced and its predictors.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Pilar Matud
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Psychobiology and Methodology, Universidad de La Laguna, 38205 La Laguna, Spain.
| | - M Concepción García
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Psychobiology and Methodology, Universidad de La Laguna, 38205 La Laguna, Spain.
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