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Haug M, Michael M, Ritter P, Kovbasyuk L, Vazakidou ME, Friedrich O. Levosimendan's Effects on Length-Dependent Activation in Murine Fast-Twitch Skeletal Muscle. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6191. [PMID: 38892380 PMCID: PMC11172453 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25116191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Revised: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Levosimendan's calcium sensitizing effects in heart muscle cells are well established; yet, its potential impact on skeletal muscle cells has not been evidently determined. Despite controversial results, levosimendan is still expected to interact with skeletal muscle through off-target sites (further than troponin C). Adding to this debate, we investigated levosimendan's acute impact on fast-twitch skeletal muscle biomechanics in a length-dependent activation study by submersing single muscle fibres in a levosimendan-supplemented solution. We employed our MyoRobot technology to investigate the calcium sensitivity of skinned single muscle fibres alongside their stress-strain response in the presence or absence of levosimendan (100 µM). While control data are in agreement with the theory of length-dependent activation, levosimendan appears to shift the onset of the 'descending limb' of active force generation to longer sarcomere lengths without notably improving myofibrillar calcium sensitivity. Passive stretches in the presence of levosimendan yielded over twice the amount of enlarged restoration stress and Young's modulus in comparison to control single fibres. Both effects have not been described before and may point towards potential off-target sites of levosimendan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Haug
- Institute of Medical Biotechnology, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Paul-Gordan Str. 3, 91052 Erlangen, Germany; (M.M.); (P.R.); (L.K.); (M.E.V.); (O.F.)
- Erlangen Graduate School in Advanced Optical Technologies (SAOT), Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Paul-Gordan-Str. 6, 91052 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Mena Michael
- Institute of Medical Biotechnology, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Paul-Gordan Str. 3, 91052 Erlangen, Germany; (M.M.); (P.R.); (L.K.); (M.E.V.); (O.F.)
- Erlangen Graduate School in Advanced Optical Technologies (SAOT), Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Paul-Gordan-Str. 6, 91052 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Paul Ritter
- Institute of Medical Biotechnology, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Paul-Gordan Str. 3, 91052 Erlangen, Germany; (M.M.); (P.R.); (L.K.); (M.E.V.); (O.F.)
- Erlangen Graduate School in Advanced Optical Technologies (SAOT), Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Paul-Gordan-Str. 6, 91052 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Larisa Kovbasyuk
- Institute of Medical Biotechnology, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Paul-Gordan Str. 3, 91052 Erlangen, Germany; (M.M.); (P.R.); (L.K.); (M.E.V.); (O.F.)
| | - Maria Eleni Vazakidou
- Institute of Medical Biotechnology, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Paul-Gordan Str. 3, 91052 Erlangen, Germany; (M.M.); (P.R.); (L.K.); (M.E.V.); (O.F.)
| | - Oliver Friedrich
- Institute of Medical Biotechnology, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Paul-Gordan Str. 3, 91052 Erlangen, Germany; (M.M.); (P.R.); (L.K.); (M.E.V.); (O.F.)
- Erlangen Graduate School in Advanced Optical Technologies (SAOT), Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Paul-Gordan-Str. 6, 91052 Erlangen, Germany
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Wallace Wurth Building, 18 High St., Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
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Nakao G, Kodesho T, Yamagata K, Watanabe K, Ohsaki Y, Katayose M, Taniguchi K. Stress-strain relationship of individual hamstring muscles: A human cadaver study. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2024; 153:106473. [PMID: 38452573 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2024.106473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
The incidence of hamstring muscle strain varies among muscles, suggesting that the mechanical stresses associated with elongation may differ among muscles. However, the passive mechanical properties of whole human muscles have rarely been directly measured and clarified. This study aimed to clarify the stress-strain relationship of the hamstring muscles using a soft-embalmed Thiel cadaver. The long heads of the biceps femoris (BFlh), semimembranosus (SM), and semitendinosus (ST) muscles were dissected from eight cadavers. The proximal and distal hamstring tendons were affixed to the mechanical testing machine. Slack length was defined as the muscle length at the initial loading point detected upon the application of a tensile load. Muscle length was measured using a tape measure, and the anatomical cross-sectional area (ACSA) of the muscle was measured at the proximal and distal sites using B-mode ultrasonography. In the loading protocol, the muscle was elongated from its slack length to a maximum of 8% strain at an average rate of 0.83 L0/s, and the amount of displacement and tensile load were measured for each muscle. Further, the strain (%, displacement/slack muscle length) and stress (kPa, tensile load/ACSA) were calculated to evaluate the mechanical properties. Two-way repeated-measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to compare stress changes with increasing muscle strain. A significant interaction between the muscle and strain factors was observed with respect to stress. Post-hoc tests revealed higher stresses in the BFlh and SM than in ST after 3% strain (P < 0.01). However, no significant differences were observed between the BFlh and SM groups. At 8% strain, the BFlh, SM, and ST exhibited stresses of 63.7 ± 12.1, 53.7 ± 23.2, and 21.0 ± 11.9 kPa, respectively. The results indicate that the stress changes associated with muscle strain differed among muscles. In particular, the stress applied to the three muscles at the same strain was found to be higher in the BFlh and SM. Thus, these findings suggest that increased mechanical stress during elongation may contribute to the frequent occurrence of muscle strain in BFlh and SM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gakuto Nakao
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan; Sapporo Medical Technology, Welfare and Dentistry Professional Training College of Nishino Gakuen School Foundation, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Taiki Kodesho
- Department of Sport Science and Research, Japan Institute of Sports Sciences (JISS), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuma Yamagata
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Kota Watanabe
- Department of Physical Therapy, School of Health Sciences, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yuki Ohsaki
- Department of Anatomy (I), School of Medicine, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Masaki Katayose
- Department of Physical Therapy, School of Health Sciences, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Keigo Taniguchi
- Department of Physical Therapy, School of Health Sciences, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan.
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Assila N, Begon M, Duprey S. Finite Element Model of the Shoulder with Active Rotator Cuff Muscles: Application to Wheelchair Propulsion. Ann Biomed Eng 2024; 52:1240-1254. [PMID: 38376768 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-024-03449-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
The rotator cuff is prone to injury, remarkably so for manual wheelchair users. To understand its pathomechanisms, finite element models incorporating three-dimensional activated muscles are needed to predict soft tissue strains during given tasks. This study aimed to develop such a model to understand pathomechanisms associated with wheelchair propulsion. We developed an active muscle model associating a passive fiber-reinforced isotropic matrix with an activation law linking calcium ion concentration to tissue tension. This model was first evaluated against known physiological muscle behavior; then used to activate the rotator cuff during a wheelchair propulsion cycle. Here, experimental kinematics and electromyography data was used to drive a shoulder finite element model. Finally, we evaluated the importance of muscle activation by comparing the results of activated and non-activated rotator cuff muscles during both propulsion and isometric contractions. Qualitatively, the muscle constitutive law reasonably reproduced the classical Hill model force-length curve and the behavior of a transversally loaded muscle. During wheelchair propulsion, the deformation and fiber stretch of the supraspinatus muscle-tendon unit pointed towards the possibility for this tendon to develop tendinosis due to the multiaxial loading imposed by the kinematics of propulsion. Finally, differences in local stretch and positions of the lines of action between activated and non-activated models were only observed at activation levels higher than 30%. Our novel finite element model with active muscles is a promising tool for understanding the pathomechanisms of the rotator cuff for various dynamic tasks, especially those with high muscle activation levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Najoua Assila
- School of Kinesiology and Exercise Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada.
- Research Center of the Sainte-Justine University Hospital Center, Montréal, QC, Canada.
- Univ Lyon, Univ Gustave Eiffel, Univ Claude Bernard Lyon 1, LBMC UMR T_9406, 69622, Lyon, France.
| | - Mickaël Begon
- School of Kinesiology and Exercise Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Research Center of the Sainte-Justine University Hospital Center, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Sonia Duprey
- Univ Lyon, Univ Gustave Eiffel, Univ Claude Bernard Lyon 1, LBMC UMR T_9406, 69622, Lyon, France
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Tang J, Liu W, Li X, Peng Y, Zhang Y, Hou S. Linking myosin heavy chain isoform shift to mechanical properties and fracture modes in skeletal muscle tissue. Biomech Model Mechanobiol 2024; 23:103-116. [PMID: 37568047 DOI: 10.1007/s10237-023-01761-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
Muscle fibers play a crucial role in the mechanical action of skeletal muscle tissue. However, it is unclear how the histological variations affect the mechanical properties of tissues. In this study, the shift of myosin heavy chain (MHC) isoforms is used for the first time to establish a linkage between tissue histological variation and passive mechanical properties. The shift of MHC isoform is found not only to induce significant differences in skeletal muscle passive mechanical properties, but also to lead to differences in strain rate responses. Non-negligible rate dependence is observed even in the conventionally defined quasi-static regime. Fidelity in the estimated constitutive parameters, which can be impacted due to variation in MHC isoforms and hence in rate sensitivity, is enhanced using a Bayesian inference framework. Subsequently, scanning electron microscopy and fluorescence microscopy are used to characterize the fracture morphology of muscle tissues and fibers. The fracture mode of both MHC I and II muscle fibers exhibited shearing of endomysium. Results show that the increase in strain rate only leads to stronger rebounding of the muscle fibers during tissue rupture without changing fracture modes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiabao Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Design and Manufacturing for Vehicle Body, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Wenyang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Design and Manufacturing for Vehicle Body, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China.
| | - Xuhong Li
- The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yun Peng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yingchun Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Shujuan Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Design and Manufacturing for Vehicle Body, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
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Walter F, Seydewitz R, Mitterbach P, Siebert T, Böl M. On a three-dimensional model for the description of the passive characteristics of skeletal muscle tissue. Biomech Model Mechanobiol 2023; 22:1499-1514. [PMID: 36550242 PMCID: PMC10511390 DOI: 10.1007/s10237-022-01664-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
In this work, a three-dimensional model was developed to describe the passive mechanical behaviour of anisotropic skeletal muscle tissue. To validate the model, orientation-dependent axial ([Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text]) and semi-confined compression experiments (mode I, II, III) were performed on soleus muscle tissue from rabbits. In the latter experiments, specimen deformation is prescribed in the loading direction and prevented in an additional spatial direction, fibre compression at [Formula: see text] (mode I), fibre elongation at [Formula: see text] (mode II) and a neutral state of the fibres at [Formula: see text] where their length is kept constant (mode III). Overall, the model can adequately describe the mechanical behaviour with a relatively small number of model parameters. The stiffest tissue response during orientation-dependent axial compression ([Formula: see text] kPa) occurs when the fibres are oriented perpendicular to the loading direction ([Formula: see text]) and are thus stretched during loading. Semi-confined compression experiments yielded the stiffest tissue ([Formula: see text] kPa) in mode II when the muscle fibres are stretched. The extensive data set collected in this study allows to study the different error measures depending on the deformation state or the combination of deformation states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Walter
- Institute of Mechanics and Adaptronics, Technische Universität Braunschweig, D-38106, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Robert Seydewitz
- Institute of Mechanics and Adaptronics, Technische Universität Braunschweig, D-38106, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Philipp Mitterbach
- Mechanical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, NLD-5612, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Tobias Siebert
- Institute of Sport and Motion Science, University of Stuttgart, D-70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Markus Böl
- Institute of Mechanics and Adaptronics, Technische Universität Braunschweig, D-38106, Braunschweig, Germany.
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Shahidi B, Padwal JA, Su JJ, Regev G, Zlomislic V, Allen RT, Garfin SR, Kim C, Lieber RL, Ward SR. The effect of fatty infiltration, revision surgery, and sex on lumbar multifidus passive mechanical properties. JOR Spine 2023; 6:e1266. [PMID: 37780825 PMCID: PMC10540820 DOI: 10.1002/jsp2.1266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Previous research has demonstrated increased stiffness in the multifidus muscle compared to other paraspinal muscles at the fiber bundle level. We aimed to compare single fiber and fiber bundle passive mechanical properties of multifidus muscle: (1) in 40 patients undergoing primary versus revision surgery and (2) in muscle with mild versus severe fatty infiltration. Methods The degree of muscle fatty infiltration was graded using the patients' spine magnetic resonance images. Average single fiber and fiber bundle passive mechanical properties across three tests were compared between primary (N = 30) and revision (N = 10) surgery status, between mild and severe fatty infiltration levels, between sexes, and with age from passive stress-strain tests of excised multifidus muscle intraoperative biopsies. Results At the single fiber level, elastic modulus was unaffected by degree of fatty infiltration or surgery status. Female sex (p = 0.001) and younger age (p = 0.04) were associated with lower multifidus fiber elastic modulus. At the fiber bundle level, which includes connective tissue around fibers, severe fatty infiltration (p = 0.01) and younger age (p = 0.06) were associated with lower elastic modulus. Primary surgery also demonstrated a moderate, but non-significant effect for lower elastic modulus (p = 0.10). Conclusions Our results demonstrate that female sex is the primary driver for reduced single fiber elastic modulus of the multifidus, while severity of fatty infiltration is the primary driver for reduced elastic modulus at the level of the fiber bundle in individuals with lumbar spine pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahar Shahidi
- Departments of Orthopaedic SurgeryUniversity of California and Veterans Administration Medical CentersSan DiegoCaliforniaUSA
- Departments of RadiologyUniversity of California and Veterans Administration Medical CentersSan DiegoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Jennifer A. Padwal
- Departments of Orthopaedic SurgeryUniversity of California and Veterans Administration Medical CentersSan DiegoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Jeannie J. Su
- Departments of RadiologyUniversity of California and Veterans Administration Medical CentersSan DiegoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Gilad Regev
- Departments of Orthopaedic SurgeryUniversity of California and Veterans Administration Medical CentersSan DiegoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Vinko Zlomislic
- Departments of Orthopaedic SurgeryUniversity of California and Veterans Administration Medical CentersSan DiegoCaliforniaUSA
| | - R. Todd Allen
- Departments of Orthopaedic SurgeryUniversity of California and Veterans Administration Medical CentersSan DiegoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Steven R. Garfin
- Departments of Orthopaedic SurgeryUniversity of California and Veterans Administration Medical CentersSan DiegoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Choll Kim
- Departments of Orthopaedic SurgeryUniversity of California and Veterans Administration Medical CentersSan DiegoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Richard L. Lieber
- Departments of Orthopaedic SurgeryUniversity of California and Veterans Administration Medical CentersSan DiegoCaliforniaUSA
- Departments of BioengineeringUniversity of California and Veterans Administration Medical CentersSan DiegoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Samuel R. Ward
- Departments of Orthopaedic SurgeryUniversity of California and Veterans Administration Medical CentersSan DiegoCaliforniaUSA
- Departments of RadiologyUniversity of California and Veterans Administration Medical CentersSan DiegoCaliforniaUSA
- Departments of BioengineeringUniversity of California and Veterans Administration Medical CentersSan DiegoCaliforniaUSA
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Lim JY, Frontera WR. Skeletal muscle aging and sarcopenia: Perspectives from mechanical studies of single permeabilized muscle fibers. J Biomech 2023; 152:111559. [PMID: 37027961 PMCID: PMC10164716 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2023.111559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
The decline in muscle mass and strength with age is well documented and associated with weakness, decreased flexibility, vulnerability to diseases and/or injuries, and impaired functional restoration. The term sarcopenia has been used to refer to the loss of muscle mass, strength and impaired physical performance with advanced adult age and recently has become a major clinical entity in a super-aged society. To understand the pathophysiology and clinical manifestations of sarcopenia, it is essential to explore the age-related changes in the intrinsic properties of muscle fibers. Mechanical experiments with single muscle fibers have been conducted during the last 80 years and applied to human muscle research in the last 45 years as an in-vitro muscle function test. Fundamental active and passive mechanical properties of skeletal muscle can be evaluated using the isolated permeabilized (chemically skinned) single muscle fiber preparation. Changes in the intrinsic properties of older human single muscle fibers can be useful biomarkers of aging and sarcopenia. In this review, we summarize the historical development of single muscle fiber mechanical studies, the definition and diagnosis of muscle aging and sarcopenia, and age-related change of active and passive mechanical properties in single muscle fibers and discuss how these changes can be used to assess muscle aging and sarcopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Young Lim
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam-si Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - Walter R Frontera
- Department of Physiology and Department of Physical Medicine, Rehabilitation, and Sports Medicine, University of Puerto Rico School of Medicine, San Juan, Puerto Rico.
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Tomasch J, Maleiner B, Heher P, Rufin M, Andriotis OG, Thurner PJ, Redl H, Fuchs C, Teuschl-Woller AH. Changes in Elastic Moduli of Fibrin Hydrogels Within the Myogenic Range Alter Behavior of Murine C2C12 and Human C25 Myoblasts Differently. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:836520. [PMID: 35669058 PMCID: PMC9164127 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.836520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibrin hydrogels have proven highly suitable scaffold materials for skeletal muscle tissue engineering in the past. Certain parameters of those types of scaffolds, however, greatly affect cellular mechanobiology and therefore the myogenic outcome. The aim of this study was to identify the influence of apparent elastic properties of fibrin scaffolds in 2D and 3D on myoblasts and evaluate if those effects differ between murine and human cells. Therefore, myoblasts were cultured on fibrin-coated multiwell plates (“2D”) or embedded in fibrin hydrogels (“3D”) with different elastic moduli. Firstly, we established an almost linear correlation between hydrogels’ fibrinogen concentrations and apparent elastic moduli in the range of 7.5 mg/ml to 30 mg/ml fibrinogen (corresponds to a range of 7.7–30.9 kPa). The effects of fibrin hydrogel elastic modulus on myoblast proliferation changed depending on culture type (2D vs 3D) with an inhibitory effect at higher fibrinogen concentrations in 3D gels and vice versa in 2D. The opposite effect was evident in differentiating myoblasts as shown by gene expression analysis of myogenesis marker genes and altered myotube morphology. Furthermore, culture in a 3D environment slowed down proliferation compared to 2D, with a significantly more pronounced effect on human myoblasts. Differentiation potential was also substantially impaired upon incorporation into 3D gels in human, but not in murine, myoblasts. With this study, we gained further insight in the influence of apparent elastic modulus and culture type on cellular behavior and myogenic outcome of skeletal muscle tissue engineering approaches. Furthermore, the results highlight the need to adapt parameters of 3D culture setups established for murine cells when applied to human cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janine Tomasch
- Department Life Science Engineering, University of Applied Sciences Technikum Wien, Vienna, Austria
- The Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
- *Correspondence: Andreas H. Teuschl-Woller,
| | - Babette Maleiner
- Department Life Science Engineering, University of Applied Sciences Technikum Wien, Vienna, Austria
- The Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
| | - Philipp Heher
- Ludwig Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King’s College London, Guy’s Campus, London, United Kingdom
| | - Manuel Rufin
- The Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
- Institute of Lightweight Design and Structural Biomechanics, TU Wien, Vienna, Austria
| | - Orestis G. Andriotis
- The Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
- Institute of Lightweight Design and Structural Biomechanics, TU Wien, Vienna, Austria
| | - Philipp J. Thurner
- The Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
- Institute of Lightweight Design and Structural Biomechanics, TU Wien, Vienna, Austria
| | - Heinz Redl
- The Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Traumatology, The Research Center in Cooperation with AUVA, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christiane Fuchs
- The Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, MGH, Boston, MA, United States
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Andreas H. Teuschl-Woller
- Department Life Science Engineering, University of Applied Sciences Technikum Wien, Vienna, Austria
- The Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
- *Correspondence: Andreas H. Teuschl-Woller,
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Single skeletal muscle fiber mechanical properties: a muscle quality biomarker of human aging. Eur J Appl Physiol 2022; 122:1383-1395. [DOI: 10.1007/s00421-022-04924-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Rice PE, Nimphius S, Abbiss C, Zwetsloot K, Nishikawa K. Micro-biopsies: a less invasive technique for investigating human muscle fiber mechanics. J Exp Biol 2022; 225:274562. [DOI: 10.1242/jeb.243643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this investigation was to demonstrate that muscle fiber mechanics can be assessed on micro-biopsies obtained from human medial gastrocnemii. Three micro-biopsy samples were collected from female dancers (n=15). Single fibers and fiber bundles were isolated and passively stretched from 2.4 µm to 3.0 µm at 0.015 µm•s−1 and 0.04 µm•s−1 (n=50 fibers total) and in five increments at 0.12 µm•s−1 (n=42 fibers total). Muscle fibers were then activated isometrically at 2.4 µm (n=4 fibers total) and 3.0 µm (n=3 fibers total). Peak stress and steady state stress were significantly greater (p<0.0001) after stretching at 0.04 µm•s−1 than 0.015 µm•s−1. Furthermore, peak stresses and steady state stresses increased non-linearly with fiber length (p<0.0001). We conclude that active and passive muscle fiber mechanics can be investigated using tissue from micro-biopsies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paige E. Rice
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia
- Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, USA
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, Wake Forest University, Winston Salem, NC, USA
| | - Sophia Nimphius
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia
| | - Chris Abbiss
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia
| | - Kevin Zwetsloot
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, Appalachian State University, Boone, NC, USA
| | - Kiisa Nishikawa
- Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, USA
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Binder-Markey BI, Sychowski D, Lieber RL. Systematic review of skeletal muscle passive mechanics experimental methodology. J Biomech 2021; 129:110839. [PMID: 34736082 PMCID: PMC8671228 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2021.110839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Understanding passive skeletal muscle mechanics is critical in defining structure-function relationships in skeletal muscle and ultimately understanding pathologically impaired muscle. In this systematic review, we performed an exhaustive literature search using PRISMA guidelines to quantify passive muscle mechanical properties, summarized the methods used to create these data, and make recommendations to standardize future studies. We screened over 7500 papers and found 80 papers that met the inclusion criteria. These papers reported passive muscle mechanics from single muscle fiber to whole muscle across 16 species and 54 distinct muscles. We found a wide range of methodological differences in sample selection, preparation, testing, and analysis. The systematic review revealed that passive muscle mechanics is species and scale dependent-specifically within mammals, the passive mechanics increases non-linearly with scale. However, a detailed understanding of passive mechanics is still unclear because the varied methodologies impede comparisons across studies, scales, species, and muscles. Therefore, we recommend the following: smaller scales may be maintained within storage solution prior to testing, when samples are tested statically use 2-3 min of relaxation time, stress normalization at the whole muscle level be to physiologic cross-sectional area, strain normalization be to sarcomere length when possible, and an exponential equation be used to fit the data. Additional studies using these recommendations will allow exploration of the multiscale relationship of passive force within and across species to provide the fundamental knowledge needed to improve our understanding of passive muscle mechanics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin I Binder-Markey
- Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Sciences and School of Biomedical Engineering, Sciences, and Health Systems, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA USA
| | | | - Richard L Lieber
- Shirley Ryan AbilityLab, Chicago, IL, USA; Departments of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation and Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA; Edward Hines V.A. Medical Center, Hines, IL, USA.
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Xu J, Fu SN, Hug F. Age-related increase in muscle stiffness is muscle length dependent and associated with muscle force in senior females. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2021; 22:829. [PMID: 34579696 PMCID: PMC8477537 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-021-04519-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background In aging, muscle stiffness is considered as one of the factors associated with the reduction of force generation capability. There have been inconsistent findings on age-related alteration in the passive stiffness of quadriceps muscle in the female adults. Thus, the aim of this study was to determine the effect of aging on the shear moduli of the superficial muscle heads of the quadriceps and to explore its relationship with knee extension force. Methods Passive shear moduli of the rectus femoris (RF), vastus lateralis (VL), and vastus medialis (VM) were measured at rest using shear wave elastography in 20 young and 20 senior female adults. Measurements were repeated at four knee joint positions, that is, 30°, 60°, 90°, and 105° of knee flexion. Maximal isometric voluntary knee extension force was assessed at 30°, 60°, and 90° of knee flexion. Results As per our findings, senior adults were determined to have significantly higher passive muscle shear moduli in the RF (by 34% – 68%; all p < 0.05) and the VL muscle heads (by 13%–16%, all p < 0.05) at and beyond 60° of knee flexion. Age-related increase in the VM was evident at 105° knee flexion (by11%, p = 0.020). The RF shear modulus was negatively correlated to the maximal isometric voluntary contraction force measured at 60° (r = − 0.485, p = 0.030) in senior adults. Conclusions Senior female adults had greater passive stiffness at the superficial muscle heads of the quadriceps muscles when measured at long muscle length. Among the senior female adults, the passive stiffness of RF has been determined to have a negative association with the knee extensor force only at 60° knee flexion. No significant association was noted for other angles and muscles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingfei Xu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China.,Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, the Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Yuk Choi Road, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China.,Institute for Disaster Management and Reconstruction, Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Siu Ngor Fu
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, the Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Yuk Choi Road, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China.
| | - François Hug
- University of Nantes, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Laboratory "Movement, Interactions, Performance" (EA 4334), Nantes, France.,InstitutUniversitaire de France (IUF), Paris, France
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13
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Persad LS, Binder-Markey BI, Shin AY, Kaufman KR, Lieber RL. In vivo human gracilis whole-muscle passive stress-sarcomere strain relationship. J Exp Biol 2021; 224:272026. [PMID: 34355750 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.242722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
We measured the passive mechanical properties of intact, living human gracilis muscles (n=11 individuals, 10 male and 1 female, age: 33±12 years, mass: 89±23 kg, height: 177±8 cm). Measurements were performed in patients undergoing surgery for free-functioning myocutaneous tissue transfer of the gracilis muscle to restore elbow flexion after brachial plexus injury. Whole-muscle force of the gracilis tendon was measured in four joint configurations (JC1-JC4) with a buckle force transducer placed at the distal tendon. Sarcomere length was also measured by biopsy from the proximal gracilis muscle. After the muscle was removed, a three-dimensional volumetric reconstruction of the muscle was created via photogrammetry. Muscle length from JC1 to JC4 increased by 3.3±1.0, 7.7±1.2, 10.5±1.3 and 13.4±1.2 cm, respectively, corresponding to 15%, 34%, 46% and 59% muscle fiber strain, respectively. Muscle volume and an average optimal fiber length of 23.1±0.7 cm yielded an average muscle physiological cross-sectional area of 6.8±0.7 cm2 which is approximately 3 times that measured previously from cadaveric specimens. Absolute passive tension increased from 0.90±0.21 N in JC1 to 16.50±2.64 N in JC4. As expected, sarcomere length also increased from 3.24±0.08 µm at JC1 to 3.63±0.07 µm at JC4, which are on the descending limb of the human sarcomere length-tension curve. Peak passive muscle stress was 27.8±5.5 kPa in JC4 and muscle modulus ranged from 44.8 MPa in JC1 to 125.7 MPa in JC4. Comparison with other mammalian species indicates that human muscle passive mechanical properties are more similar to rodent muscle than to rabbit muscle. These data provide direct measurements of whole-human muscle passive mechanical properties that can be used in modeling studies and for understanding comparative passive mechanical properties among mammalian muscles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lomas S Persad
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Benjamin I Binder-Markey
- Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Sciences, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Alexander Y Shin
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Kenton R Kaufman
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Richard L Lieber
- Shirley Ryan AbilityLab, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.,Hines V.A. Hospital, Maywood, IL 60141, USA.,Departments of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL60208, USA
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14
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Power GA, Crooks S, Fletcher JR, Macintosh BR, Herzog W. Age-related reductions in the number of serial sarcomeres contribute to shorter fascicle lengths but not elevated passive tension. J Exp Biol 2021; 224:268352. [PMID: 34028517 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.242172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
We investigated age-related changes to fascicle length, sarcomere length and serial sarcomere number (SSN), and how this affects passive force. Following mechanical testing to determine passive force, the medial gastrocnemius muscle of young (n=9) and old (n=8) Fisher 344BN hybrid rats was chemically fixed at the optimal muscle length for force production; individual fascicles were dissected for length measurement, and laser diffraction was used to assess sarcomere length. Old rats had ∼14% shorter fascicle lengths than young rats, which was driven by a ∼10% reduction in SSN, with no difference in sarcomere length (∼4%). Passive force was greater in the old than in the young rats at long muscle lengths. Shorter fascicle lengths and reduced SSN in the old rats could not entirely explain increased passive forces for absolute length changes, owing to a slight reduction in sarcomere length in old rats, resulting in similar sarcomere length at long muscle lengths.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geoffrey A Power
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, College of Biological Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, CanadaN1G 2W1.,Human Performance Laboratory, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, CanadaT2N 1N4
| | - Sean Crooks
- Human Performance Laboratory, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, CanadaT2N 1N4
| | - Jared R Fletcher
- Human Performance Laboratory, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, CanadaT2N 1N4.,Department of Health and Physical Education, Mount Royal University, Calgary, AB, CanadaT3E 6K6
| | - Brian R Macintosh
- Human Performance Laboratory, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, CanadaT2N 1N4
| | - Walter Herzog
- Human Performance Laboratory, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, CanadaT2N 1N4
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Noonan AM, Mashouri P, Chen J, Power GA, Brown SHM. Training Induced Changes to Skeletal Muscle Passive Properties Are Evident in Both Single Fibers and Fiber Bundles in the Rat Hindlimb. Front Physiol 2020; 11:907. [PMID: 32903515 PMCID: PMC7435064 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: The passive mechanical behavior of skeletal muscle represents both important and generally underappreciated biomechanical properties with little attention paid to their trainability. These experiments were designed to gain insight into the trainability of muscle passive mechanical properties in both single fibers and fiber bundles. Methods: Rats were trained in two groups: 4 weeks of either uphill (UH) or downhill (DH) treadmill running; with a third group as sedentary control. After sacrifice, the soleus (SOL), extensor digitorum longus (EDL), and vastus intermedius (VI) were harvested. One hundred seventy-nine bundles and 185 fibers were tested and analyzed using a cumulative stretch-relaxation protocol to determine the passive stress and elastic modulus. Titin isoform expression was analyzed using sodium dodecyl sulfate vertical agarose gel electrophoresis (SDS-VAGE). Results: Single fibers: passive modulus and stress were greater for the EDL at sarcomere lengths (SLs) ≥ 3.7 μm (modulus) and 4.0 μm (stress) with DH training compared to UH training and lesser for the SOL (SLs ≥ 3.3 μm) with DH training compared with control; there was no effect of UH training. Vastus intermedius was not affected by either training protocol. Fiber bundles: passive modulus and stress were greater for the EDL at SLs ≥ 2.5 μm (modulus) and 3.3 μm (stress) in the DH training group as compared with control, while no affects were observed in either the SOL or VI for either training group. No effects on titin isoform size were detected with training. Conclusion: This study demonstrated that a trainability of passive muscle properties at both the single fiber and fiber bundle levels was not accompanied by any detectable changes to titin isoform size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex M Noonan
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Parastoo Mashouri
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Jackey Chen
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Geoffrey A Power
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Stephen H M Brown
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
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