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Roth B, Moukhtar Hammad MA, Sanford DI, Piper M, Barham DW, Yafi FA, Jenkins LC. The relationship between hematologic malignancies on male hypogonadism: a scoping review. Sex Med Rev 2024; 12:449-457. [PMID: 38515317 DOI: 10.1093/sxmrev/qeae017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The associated symptoms of hypogonadism have been reported in patients with various types of cancer. However, the prevalence and significance of hypogonadism among certain hematologic malignancies have not been completely summarized in recent literature. OBJECTIVE In this review we aimed to examine the current literature on hypogonadism in patients with hematologic malignancies, with emphasis on leukemias, lymphomas, and multiple myeloma (MM). METHODS This review included relevant studies published before July 2023 that were retrieved through a search of PubMed using the keywords "hematologic cancer," "hematologic malignancy," blood cancer," "leukemia," "lymphoma," "hypogonadism," "multiple myeloma," and "testosterone." RESULTS The search yielded 214 studies, of which 21 met the inclusion criteria. Commonly reported findings were that patients who had received hematopoietic stem cell therapy for acute lymphoblastic leukemia and acute myelogenous leukemia as children had laboratory-confirmed hypogonadism as adults. However, the impact of these diseases on hypogonadal symptoms was variable in these studies.Studies reporting on lymphoma and hypogonadism had mixed results, with some studies finding that the degree of cytotoxic chemotherapy was associated with hypogonadism, while others showed no correlation. Regardless, multiple studies found that hypogonadism secondary to lymphoma treatment and symptoms of hypogonadism had no apparent association.The most comprehensive assessment of the frequency of hypogonadism in an MM cohort found that 74% of 561 MM patients were classified as hypogonadal compared to 33% of patients in a control population. Testosterone supplementation was found to lower interleukin-6 levels, which could potentially help manage some of the adverse effects of MM, including decreased bone mineral density. CONCLUSION There is a relationship between hematologic malignancies and hypogonadism, which is likely multifactorial. In this review we established that the most plausible factors are related to the secondary effects of gonadotoxic treatments and/or systemic inflammatory responses to the diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bradley Roth
- Department of Urology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine 92697, CA, United States
| | | | - Daniel I Sanford
- Department of Urology, Brown University, Providence 02905, RI, United States
| | - Molly Piper
- Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey 17033, PA, United States
| | - David W Barham
- Brooke Army Medical Center AHP, Fort Sam Houston, San Antonio 78234, TX, United States
| | - Faysal A Yafi
- Department of Urology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine 92697, CA, United States
| | - Lawrence C Jenkins
- Department of Urology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine 92697, CA, United States
- Department of Urology, New Orleans, Tulane University, New Orleans 70112, LA, United States
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Valido E, Capossela S, Glisic M, Hertig-Godeschalk A, Bertolo A, Stucki G, Flueck JL, Stoyanov J. Gut microbiome and inflammation among athletes in wheelchair in a crossover randomized pilot trial of probiotic and prebiotic interventions. Sci Rep 2024; 14:12838. [PMID: 38834634 PMCID: PMC11150429 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-63163-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Disorders related to gut health are a significant cause of morbidity among athletes in wheelchair. This pilot feasibility trial aims to investigate whether probiotics compared to prebiotics can improve inflammatory status and gut microbiome composition in elite athletes in wheelchair. We conducted a 12-week, randomized, cross-over controlled trial involving 14 elite Swiss athletes in wheelchair. Participants were given a multispecies-multistrain probiotic or prebiotic (oat bran) daily for 4 weeks (Clinical trials.gov NCT04659408 09/12/2020). This was followed by a 4-week washout and then crossed over. Thirty inflammatory markers were assessed using bead-based multiplex immunoassays (LegendPlex) from serum samples. The gut microbiome was characterized via 16S rRNA sequencing of stool DNA samples. Statistical analyses were conducted using linear mixed-effect models (LMM). At baseline, most athletes (10/14) exhibited low levels of inflammation which associated with higher gut microbiome alpha diversity indices compared to those with high inflammation levels. The use of probiotic had higher decrease in 25 (83%) inflammatory markers measured compared to prebiotic use. Probiotic has the potential in lowering inflammation status and improving the gut microbiome diversity. The future trial should focus on having sufficient sample sizes, population with higher inflammation status, longer intervention exposure and use of differential abundance analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ezra Valido
- Swiss Paraplegic Research, 6207, Nottwil, Switzerland.
| | | | - Marija Glisic
- Swiss Paraplegic Research, 6207, Nottwil, Switzerland
- Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine (ISPM), University of Bern, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - Alessandro Bertolo
- Swiss Paraplegic Research, 6207, Nottwil, Switzerland
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Bern, Bern Inselspital, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Gerold Stucki
- Swiss Paraplegic Research, 6207, Nottwil, Switzerland
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, University of Lucerne, 6003, Lucerne, Switzerland
| | - Joelle Leonie Flueck
- Institute of Sports Medicine, Swiss Paraplegic Centre, 6207, Nottwil, Switzerland
| | - Jivko Stoyanov
- Swiss Paraplegic Research, 6207, Nottwil, Switzerland
- Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine (ISPM), University of Bern, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
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Witkowska-Piłaszewicz O, Malin K, Dąbrowska I, Grzędzicka J, Ostaszewski P, Carter C. Immunology of Physical Exercise: Is Equus caballus an Appropriate Animal Model for Human Athletes? Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5210. [PMID: 38791248 PMCID: PMC11121269 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25105210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Domestic horses routinely participate in vigorous and various athletic activities. This enables the horse to serve as a model for studying athletic physiology and immunology in other species, including humans. For instance, as a model of physical efforts, such as endurance rides (long-distance running/aerobic exercise) and races (anaerobic exercise), the horse can be useful in evaluating post-exercise response. Currently, there has been significant interest in finding biomarkers, which characterize the advancement of training and adaptation to physical exercise in the horse. The parallels in cellular responses to physical exercises, such as changes in receptor expression and blood cell activity, improve our understanding of the mechanisms involved in the body's response to intense physical activity. This study focuses on the changes in levels of the pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines and cellular response in the context of post-exercise immune response. Both the direction of changes in cytokine levels and cellular responses of the body, such as proliferation and expression of surface markers on lymphocytes, monocytes and neutrophils, show cross-functional similarities. This review reveals that horses are robust research models for studying the immune response to physical exercise in human athletes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Witkowska-Piłaszewicz
- Department of Large Animals Diseases and Clinic, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 166, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Malin
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Izabela Dąbrowska
- Department of Large Animals Diseases and Clinic, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 166, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jowita Grzędzicka
- Department of Large Animals Diseases and Clinic, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 166, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Piotr Ostaszewski
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Craig Carter
- Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA;
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Daems JJN, van Hattum JC, Verwijs SM, Bijsterveld NR, Groenink M, Wilde AAM, Pinto YM, Jorstad HT. Cardiac sequelae in athletes following COVID-19 vaccination: evidence and misinformation. Br J Sports Med 2023; 57:1400-1402. [PMID: 37562938 DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2023-106847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
The recognition of myocarditis as a rare side effect of SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccination has sparked a global debate on vaccine safety, especially in the realm of sports. The main proposed mechanisms in the pathogenesis of COVID-19 mRNA vaccination-associated myocarditis (C-VAM) are based on the activation of the innate- and adaptive immune system against a susceptible immune-genetic background, including the recognition of mRNA as an antigen by the immune system, molecular mimicry between SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein and cardiac tissue antigens and inflammatory sex-hormone signalling. The relatively younger age of the athlete population hypothetically constellates an increased risk of C-VAM. A subgroup analysis in individuals under 40 years revealed a low incidence of myocarditis following COVID-19 mRNA vaccination when compared to positive SARS-CoV-2 tests. No confirmed cases of athletes experiencing cardiac complications after mRNA vaccination have been reported. Most athletes only reported mild side effects after COVID-19 vaccination. A small but statistically significant decrease in maximal oxygen consumption in recreational athletes occurred after BNT162b2 mRNA booster vaccine administration. The clinical relevance and temporality of which remain to be determined. Many speculative social media reports attribute sudden cardiac arrest/death (SCA/D) in athletes to mRNA vaccination. Large media outlets have thoroughly debunked these claims. There is currently no evidence to support the claim that COVID-19 mRNA vaccination increases the risk of myocardial sequelae or SCA/D in athletes. However, specific vaccine regimen selection and timing may be appropriate to prevent detrimental performance effects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sjoerd M Verwijs
- Cardiology, Amsterdam University Medical Centres, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Nick R Bijsterveld
- Cardiology, Amsterdam University Medical Centres, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Maarten Groenink
- Cardiology, Amsterdam University Medical Centres, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Arthur A M Wilde
- Cardiology, Amsterdam University Medical Centres, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Yigal M Pinto
- Cardiology, Amsterdam University Medical Centres, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Harald T Jorstad
- Cardiology, Amsterdam University Medical Centres, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Guo Y, Piasecki J, Swiecicka A, Ireland A, Phillips BE, Atherton PJ, Stashuk D, Rutter MK, McPhee JS, Piasecki M. Circulating testosterone and dehydroepiandrosterone are associated with individual motor unit features in untrained and highly active older men. GeroScience 2022; 44:1215-1228. [PMID: 34862585 PMCID: PMC9213614 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-021-00482-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Long-term exercise training has been considered as an effective strategy to counteract age-related hormonal declines and minimise muscle atrophy. However, human data relating circulating hormone levels with motor nerve function are scant. The aims of the study were to explore associations between circulating sex hormone levels and motor unit (MU) characteristics in older men, including masters athletes competing in endurance and power events. Forty-three older men (mean ± SD age: 69.9 ± 4.6 years) were studied based on competitive status. The serum concentrations of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), total testosterone (T) and estradiol were quantified using liquid chromatography mass spectrometry. Intramuscular electromyographic signals were recorded from vastus lateralis (VL) during 25% of maximum voluntary isometric contractions and processed to extract MU firing rate (FR), and motor unit potential (MUP) features. After adjusting for athletic status, MU FR was positively associated with DHEA levels (p = 0.019). Higher testosterone and estradiol were associated with lower MUP complexity; these relationships remained significant after adjusting for athletic status (p = 0.006 and p = 0.019, respectively). Circulating DHEA was positively associated with MU firing rate in these older men. Higher testosterone levels were associated with reduced MUP complexity, indicating reduced electrophysiological temporal dispersion, which is related to decreased differences in conduction times along axonal branches and/or MU fibres. Although evident in males only, this work highlights the potential of hormone administration as a therapeutic interventional strategy specifically targeting human motor units in older age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxiao Guo
- MRC-Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research and NIHR Nottingham BRC, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Jessica Piasecki
- Musculoskeletal Physiology Research Group, Sport, Health and Performance Enhancement Research Centre, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK
| | - Agnieszka Swiecicka
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Gastroenterology, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Department of Basic and Clinical Sciences, University of Nicosia Medical School, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Alex Ireland
- Department of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Musculoskeletal Science and Sports Medicine Research Centre, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK
| | - Bethan E. Phillips
- MRC-Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research and NIHR Nottingham BRC, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Philip J. Atherton
- MRC-Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research and NIHR Nottingham BRC, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Daniel Stashuk
- Department of Systems Design Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON Canada
| | - Martin K. Rutter
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Gastroenterology, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism Centre, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Jamie S. McPhee
- Department of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Musculoskeletal Science and Sports Medicine Research Centre, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK
| | - Mathew Piasecki
- MRC-Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research and NIHR Nottingham BRC, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
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Jouffroy R, Anglicheau D, Mansencal N, Toussaint JF, Antero J. Relationship between Exercise Intensity and IL-6 Increase during an 80 km Long-Distance Running Race. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19116368. [PMID: 35681953 PMCID: PMC9179966 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19116368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
Background: IL-6 plasma concentration (IL-6PC) reflects the systemic inflammation related to exercise intensity level. This study aims to describe the IL-6PC kinetics during a long-distance running race. IL-6PC was measured in 20 male runners before (0 km), at each refreshment point (at 21 and 53 km, i.e., k21 and k53, respectively) and at the end of an 80 km long-distance run (k80). Methods: IL-6PC variations (absolute and relative values in each of the three sections (S)) were calculated over S1 (0_k21), S2 (k21_k53) and S3 (k53_k80) and compared with the exercise intensity (duration*race speed) within each section. Results: The mean IL-6PC increased during the run: 2.1 ± 0.6 ng.L−1 at 0 km, 21.0 ± 11.3 ng.L−1 at k21, 38.9 ± 13.0 ng.L−1 at k53 and 49.8 ± 11.9 ng.L−1 at k80. Exercise intensity increased between S1 (24.2 ± 0.5) and S2 (51.9 ± 3.2) (p = 0.04) but not between S2 and S3 (67.4 ± 4.5) (p = 0.69). IL-6PC variation was associated with exercise intensity within S1 (p = 0.03) and S2 (p = 2 × 10−3) and showed at least a trend within S3 (p = 0.06). Conclusions: IL-6PC increases that occur during the early stages of a long-distance run are associated with the running intensity, and then IL-6PC remain stable after the reduction in intensity related to the decrease in running speed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romain Jouffroy
- Intensive Care Unit, Ambroise Paré Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), 92100 Boulogne-Billancourt, France
- IRMES—Institute for Research in Medicine and Epidemiology of Sport, INSEP, 75012 Paris, France; (J.F.T.); (J.A.)
- INSERM U-1018, Centre de Recherche en Epidémiologie et Santé des Populations, Paris Saclay University, 94800 Paris, France;
- URP 7329, Université de Paris, 75012 Paris, France
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-0-149-095-601; Fax: +33-0-149-095-892
| | - Dany Anglicheau
- Necker-Enfants Malades Institute, French National Institute of Health and Medical Research U1151, 75015 Paris, France;
- Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité University, 75006 Paris, France
- Department of Nephrology and Kidney Transplantation, Necker Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), 75015 Paris, France
| | - Nicolas Mansencal
- INSERM U-1018, Centre de Recherche en Epidémiologie et Santé des Populations, Paris Saclay University, 94800 Paris, France;
- Department of Cardiology, Ambroise Paré Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Centre de Référence des Cardiomyopathies et des Troubles du Rythme Cardiaque Héréditaires Ou Rares, Université de Versailles-Saint Quentin (UVSQ), 92100 Boulogne, France
| | - Jean François Toussaint
- IRMES—Institute for Research in Medicine and Epidemiology of Sport, INSEP, 75012 Paris, France; (J.F.T.); (J.A.)
- URP 7329, Université de Paris, 75012 Paris, France
- Centre d’Investigations en Médecine du Sport, Hôtel-Dieu, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), 75004 Paris, France
| | - Juliana Antero
- IRMES—Institute for Research in Medicine and Epidemiology of Sport, INSEP, 75012 Paris, France; (J.F.T.); (J.A.)
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Li Y, Liu M, Cui Y, Zhu Z, Chen J, Zeng F, Gao M, Li Y, Huang F, Chen H. Increased risk of testosterone deficiency is associated with the systemic immune-inflammation index: a population-based cohort study. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:974773. [PMID: 36051392 PMCID: PMC9424499 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.974773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to explore the relationship between serum testosterone levels and systemic immune-inflammation index (SII). METHODS Complete SII and serum testosterone data of men over 20 years of age were retrieved from the 2011-2016 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey to conduct a prevalence survey. To calculate SII, the platelet count was multiplied by the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte count ratio. Isotope dilution liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry were employed to measure serum testosterone concentration. Testosterone deficiency (TD) was defined as a serum testosterone level ≤ 300ng/dl. Weighted proportions and multivariable regression analyses were used to analyze the association between SII and TD. RESULTS Overall, the data of 7389 participants were analyzed, The SII ranged from 1.53 - 6297.60. Of the participants, 28.42% had a low serum testosterone level (≤ 300 ng/dl). In the fully adjusted multivariable logistic model, the second quartile (OR: 1.27, p = 0.0737), the third quartile (OR: 1.43, p = 0.0090), and the fourth quartile (OR:1.48, p = 0.0042) of SII significantly increased the TD incidence rate, with the lowest quartile of the SII as a reference. For subgroup analysis, statistically significant associations were observed in participants aged 20-40, obese, non-hypertensive, and non-diabetic. The interaction test revealed no significant effect on this connection. CONCLUSIONS There was a positive relationship between a high SII and an increased prevalence of TD in a nationwide sample of adult men in the United States. Further prospective studies on a larger scale are warranted to confirm the causality between SII and TD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongchao Li
- Department of Urology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Minghui Liu
- Department of Urology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yu Cui
- Department of Urology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zewu Zhu
- Department of Urology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jinbo Chen
- Department of Urology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Feng Zeng
- Department of Urology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Meng Gao
- Department of Urology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Urology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Fang Huang
- Department of Urology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Hequn Chen, ; Fang Huang,
| | - Hequn Chen
- Department of Urology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Hequn Chen, ; Fang Huang,
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Is lifelong endurance training associated with maintaining levels of testosterone, interleukin-10, and body fat in middle-aged males? J Clin Transl Res 2021; 7:450-455. [PMID: 34667891 PMCID: PMC8520705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Aging is associated with a gradual physiological decline, including an imbalance in hormone profile, increased adiposity, and reduced anti-inflammatory cytokines. However, lifelong physical exercise mitigates aging, as observed in endurance-trained middle-aged athletes (EMA). Aim: We compared and associated testosterone, interleukin 10 (IL-10), and body fat in EMA and untrained age-matched individuals (UAM). Methods: Participants were EMA (n=25; 51.48±9.49 years) and UAM (n=23; 46.0±9.37 years). Both groups underwent body composition measurements (evaluated by a skinfold protocol) and blood sampling for IL-10 (assessed through ELISA® kit) and testosterone (assessed with Roche Diagnostics® kit, Mannheim, Germany, by chemiluminescence technique in a third-party laboratory). Results: EMA had lower body fat (14.15±3.82% vs. 23.42±4.95%; P<0.05), higher testosterone (751.68±191.45 ng/dL vs. 493.04±175.15 ng/dL; P<0.05), and higher IL-10 (8.00±1.21 pg/mL vs. 5.89±1.16 pg/mL; P<0.05) compared to UAM. A significant linear correlation was found between testosterone and IL-10 (r=0.56; P=0.001), whereas significant inverse correlations were observed between body fat and testosterone (r=–0.52; P=0.001) and body fat and IL-10 (r=–0.69; P=0.001). Conclusions: EMA had higher levels of IL-10 and testosterone and lower body fat in comparison with UAM. In addition, higher IL-10 was associated with increased levels of circulating testosterone and lower body fat. Relevance for Patients: The adoption of endurance training as part of a healthy lifestyle may contribute to decreasing age-related testosterone reduction, besides reducing markers of inflammaging, preventing the occurrence of chronic age-related diseases, and thus contributing to healthy aging. For people who already have chronic diseases, physical exercise can shift the immune system toward a more anti-inflammatory profile and, thus, improve their pathological condition. In both cases, physical exercise can help attenuate the decline in testosterone, decrease body fat, and increase anti-inflammatory levels.
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