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Soldevila-Matías P, Sánchez-Ortí JV, Correa-Ghisays P, Balanzá-Martínez V, Selva-Vera G, Sanchis-Sanchis R, Iglesias-García N, Monfort-Pañego M, Tomás-Martínez P, Victor VM, Crespo-Facorro B, San-Martín Valenzuela C, Climent Sánchez JA, Corral-Márquez R, Tabarés-Seisdedos R. Exercise as a promoter of neurocognitive improvement in people with psychiatric disorders and comorbid obesity: A randomized controlled trial. Psychiatry Res 2024; 342:116226. [PMID: 39418756 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2024.116226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 09/19/2024] [Accepted: 10/05/2024] [Indexed: 10/19/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The psychiatric disorders and obesity comorbidity is related to neurocognitive impairment and inflammation. Exercise is crucial to improve and maintain healthy lifestyles. This randomized controlled trial tested the efficacy of aerobic exercise as promoter of neurocognitive improvement across psychiatric disorders with comorbid obesity (OB). METHODS Patients with major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder and, schizophrenia and with comorbid OB (n = 29) received brief healthy lifestyle counseling and were randomized into two groups: guided physical activity group (GPAG) (n = 10) which included 12 weeks of guided-exercise of moderate intensity and frequency, and incentive of autonomous physical activity proposals by the specialist. Standard physical activity group (SPAG) (n = 19) continue with their usual daily physical activity, without guidance or incentives, over 12 weeks. Peripheral blood biomarkers of inflammation, oxidative stress, vascular mechanisms, and metabolic activity, as well as neurocognitive and functional performance were assessed twice, before and after intervention. Mixed one-way analysis of variance and linear regression analyses were performed. RESULTS Individuals in GPAG showed better neurocognitive and functional performance than individuals in SPAG after physical activity training (p < 0.05; η²p = 0.14 to 0.15). A significant improvement in cognition before and after the physical activity training in the GPAG group was found (p < 0.0001; η²p = 0.29). In all cases, the effect size was from moderate to large. Inflammatory activity (interleukin [IL-6]), oxidative (mitochondrial reactive oxygen species [mROS] and mitochondrial membrane potential [ΔΨm]) and inter cellular adhesion molecule 1 [ICAM1], leukocyte-endothelium adhesion [LEPMN], and p-selectin [PSEL]) levels, and cardio-metabolic (low-density lipoprotein [LDL], systolic blood pressure [SBP], and insulin) processes were significant predicting neurocognitive improve of individuals with psychiatric disorders and comorbid OB. CONCLUSIONS Physical activity programs may have positive impact on neurocognitive and functional performance in individuals with psychiatric disorders and OB. Exercise influences inflammatory, oxidative, vascular, and cardio-metabolic pathways, and modulate cognition. These findings may have a potential translational utility for early intervention in these disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pau Soldevila-Matías
- Faculty of Psychology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain; INCLIVA - Health Research Institute, Valencia, Spain; Department of Psychology, Faculty of Health Sciences, European University of Valencia, Spain
| | - Joan Vicent Sánchez-Ortí
- Faculty of Psychology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain; INCLIVA - Health Research Institute, Valencia, Spain; TMAP - Evaluation Unit in Personal Autonomy, Dependency and Serious Mental Disorders, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain; Center for Biomedical Research in Mental Health Network (CIBERSAM), Health Institute Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Patricia Correa-Ghisays
- Faculty of Psychology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain; INCLIVA - Health Research Institute, Valencia, Spain; TMAP - Evaluation Unit in Personal Autonomy, Dependency and Serious Mental Disorders, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain; Center for Biomedical Research in Mental Health Network (CIBERSAM), Health Institute Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Vicent Balanzá-Martínez
- INCLIVA - Health Research Institute, Valencia, Spain; TMAP - Evaluation Unit in Personal Autonomy, Dependency and Serious Mental Disorders, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain; Center for Biomedical Research in Mental Health Network (CIBERSAM), Health Institute Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Teaching Unit of Psychiatry and Psychological Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain; Mental Health Unit of Catarroja, Valencia, Spain
| | - Gabriel Selva-Vera
- INCLIVA - Health Research Institute, Valencia, Spain; TMAP - Evaluation Unit in Personal Autonomy, Dependency and Serious Mental Disorders, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain; Center for Biomedical Research in Mental Health Network (CIBERSAM), Health Institute Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Teaching Unit of Psychiatry and Psychological Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Néstor Iglesias-García
- Department of Didactics of Physical, Artistic and Music Education, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Manuel Monfort-Pañego
- Department of Didactics of Physical, Artistic and Music Education, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Víctor M Victor
- INCLIVA - Health Research Institute, Valencia, Spain; Service of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), University Hospital Doctor Peset, Valencia, Spain; National Network of Biomedical Research on Hepatic and Digestive Diseases (CIBERehd), Valencia, Spain; Department of Physiology, University of Valencia, INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain
| | - Benedicto Crespo-Facorro
- Center for Biomedical Research in Mental Health Network (CIBERSAM), Health Institute Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; University Hospital Virgen Del Rocio, IBIS-CSIC, Department of Psychiatry, University of Sevilla, Seville, Spain
| | - Constanza San-Martín Valenzuela
- INCLIVA - Health Research Institute, Valencia, Spain; TMAP - Evaluation Unit in Personal Autonomy, Dependency and Serious Mental Disorders, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain; Center for Biomedical Research in Mental Health Network (CIBERSAM), Health Institute Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Department of Physiotherapy, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | | | | | - Rafael Tabarés-Seisdedos
- INCLIVA - Health Research Institute, Valencia, Spain; TMAP - Evaluation Unit in Personal Autonomy, Dependency and Serious Mental Disorders, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain; Center for Biomedical Research in Mental Health Network (CIBERSAM), Health Institute Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Teaching Unit of Psychiatry and Psychological Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain.
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Zaid NSN, Muhamad AS, Jawis MN, Ooi FK, Mohamed M, Mohamud R, Hamdan NF, Jusoh N. The Effect of Exercise on Immune Response in Population with Increased Risk Factors for Cardiovascular Disease: A Systematic Review. Malays J Med Sci 2024; 31:83-108. [PMID: 39416746 PMCID: PMC11477469 DOI: 10.21315/mjms2024.31.5.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 10/19/2024] Open
Abstract
This systematic review aimed to provide information on existing interventional studies that evaluate the efficacy of exercise in populations with increased cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors through immune functional perspectives. A literature search was conducted in four databases: PubMed, Scopus, Taylor & Francis and ScienceDirect from January 2012 to February 2023. The articles were screened and evaluated for quality before data were extracted. The review protocol was registered at PROSPERO (CRD42022321704). In total, 18 studies were included for quality appraisal and synthesised evidence indicated that exercise contributes to enhancing the functioning of both innate and adaptive immune responses, potentially serving as an anti-immunosenescent response to exercise in individuals with elevated CVD risk factors. Furthermore, the review emphasised that exercise, irrespective of its type, intensity or mode, was well tolerated by individuals at increased risk for CVD and may have significant implications in generating anti-inflammatory effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nik Siti Nik Zaid
- Exercise and Sports Science Programme, School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Ayu Suzailiana Muhamad
- Exercise and Sports Science Programme, School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Nidzam Jawis
- Exercise and Sports Science Programme, School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Foong Kiew Ooi
- Exercise and Sports Science Programme, School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Mahaneem Mohamed
- Department of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Rohimah Mohamud
- Department of Immunology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Nor Faeiza Hamdan
- Exercise and Sports Science Programme, School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Normah Jusoh
- Faculty of Sports Science and Coaching, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris, Perak, Malaysia
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Kasanga EA, Soto I, Centner A, McManus R, Shifflet MK, Navarrete W, Han Y, Lisk J, Ehrhardt T, Wheeler K, Mhatre-Winters I, Richardson JR, Bishop C, Nejtek VA, Salvatore MF. Moderate intensity aerobic exercise alleviates motor deficits in 6-OHDA lesioned rats and reduces serum levels of biomarkers of Parkinson's disease severity without recovery of striatal dopamine or tyrosine hydroxylase. Exp Neurol 2024; 379:114875. [PMID: 38944332 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2024.114875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/01/2024]
Abstract
Alleviation of motor impairment by aerobic exercise (AE) in Parkinson's disease (PD) patients points to activation of neurobiological mechanisms that may be targetable by therapeutic approaches. However, evidence for AE-related recovery of striatal dopamine (DA) signaling or tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) loss has been inconsistent in rodent studies. This ambiguity may be related to the timing of AE intervention in relation to the status of nigrostriatal neuron loss. Here, we replicated human PD at diagnosis by establishing motor impairment with >80% striatal DA and TH loss prior to initiating AE, and assessed its potential to alleviate motor decline and restore DA and TH loss. We also evaluated if serum levels of neurofilament light (NfL) and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), biomarkers of human PD severity, changed in response to AE. 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) was infused unilaterally into rat medial forebrain bundle to induce progressive nigrostriatal neuron loss over 28 days. Moderate intensity AE (3× per week, 40 min/session), began 8-10 days post-lesion following establishment of impaired forelimb use. Striatal tissue DA, TH protein and mRNA, and serum levels of NfL/GFAP were determined 3-wks after AE began. Despite severe striatal DA depletion at AE initiation, forelimb use deficits and hypokinesia onset were alleviated by AE, without recovery of striatal DA or TH protein loss, but reduced NfL and GFAP serum levels. This proof-of-concept study shows AE alleviates motor impairment when initiated with >80% striatal DA loss without obligate recovery of striatal DA or TH protein. Moreover, the AE-related reduction of NfL and GFAP serum levels may serve as objective blood-based biomarkers of AE efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ella A Kasanga
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, United States of America
| | - Isabel Soto
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, United States of America
| | - Ashley Centner
- Department of Psychology, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY, United States of America
| | - Robert McManus
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, United States of America
| | - Marla K Shifflet
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, United States of America
| | - Walter Navarrete
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, United States of America
| | - Yoonhee Han
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Robert Stempel School of Public Health & Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, FL, United States of America; Isakson Center for Neurological Disease Research, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States of America
| | - Jerome Lisk
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, United States of America
| | - Travis Ehrhardt
- Clearcut Ortho Rehab & Diagnostics, Fort Worth, TX, United States of America
| | - Ken Wheeler
- Clearcut Ortho Rehab & Diagnostics, Fort Worth, TX, United States of America
| | - Isha Mhatre-Winters
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Robert Stempel School of Public Health & Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, FL, United States of America; Isakson Center for Neurological Disease Research, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States of America
| | - Jason R Richardson
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Robert Stempel School of Public Health & Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, FL, United States of America; Isakson Center for Neurological Disease Research, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States of America
| | - Christopher Bishop
- Department of Psychology, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY, United States of America
| | - Vicki A Nejtek
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, United States of America
| | - Michael F Salvatore
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, United States of America.
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Hayes LD, Berry ECJ, Sanal-Hayes NEM, Sculthorpe NF, Buchan DS, Mclaughlin M, Munishankar S, Tolson D. Body Composition, Vascular Health, Cardiorespiratory Fitness, Lung Function, Muscle Architecture, and Physical Activity in People with Young Onset Dementia: A Case-Control Study. Am J Med 2024:S0002-9343(24)00551-5. [PMID: 39218054 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjmed.2024.08.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2024] [Revised: 08/21/2024] [Accepted: 08/21/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Body composition, blood pressure, estimated maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max), lung function, physical activity, muscle architecture, and endothelial function had not previously been examined in people with young onset dementia. Therefore, the study measured these variables in a young onset dementia group, compared them to age-matched controls. METHODS Estimated VO2max (via the Astrand-Rhyming test), body composition, blood pressure, lung function (via spirometry), muscle architecture (via ultrasonography) and endothelial function (via flow mediated dilation) were assessed. Physical activity was measured using ActiGraph accelerometers for 7 days. RESULTS We recruited 33 participants (16 young onset dementia, 17 controls). The young onset dementia group had shorter fascicle lengths of the vastus lateralis, were sedentary for longer over a seven-day period, and completed less moderate-vigorous physical activity than controls (p=0.028, d=0.81; large effect, p=0.029, d=0.54; moderate effect, and p=0.014, d=0.97; large effect, respectively for pairwise comparisons). Pairwise comparisons suggest no differences at the p<0.05 level between young onset dementia and controls for estimated VO2max (despite a moderate effect size [d=0.66]), height, body mass, BMI, blood pressure, light physical activity, lung function, muscle thickness, pennation angle, or endothelial function. CONCLUSION This study highlights differences between people with young onset dementia and controls, underscoring the need for multicomponent exercise interventions. Future interventions should target muscle architecture, increase moderate-vigorous physical activity, and reduce sedentariness, with the goal of improving quality of life and promoting functional independence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lawrence D Hayes
- Sport and Physical Activity Research Institute, School of Health and Life Sciences, University of the West of Scotland, Glasgow, UK; Lancaster Medical School, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
| | - Ethan C J Berry
- Sport and Physical Activity Research Institute, School of Health and Life Sciences, University of the West of Scotland, Glasgow, UK.
| | - Nilihan E M Sanal-Hayes
- Sport and Physical Activity Research Institute, School of Health and Life Sciences, University of the West of Scotland, Glasgow, UK; School of Health and Society, University of Salford, Salford, UK
| | - Nicholas F Sculthorpe
- Sport and Physical Activity Research Institute, School of Health and Life Sciences, University of the West of Scotland, Glasgow, UK
| | - Duncan S Buchan
- Sport and Physical Activity Research Institute, School of Health and Life Sciences, University of the West of Scotland, Glasgow, UK
| | - Marie Mclaughlin
- Sport and Physical Activity Research Institute, School of Health and Life Sciences, University of the West of Scotland, Glasgow, UK; Physical Activity for Health Research Centre, Institute for Sport, P.E. and Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Moray House School of Education and Sport, Holyrood Road, Edinburgh, EH8 8AQ, UK
| | - Sowmya Munishankar
- Clydesdale CMHT and Young Onset Dementia Service, Clinical Director for Old Age Psychiatry, Foundation Programme Director W10, Enhanced Appraiser, NHS, Lanarkshire
| | - Debbie Tolson
- Alzheimer Scotland Centre for Policy and Practice, University of the West of Scotland
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Hu J, Huang B, Chen K. The impact of physical exercise on neuroinflammation mechanism in Alzheimer's disease. Front Aging Neurosci 2024; 16:1444716. [PMID: 39233828 PMCID: PMC11371602 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2024.1444716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2024] [Accepted: 08/07/2024] [Indexed: 09/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Alzheimer's disease (AD), a major cause of dementia globally, imposes significant societal and personal costs. This review explores the efficacy of physical exercise as a non-pharmacological intervention to mitigate the impacts of AD. Methods This review draws on recent studies that investigate the effects of physical exercise on neuroinflammation and neuronal enhancement in individuals with AD. Results Consistent physical exercise alters neuroinflammatory pathways, enhances cognitive functions, and bolsters brain health among AD patients. It favorably influences the activation states of microglia and astrocytes, fortifies the integrity of the blood-brain barrier, and attenuates gut inflammation associated with AD. These changes are associated with substantial improvements in cognitive performance and brain health indicators. Discussion The findings underscore the potential of integrating physical exercise into comprehensive AD management strategies. Emphasizing the necessity for further research, this review advocates for the refinement of exercise regimens to maximize their enduring benefits in decelerating the progression of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junhui Hu
- School of Physical Education, West Anhui University, Lu'an, China
| | - Baiqing Huang
- School of Physical Education, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming, China
| | - Kang Chen
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Exercise Physiology and Sports Medicine, Tianjin University of Sport, Tianjin, China
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Guan J, Sun Y, Fan Y, Liang J, Liu C, Yu H, Liu J. Effects and neural mechanisms of different physical activity on major depressive disorder based on cerebral multimodality monitoring: a narrative review. Front Hum Neurosci 2024; 18:1406670. [PMID: 39188405 PMCID: PMC11345241 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2024.1406670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 08/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is currently the most common psychiatric disorder in the world. It characterized by a high incidence of disease with the symptoms like depressed mood, slowed thinking, and reduced cognitive function. Without timely intervention, there is a 20-30% risk of conversion to treatment-resistant depression (TRD) and a high burden for the patient, family and society. Numerous studies have shown that physical activity (PA) is a non-pharmacological treatment that can significantly improve the mental status of patients with MDD and has positive effects on cognitive function, sleep status, and brain plasticity. However, the physiological and psychological effects of different types of PA on individuals vary, and the dosage profile of PA in improving symptoms in patients with MDD has not been elucidated. In most current studies of MDD, PA can be categorized as continuous endurance training (ECT), explosive interval training (EIT), resistance strength training (RST), and mind-body training (MBT), and the effects on patients' depressive symptoms, cognitive function, and sleep varied. Therefore, the present study was based on a narrative review and included a large number of existing studies to investigate the characteristics and differences in the effects of different PA interventions on MDD. The study also investigated the characteristics and differences of different PA interventions in MDD, and explained the neural mechanisms through the results of multimodal brain function monitoring, including the intracranial environment and brain structure. It aims to provide exercise prescription and theoretical reference for future research in neuroscience and clinical intervention in MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Guan
- Division of Sports Science and Physical Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Sun
- Department of Sports, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China
| | - Yiming Fan
- College of P.E and Sports, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Jiaxin Liang
- Department of Physical Education, Kunming University of Science and Technology Oxbridge College, Kunming, China
| | - Chuang Liu
- Department of Physical Education, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, China
| | - Haohan Yu
- Division of Sports Science and Physical Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Jingmin Liu
- Division of Sports Science and Physical Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
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Sepúlveda-Lara A, Sepúlveda P, Marzuca-Nassr GN. Resistance Exercise Training as a New Trend in Alzheimer's Disease Research: From Molecular Mechanisms to Prevention. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7084. [PMID: 39000191 PMCID: PMC11241132 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25137084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Revised: 06/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease is a pathology characterized by the progressive loss of neuronal connections, which leads to gray matter atrophy in the brain. Alzheimer's disease is the most prevalent type of dementia and has been classified into two types, early onset, which has been associated with genetic factors, and late onset, which has been associated with environmental factors. One of the greatest challenges regarding Alzheimer's disease is the high economic cost involved, which is why the number of studies aimed at prevention and treatment have increased. One possible approach is the use of resistance exercise training, given that it has been shown to have neuroprotective effects associated with Alzheimer's disease, such as increasing cortical and hippocampal volume, improving neuroplasticity, and promoting cognitive function throughout the life cycle. However, how resistance exercise training specifically prevents or ameliorates Alzheimer's disease has not been fully characterized. Therefore, the aim of this review was to identify the molecular basis by which resistance exercise training could prevent or treat Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis Sepúlveda-Lara
- Doctorado en Ciencias mención Biología Celular y Molecular Aplicada, Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile;
| | - Paulina Sepúlveda
- Departamento de Ciencias Preclínicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile;
| | - Gabriel Nasri Marzuca-Nassr
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Rehabilitación, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile
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James G, Ahern BJ, Goodwin W, Goss B, Hodges PW. Targeted multifidus muscle activation reduces fibrosis of multifidus muscle following intervertebral disc injury. EUROPEAN SPINE JOURNAL : OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE EUROPEAN SPINE SOCIETY, THE EUROPEAN SPINAL DEFORMITY SOCIETY, AND THE EUROPEAN SECTION OF THE CERVICAL SPINE RESEARCH SOCIETY 2024; 33:2166-2178. [PMID: 38607406 DOI: 10.1007/s00586-024-08234-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Aerobic exercise produces beneficial outcomes in patients with low back pain and partially attenuates the fibrotic changes to the multifidus in a model of intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration. More targeted exercise might be required to fully attenuate these fibrotic alterations. This study aimed to investigate whether activation of the multifidus induced by neurostimulation could reduce fibrosis of the multifidus in a model of IVD degeneration in sheep. METHODS IVD degeneration was induced in 18 merino sheep via a partial thickness unilateral annulus fibrosus lesion to the L1/2 and L3/4 IVDs. All sheep received an implantable neurostimulation device that provides stimulation of the L2 medial branch of the dorsal ramus. Three months after surgery, the animals were assigned to Injury or Activated groups. Activated animals received neurostimulation and the Injury group received no stimulation. Six months after surgery, the multifidus was harvested at L2 and L4. Van Gieson's, Sirius Red and immunofluorescence staining for Collagen-I and -III and quantitative PCR was used to examine fibrosis. Muscle harvested from a previous study without IVD injury was used as a control. RESULTS Neurostimulation of the multifidus attenuated IVD degeneration dependent increases in the connective tissue, including Collagen-I but not Collagen-III, compared to the Injury group at L4. No measures of the multifidus muscle at L2, which received no stimulation, differed between the Injury and Activated groups. CONCLUSIONS These data reveal that targeted activation of the multifidus muscle attenuates IVD degeneration dependent fibrotic alterations to the multifidus.
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Affiliation(s)
- G James
- NHMRC Centre of Clinical Research Excellence in Spinal Pain, Injury and Health, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - B J Ahern
- School of Veterinary Science, The University of Queensland, Gatton, QLD, Australia
| | - W Goodwin
- School of Veterinary Science, The University of Queensland, Gatton, QLD, Australia
| | - B Goss
- Mainstay Medical, San Diego, USA
| | - P W Hodges
- NHMRC Centre of Clinical Research Excellence in Spinal Pain, Injury and Health, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia.
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Cook CE, Keter D, Cade WT, Winkelstein BA, Reed WR. Manual therapy and exercise effects on inflammatory cytokines: a narrative overview. FRONTIERS IN REHABILITATION SCIENCES 2024; 5:1305925. [PMID: 38745971 PMCID: PMC11091266 DOI: 10.3389/fresc.2024.1305925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Background Matching disease and treatment mechanisms is a goal of the Precision Medicine Initiative. Pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines (e.g., Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha, Transforming Growth Factor-beta, and Interleukin-2, 10, and 12) have gained a significant amount of interest in their potential role in persistent pain for musculoskeletal (MSK) conditions. Manual therapy (MT) and exercise are two guideline-recommended approaches for treating MSK conditions. The objective of this narrative overview was to investigate of the effects of MT and exercise on pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines and determine the factors that lead to variability in results. Methods Two reviewers evaluated the direction and variabilities of MT and exercise literature. A red, yellow, and green light scoring system was used to define consistencies. Results Consistencies in responses were seen with acute and chronic exercise and both pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines. Chronic exercise is associated with a consistent shift towards a more anti-inflammatory cytokine profile (Transforming Growth Factor-beta, and Interleukin-2 and 13, whereas acute bouts of intense exercise can transiently increase pro-inflammatory cytokine levels. The influence of MT on cytokines was less commonly studied and yielded more variable results. Conclusion Variability in findings is likely related to the subject and their baseline condition or disease, when measurement occurs, and the exercise intensity, duration, and an individual's overall health and fitness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chad E. Cook
- Doctor of Physical Therapy Division, Department of Orthopaedics, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
- Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Damian Keter
- Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - William Todd Cade
- Doctor of Physical Therapy Division, Department of Orthopaedics, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Beth A. Winkelstein
- Departments of Bioengineering & Neurosurgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - William R. Reed
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
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Paillard T, Blain H, Bernard PL. The impact of exercise on Alzheimer's disease progression. Expert Rev Neurother 2024; 24:333-342. [PMID: 38390841 DOI: 10.1080/14737175.2024.2319766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The preventive effects of chronic physical exercise (CPE) on Alzheimer's disease (AD) are now admitted by the scientific community. Curative effects of CPE are more disputed, but they deserve to be investigated, since CPE is a natural non-pharmacological alternative for the treatment of AD. AREAS COVERED In this perspective, the authors discuss the impact of CPE on AD based on an exhaustive literature search using the electronic databases PubMed, ScienceDirect and Google Scholar. EXPERT OPINION Aerobic exercise alone is probably not the unique solution and needs to be complemented by other exercises (physical activities) to optimize the slowing down of AD. Anaerobic, muscle strength and power, balance/coordination and meditative exercises may also help to slow down the AD progression. However, the scientific evidence does not allow a precise description of the best training program for patients with AD. Influential environmental conditions (e.g. social relations, outdoor or indoor exercise) should also be studied to optimize training programs aimed at slowing down the AD progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thierry Paillard
- Movement, Balance, Performance, and Health Laboratory, Université de Pau & Pays de l'Adour, Tarbes, France
| | - Hubert Blain
- Pole de Gérontologie Antonin Balmes, CHU de Montpellier; EuroMov Digital Health in Motion, Univ Montpellier, IMT Mines Ales, Alès, France
| | - Pierre Louis Bernard
- UFR STAPS, EuroMov Digital Health in Motion, Université de Montpellier, IMT Mines Ales, Alès, France
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Adams JA, Uryash A, Lopez JR. Harnessing Passive Pulsatile Shear Stress for Alzheimer's Disease Prevention and Intervention. J Alzheimers Dis 2024; 98:387-401. [PMID: 38393906 DOI: 10.3233/jad-231010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) affects more than 40 million people worldwide and is the leading cause of dementia. This disease is a challenge for both patients and caregivers and puts a significant strain on the global healthcare system. To address this issue, the Lancet Commission recommends focusing on reducing modifiable lifestyle risk factors such as hypertension, diabetes, and physical inactivity. Passive pulsatile shear stress (PPSS) interventions, which use devices like whole-body periodic acceleration, periodic acceleration along the Z-axis (pGz), and the Jogging Device, have shown significant systemic and cellular effects in preclinical and clinical models which address these modifiable risks factors. Based on this, we propose that PPSS could be a potential non-pharmacological and non-invasive preventive or therapeutic strategy for AD. We perform a comprehensive review of the biological basis based on all publications of PPSS using these devices and demonstrate their effects on the various aspects of AD. We draw from this comprehensive analysis to support our hypothesis. We then delve into the possible application of PPSS as an innovative intervention. We discuss how PPSS holds promise in ameliorating hypertension and diabetes while mitigating physical inactivity, potentially offering a holistic approach to AD prevention and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose A Adams
- Division of Neonatology, Mount Sinai Medical Center, Miami Beach, FL, USA
| | - Arkady Uryash
- Division of Neonatology, Mount Sinai Medical Center, Miami Beach, FL, USA
| | - Jose R Lopez
- Department of Research, Mount Sinai Medical Center, Miami Beach, FL, USA
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Gelfo F, Petrosini L, Mandolesi L, Landolfo E, Caruso G, Balsamo F, Bonarota S, Bozzali M, Caltagirone C, Serra L. Land/Water Aerobic Activities: Two Sides of the Same Coin. A Comparative Analysis on the Effects in Cognition of Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2024; 98:1181-1197. [PMID: 38552114 DOI: 10.3233/jad-231279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
Evidence in the literature indicates that aerobic physical activity may have a protective role in aging pathologies. However, it has not been clarified whether different types of aerobic exercise produce different effects. In particular, these potential differences have not been explored in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD). The present narrative review has the specific aim of evaluating whether land (walking/running) and water (swimming) aerobic activities exert different effects on cognitive functions and neural correlates in AD patients. In particular, the investigation is carried out by comparing the evidence provided from studies on AD animal models and on patients. On the whole, we ascertained that both human and animal studies documented beneficial effects of land and water aerobic exercise on cognition in AD. Also, the modulation of numerous biological processes is documented in association with structural modifications. Remarkably, we found that aerobic activity appears to improve cognition per se, independently from the specific kind of exercise performed. Aerobic exercise promotes brain functioning through the secretion of molecular factors from skeletal muscles and liver. These molecular factors stimulate neuroplasticity, reduce neuroinflammation, and inhibit neurodegenerative processes leading to amyloid-β accumulation. Additionally, aerobic exercise improves mitochondrial activity, reducing oxidative stress and enhancing ATP production. Aerobic activities protect against AD, but implementing exercise protocols for patients is challenging. We suggest that health policies and specialized institutions should direct increasing attention on aerobic activity as lifestyle modifiable factor for successful aging and age-related conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Gelfo
- IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
- Department of Human Sciences, Guglielmo Marconi University, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Laura Mandolesi
- Department of Humanities, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | | | | | - Francesca Balsamo
- IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
- Department of Human Sciences, Guglielmo Marconi University, Rome, Italy
| | - Sabrina Bonarota
- IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
- Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Bozzali
- Department of Neuroscience 'Rita Levi Montalcini', University of Torino, Turin, Italy
- Department of Neuroscience, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK
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Salimi H, Haghighi AH, Ababzadeh S, Marefati H, Abbasian S, Pond AL, Gentil P. Aerobic training and vitamin E administration ameliorates cardiac apoptosis markers in rats exposed to methamphetamine. Eur J Transl Myol 2023; 33:12112. [PMID: 38112583 PMCID: PMC10811645 DOI: 10.4081/ejtm.2023.12112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Methamphetamine (MA) abuse is related to risks to the cardiovascular system. The present study aimed to compare the effects of moderate-intensity aerobic training (MIAT) and vitamin E (Vit.E) supplementation on markers of cardiac apoptosis following MA exposure. Fifty-four rats were randomly divided into six groups. CON group did not receive MA, while the others received MA alone or in combination with MIAT, Vit. E, MIAT+Vit E, or paraffin (PAR). These groups received MA incrementally for 23 consecutive days. Vit.E and MIAT+Vit.E groups received vitamin E three times a week for six weeks. MIAT and MIAT+Vit.E groups exercised for 25-40 min. Immunohistochemical and gene expression analyses were performed on the heart tissues. Bax and TGF-β expression was significantly higher, while Bcl-2 and VEGF expression was significantly lower in the MA and PAR groups than in the other groups (p < 0.05). Bcl-2 and VEGF expression was higher, and Bax and TGF-β expression was significantly lower in the MIAT and MIAT+Vit.E groups than in the other groups (p < 0.05). In Vit.E treated groups, Bax and TGF-β expression were lower, and VEGF was higher than that in the MA and PAR groups, but higher than those in the CON, MIAT and MIAT+Vit.E groups. MA increased the expression of Bax and TGF-β, and decreased the expression of Bcl-2 and VEGF, suggesting increased cardiac apoptosis. In contrast, MIAT and Vit.E decreased the expression of Bax and TGF-β, suggesting a reduction in cardiac apoptosis induced by MA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamidreza Salimi
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sports Sciences, Hakim Sabzevari University, Sabzevar.
| | - Amir Hossein Haghighi
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Hakim Sabzevari University, Sabzevar.
| | - Shima Ababzadeh
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran; Department of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom.
| | - Hamid Marefati
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sports Sciences, Hakim Sabzevari University, Sabzevar.
| | - Sadegh Abbasian
- Department of Sport Sciences, Khavaran Institute of Higher Education, Mashhad.
| | - Amber L Pond
- Anatomy, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Carbondale, IL.
| | - Paulo Gentil
- Hypertension League, Federal University of Goias, Brazil; College of Physical Education and Dance, Federal University of Goias.
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Ayari S, Abellard A, Sakrani S, Krinitskaia A, Grzelak M, Nader RB, Gavarry O. Comparison of dance and aerobic exercise on cognition and neuropsychiatric symptoms in sedentary older adults with cognitive impairment. Eur Geriatr Med 2023; 14:1289-1299. [PMID: 37656350 DOI: 10.1007/s41999-023-00849-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To compare the effects of dance and aerobic exercise on cognition and neuropsychiatric symptoms in older people with cognitive impairment. METHODS Twenty-three older adults (mean age = 78 ± 7 years; males: n = 7, females: n = 16) attending a day care center and diagnosed with cognitive impairment were randomly assigned to a 16-week dance intervention or an aerobic exercise intervention (60 min/week). Cognitive function [Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE)], neuropsychiatric symptoms [Geriatric Depression Scale-15 (GDS-15), Neuro-Psychiatric Inventory-R (NPI-R)], and physical function [Timed Up and Go (TUG), Activity Daily Living (ADL)] were assessed at baseline and at the end of the intervention. After Borg scale assessment, these two physical activities were performed at similar intensity (60-70% HRR). RESULTS MMSE score increased significantly after the intervention in the dance group (+ 3.3/+ 14%, p = 0.03), especially memory performance (+1/+220%, p = 0.03), but not in the aerobic exercise group. GDS-15 and NPI-R decreased significantly after the intervention in both groups (p < 0.001). However, no significant effect was found for TUG and ADL. CONCLUSION Dance is a cost-effective multimodal intervention that could improve cognition. A low-frequency ecological dance intervention (once per week; 60 min) could improve cognition, especially verbal memory. These results should be further investigated for the practice of dance in facilities for older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sawsen Ayari
- Laboratoire IAPS, Impact de l'Activité Physique sur la Santé, Toulon, Université de Toulon, La Garde, France.
| | - Alexandre Abellard
- Laboratoire IMSIC, Institut Méditerranéen des Sciences de l'Information et de la Communication, Université de Toulon, La Garde, France
| | - Sihem Sakrani
- Association de promotion en Recherches Cliniques et Innovation pour la Santé (ARCIS), Toulon, France
| | - Anastasia Krinitskaia
- Association de promotion en Recherches Cliniques et Innovation pour la Santé (ARCIS), Toulon, France
| | - Marta Grzelak
- Association de promotion en Recherches Cliniques et Innovation pour la Santé (ARCIS), Toulon, France
| | - Raymond Bou Nader
- Laboratoire IAPS, Impact de l'Activité Physique sur la Santé, Toulon, Université de Toulon, La Garde, France
| | - Olivier Gavarry
- Laboratoire IAPS, Impact de l'Activité Physique sur la Santé, Toulon, Université de Toulon, La Garde, France
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Wu A, Zhang J. Neuroinflammation, memory, and depression: new approaches to hippocampal neurogenesis. J Neuroinflammation 2023; 20:283. [PMID: 38012702 PMCID: PMC10683283 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-023-02964-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023] Open
Abstract
As one of most common and severe mental disorders, major depressive disorder (MDD) significantly increases the risks of premature death and other medical conditions for patients. Neuroinflammation is the abnormal immune response in the brain, and its correlation with MDD is receiving increasing attention. Neuroinflammation has been reported to be involved in MDD through distinct neurobiological mechanisms, among which the dysregulation of neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus (DG) of the hippocampus (HPC) is receiving increasing attention. The DG of the hippocampus is one of two niches for neurogenesis in the adult mammalian brain, and neurotrophic factors are fundamental regulators of this neurogenesis process. The reported cell types involved in mediating neuroinflammation include microglia, astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, meningeal leukocytes, and peripheral immune cells which selectively penetrate the blood-brain barrier and infiltrate into inflammatory regions. This review summarizes the functions of the hippocampus affected by neuroinflammation during MDD progression and the corresponding influences on the memory of MDD patients and model animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anbiao Wu
- Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Jiyan Zhang
- Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100850, China.
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Dieckelmann M, González-González AI, Banzer W, Berghold A, Jeitler K, Pantel J, Pregartner G, Schall A, Tesky VA, Siebenhofer A. Effectiveness of exercise interventions to improve long-term outcomes in people living with mild cognitive impairment: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Sci Rep 2023; 13:18074. [PMID: 37872230 PMCID: PMC10593841 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-44771-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Although exercise guidelines now recommend exercise for patients with MCI, the long-term effects of exercise in patients with MCI has not been reviewed systematically. The aim was to assess (1) the effectiveness of exercise and physical activity (EXPA) interventions in improving long-term patient-relevant cognitive and non-cognitive outcomes in people with mild cognitive impairment, (2) how well the included trials reported details of the intervention, and (3) the extent to which reported endpoints were in line with patient preferences that were assessed in patient workshops. Following PRISMA guidelines, we performed a systematic review and meta-analysis including randomized controlled trials. A total of ten studies were included after searching in six electronic sources from 1995 onwards. There is a trend that 6 + -month EXPA interventions improve global cognition 12 months after initiation. Evidence on long-term effects of EXPA interventions on non-cognitive health outcomes could not be meaningfully pooled and the individual studies reported mixed results. Workshop participants considered freedom from pain and stress, mood, motivation and self-efficacy to be important, but these outcomes were rarely addressed. Too little information is available on intervention details for EXPA programs to be replicated and confidently recommended for patients with MCI. PROSPERO registration in December, 2021 (CRD42021287166).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirjam Dieckelmann
- Institute of General Practice, Goethe University Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590, Frankfurt, Germany.
| | - Ana I González-González
- Institute of General Practice, Goethe University Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590, Frankfurt, Germany
- Red de Investigación en Cronicidad, Atención Primaria y Promoción de la Salud (RICAPPS), Madrid, Spain
| | - Winfried Banzer
- Institute for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Andrea Berghold
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Documentation, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Klaus Jeitler
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Documentation, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- Institute of General Practice and Evidence-Based Health Services Research, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Johannes Pantel
- Institute of General Practice, Goethe University Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Gudrun Pregartner
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Documentation, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Arthur Schall
- Institute of General Practice, Goethe University Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Valentina A Tesky
- Institute of General Practice, Goethe University Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Andrea Siebenhofer
- Institute of General Practice, Goethe University Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590, Frankfurt, Germany
- Institute of General Practice and Evidence-Based Health Services Research, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
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de la Monte SM, Tong M, Hapel AJ. Concordant and Discordant Cerebrospinal Fluid and Plasma Cytokine and Chemokine Responses in Mild Cognitive Impairment and Early-Stage Alzheimer's Disease. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2394. [PMID: 37760836 PMCID: PMC10525668 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11092394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuroinflammation may be a pathogenic mediator and biomarker of neurodegeneration at the boundary between mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and early-stage Alzheimer's disease (AD). Whether neuroinflammatory processes are endogenous to the central nervous system (CNS) or originate from systemic (peripheral blood) sources could impact strategies for therapeutic intervention. To address this issue, we measured cytokine and chemokine immunoreactivities in simultaneously obtained lumbar puncture cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and serum samples from 39 patients including 18 with MCI or early AD and 21 normal controls using a 27-plex XMAP bead-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The MCI/AD combined group had significant (p < 0.05 or better) or statistically trend-wise (0.05 ≤ p ≤ 0.10) concordant increases in CSF and serum IL-4, IL-5, IL-9, IL-13, and TNF-α and reductions in GM-CSF, b-FGF, IL-6, IP-10, and MCP-1; CSF-only increases in IFN-y and IL-7 and reductions in VEGF and IL-12p70; serum-only increases in IL-1β, MIP-1α, and eotaxin and reductions in G-CSF, IL-2, IL-8 and IL-15; and discordant CSF-serum responses with reduced CSF and increased serum PDGF-bb, IL-17a, and RANTES. The results demonstrate simultaneously parallel mixed but modestly greater pro-inflammatory compared to anti-inflammatory or neuroprotective responses in CSF and serum. In addition, the findings show evidence that several cytokines and chemokines are selectively altered in MCI/AD CSF, likely corresponding to distinct neuroinflammatory responses unrelated to systemic pathologies. The aggregate results suggest that early management of MCI/AD neuroinflammation should include both anti-inflammatory and pro-neuroprotective strategies to help prevent disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne M. de la Monte
- Departments of Pathology (Neuropathology), Neurology, and Neurosurgery, Rhode Island Hospital, The Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, USA
- Department of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital, The Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, USA;
| | - Ming Tong
- Department of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital, The Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, USA;
| | - Andrew J. Hapel
- Department of Genome Biology, John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra 2601, Australia;
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Primo D, Izaola O, Gomez JJL, Luis DD. Anthropometric, muscle and serum myokine levels effects of physical exercise with an online platform in female patients with obesity. ENDOCRINOL DIAB NUTR 2023; 70:484-491. [PMID: 37596009 DOI: 10.1016/j.endien.2023.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Under physical exercise conditions, muscles can synthetise and release myokines and these molecules can exert paracrine and endocrine actions. Females with obesity have a sedentary lifestyle with alterations in myokine levels. OBJECTIVE The aim of our study was to evaluate the effect of physical exercise on myokine levels, anthropometric parameters, clinical data, impedance parameters, and muscle ultrasound data in sedentary females with obesity. MATERIAL AND METHODS Anthropometric data, muscle mass by ultrasound at the quadriceps level, myokine determination, and blood pressure were collected at baseline and after 12 weeks in 25 females with obesity. For 12 weeks, the physical exercise programme was prescribed through an online platform. RESULTS After the physical exercise programme, there was a significant improvement in body mass index (-1.49±0.1kg/m2; p=0.02), weight (-3.9±0.7kg; p=0.01), waist circumference (-7.2±0.2cm; p=0.01), skeletal muscle mass (5.4±1.2kg; p=0.01), appendicular skeletal muscle mass index (0.5±0.1kg; p=0.02) and appendicular skeletal muscle mass (1.4±0.1kg; p=0.03), and a decrease in fat mass (-4.1±0.2kg; p=0.01) and blood pressure. The ultrasound parameters of the anterior rectus quadriceps muscle improved significantly. The following biochemical parameters decreased; insulin levels (-66.3±10.2pg/ml; p=0.04), HOMA-IR (-0.4±0.1 units; p=0.03), apelin (-3.5±0.2IU/l; p=0.04), FABP3 (-143.6±38.1pg/ml; p=0.03), IL6 (-4.1±0.02pg/ml; p=0.02), myostatin (-81.6±18.1pg/ml; p=0.04), and FGF21 (-9.5±1.1pg/ml; p=0.03). CONCLUSION The prescription of physical exercise with an online platform for females with obesity decreases weight, body fat mass and increases muscle mass, producing a decrease in insulin resistance and some myokine levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Primo
- Centre of Investigation of Endocrinology and Clinical Nutrition, School of Medicine, Valladolid, Spain; Dept Endocrinology and Nutrition Hospital Clinico Universitario, University of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Olatz Izaola
- Centre of Investigation of Endocrinology and Clinical Nutrition, School of Medicine, Valladolid, Spain; Dept Endocrinology and Nutrition Hospital Clinico Universitario, University of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Juan Jose Lopez Gomez
- Centre of Investigation of Endocrinology and Clinical Nutrition, School of Medicine, Valladolid, Spain; Dept Endocrinology and Nutrition Hospital Clinico Universitario, University of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Daniel de Luis
- Centre of Investigation of Endocrinology and Clinical Nutrition, School of Medicine, Valladolid, Spain; Dept Endocrinology and Nutrition Hospital Clinico Universitario, University of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain.
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