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Recapitulation of posttransfusion purpura by cross-strain platelet immunization in mice. Blood Adv 2021; 4:287-295. [PMID: 31968077 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2019000661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Posttransfusion purpura (PTP) is an uncommon but life-threatening condition characterized by profound thrombocytopenia occurring ∼1 week after a blood transfusion. The hallmark of PTP is a potent immunoglobulin G antibody specific for a transfused platelet-specific alloantigen, usually located on glycoprotein IIb/IIIa (GPIIb/IIIa; αIIb/β3 integrin). It is widely thought that this alloantibody somehow causes the thrombocytopenia, despite absence from host platelets of the alloantigen for which it is specific. In studies described here, we found that cross-strain platelet immunization in mice commonly induces GPIIb/IIIa-specific alloantibodies combined with platelet-specific autoantibodies and varying degrees of thrombocytopenia, and we identified 1 strain combination (129S1Svlm/PWKPhJ) in which 95% of immunized mice made both types of antibody and developed severe thrombocytopenia. There was a strong inverse correlation between autoantibody strength and platelet decline (P < .0001) and plasma from mice that produced autoantibodies caused thrombocytopenia when transfused to syngeneic animals, arguing that autoantibodies were the cause of thrombocytopenia. The findings define a model in which a routine alloimmune response to platelets regularly transitions to an autoimmune reaction capable of causing severe thrombocytopenia and support the hypothesis that PTP is an autoimmune disorder.
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2
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Abstract
Autoimmune disorders are characterized by a loss of immune tolerance and consequent autoimmunity-mediated disease manifestation. Experimental models are invaluable research tools helping us to understand disease pathogenesis and to search for novel therapeutics. Animal models of autoimmune diseases consist of two groups, spontaneous and induced models. In this review article, we focus on the induced models of autoimmune diseases. Due to the complex nature of autoimmune disorders, many strategies have been applied for the induction of corresponding experimental models in animals like monkeys, rabbits, rats, and mice. Methodologically, these strategies can be categorized into three categories, namely immunization with autoantigen, transfer of autoimmunity, and induction by environmental factors. In this review article, we aim to provide a comprehensive overview of the field of induced experimental autoimmune diseases. On the one hand, we describe and summarize the different strategies used for induction of experimental autoimmune disease. On the other hand, we discuss how to select a strategy for modeling human disease, including the choice of an appropriate species and method for such an approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinhua Yu
- Research Center Borstel, Airway Research Center North (ARCN), Members of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), 23845 Borstel, Germany; Xiamen-Borstel Joint Laboratory of Autoimmunity, Medical College of Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China.
| | - Frank Petersen
- Research Center Borstel, Airway Research Center North (ARCN), Members of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), 23845 Borstel, Germany
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Zhang G, Zhang P, Liu H, Liu X, Xie S, Wang X, Wu Y, Chang J, Ma L. Assessment of Th17/Treg cells and Th cytokines in an improved immune thrombocytopenia mouse model. Hematology 2017; 22:493-500. [PMID: 28300523 DOI: 10.1080/10245332.2017.1301040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The improved passive immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) mouse model has been extensively utilized for the study of ITP. However, how closely this model matches the human inflammation state and immune background is unclear. Our study aimed to explore the profile of Th cytokines and Th17/Treg cells in the model. METHODS We induced the ITP mouse model by dose-escalation injection of MWReg30. The serum levels of cytokines (IFN-γ, IL-2, IL-4, IL-10, IL-17A, and TGF-β1) were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and the frequency of Th17 and Treg cells was measured by flow cytometry. The mRNA expression of Foxp3 and RORrt was measured by real-time PCR. RESULTS The serum levels of cytokines IFN-γ, TGF-β1, IL-4, and IL-10 were significantly lower in ITP mice. The secretion of serum proinflammatory cytokines IL-2 and IL-17A and the percentage of Th17 cells showed no statistically significant increase. In ITP mice the frequency of Treg cells and mRNA expression of Foxp3 was significantly lower in splenocytes. CONCLUSION Our data suggest that the improved passive ITP mouse model does not mimic the autoimmune inflammatory process of human ITP. Compared with human ITP, this model has a similar change in frequency of Treg cells, which may directly or indirectly result from antibody-mediated platelet destruction due to attenuated release of TGF-β.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoyang Zhang
- a Department of Hematology , Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou , China.,b Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation , Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Ping Zhang
- c Department of Hematology , Henan Provincial People's Hospital , Zhengzhou , China
| | - Hongyun Liu
- a Department of Hematology , Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou , China.,b Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation , Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Xiaoyan Liu
- a Department of Hematology , Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou , China.,b Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation , Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Shuangfeng Xie
- a Department of Hematology , Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou , China.,b Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation , Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Xiuju Wang
- a Department of Hematology , Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou , China.,b Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation , Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Yudan Wu
- a Department of Hematology , Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou , China.,b Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation , Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Jianxing Chang
- b Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation , Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University , Guangzhou , China.,d Department of General Surgery , Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Liping Ma
- a Department of Hematology , Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou , China.,b Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation , Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University , Guangzhou , China
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Kirstein JM, Hague MN, McGowan PM, Tuck AB, Chambers AF. Primary melanoma tumor inhibits metastasis through alterations in systemic hemostasis. J Mol Med (Berl) 2016; 94:899-910. [PMID: 27048169 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-016-1415-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Revised: 03/21/2016] [Accepted: 03/24/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Progression from a primary tumor to distant metastases requires extensive interactions between tumor cells and their microenvironment. The primary tumor is not only the source of metastatic cells but also can also modulate host responses to these cells, leading to an enhancement or inhibition of metastasis. Tumor-mediated stimulation of bone marrow can result in pre-metastatic niche formation and increased metastasis. However, a primary tumor can also inhibit metastasis through concomitant tumor resistance-inhibition of metastatic growth by existing tumor mass. Here, we report that the presence of a B16F10 primary tumor significantly restricted numbers and sizes of experimental lung metastases through reduction of circulating platelets and reduced formation of metastatic tumor cell-associated thrombi. Tumor-bearing mice displayed splenomegaly, correlated with primary tumor size and platelet count. Reduction in platelet numbers in tumor-bearing animals was responsible for metastatic inhibition, as restoration of platelet numbers using isolated platelets re-established both tumor cell-associated thrombus formation and experimental metastasis. Consumption of platelets due to a B16F10 primary tumor is a form of concomitant tumor resistance and demonstrates the systemic impact of a growing tumor. Understanding the interplay between primary tumors and metastases is essential, as clarification of concomitant tumor resistance mechanisms may allow inhibition of metastatic growth following tumor resection. Key messages Mice with a primary B16F10 tumor had reduced metastasis vs. mice without a primary tumor. Tumor-bearing mice had splenomegaly and fewer platelets and tumor-associated thrombi. Restoring platelets restored tumor-associated thrombi and increased metastasis. This work shows the impact that a primary tumor can have on systemic metastasis. Understanding these interactions may lead to improved ways to inhibit metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer M Kirstein
- London Regional Cancer Program, London Health Sciences Centre, 790 Commissioners Road East, London, ON, N6A 4L6, Canada.,Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - M Nicole Hague
- London Regional Cancer Program, London Health Sciences Centre, 790 Commissioners Road East, London, ON, N6A 4L6, Canada
| | - Patricia M McGowan
- London Regional Cancer Program, London Health Sciences Centre, 790 Commissioners Road East, London, ON, N6A 4L6, Canada
| | - Alan B Tuck
- London Regional Cancer Program, London Health Sciences Centre, 790 Commissioners Road East, London, ON, N6A 4L6, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada.,Department of Oncology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Ann F Chambers
- London Regional Cancer Program, London Health Sciences Centre, 790 Commissioners Road East, London, ON, N6A 4L6, Canada. .,Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada. .,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada. .,Department of Oncology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada.
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5
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Zhang A, Ning B, Sun N, Wei J, Ju X. Indirubin Increases CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ Regulatory T Cells to Prevent Immune Thrombocytopenia in Mice. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0142634. [PMID: 26571298 PMCID: PMC4646632 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0142634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2015] [Accepted: 10/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Indirubin, a traditional Chinese medicine, is used to treat autoimmune diseases in clinics. However, the effects of indirubin on the immunosuppressive CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ regulatory T cells (Treg) have not been addressed. Thus, we aimed to investigate the effects of indirubin on CD4+CD25+Treg cells in immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) CBA mice, which were established by immunization with Wistar rat platelets. 50 mg/kg indirubin treatment daily for 4 weeks significantly decreased anti-platelet antibody production and prevented the decrease of platelets caused by immunization in ITP mice. Consistently, indirubin significantly enhanced the percentage and cell number of CD4+CD25+Foxp3+Treg cells in the peripheral blood, spleen and lymph nodes. We also observed a significant increase of the frequency and cell number of CD4+CD25+Foxp3+Treg cells in the thymus upon indirubin treatment. Furthermore, CD4+CD25+Treg cells from indirubin-treated mice showed similar immunosuppression on T effector cells as compared to those from control mice. Altogether, indirubin ameliorates ITP by enhancing CD4+CD25+Foxp3+Treg cell level with preserving immunosuppressive function.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibiotics, Antineoplastic/therapeutic use
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/chemistry
- Blood Platelets/metabolism
- Disease Models, Animal
- Female
- Flow Cytometry
- Forkhead Transcription Factors/metabolism
- Immune Tolerance
- Immunosuppressive Agents/chemistry
- Indoles/therapeutic use
- Interleukin-2 Receptor alpha Subunit/metabolism
- Lymph Nodes/metabolism
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred CBA
- Microscopy, Fluorescence
- Purpura, Thrombocytopenic, Idiopathic/metabolism
- Purpura, Thrombocytopenic, Idiopathic/prevention & control
- Rats
- Rats, Wistar
- Spleen/cytology
- Spleen/metabolism
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/cytology
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Affiliation(s)
- Aijun Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Bin Ning
- Department of Orthopaedic, Jinan Central Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Nianzheng Sun
- Department of Pediatrics, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jianlu Wei
- Department of Orthopaedic, Jinan Central Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xiuli Ju
- Department of Pediatrics, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- * E-mail:
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6
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Legrain S, Su D, Breukel C, Detalle L, Claassens JW, van der Kaa J, Izui S, Verbeek JS, Coutelier JP. Involvement of Fcα/μ Receptor in IgM Anti-Platelet, but Not Anti-Red Blood Cell Autoantibody Pathogenicity in Mice. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 195:4171-5. [PMID: 26385523 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1500798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2015] [Accepted: 08/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
IgM anti-mouse platelet autoantibodies cause thrombocytopenia by mediating uptake of opsonized thrombocytes, whereas IgM anti-erythrocyte autoantibodies induce anemia through a phagocytosis-independent cell destruction. In this article, we show that infection with lactate dehydrogenase-elevating virus, a benign mouse arterivirus, exacerbates the pathogenicity of IgM anti-platelet, but not anti-erythrocyte autoantibodies. To define the role of Fcα/μ receptor (Fcα/μR) in IgM-mediated thrombocytopenia and anemia, we generated mice deficient for this receptor. These animals were resistant to IgM autoantibody-mediated thrombocytopenia, but not anemia. However, the lactate dehydrogenase-elevating virus-induced exacerbation of thrombocytopenia was not associated with enhanced Fcα/μR expression on macrophages. These results indicate that Fcα/μR is required for the pathogenicity of IgM anti-platelet autoantibodies but is not sufficient to explain the full extent of the disease in virally infected animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Legrain
- Unité de Médecine Experimentale, Institut de Pathologie Cellulaire, Université Catholique de Louvain, 1200 Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Dan Su
- Unité de Médecine Experimentale, Institut de Pathologie Cellulaire, Université Catholique de Louvain, 1200 Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Cor Breukel
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 Leiden, the Netherlands; and
| | - Laurent Detalle
- Unité de Médecine Experimentale, Institut de Pathologie Cellulaire, Université Catholique de Louvain, 1200 Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Jill W Claassens
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 Leiden, the Netherlands; and
| | - Jos van der Kaa
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 Leiden, the Netherlands; and
| | - Shozo Izui
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, University Medical Center, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - J Sjef Verbeek
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 Leiden, the Netherlands; and
| | - Jean-Paul Coutelier
- Unité de Médecine Experimentale, Institut de Pathologie Cellulaire, Université Catholique de Louvain, 1200 Bruxelles, Belgium;
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7
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Antibody-independent thrombocytopenia in lactate dehydrogenase-elevating virus-infected mice. J Virol 2012; 86:12414-6. [PMID: 22933286 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00745-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Previously we demonstrated that antibody-mediated thrombocytopenia is strongly enhanced by lactate dehydrogenase-elevating virus (LDV) infection. Here we report that mice infected with LDV develop a moderate thrombocytopenia, even in the absence of immunoglobulins or Fc receptors. A similar decrease of platelet counts was observed after mouse hepatitis virus infection. LDV-induced type I interferon-independent thrombocytopenia was partly suppressed by treatment with clodronate-containing liposomes. Therefore, we conclude that the thrombocytopenia results from increased phagocytosis of nonopsonized platelets by macrophages.
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8
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Nishimoto T, Satoh T, Takeuchi T, Ikeda Y, Kuwana M. Critical role of CD4(+)CD25(+) regulatory T cells in preventing murine autoantibody-mediated thrombocytopenia. Exp Hematol 2012; 40:279-89. [PMID: 22240606 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2012.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2011] [Revised: 12/05/2011] [Accepted: 01/03/2012] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Autoimmune response suppression by regulatory T cells (Tregs) helps to maintain peripheral immune tolerance, and defects in this mechanism are thought to play a role in the pathogenesis of various autoimmune diseases. In patients with immune thrombocytopenia, naturally occurring CD4(+)CD25(+) Tregs are both functionally impaired and reduced in number. This study was undertaken to investigate Tregs' role in preventing immune thrombocytopenia in mice. Treg-deficient mice were prepared by inoculation of Treg-depleted CD4(+)CD25(-) T cells isolated from BALB/c mice into syngeneic nude mice intravenously. Platelet count, proportion of reticulated platelets, platelet-associated IgG, platelet-associated anti-platelet antibodies, and IgG anti-platelet antibody production in splenocyte cultures were examined by flow cytometry. Of 69 Treg-deficient mice, 25 (36%) spontaneously developed thrombocytopenia that lasted at least 5 weeks. The platelet-associated IgG level and proportion of reticulated platelets were elevated in the thrombocytopenic mice. Platelet eluates and splenocyte culture supernatants prepared from thrombocytopenic mice, but not from nonthrombocytopenic mice, contained IgG antibodies capable of binding to intact platelets. Simultaneous transfer of Tregs completely prevented the onset of thrombocytopenia, but Treg transfer after the onset of thrombocytopenia had no apparent effect. Treatment with IgG anti-cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 antibody canceled this Treg-governed suppressive effect. In summary, these results indicate that Tregs play a critical role in preventing murine autoantibody-mediated thrombocytopenia by engaging cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen 4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuya Nishimoto
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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9
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TLR7 promotes Th1 polarization in immune thrombocytopenia. Thromb Res 2011; 128:237-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2011.02.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2010] [Revised: 02/11/2011] [Accepted: 02/23/2011] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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10
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Yang Q, Xu S, Li X, Wang B, Wang X, Ma D, Yang L, Peng J, Hou M. Pathway of Toll-like receptor 7/B cell activating factor/B cell activating factor receptor plays a role in immune thrombocytopenia in vivo. PLoS One 2011; 6:e22708. [PMID: 21818370 PMCID: PMC3144916 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0022708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2011] [Accepted: 06/28/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is an autoimmune disorder characterized by anti-platelet autoantibody-mediated platelet destruction. Antigen-presenting cell (APC) dysfunction is considered to play crucial roles in ITP. However, how APC affects autoreactive B cells in ITP is still unknown. Using a mouse model of immune thrombocytopenia, we demonstrated an increase in levels of TLR7 in splenic mononuclear cells (SMCs). Using both TLR7 agonist and TLR7 silencing lentivirus, we found stimulation of TLR7 decreased platelet counts and increased levels of platelet-associated IgG (PAIgG) in ITP mice, which correlates TLR7 with platelet destruction by autoantibodies. Levels of serum BAFF increased significantly in ITP mice and stimulation of TLR7 promoted secretion of BAFF. Among the three BAFF receptors, only BAFF receptor (BAFF-R) increased in ITP mice. However, activation of TLR7 showed no effect on the expression of BAFF receptors. These findings indicate that upregulation of TLR7 may augment BAFF secretion by APC and through ligation of BAFF-R promote autoreactive B cell survival and thus anti-platelet autoantibody production. The pathway of TLR7/BAFF/BAFF-R provides us with an explanation of how activation of APC affects autoantibody production by B cells in ITP and thus might provide a reasonable therapeutic strategy for ITP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Yang
- Department of Parasitology, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, China
- Haematology Oncology Centre, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Public Health, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Shuqian Xu
- Haematology Oncology Centre, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaofang Li
- Hematology Department, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bo Wang
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Public Health, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xuping Wang
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Public Health, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Daoxin Ma
- Haematology Oncology Centre, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Lei Yang
- Haematology Oncology Centre, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jun Peng
- Haematology Oncology Centre, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Ming Hou
- Haematology Oncology Centre, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- * E-mail:
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11
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Detalle L, Saxena A, Haddou NO, Uyttenhove C, Van Snick J, Coutelier JP. Characterization of the T-lymphocyte response elicited by mouse immunization with rat platelets. Exp Hematol 2011; 39:676-85. [PMID: 21397657 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2011.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2010] [Revised: 02/14/2011] [Accepted: 03/02/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Immunization of normal CBA mice with rat platelets leads to an autoantibody response directed against mouse platelets. The purpose of this work was to determine the involvement of T lymphocytes in this response. MATERIALS AND METHODS T-lymphocyte responses were analyzed in vivo by depletion and transfer experiments and ex vivo by proliferation assay and cytokine measurements. RESULTS Mouse immunization with rat platelets induced production of antibodies reacting with rat and mouse platelets. This response was found to depend on CD4(+) T-helper lymphocytes reacting with rat, but not with mouse platelets. These anti-rat platelet T-helper cells were mainly of the Th1 phenotype. When transferred into naïve mice, they enhanced the anti-mouse platelet antibody response induced by subsequent immunization with rat platelets. In addition, depletion of CD25(+) cells enhanced the thrombocytopenia induced by immunization with rat platelets, whereas adoptive transfer of CD4(+)CD25(+) cells from immunized mice suppressed it. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that activation of anti-rat platelet T-helper cells can bypass the mechanism of tolerance and result in the secretion of autoreactive antibodies, but this response is still controlled by regulatory T cells that develop progressively after immunization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurent Detalle
- Unit of Experimental Medicine, Christian de Duve Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
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12
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Detalle L, Su D, van Rooijen N, Coutelier JP. Immunoglobulin M antiplatelet autoantibodies from mice immunized with rat platelets induce thrombocytopenia and platelet function impairment. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2011; 235:1464-71. [PMID: 21127343 DOI: 10.1258/ebm.2010.010018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Antiplatelet monoclonal autoantibodies (mAbs) were derived from CBA mice immunized with rat platelets. Two IgM antiplatelet mAbs were further analyzed. L1C43 mAb bound a 150-160 kDa antigen, recognized activated platelets better than resting ones and impaired platelet adhesion, but not clot retraction. L1H31 mAb recognized a ±95 kDa molecule, bound similarly activated and resting platelets and did not modify platelet adhesion, but inhibited clot retraction. Both mAbs induced in vivo thrombocytopenia most likely through phagocytosis of opsonized platelets. These autoreactive antibodies can thus induce both platelet destruction and impairment of their function. They are reflective of autoantibodies found in human patients and may serve for further analysis of antiplatelet autoantibody pathogenicity and mechanisms of autoimmune disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurent Detalle
- The Unit of Experimental Medicine, Christian de Duve Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Avenue Hippocrate 74, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
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13
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Semple JW. Animal models of immune thrombocytopenia (ITP). Ann Hematol 2010; 89 Suppl 1:37-44. [PMID: 20336297 DOI: 10.1007/s00277-009-0882-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2009] [Accepted: 12/02/2009] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
With regards to research animal models related to immune thrombocytopenia (ITP), there is an extensive literature of over 300 publications published since 1959. It appears that many of these models either confirm what has been found in human ITP or, in some instances, are the first to describe a phenomenon related to ITP that is still of relevance today in human medicine. These models will undoubtedly play a significant role in the future research of human ITP particularly related to understanding of the pathogenesis of the disorder and the development of novel therapeutics. This review will highlight some of the major animal models utilized for ITP research and will present a somewhat historical aspect of the subject.
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Affiliation(s)
- John W Semple
- Toronto Platelet Immunobiology Group, Keenan Research Centre in the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's Hospital, Canadian Blood Services, Departments of Pharmacology, Medicine and Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada,
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14
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Wei H, Ding X, Ren J, Liu K, Tan P, Li D, Ma RZ. A murine model for human immune thrombocytopenic purpura and comparative analysis of multiple gene expression in bone marrow and spleen. J Genet Genomics 2008; 35:665-71. [DOI: 10.1016/s1673-8527(08)60088-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2008] [Revised: 10/10/2008] [Accepted: 10/12/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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15
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Root-Bernstein R, Couturier J. Antigenic complementarity in the origins of autoimmunity: a general theory illustrated with a case study of idiopathic thrombocytopenia purpura. Clin Dev Immunol 2006; 13:49-65. [PMID: 16603444 PMCID: PMC2270743 DOI: 10.1080/17402520600578731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
We describe a novel, testable theory of autoimmunity, outline novel predictions made by the theory, and illustrate its application to unravelling the possible causes of idiopathic thrombocytopenia purpura (ITP). Pairs of stereochemically complementary antigens induce complementary immune responses (antibody or T-cell) that create loss of regulation and civil war within the immune system itself. Antibodies attack antibodies creating circulating immune complexes; T-cells attack T-cells creating perivascular cuffing. This immunological civil war abrogates the self-nonself distinction. If at least one of the complementary antigens mimics a self antigen, then this unregulated immune response will target host tissues as well. Data demonstrating that complementary antigens are found in some animal models of autoimmunity and may be present in various human diseases, especially ITP, are reviewed. Specific mechanisms for preventing autoimmunity or suppressing existing autoimmunity are derived from the theory, and critical tests proposed. Finally, we argue that Koch's postulates are inadequate for establishing disease causation for multiple-antigen diseases and discuss the possibility that current research has failed to elucidate the causes of human autoimmune diseases because we are using the wrong criteria.
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Perlman S, Holmes KV. Gamma-interferon involvement in the pathogenesis of lactate dehydrogenase-elevating virus infection. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2006; 581:439-43. [PMID: 17037575 PMCID: PMC7123061 DOI: 10.1007/978-0-387-33012-9_79] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Stanley Perlman
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa, 52242 Iowa City, IA USA
| | - Kathryn V. Holmes
- Department of Microbiology, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center at Fitzsimons, 80045-8333 Aurora, CO USA
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Musaji A, Meite M, Detalle L, Franquin S, Cormont F, Préat V, Izui S, Coutelier JP. Enhancement of autoantibody pathogenicity by viral infections in mouse models of anemia and thrombocytopenia. Autoimmun Rev 2004; 4:247-52. [PMID: 15893720 PMCID: PMC7185387 DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2004.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2004] [Accepted: 11/26/2004] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Viral infections are involved in the pathogenesis of blood autoimmune diseases such as hemolytic anemia and thrombocytopenia. Although antigenic mimicry has been proposed as a major mechanism by which viruses could trigger the development of such diseases, it is not easy to understand how widely different viruses might induce these blood autoimmune diseases by this sole mechanism. In mice infected with lactate dehydrogenase-elevating virus (LDV), or mouse hepatitis virus, and treated with anti-erythrocyte or anti-platelet monoclonal autoantibodies at a dose insufficient to induce clinical disease by themselves, the infection sharply enhances the pathogenicity of autoantibodies, leading to severe anemia or thrombocytopenia. This effect is observed only with antibodies that induce disease through phagocytosis. Moreover, the phagocytic activity of macrophages from infected mice is increased and the enhancing effect of infection on autoantibody-mediated pathogenicity is strongly suppressed by treatment of mice with clodronate-containing liposomes. Finally, the disease induced by LDV after administration of autoantibodies is largely suppressed in animals deficient for gamma-interferon receptor. Together, these observations suggest that viruses may trigger autoantibody-mediated anemia or thrombocytopenia by activating macrophages through gamma-interferon production, a mechanism that may account for the pathogenic similarities of multiple infectious agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrei Musaji
- Unit of Experimental Medicine, Institute for Cellular and Molecular Pathology, Université catholique de Louvain, Av. Hippocrate 7430, B-1200 Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Mory Meite
- Unit of Experimental Medicine, Institute for Cellular and Molecular Pathology, Université catholique de Louvain, Av. Hippocrate 7430, B-1200 Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Laurent Detalle
- Unit of Experimental Medicine, Institute for Cellular and Molecular Pathology, Université catholique de Louvain, Av. Hippocrate 7430, B-1200 Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Stéphanie Franquin
- Unit of Experimental Medicine, Institute for Cellular and Molecular Pathology, Université catholique de Louvain, Av. Hippocrate 7430, B-1200 Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Françoise Cormont
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Institute for Cellular and Molecular Pathology, Université catholique de Louvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Véronique Préat
- Unit of Pharmaceutical Technology, Université catholique de Louvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Shozo Izui
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Centre Médical Universitaire, Université de Genève, Switzerland
| | - Jean-Paul Coutelier
- Unit of Experimental Medicine, Institute for Cellular and Molecular Pathology, Université catholique de Louvain, Av. Hippocrate 7430, B-1200 Bruxelles, Belgium
- Corresponding author. Tel.: +32 2 764 7437; fax: +32 2 764 7430.
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Musaji A, Cormont F, Thirion G, Cambiaso CL, Coutelier JP. Exacerbation of autoantibody-mediated thrombocytopenic purpura by infection with mouse viruses. Blood 2004; 104:2102-6. [PMID: 15205264 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2004-01-0310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Antigenic mimicry has been proposed as a major mechanism by which viruses could trigger the development of immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP). However, because antigenic mimicry implies epitope similarities between viral and self antigens, it is difficult to understand how widely different viruses can be involved by this sole mechanism in the pathogenesis of ITP. Here, we report that in mice treated with antiplatelet antibodies at a dose insufficient to induce clinical disease by themselves, infection with lactate dehydrogenase-elevating virus (LDV) was followed by severe thrombocytopenia and by the appearance of petechiae similar to those observed in patients with ITP. A similar exacerbation of antiplatelet-mediated thrombocytopenia was induced by mouse hepatitis virus. This enhancement of antiplatelet antibody pathogenicity by LDV was not observed with F(ab')2 fragments, suggesting that phagocytosis was involved in platelet destruction. Treatment of mice with clodronate-containing liposomes and with total immunoglobulin G (IgG) indicated that platelets were cleared by macrophages. The increase of thrombocytopenia triggered by LDV after administration of antiplatelet antibodies was largely suppressed in animals deficient for gamma-interferon receptor. Together, these results suggest that viruses may exacerbate autoantibody-mediated ITP by activating macrophages through gamma-interferon production, a mechanism that may account for the pathogenic similarities of multiple infectious agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrei Musaji
- Unit of Experimental Medicine, Institute for Cellular Pathology, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
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