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Durand C, Jolivet S, Le Neindre K, Couturier J, Lazare C, Montagne T, Nou G, Leplay C, Barbut F. Contamination of hospital drains and toilets by carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales: a prevalence study apart from any outbreak context. J Hosp Infect 2024; 147:221-223. [PMID: 38316258 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhin.2024.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- C Durand
- Unité de prévention du risque infectieux, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - S Jolivet
- Unité de prévention du risque infectieux, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - K Le Neindre
- 3PHM, UMR 1139, INSERM, Université de Paris, Faculté de Pharmacie Paris, Paris, France; Service de Microbiologie de l'Environnement, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - J Couturier
- 3PHM, UMR 1139, INSERM, Université de Paris, Faculté de Pharmacie Paris, Paris, France; Service de Microbiologie de l'Environnement, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - C Lazare
- Service de Microbiologie de l'Environnement, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - T Montagne
- Service de Microbiologie de l'Environnement, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - G Nou
- Unité de prévention du risque infectieux, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - C Leplay
- Pharmacie à Usage Intérieur, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - F Barbut
- Unité de prévention du risque infectieux, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France; 3PHM, UMR 1139, INSERM, Université de Paris, Faculté de Pharmacie Paris, Paris, France; Service de Microbiologie de l'Environnement, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France.
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2
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Skaug B, Guo X, Li YJ, Charles J, Pham KT, Couturier J, Lewis DE, Bracaglia C, Caiello I, Mayes MD, Assassi S. Reduced digestion of circulating genomic DNA in systemic sclerosis patients with the DNASE1L3 R206C variant. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2023; 62:3197-3204. [PMID: 36708011 PMCID: PMC10473277 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/kead050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 01/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Polymorphism in a coding region of deoxyribonuclease I-like III (DNASE1L3), causing amino acid substitution of Arg-206 to Cys (R206C), is a robustly replicated heritable risk factor for SSc and other autoimmune diseases. DNASE1L3 is secreted into the circulation, where it can digest genomic DNA (gDNA) in apoptosis-derived membrane vesicles (AdMVs). We sought to determine the impact of DNASE1L3 R206C on digestion of circulating gDNA in SSc patients and healthy controls (HCs). METHODS The ability of DNASE1L3 to digest AdMV-associated gDNA was tested in vitro. The effect of R206C substitution on extracellular secretion of DNASE1L3 was determined using a transfected cell line and primary monocyte-derived dendritic cells from SSc patients. Plasma samples from SSc patients and HCs with DNASE1L3 R206C or R206 wild type were compared for their ability to digest AdMV-associated gDNA. The digestion status of endogenous gDNA in plasma samples from 123 SSc patients and 74 HCs was determined by measuring the proportion of relatively long to short gDNA fragments. RESULTS The unique ability of DNASE1L3 to digest AdMV-associated gDNA was confirmed. Extracellular secretion of DNASE1L3 R206C was impaired. Plasma from individuals with DNASE1L3 R206C had reduced ability to digest AdMV-associated gDNA. The ratio of long: short gDNA fragments was increased in plasma from SSc patients with DNASE1L3 R206C, and this ratio correlated inversely with DNase activity. CONCLUSION Our results confirm that circulating gDNA is a physiological DNASE1L3 substrate and show that its digestion is reduced in SSc patients with the DNASE1L3 R206C variant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Skaug
- Division of Rheumatology, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Xinjian Guo
- Division of Rheumatology, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yuanteng Jeff Li
- Division of Rheumatology, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Julio Charles
- Division of Rheumatology, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Kay T Pham
- Division of Rheumatology, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jacob Couturier
- Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Dorothy E Lewis
- Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Claudia Bracaglia
- Division of Rheumatology, IRCCS Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, Rome, Italy
| | - Ivan Caiello
- Division of Rheumatology, IRCCS Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, Rome, Italy
| | - Maureen D Mayes
- Division of Rheumatology, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Shervin Assassi
- Division of Rheumatology, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, USA
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3
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Sayama S, Song A, Brown BC, Couturier J, Cai X, Xu P, Chen C, Zheng Y, Iriyama T, Sibai B, Longo M, Kellems RE, D'Alessandro A, Xia Y. Maternal erythrocyte ENT1-mediated AMPK activation counteracts placental hypoxia and supports fetal growth. JCI Insight 2020; 5:130205. [PMID: 32434995 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.130205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Insufficient O2 supply is frequently associated with fetal growth restriction (FGR), a leading cause of perinatal mortality and morbidity. Although the erythrocyte is the most abundant and only cell type to deliver O2 in our body, its function and regulatory mechanism in FGR remain unknown. Here, we report that genetic ablation of mouse erythrocyte equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1 (eENT1) in dams, but not placentas or fetuses, results in FGR. Unbiased high-throughput metabolic profiling coupled with in vitro and in vivo flux analyses with isotopically labeled tracers led us to discover that maternal eENT1-dependent adenosine uptake is critical in activating AMPK by controlling the AMP/ATP ratio and its downstream target, bisphosphoglycerate mutase (BPGM); in turn, BPGM mediates 2,3-BPG production, which enhances O2 delivery to maintain placental oxygenation. Mechanistically and functionally, we revealed that genetic ablation of maternal eENT1 increases placental HIF-1α; preferentially reduces placental large neutral aa transporter 1 (LAT1) expression, activity, and aa supply; and induces FGR. Translationally, we revealed that elevated HIF-1α directly reduces LAT1 gene expression in cultured human trophoblasts. We demonstrate the importance and molecular insight of maternal eENT1 in fetal growth and open up potentially new diagnostic and therapeutic possibilities for FGR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seisuke Sayama
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA.,Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Tokyo, Japan
| | - Anren Song
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Benjamin C Brown
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | | | - Xiaoli Cai
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Ping Xu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Changhan Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Yangxi Zheng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Takayuki Iriyama
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Tokyo, Japan
| | - Baha Sibai
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, and
| | - Monica Longo
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, and
| | - Rodney E Kellems
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA.,Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Angelo D'Alessandro
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Yang Xia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA.,Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
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4
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Farfour E, Si Larbi AG, Couturier J, Lecuru M, Decousser JW, Renvoise A, Faibis F, Lawrence C, Nerome S, Lecointe D, Barbut F, Karnycheff F, Barbahn N, Beaujon, Costa Y, Fontaine A, Lepainteur M, Seguier JC. Asymptomatic carriage of extensively drug-resistant bacteria (eXDR), a simple way to assess spontaneous clearance. J Hosp Infect 2020; 104:503-507. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jhin.2019.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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5
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Liu H, Hu PW, Budhiraja S, Misra A, Couturier J, Lloyd RE, Lewis DE, Kimata JT, Rice AP. PACS1 is an HIV-1 cofactor that functions in Rev-mediated nuclear export of viral RNA. Virology 2020; 540:88-96. [PMID: 31759187 PMCID: PMC7335006 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2019.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Revised: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
HIV-1 is dependent upon cellular proteins to mediate the many processes required for viral replication. One such protein, PACS1, functions to localize Furin to the trans-Golgi network where Furin cleaves HIV-1 gp160 Envelope into gp41 and gp120. We show here that PACS1 also shuttles between the nucleus and cytoplasm, associates with the viral Rev protein and its cofactor CRM1, and contributes to nuclear export of viral transcripts. PACS1 appears specific to the Rev-CRM1 pathway and not other retroviral RNA export pathways. Over-expression of PACS1 increases nuclear export of unspliced viral RNA and significantly increases p24 expression in HIV-1-infected Jurkat CD4+ T cells. SiRNA depletion and over-expression experiments suggest that PACS1 may promote trafficking of HIV-1 GagPol RNA to a pathway distinct from that of translation on polyribosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongbing Liu
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, USA
| | - Pei-Wen Hu
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, USA
| | | | - Anisha Misra
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, USA
| | - Jacob Couturier
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Dorothy E Lewis
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Andrew P Rice
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, USA; Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
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6
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Lenton-Brym T, Rodrigues A, Johnson N, Couturier J, Toulany A. A scoping review of the role of primary care providers and primary care-based interventions in the treatment of pediatric eating disorders. Eat Disord 2020; 28:47-66. [PMID: 30664402 DOI: 10.1080/10640266.2018.1560853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Youth with eating disorders are often cared for by specialized interdisciplinary teams in pediatric tertiary care centers. Enhanced involvement of primary care providers may provide added benefits to patients because it offers improved access, better continuity of care, and possibly less financial burden. This paper aims to synthesize and assess the literature on the role of the primary care provider in treating pediatric eating disorders in order to identify an optimal model of shared care. Sources were identified by entering search terms in 10 databases. Eligible sources were English publications focusing on primary care-based interventions for eating disorders in youth (=<24 years). The search yielded 5,516 unique citations. Of these, 61 were ultimately included. Sources fell into two categories: (1) primary research (n = 3) and (2) reviews with recommendations for primary care providers (n = 58). The primary studies considered the primary care provider conducting behavioral therapy and guided self-help. Review articles suggested providing education, assessing for hospitalization, aiding in weight restoration, managing complications, referring, and coordinating care. Limited evidence exists that can guide effective primary care-based interventions for the treatment of pediatric eating disorders. Further research is needed to develop and evaluate interventions for the treatment of pediatric eating disorders in primary care settings so that best practices can be identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Lenton-Brym
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - A Rodrigues
- Division of Adolescent Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - N Johnson
- Division of Adolescent Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - J Couturier
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - A Toulany
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Division of Adolescent Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
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7
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Couturier J, Nuotio-Antar AM, Agarwal N, Wilkerson GK, Saha P, Kulkarni V, Lakhashe SK, Esquivel J, Nehete PN, Ruprecht RM, Sastry KJ, Meyer JM, Hill LR, Lake JE, Balasubramanyam A, Lewis DE. Lymphocytes upregulate CD36 in adipose tissue and liver. Adipocyte 2019; 8:154-163. [PMID: 31035848 PMCID: PMC6768236 DOI: 10.1080/21623945.2019.1609202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
CD36 is a multifunctional scavenger receptor and lipid transporter implicated in metabolic and inflammatory pathologies, as well as cancer progression. CD36 is known to be expressed by adipocytes and monocytes/macrophages, but its expression by T cells is not clearly established. We found that CD4 and CD8 T cells in adipose tissue and liver of humans, monkeys, and mice upregulated CD36 expression (ranging from ~5–40% CD36+), whereas little to no CD36 was expressed by T cells in blood, spleen, and lymph nodes. CD36 was expressed predominantly by resting CD38-, HLA.DR-, and PD-1- adipose tissue T cells in monkeys, and increased during high-fat feeding in mice. Adipose tissue and liver promote a distinct phenotype in resident T cells characterized by CD36 upregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob Couturier
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Alli M. Nuotio-Antar
- US Department of Agriculture/Agricultural Research Center, Children’s Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Neeti Agarwal
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Gregory K. Wilkerson
- Department of Comparative Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Bastrop, TX, USA
| | - Pradip Saha
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Viraj Kulkarni
- Department of Virology and Immunology, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Samir K. Lakhashe
- Department of Virology and Immunology, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Juan Esquivel
- Department of Virology and Immunology, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Pramod N. Nehete
- Department of Comparative Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Bastrop, TX, USA
| | - Ruth M. Ruprecht
- Department of Virology and Immunology, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - K. Jagannadha Sastry
- Department of Immunology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jennifer M. Meyer
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Lori R. Hill
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jordan E. Lake
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ashok Balasubramanyam
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Dorothy E. Lewis
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
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8
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Liu Y, Tian X, He B, Hoang TK, Taylor CM, Blanchard E, Freeborn J, Park S, Luo M, Couturier J, Tran DQ, Roos S, Wu G, Rhoads JM. Lactobacillus reuteri DSM 17938 feeding of healthy newborn mice regulates immune responses while modulating gut microbiota and boosting beneficial metabolites. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2019; 317:G824-G838. [PMID: 31482733 PMCID: PMC6962498 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00107.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2019] [Revised: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Early administration of Lactobacillus reuteri DSM 17938 (LR) prevents necrotizing enterocolitis and inhibits regulatory T-cell (Treg)-deficiency-associated autoimmunity in mice. In humans, LR reduces crying time in breastfed infants with colic, modifies severity in infants with acute diarrheal illnesses, and improves pain in children with functional bowel disorders. In healthy breastfed newborns with evolving microbial colonization, it is unclear if early administration of LR can modulate gut microbiota and their metabolites in such a way as to promote homeostasis. We gavaged LR (107 colony-forming units/day, daily) to C57BL/6J mice at age of day 8 for 2 wk. Both male and female mice were investigated in these experiments. We found that feeding LR did not affect clinical phenotype or inflammatory biomarkers in plasma and stool, but LR increased the proportion of Foxp3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) in the intestine. LR also increased bacterial diversity and the relative abundance of p_Firmicutes, f_Lachnospiraceae, f_Ruminococcaceae, and genera Clostridium and Candidatus arthromitus, while decreasing the relative abundance of p_Bacteriodetes, f_Bacteroidaceae, f_Verrucomicrobiaceae, and genera Bacteroides, Ruminococcus, Akkermansia, and Sutterella. Finally, LR exerted a major impact on the plasma metabolome, upregulating amino acid metabolites formed via the urea, tricarboxylic acid, and methionine cycles and increasing tryptophan metabolism. In conclusion, early oral administration of LR to healthy breastfed mice led to microbial and metabolic changes which could be beneficial to general health.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Oral administration of Lactobacillus reuteri DSM 17938 (LR) to healthy breastfed mice promotes intestinal immune tolerance and is linked to proliferation of beneficial gut microbiota. LR upregulates plasma metabolites that are involved in the urea cycle, the TCA cycle, methionine methylation, and the polyamine pathway. Herein, we show that LR given to newborn mice specifically increases levels of tryptophan metabolites and the purine nucleoside adenosine that are known to enhance tolerance to inflammatory stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuying Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston McGovern Medical School, Houston, Texas
| | - Xiangjun Tian
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Baokun He
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston McGovern Medical School, Houston, Texas
| | - Thomas K Hoang
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston McGovern Medical School, Houston, Texas
| | - Christopher M Taylor
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Louisiana State University, School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Eugene Blanchard
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Louisiana State University, School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Jasmin Freeborn
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston McGovern Medical School, Houston, Texas
| | - Sinyoung Park
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston McGovern Medical School, Houston, Texas
| | - Meng Luo
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Louisiana State University, School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Jacob Couturier
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston McGovern Medical School, Houston, Texas
| | - Dat Q Tran
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston McGovern Medical School, Houston, Texas
| | - Stefan Roos
- Department of Microbiology, Uppsala BioCenter, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Guoyao Wu
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - J Marc Rhoads
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston McGovern Medical School, Houston, Texas
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9
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Chaves C, Gaumé M, Salauze B, Couturier J, Barbut F, Vialle R. Bacterial contamination of medical file folders in operating rooms. Clin Microbiol Infect 2019; 25:1293-1294. [PMID: 31212077 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2019.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Revised: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 06/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C Chaves
- Service de Chirurgie Orthopédique Pédiatrique, Hôpital Armand-Trousseau, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France.
| | - M Gaumé
- Service de Chirurgie Orthopédique Pédiatrique, Hôpital Armand-Trousseau, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France
| | - B Salauze
- Equipe Opérationnelle d'Hygiène, Hôpital Armand-Trousseau, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France
| | - J Couturier
- Service de Microbiologie de l'Environnement, Groupe Hospitalier de l'Est Parisien, Hôpital Saint Antoine, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - F Barbut
- Service de Microbiologie de l'Environnement, Groupe Hospitalier de l'Est Parisien, Hôpital Saint Antoine, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - R Vialle
- Service de Chirurgie Orthopédique Pédiatrique, Hôpital Armand-Trousseau, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The purpose of this review is to examine the evidence describing adipose tissue as a reservoir for HIV-1 and how this often expansive anatomic compartment contributes to HIV persistence. RECENT FINDINGS Memory CD4 T cells and macrophages, the major host cells for HIV, accumulate in adipose tissue during HIV/SIV infection of humans and rhesus macaques. Whereas HIV and SIV proviral DNA is detectable in CD4 T cells of multiple fat depots in virtually all infected humans and monkeys examined, viral RNA is less frequently detected, and infected macrophages may be less prevalent in adipose tissue. However, based on viral outgrowth assays, adipose-resident CD4 T cells are latently infected with virus that is replication-competent and infectious. Additionally, adipocytes interact with CD4 T cells and macrophages to promote immune cell activation and inflammation which may be supportive for HIV persistence. Antiviral effector cells, such as CD8 T cells and NK/NKT cells, are abundant in adipose tissue during HIV/SIV infection and typically exceed CD4 T cells, whereas B cells are largely absent from adipose tissue of humans and monkeys. Additionally, CD8 T cells in adipose tissue of HIV patients are activated and have a late differentiated phenotype, with unique TCR clonotypes of less diversity relative to blood CD8 T cells. With respect to the distribution of antiretroviral drugs in adipose tissue, data is limited, but there may be class-specific penetration of fat depots. The trafficking of infected immune cells within adipose tissues is a common event during HIV/SIV infection of humans and monkeys, but the virus may be mostly transcriptionally dormant. Viral replication may occur less in adipose tissue compared to other major reservoirs, such as lymphoid tissue, but replication competence and infectiousness of adipose latent virus are comparable to other tissues. Due to the ubiquitous nature of adipose tissue, inflammatory interactions among adipocytes and CD4 T cells and macrophages, and selective distribution of antiretroviral drugs, the sequestration of infected immune cells within fat depots likely represents a major challenge for cure efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob Couturier
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 6431 Fannin St., MSB 2.112, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Dorothy E Lewis
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 6431 Fannin St., MSB 2.112, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
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11
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Liu Y, He B, Hoang TK, Tian X, Taylor CM, Blanchard EE, Luo M, Bhattacharjee MB, Freeborn J, Park S, Couturier J, Lindsey JW, Tran DQ, Rhoads JM. Lactobacillus reuteri reduces the severity of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in mice by modulating gut microbiota. The Journal of Immunology 2019. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.202.supp.193.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
The gut microbiome plays an important role in immune function and has been implicated in multiple sclerosis (MS). However, how to modulate microbiota to prevent or treat MS remain largely unknown. Probiotic Lactobacillus reuteri DSM 17938 (L. reuteri) has anti-inflammatory effects in mouse models of neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis and Treg-deficiency-induced autoimmune disease. L. reuteri in these models modulated gut microbiota and microbiota-associated metabolites to inhibit TH1 and TH2 differentiation and their-associated cytokines, significantly ameliorating the severity of these diseases. An in vitro study indicated that L. reuteri inhibits the differentiation of naïve CD4+T cells into TH17 and TH1 cells. We determined the effect of L. reuteri on experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) mouse model, a widely used animal model of MS, a model which is primarily mediated by TH17 and TH1 cells. We discovered that L. reuteri treatment reduced TH1/TH17 cells and their associated cytokines IFN-γ/IL-17 in EAE, inhibiting the development of EAE. We also showed that the loss of diversity in gut microbiota induced by EAE was largely restored by L. reuteri treatment. Taxonomy-based analysis of gut microbiota showed that the “beneficial” genera Bifidobacterium, Prevotella, and Lactobacillus were negatively correlated with EAE clinical severity scores, whereas the genera Anaeroplasma, Rikenellaceae, and Clostridium were positively correlated. Notably, L. reuteri treatment altered the relative abundances of these EAE-associated taxa in mice. In conclusion, probiotic L. reuteri changed gut microbiota to modulate immune responses in EAE, making it a novel candidate in future studies to modify the severity of MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuying Liu
- 1Department of Pediatrics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX
| | - Baokun He
- 1Department of Pediatrics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX
| | - Thomas K Hoang
- 1Department of Pediatrics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX
| | - Xiangjun Tian
- 2Department of Bioinformatics & Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Christopher M Taylor
- 3Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Parasitology, Louisiana State University, School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA
| | - Eugene E Blanchard
- 3Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Parasitology, Louisiana State University, School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA
| | - Meng Luo
- 3Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Parasitology, Louisiana State University, School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA
| | - Meenakshi B Bhattacharjee
- 4Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX
| | - Jasmin Freeborn
- 1Department of Pediatrics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX
| | - Sinyoung Park
- 1Department of Pediatrics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX
| | - Jacob Couturier
- 5Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX
| | - J William Lindsey
- 6Department of Neurology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX
| | - Dat Q Tran
- 1Department of Pediatrics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX
| | - J Marc Rhoads
- 1Department of Pediatrics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX
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He B, Hoang TK, Tian X, Taylor CM, Blanchard E, Luo M, Bhattacharjee MB, Freeborn J, Park S, Couturier J, Lindsey JW, Tran DQ, Rhoads JM, Liu Y. Lactobacillus reuteri Reduces the Severity of Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis in Mice by Modulating Gut Microbiota. Front Immunol 2019; 10:385. [PMID: 30899262 PMCID: PMC6416370 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiome plays an important role in immune function and has been implicated in multiple sclerosis (MS). However, how and if the modulation of microbiota can prevent or treat MS remain largely unknown. In this study, we showed that probiotic Lactobacillus reuteri DSM 17938 (L. reuteri) ameliorated the development of murine experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), a widely used animal model of MS, a model which is primarily mediated by TH17 and TH1 cells. We discovered that L. reuteri treatment reduced TH1/TH17 cells and their associated cytokines IFN-γ/IL-17 in EAE mice. We also showed that the loss of diversity of gut microbiota induced by EAE was largely restored by L. reuteri treatment. Taxonomy-based analysis of gut microbiota showed that three “beneficial” genera Bifidobacterium, Prevotella, and Lactobacillus were negatively correlated with EAE clinical severity, whereas the genera Anaeroplasma, Rikenellaceae, and Clostridium were positively correlated with disease severity. Notably, L. reuteri treatment coordinately altered the relative abundance of these EAE-associated taxa. In conclusion, probiotic L. reuteri changed gut microbiota to modulate immune responses in EAE, making it a novel candidate in future studies to modify the severity of MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baokun He
- Division of Gastroenterology, Departments of Pediatrics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston-McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Thomas K Hoang
- Division of Gastroenterology, Departments of Pediatrics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston-McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Xiangjun Tian
- Department of Bioinformatics & Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Christopher M Taylor
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Parasitology, Louisiana State University, School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Eugene Blanchard
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Parasitology, Louisiana State University, School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Meng Luo
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Parasitology, Louisiana State University, School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Meenakshi B Bhattacharjee
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston-McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Jasmin Freeborn
- Division of Gastroenterology, Departments of Pediatrics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston-McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Sinyoung Park
- Division of Gastroenterology, Departments of Pediatrics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston-McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Jacob Couturier
- Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston-McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, United States
| | - John William Lindsey
- Neurology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston-McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Dat Q Tran
- Division of Gastroenterology, Departments of Pediatrics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston-McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Jon Marc Rhoads
- Division of Gastroenterology, Departments of Pediatrics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston-McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Yuying Liu
- Division of Gastroenterology, Departments of Pediatrics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston-McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, United States
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Couturier J, Orozco AF, Liu H, Budhiraja S, Siwak EB, Nehete PN, Sastry KJ, Rice AP, Lewis DE. Regulation of cyclin T1 during HIV replication and latency establishment in human memory CD4 T cells. Virol J 2019; 16:22. [PMID: 30786885 PMCID: PMC6381639 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-019-1128-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The regulatory cyclin, Cyclin T1 (CycT1), is a host factor essential for HIV-1 replication in CD4 T cells and macrophages. The importance of CycT1 and the Positive Transcription Elongation Factor b (P-TEFb) complex for HIV replication is well-established, but regulation of CycT1 expression and protein levels during HIV replication and latency establishment in CD4 T cells is less characterized. Methods To better define the regulation of CycT1 levels during HIV replication in CD4 T cells, multiparameter flow cytometry was utilized to study the interaction between HIV replication (intracellular p24) and CycT1 of human peripheral blood memory CD4 T cells infected with HIV in vitro. CycT1 was further examined in CD4 T cells of human lymph nodes. Results In activated (CD3+CD28 costimulation) uninfected blood memory CD4 T cells, CycT1 was most significantly upregulated in maximally activated (CD69+CD25+ and HLA.DR+CD38+) cells. In memory CD4 T cells infected with HIV in vitro, two distinct infected populations of p24+CycT1+ and p24+CycT1- cells were observed during 7 days infection, suggestive of different phases of productive HIV replication and subsequent latency establishment. Intriguingly, p24+CycT1- cells were the predominant infected population in activated CD4 T cells, raising the possibility that productively infected cells may transition into latency subsequent to CycT1 downregulation. Additionally, when comparing infected p24+ cells to bystander uninfected p24- cells (after bulk HIV infections), HIV replication significantly increased T cell activation (CD69, CD25, HLA.DR, CD38, and Ki67) without concomitantly increasing CycT1 protein levels, possibly due to hijacking of P-TEFb by the viral Tat protein. Lastly, CycT1 was constitutively expressed at higher levels in lymph node CD4 T cells compared to blood T cells, potentially enhancing latency generation in lymphoid tissues. Conclusions CycT1 is most highly upregulated in maximally activated memory CD4 T cells as expected, but may become less associated with T cell activation during HIV replication. The progression into latency may further be predicated by substantial generation of p24+CycT1- cells during HIV replication. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12985-019-1128-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob Couturier
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Aaron F Orozco
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Hongbing Liu
- Department of Molecular Virology & Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Sona Budhiraja
- Department of Molecular Virology & Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Edward B Siwak
- Department of Molecular Virology & Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Pramod N Nehete
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Bastrop, TX, USA
| | - K Jagannadha Sastry
- Department of Immunology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Andrew P Rice
- Department of Molecular Virology & Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Dorothy E Lewis
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
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Best E, Parnell P, Couturier J, Barbut F, Le Bozec A, Arnoldo L, Madia A, Brusaferro S, Wilcox MH. Corrigendum to "Environmental contamination by bacteria in hospital washrooms according to hand-drying method: a multi-centre study" [J Hospital Infection 100 (2018) 469-475]. J Hosp Infect 2019; 101:487. [PMID: 30712960 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhin.2019.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- E Best
- Microbiology, Leeds Teaching Hospitals, Leeds, UK
| | - P Parnell
- Microbiology, Leeds Teaching Hospitals, Leeds, UK
| | - J Couturier
- CHU Saint Antoine, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - F Barbut
- CHU Saint Antoine, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - A Le Bozec
- CHU Saint Antoine, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - L Arnoldo
- Department of Medicine, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - A Madia
- Department of Medicine, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - S Brusaferro
- Department of Medicine, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - M H Wilcox
- Microbiology, Leeds Teaching Hospitals, Leeds, UK; University of Leeds, Leeds, UK.
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Barbut F, Day N, Bouée S, Youssouf A, Grandvoinnet L, Lalande V, Couturier J, Eckert C. Toxigenic Clostridium difficile carriage in general practice: results of a laboratory-based cohort study. Clin Microbiol Infect 2019; 25:588-594. [PMID: 30616013 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2018.12.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2018] [Revised: 12/08/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Reported rates of community-acquired Clostridium difficile infections (CDIs) have been increasing. However, the true burden of the disease in general practice is unknown in France. Our objective was to determine the incidence of toxigenic C. difficile carriage and the percentage of stool samples prescribed by general practitioners (GPs) which contained free C. difficile toxins. METHODS During an 11-month period, all stool samples submitted for any enteric pathogen detection to 15 different private laboratories in Paris and the surrounding areas were tested for C. difficile, irrespective of the GPs' request. A clinical questionnaire was completed for each patient. Stool samples were screened using a rapid simultaneous glutamate dehydrogenase and toxins A/B detection test: any positive result (glutamate dehydrogenase or toxin) was further confirmed by the stool cytotoxicity assay (CTA) on MRC-5 cells and by toxigenic culture (TC) at a central laboratory. The C. difficile isolates were characterized by PCR ribotyping. RESULTS A total of 2541 patients (1295 female, 1246 male) were included. The incidences of patients with a positive toxigenic culture and a positive CTA were 3.27% (95% CI 2.61%-4.03%) and 1.81% (95% CI 1.33%-2.41%), respectively. GPs requested C. difficile testing in only 12.93% of the stool samples, detecting 52.30% of all TC-positive patients. The 83 toxigenic C. difficile strains belonged to 36 different PCR ribotypes. CONCLUSIONS Toxigenic C. difficile carriage is frequent in general practice but remains under-recognized. It may affect young patients without previous antimicrobial therapy or hospitalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Barbut
- National Reference Laboratory for Clostridium difficile, Paris, France; Department of Bacteriology, AP-HP, Saint-Antoine Hospital, Hôpitaux Universitaires de l'Est Parisien, Paris, France; INSERM 1139, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France.
| | - N Day
- Laboratory of Chemin Vert, Paris, France
| | - S Bouée
- CEMKA-EVAL, Bourg la Reine, France
| | - A Youssouf
- National Reference Laboratory for Clostridium difficile, Paris, France; Department of Bacteriology, AP-HP, Saint-Antoine Hospital, Hôpitaux Universitaires de l'Est Parisien, Paris, France
| | | | - V Lalande
- Department of Bacteriology, AP-HP, Saint-Antoine Hospital, Hôpitaux Universitaires de l'Est Parisien, Paris, France
| | - J Couturier
- National Reference Laboratory for Clostridium difficile, Paris, France; Department of Bacteriology, AP-HP, Saint-Antoine Hospital, Hôpitaux Universitaires de l'Est Parisien, Paris, France
| | - C Eckert
- National Reference Laboratory for Clostridium difficile, Paris, France; Department of Bacteriology, AP-HP, Saint-Antoine Hospital, Hôpitaux Universitaires de l'Est Parisien, Paris, France; Sorbonne Université, Centre d'immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses-Paris (CIMI), Paris, France.
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Liu H, Hu PW, Couturier J, Lewis DE, Rice AP. HIV-1 replication in CD4 + T cells exploits the down-regulation of antiviral NEAT1 long non-coding RNAs following T cell activation. Virology 2018; 522:193-198. [PMID: 30036787 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2018.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Revised: 07/14/2018] [Accepted: 07/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The related NEAT1_1 and NEAT1_2 long noncoding RNAs (lnc RNAs) have been recently implicated in innate immunity against viral infection. We used CRISPR-Cas9 to generate Jurkat CD4+ T cell lines with a knockout (KO) of the NEAT1 gene. Viabilities of NEAT1 KO Jurkat lines were indistinguishable from parental Jurkat cells, as was the induction of CD69 after T cell activation. The KO lines were however more sensitive to the induction of apoptosis than parental Jurkat cells. HIV-1 replication was higher in the KO lines than parental Jurkat cells, demonstrating an anti-HIV function of NEAT1 lncRNAs. We observed a strong down-regulation of NEAT1 lncRNAs following activation of resting peripheral blood mononuclear cells and purified CD4+ T cells. These findings indicate that HIV-1 infection exploits the normal down-regulation of anti-viral NEAT1 lncRNAs in activated CD4+ T cells to enhance viral replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongbing Liu
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Pei-Wen Hu
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jacob Couturier
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Dorothy E Lewis
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Andrew P Rice
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
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Best E, Parnell P, Couturier J, Barbut F, Le Bozec A, Arnoldo L, Madia A, Brusaferro S, Wilcox MH. Environmental contamination by bacteria in hospital washrooms according to hand-drying method: a multi-centre study. J Hosp Infect 2018; 100:469-475. [PMID: 30006281 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhin.2018.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 07/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hand hygiene is a fundamental component of infection prevention, but few studies have examined whether hand-drying method affects the risk of dissemination of potential pathogens. AIM To perform a multi-centre, internal-crossover study comparing bacterial contamination levels in washrooms with hand-drying by either paper towels (PT) or jet air dryer (JAD; Dyson). METHODS A total of 120 sampling sessions occurred over 12 weeks in each of three hospitals (UK, France, Italy). Bacteria were cultured from air, multiple surfaces, and dust. Washroom footfall (patients/visitors/staff) was monitored externally. FINDINGS Footfall was nine times higher in UK washrooms. Bacterial contamination was lower in PT versus JAD washrooms; contamination was similar in France and the UK, but markedly lower in Italian washrooms. Total bacterial recovery was significantly greater from JAD versus PT dispenser surfaces at all sites (median: 100-300 vs 0-10 cfu; all P < 0.0001). In the UK and France, significantly more bacteria were recovered from JAD washroom floors (median: 24 vs 191 cfu, P < 0.00001). UK meticillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus recovery was three times more frequent and six-fold higher for JAD vs PT surfaces (both P < 0.0001). UK meticillin-resistant S. aureus recovery was three times more frequent (21 vs 7 cfu) from JAD versus PT surfaces or floors. Significantly more enterococci and extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing bacteria were recovered from UK JAD versus PT washroom floors (P < 0.0001). In France, ESBL-producing bacteria were recovered from dust twice as often during JAD versus PT use. CONCLUSION Multiple examples of significant differences in surface bacterial contamination, including by faecal and antibiotic-resistant bacteria, were observed, with higher levels in JAD versus PT washrooms. Hand-drying method affects the risk of (airborne) dissemination of bacteria in real-world settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Best
- Microbiology, Leeds Teaching Hospitals, Leeds, UK
| | - P Parnell
- Microbiology, Leeds Teaching Hospitals, Leeds, UK
| | - J Couturier
- CHU Saint Antoine, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - F Barbut
- CHU Saint Antoine, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - A Le Bozec
- CHU Saint Antoine, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - L Arnoldo
- Department of Medicine, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - A Madia
- Department of Medicine, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - S Brusaferro
- Department of Medicine, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - M H Wilcox
- Microbiology, Leeds Teaching Hospitals, Leeds, UK; University of Leeds, Leeds, UK.
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Gateau C, Couturier J, Coia J, Barbut F. How to: diagnose infection caused by Clostridium difficile. Clin Microbiol Infect 2018; 24:463-468. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2017.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2017] [Revised: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 12/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Couturier J, Winchester LC, Suliburk JW, Wilkerson GK, Podany AT, Agarwal N, Xuan Chua CY, Nehete PN, Nehete BP, Grattoni A, Sastry KJ, Fletcher CV, Lake JE, Balasubramanyam A, Lewis DE. Adipocytes impair efficacy of antiretroviral therapy. Antiviral Res 2018; 154:140-148. [PMID: 29630975 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2018.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2017] [Revised: 03/31/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Adequate distribution of antiretroviral drugs to infected cells in HIV patients is critical for viral suppression. In humans and primates, HIV- and SIV-infected CD4 T cells in adipose tissues have recently been identified as reservoirs for infectious virus. To better characterize adipose tissue as a pharmacological sanctuary for HIV-infected cells, in vitro experiments were conducted to assess antiretroviral drug efficacy in the presence of adipocytes, and drug penetration in adipose tissue cells (stromal-vascular-fraction cells and mature adipocytes) was examined in treated humans and monkeys. Co-culture experiments between HIV-1-infected CD4 T cells and primary human adipocytes showed that adipocytes consistently reduced the antiviral efficacy of the nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitor tenofovir and its prodrug forms tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) and tenofovir alafenamide (TAF). In HIV-infected persons, LC-MS/MS analysis of intracellular lysates derived from adipose tissue stromal-vascular-fraction cells or mature adipocytes suggested that integrase inhibitors penetrate adipose tissue, whereas penetration of nucleoside/nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors such as TDF, emtricitabine, abacavir, and lamivudine is restricted. The limited distribution and functions of key antiretroviral drugs within fat depots may contribute to viral persistence in adipose tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob Couturier
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Lee C Winchester
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - James W Suliburk
- Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Gregory K Wilkerson
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Bastrop, TX, USA
| | - Anthony T Podany
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Neeti Agarwal
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Pramod N Nehete
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Bastrop, TX, USA
| | - Bharti P Nehete
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Bastrop, TX, USA
| | - Alessandro Grattoni
- Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA
| | - K Jagannadha Sastry
- Department of Immunology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Courtney V Fletcher
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Jordan E Lake
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ashok Balasubramanyam
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Dorothy E Lewis
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA.
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Fadul N, Couturier J, Yu X, Kozinetz C, Arduino R, Lewis DE. Treatment-Naïve HIV-Infected Patients Have Fewer Gut-Homing β7 Memory CD4 T Cells than Healthy Controls. South Med J 2017; 110:709-713. [PMID: 29100221 DOI: 10.14423/smj.0000000000000730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The integrin α4β7 is the gut-homing receptor for lymphocytes. It also is an important co-receptor for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) via glycoprotein (gp)120 binding. Depletion of gut cluster of differentiation (CD)4 T cells is linked to chronic inflammation in patients with HIV; however, measuring CD4 cells in the gut is invasive and not routine. As such, establishing a peripheral marker for CD4 depletion of the gut is needed. We hypothesized that α4β7 CD4 T cells are depleted in the peripheral blood of treatment-naïve patients with HIV compared with healthy controls. METHODS The study groups were treatment-naïve patients with HIV and uninfected controls. Subjects were included if they were 18 years or older with no history of opportunistic infections, active tuberculosis, or cancer. We collected peripheral blood and examined on whole blood using flow cytometry for the following cell surface markers: CD4, CD45RO, chemokine receptor type 5, C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4), and the integrin β7. We collected demographic information, including age, sex, and ethnicity, as well as viral load (VL) and CD4 count. Two-sample t tests and Fisher exact tests were used to compare the differences between the two groups. Spearman correlation coefficients were calculated between CD4 count and log10- VL and percentage of CD4+/CD45RO+/β7+ and log10- VL in patients. RESULTS Twenty-two subjects were enrolled in the study (12 patients with HIV and 10 controls). There were no differences in age or sex between the two groups. There were more Hispanics and fewer Asians in the group comprising patients with HIV compared with the control group (7 vs 2 and 0 vs 4, P = 0.05, respectively). Patients infected with HIV had significantly lower frequencies of CD4+/CD45RO+/β7+ cells (median 12%, range 5-18 compared with uninfected controls: median 20%, range 11-26, P = 0.0007). There was a statistically significant difference in the percentage of CD4+/CD45RO+/C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4+ cells between patients (72%, range 60%-91%) compared with controls (79%, range 72%-94%, P = 0.04). The percentage of CD4+/CD45RO+/chemokine receptor type 5+ did not differ between the group of patients with HIV and the control groups (22%, range 11%-57% vs 27%, range 14%-31%; P = 0.8, respectively). There was no correlation between percentage of CD4+/CD45RO+/β+ cells and log10- VL as measured by the Spearman correlation coefficient (r = 0.05, P = 0.88) in patients infected with HIV. CONCLUSIONS Memory CD4 β7+ cells are reduced significantly in the peripheral blood of untreated patients infected with HIV, which could be used as a noninvasive indicator of intestinal CD4 T cell loss and recovery. Further studies are needed to examine whether depletion of these CD4+/CD45RO+/β7+ cells in the peripheral blood parallels depletion in the gut of treatment-naïve patients with HIV and whether levels return to control levels after treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nada Fadul
- From the Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, the Department of Internal Medicine, Divison of Infectious Diseases, University of Texas Medical School at Houston, Houston, and the Department of Pediatrics, Section of Epidemiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Jacob Couturier
- From the Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, the Department of Internal Medicine, Divison of Infectious Diseases, University of Texas Medical School at Houston, Houston, and the Department of Pediatrics, Section of Epidemiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Xiaoying Yu
- From the Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, the Department of Internal Medicine, Divison of Infectious Diseases, University of Texas Medical School at Houston, Houston, and the Department of Pediatrics, Section of Epidemiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Claudia Kozinetz
- From the Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, the Department of Internal Medicine, Divison of Infectious Diseases, University of Texas Medical School at Houston, Houston, and the Department of Pediatrics, Section of Epidemiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Roberto Arduino
- From the Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, the Department of Internal Medicine, Divison of Infectious Diseases, University of Texas Medical School at Houston, Houston, and the Department of Pediatrics, Section of Epidemiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Dorothy E Lewis
- From the Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, the Department of Internal Medicine, Divison of Infectious Diseases, University of Texas Medical School at Houston, Houston, and the Department of Pediatrics, Section of Epidemiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
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Couturier J, Lock J, Kimber M, McVey G, Barwick M, Niccols A, Webb C, Findlay S, Woodford T. Themes arising in clinical consultation for therapists implementing family-based treatment for adolescents with anorexia nervosa: a qualitative study. J Eat Disord 2017; 5:28. [PMID: 28878927 PMCID: PMC5582386 DOI: 10.1186/s40337-017-0161-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2017] [Accepted: 06/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Our study aims to explore and describe themes arising in sessions of clinical consultation with therapists implementing Family-Based Treatment (FBT) for adolescents with Anorexia Nervosa (AN). There is currently no literature describing the content of clinical consultation for FBT. Thus, this knowledge will add to the evidence-base on what therapists need from consultants in ongoing clinical consultation. METHODS Eight therapists at four sites participated in this study, which spanned a two-year period. Following a two-day training workshop, each therapist treated at least one adolescent patient presenting with a restrictive eating disorder with FBT, focusing on adherence to the treatment manual. Clinical consultation sessions occurred monthly and were led by an external FBT expert. Thirty-five (average per site = 9) audio recorded group clinical consultation sessions were transcribed verbatim and coded for themes. Twenty percent of the transcripts were double-coded to ensure consistency. Fundamental qualitative description guided the sampling and data collection. RESULTS Thematic content analysis revealed ten common themes relating to the provision of clinical consultation to therapists implementing FBT in clinical practice: encouraging parental meal time supervision,discussing the role of mothers, how to align parents, ensuring parental buy-in, when to transition to Phase 2, weighing the patient and the patients' knowledge of their weight, the role of siblings in FBT sessions, how best to manage patient co-morbidities, the role of the father in FBT and how best to manage the family meal. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, clinical consultation themes aligned with many of the central tenets of FBT, including how to help parents align their supportive approach during the refeeding process, and how to help parents assume control of eating disordered behaviours. This knowledge helps to guide consultants to anticipate common issues brought forward by therapists attempting to implement FBT.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Couturier
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, 1200 Main St. West, Hamilton, ON L8N3Z5 Canada.,Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada.,Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - J Lock
- Department of Psychiatry & Neurosciences, Stanford University, Stanford, USA
| | - M Kimber
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, 1200 Main St. West, Hamilton, ON L8N3Z5 Canada.,Offord Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - G McVey
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| | - M Barwick
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - A Niccols
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, 1200 Main St. West, Hamilton, ON L8N3Z5 Canada.,Offord Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - C Webb
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, 1200 Main St. West, Hamilton, ON L8N3Z5 Canada
| | - S Findlay
- Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - T Woodford
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, 1200 Main St. West, Hamilton, ON L8N3Z5 Canada
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De Plater L, Deas O, Guibaudet C, Nicolas A, Couturier J, Zemoura L, Bièche I, Ouafi L, Chapelier A, Livartowski A, De Cremoux P, Daniel C, Roman-Roman S, Judde J, Decaudin D. Assessment of Pi3K and/or MAPK signaling pathway targeting in KRAS- or PIK3CA-mutated and wild type non-small cell lung cancer patient-derived xenografts. Eur J Cancer 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(16)32987-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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23
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Serpa J, Rueda AM, Somasunderam A, Utay NS, Lewis D, Couturier J, Breaux K, Rodriguez-Barradas MC. Long-term Use of Proton Pump Inhibitors and Increased Immune Activation in Patients With Chronic HIV-1 Infection. Open Forum Infect Dis 2016. [DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofw172.1711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jose Serpa
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Adriana M. Rueda
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Michael E. DeBakey US Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Anoma Somasunderam
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas
| | - Netanya S. Utay
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas
| | - Dorothy Lewis
- Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Texas Medical School at Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Jacob Couturier
- Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Texas Medical School at Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Katharine Breaux
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Michael E. DeBakey US Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Maria C. Rodriguez-Barradas
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Michael E. DeBakey US Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Houston, Texas
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24
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De Plater L, Deas O, Guibaudet C, Nicolas A, Couturier J, Zemoura L, Bièche I, Ouafi L, Chapelier A, Livartowski A, De Cremoux P, Daniel C, Roman-Roman S, Judde J, Decaudin D. Assessment of EGFR-dependent signaling pathway targeting in EGFR-mutated and wild type non-small cell lung cancer patient-derived xenografts. Eur J Cancer 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(16)32986-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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25
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Mijovic H, Grant C, Couturier J. Severe Bradycardia Following Initiation of Low-Dose Olanzapine in A Patient with Anorexia Nervosa. Paediatr Child Health 2016. [DOI: 10.1093/pch/21.supp5.e60] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Low-dose Olanzapine has been used clinically for over a decade in anorexia nervosa (AN) patients failing standard treatment in order to decrease anxiety and facilitate weight gain. While Olanzapine has been generally well tolerated, large scale data regarding safety and side-effects in AN patients is lacking.
OBJECTIVES: To examine possible association between severe bradycar-dia and Olanzapine use in AN patients.
DESIGN/METHODS: Case study and literature review.
RESULTS: We present a case of severe bradycardia (HR 18) following initiation of low-dose Olanzapine in a 16 year old female admitted to our inpatient ward with AN and bradycardia during sleep.To our best knowl-edgeno other case studies of severe bradycardia in AN patients treated with Olanzapine have been published to date.We relate our case to findings from available literature that examines potential association between bradycardia and Olanzapine. We point to challenges with obtaining larger scale data on Olanzapine safety and side-effects in AN patients.
CONCLUSION: There areinherent cardiac risks associated with treatment of AN patients. Existing literature in patients with diagnosis other than AN suggests there may be inter-individual differences in pharmacoki-netics of Olanzapine and that bradycardia may be a possible adverse effect of Olanzapine even at a low dose. Caution should be used in initiating Olanzapine in AN patients with baseline bradycardia.
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26
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Couturier J, Agarwal N, Nehete PN, Baze WB, Barry MA, Jagannadha Sastry K, Balasubramanyam A, Lewis DE. Infectious SIV resides in adipose tissue and induces metabolic defects in chronically infected rhesus macaques. Retrovirology 2016; 13:30. [PMID: 27117277 PMCID: PMC4847269 DOI: 10.1186/s12977-016-0260-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2016] [Accepted: 04/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background HIV reservoirs pose major challenges to viral eradication. The main cellular reservoirs include CD4 T cells and macrophages, whereas anatomic reservoirs are thought to be primarily lymphoid tissues. Adipose tissue represents a potentially important non-lymphoid location for HIV replication and persistence because the stromal-vascular-fraction (AT-SVF) contains activated innate and adaptive immune cells that increase in number during infections, obesity, and chronic inflammation. Results Adipose tissue from two groups of SHIV-SF162p3-infected (~4 weeks acute infection) or SIVmac251-infected (~38 weeks chronic infection) rhesus macaques (N = 8 for each group) were studied for immune cell content, viral infectiousness, and metabolic health. The AT-SVF cells from SHIV-infected monkeys contained abundant memory CD4 and CD8 T cells, with fewer NKT cells and macrophages, and no B cells. Proviral DNA (Gag and Env) was readily detectable by nested PCR in AT-SVF cells from multiple adipose depots (subcutaneous and visceral) of acutely infected monkeys, but mostly from visceral fat. More importantly, viral outgrowth assays using input CD4 T cells derived from AT-SVF cells or peripheral blood of chronically infected monkeys resulted in robust replication of infectious virus from both AT-SVF and peripheral blood CD4 T cells. Chronically infected monkeys also experienced adipocyte dysfunction (suppression of major adipogenic genes) and systemic dyslipidemia (decreased serum total cholesterol and free fatty acids, and increased triglycerides), similar to metabolic abnormalities of HIV patients. Conclusions Adipose tissues of SIV-infected rhesus macaques become major compartments for infected immune cells, which in turn induce defects in adipose tissue metabolism. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12977-016-0260-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob Couturier
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.,Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Neeti Agarwal
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Diabetes Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Pramod N Nehete
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Bastrop, TX, USA
| | - Wallace B Baze
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Bastrop, TX, USA
| | - Michael A Barry
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - K Jagannadha Sastry
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA.,Department of Veterinary Sciences, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Bastrop, TX, USA.,Department of Immunology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ashok Balasubramanyam
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Diabetes Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.,Endocrine Service, Ben Taub General Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Dorothy E Lewis
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA. .,Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA.
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Piperno-Neumann S, Servois V, Mariani P, Plancher C, Lévy-Gabriel C, Lumbroso-Le Rouic L, Couturier J, Asselain B, Desjardins L, Cassoux N. Prospective study of surveillance testing for metastasis in 100 high-risk uveal melanoma patients. J Fr Ophtalmol 2016; 38:526-34. [PMID: 25978872 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfo.2015.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2015] [Accepted: 04/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Despite advances in the local treatment of UM, half of patients develop metastases typically to the liver with poor survival. Microscopic complete surgical resection (R0) of liver metastases improves survival in high selected patients. Early identification of high-risk patients might allow detection of asymptomatic metastases, and increase R0 liver surgery rate. From October 2006 to December 2009, we conducted a prospective study to detect early minimal lesions with 6-monthly liver function tests (LFTs) and liver MRI in 100 high-risk patients. High risk was defined by primary tumor clinical or genomic criteria: thickness>8mm or diameter>15 mm, or extra-scleral extension, or monosomy 3 by FISH or aCGH. With a median follow-up of 49 months, the 5-year metastasis-free survival and overall survival were 47 and 33%, respectively. Of the 60 patients who became metastatic, 50 (83%) had exclusive liver metastasis. LFTs screening had no sufficient accurary, but biannual MRI showed high predictive value to detect metastasis and select patients eligible for curative surgery: 25/50 underwent laparotomy and among them, 8/25 (32%) had a R0 surgery. Median survival after metastasis was 14 months, mean survival reached 40 months in the R0 resected population. Six-monthly liver MRI screening is recommended in patients with large tumors or genomic high risk in order to detect early patient candidates to complete resection of liver metastases.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Piperno-Neumann
- Department of medical oncology, institut Curie, 26, rue d'Ulm, 75005 Paris, France.
| | - V Servois
- Department of radiology and nuclear medicine, institut Curie, 26, rue d'Ulm, 75005 Paris, France
| | - P Mariani
- Department of surgical oncology, institut Curie, 26, rue d'Ulm, 75005 Paris, France
| | - C Plancher
- Department of biostatistics, institut Curie, 26, rue d'Ulm, 75005 Paris, France
| | - C Lévy-Gabriel
- Department of surgical oncology, institut Curie, 26, rue d'Ulm, 75005 Paris, France
| | - L Lumbroso-Le Rouic
- Department of surgical oncology, institut Curie, 26, rue d'Ulm, 75005 Paris, France
| | - J Couturier
- Department of genetics, institut Curie, 26, rue d'Ulm, 75005 Paris, France
| | - B Asselain
- Department of biostatistics, institut Curie, 26, rue d'Ulm, 75005 Paris, France
| | - L Desjardins
- Department of surgical oncology, institut Curie, 26, rue d'Ulm, 75005 Paris, France
| | - N Cassoux
- Department of surgical oncology, institut Curie, 26, rue d'Ulm, 75005 Paris, France
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Budhiraja S, Liu H, Couturier J, Malovannaya A, Qin J, Lewis DE, Rice AP. Mining the human complexome database identifies RBM14 as an XPO1-associated protein involved in HIV-1 Rev function. J Virol 2015; 89:3557-67. [PMID: 25589658 PMCID: PMC4403413 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.03232-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2014] [Accepted: 01/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED By recruiting the host protein XPO1 (CRM1), the HIV-1 Rev protein mediates the nuclear export of incompletely spliced viral transcripts. We mined data from the recently described human nuclear complexome to identify a host protein, RBM14, which associates with XPO1 and Rev and is involved in Rev function. Using a Rev-dependent p24 reporter plasmid, we found that RBM14 depletion decreased Rev activity and Rev-mediated enhancement of the cytoplasmic levels of unspliced viral transcripts. RBM14 depletion also reduced p24 expression during viral infection, indicating that RBM14 is limiting for Rev function. RBM14 has previously been shown to localize to nuclear paraspeckles, a structure implicated in retaining unspliced HIV-1 transcripts for either Rev-mediated nuclear export or degradation. We found that depletion of NEAT1 RNA, a long noncoding RNA required for paraspeckle integrity, abolished the ability of overexpressed RBM14 to enhance Rev function, indicating the dependence of RBM14 function on paraspeckle integrity. Our study extends the known host cell interactome of Rev and XPO1 and further substantiates a critical role for paraspeckles in the mechanism of action of Rev. Our study also validates the nuclear complexome as a database from which viral cofactors can be mined. IMPORTANCE This study mined a database of nuclear protein complexes to identify a cellular protein named RBM14 that is associated with XPO1 (CRM1), a nuclear protein that binds to the HIV-1 Rev protein and mediates nuclear export of incompletely spliced viral RNAs. Functional assays demonstrated that RBM14, a protein found in paraspeckle structures in the nucleus, is involved in HIV-1 Rev function. This study validates the nuclear complexome database as a reference that can be mined to identify viral cofactors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sona Budhiraja
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Hongbing Liu
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Jacob Couturier
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Health Sciences Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Anna Malovannaya
- Department of Biochemistry, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Jun Qin
- Department of Biochemistry, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Dorothy E Lewis
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Health Sciences Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Andrew P Rice
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
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Shiue LH, Couturier J, Lewis DE, Wei C, Ni X, Duvic M. The effect of extracorporeal photopheresis alone or in combination therapy on circulating CD4(+) Foxp3(+) CD25(-) T cells in patients with leukemic cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. Photodermatol Photoimmunol Photomed 2015; 31:184-94. [PMID: 25772268 DOI: 10.1111/phpp.12175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Extracorporeal photopheresis (ECP) alone or in combination therapy is effective for treatment of leukemic cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (L-CTCL), but its mechanism(s) of action remain unclear. This study was designed to investigate the effect of ECP on regulatory T cells and CD8(+) T cells in L-CTCL patients. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Peripheral blood from 18 L-CTCL patients at baseline, Day 2, 1 month, 3 month, and 6 month post-ECP therapy was analyzed by flow cytometry for CD4(+) CD25(+/high) , CD4(+) Foxp3(+) CD25(+/-) , CD3(+) CD8(+) , CD3(+) CD8(+) CD69(+) , and CD3(+) CD8(+) IFN-γ(+) T cells. Clinical responses were assessed and correlated with changes in these T-cell subsets. RESULTS Twelve of 18 patients achieved clinical responses. The average baseline number of CD4(+) CD25(+/high) T cells of PBMCs in L-CTCL patients was normal (2.2%), but increased at 6-month post-therapy (4.3%, P < 0.01). The average baseline number of CD4(+) Foxp3(+) T cells out of CD4(+) T cells in nine evaluable patients was high (66.8 ± 13.7%), mostly CD25 negative. The levels of CD4(+) Foxp3(+) T cells in responders were higher (n = 6, 93.1 ± 5.7%) than nonresponders (n = 3, 14.2 ± 16.0%, P < 0.01), and they declined in parallel with malignant T cells. The numbers of CD3(+) CD8(+) CD69(+) and CD3(+) CD8(+) IFN-γ(+) T cells increased at 3-month post-therapy in five of six patients studied. CONCLUSIONS Extracorporeal photopheresis alone or in combination therapy might be effective in L-CTCL patients whose malignant T cells have a CD4(+) Foxp3(+) CD25(-) phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa H Shiue
- Department of Dermatology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.,Graduate Program in Immunology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jacob Couturier
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA.,Graduate Program in Virology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Dorothy E Lewis
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA.,Graduate Program in Virology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Caimiao Wei
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Xiao Ni
- Department of Dermatology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.,Graduate Program in Immunology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Madeleine Duvic
- Department of Dermatology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.,Graduate Program in Immunology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
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Defferrari R, Mazzocco K, Ambros IM, Ambros PF, Bedwell C, Beiske K, Bénard J, Berbegall AP, Bown N, Combaret V, Couturier J, Erminio G, Gambini C, Garaventa A, Gross N, Haupt R, Kohler J, Jeison M, Lunec J, Marques B, Martinsson T, Noguera R, Parodi S, Schleiermacher G, Tweddle DA, Valent A, Van Roy N, Vicha A, Villamon E, Tonini GP. Influence of segmental chromosome abnormalities on survival in children over the age of 12 months with unresectable localised peripheral neuroblastic tumours without MYCN amplification. Br J Cancer 2014; 112:290-5. [PMID: 25356804 PMCID: PMC4453444 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2014.557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2014] [Revised: 09/22/2014] [Accepted: 10/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The prognostic impact of segmental chromosome alterations (SCAs) in children older than 1 year, diagnosed with localised unresectable neuroblastoma (NB) without MYCN amplification enrolled in the European Unresectable Neuroblastoma (EUNB) protocol is still to be clarified, while, for other group of patients, the presence of SCAs is associated with poor prognosis. Methods: To understand the role of SCAs we performed multilocus/pangenomic analysis of 98 tumour samples from patients enrolled in the EUNB protocol. Results: Age at diagnosis was categorised into two groups using 18 months as the age cutoff. Significant difference in the presence of SCAs was seen in tumours of patients between 12 and 18 months and over 18 months of age at diagnosis, respectively (P=0.04). A significant correlation (P=0.03) was observed between number of SCAs per tumour and age. Event-free (EFS) and overall survival (OS) were calculated in both age groups, according to both the presence and number of SCAs. In older patients, a poorer survival was associated with the presence of SCAs (EFS=46% vs 75%, P=0.023; OS=66.8% vs 100%, P=0.003). Moreover, OS of older patients inversely correlated with number of SCAs (P=0.002). Finally, SCAs provided additional prognostic information beyond histoprognosis, as their presence was associated with poorer OS in patients over 18 months with unfavourable International Neuroblastoma Pathology Classification (INPC) histopathology (P=0.018). Conclusions: The presence of SCAs is a negative prognostic marker that impairs outcome of patients over the age of 18 months with localised unresectable NB without MYCN amplification, especially when more than one SCA is present. Moreover, in older patients with unfavourable INPC tumour histoprognosis, the presence of SCAs significantly affects OS.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Defferrari
- Department of Pathology, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova 16148, Italy
| | - K Mazzocco
- Department of Pathology, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova 16148, Italy
| | - I M Ambros
- Children's Cancer Research Institute, St Anna Kinderkrebsforschung, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - P F Ambros
- Children's Cancer Research Institute, St Anna Kinderkrebsforschung, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - C Bedwell
- Northern Genetics Service, Newcastle upon Tyne NEI 3 BZ, UK
| | - K Beiske
- Department of Pathology, Oslo University Hospital Rikshopitalet, Oslo 0424, Norway
| | - J Bénard
- Département de Biologie et de Pathologie Médicales, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif 94800, France
| | - A P Berbegall
- Department of Pathology, Medical School of Valencia, University of Valencia, Valencia 46010, Spain
| | - N Bown
- Northern Genetics Service, Newcastle upon Tyne NEI 3 BZ, UK
| | - V Combaret
- Laboratoire de Recherche Translationnelle, Centre Léon-Bérard, Lyon 69008, France
| | - J Couturier
- Unité de Génétique Somatique et Cytogénétique, Institut Curie, Paris Cedex 05 75248, France
| | - G Erminio
- Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Committees Unit, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova 16148, Italy
| | - C Gambini
- Department of Pathology, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova 16148, Italy
| | - A Garaventa
- Department of Haematology-Oncology, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova 16148, Italy
| | - N Gross
- Pediatric Oncology Research Unit, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne 1011, Switzerland
| | - R Haupt
- Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Committees Unit, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova 16148, Italy
| | - J Kohler
- Department of Paediatric Oncology, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton S016 6YD, UK
| | - M Jeison
- Cancer Cytogenetique and Molecular Cytogenetique Laboratory, Schneider Children's Medical Center of Israel, Petah Tikva, Israel
| | - J Lunec
- Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle University, Newcastle NE2 4HH, UK
| | - B Marques
- Department of Human Genetics, National Institute of Health Doutor Ricardo Jorge, Lisbon 1649-016, Portugal
| | - T Martinsson
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Göteborg University, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Göteborg 413 45, Sweden
| | - R Noguera
- Department of Pathology, Medical School of Valencia, University of Valencia, Valencia 46010, Spain
| | - S Parodi
- Institute of Electronics, Computer and Telecommunication Engineering, National Research Council, Genova 16149, Italy
| | - G Schleiermacher
- 1] INSERM U830, Laboratoire de Génétique et Biologie des Cancers, Paris Cedex 05 75248, France [2] Département d'Oncologie Pédiatrique, Institut Curie, Paris Cedex 05 75248, France
| | - D A Tweddle
- Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle University, Newcastle NE2 4HH, UK
| | - A Valent
- Département de Biologie et de Pathologie Médicales, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif 94800, France
| | - N Van Roy
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent 9000, Belgium
| | - A Vicha
- Department of Paediatric Haematology and Oncology, Charles University and University Hospital Motol, Prague 15008, Czech Republic
| | - E Villamon
- Department of Hematology, Hospital Universitari i Politècnic La Fe, Valencia 46009, Spain
| | - G P Tonini
- Laboratory of Neuroblastoma, Onco/Haematology Laboratory, University of Padua, Pediatric Research Institute (IRP)-Città della Speranza, Corso Stati Uniti 4, Padova 35127, Italy
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Lin L, Couturier J, Yu X, Medina MA, Kozinetz CA, Lewis DE. Granzyme B secretion by human memory CD4 T cells is less strictly regulated compared to memory CD8 T cells. BMC Immunol 2014; 15:36. [PMID: 25245659 PMCID: PMC4195902 DOI: 10.1186/s12865-014-0036-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2014] [Accepted: 09/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Granzyme B (GrzB) is a serine proteinase expressed by memory T cells and NK cells. Methods to measure GrzB protein usually involve intracellular (flow cytometry) and extracellular (ELISA and ELISpot) assays. CD8 T cells are the main source of GrzB during immunological reactions, but activated CD4 T cells deploy GrzB as well. Because GrzB is an important mediator of cell death, tissue pathology and disease, clarification of differences of GrzB expression and secretion between CD4 and CD8 T cells is important for understanding effector functions of these cells. Results Memory CD4 and memory CD8 T cells were purified from human peripheral blood of healthy donors, and production of GrzB was directly compared between memory CD4 and memory CD8 T cells from the same donors using parallel measurements of flow cytometry (intracellular GrzB), ELISpot (single cell secretion of GrzB), and ELISA (bulk extracellular GrzB). Memory CD8 T cells constitutively stored significantly more GrzB protein (~25%) compared to memory CD4 T cells as determined by flow cytometry (~3%), and this difference remained stable after 24 hrs of activation. However, measurement of extracellular GrzB by ELISA revealed that activated memory CD4 T cells secrete similar amounts of GrzB (~1,000 pg/ml by 1x105 cells/200 μl medium) compared to memory CD8 T cells (~600 pg/ml). Measurement of individual GrzB-secreting cells by ELISpot also indicated that similar numbers of activated memory CD4 (~170/1x105) and memory CD8 (~200/1x105) T cells secreted GrzB. Expression of CD107a further indicated that Grzb is secreted similarly by activated CD4 and CD8 T cells, consistent with the ELISA and ELISpot results. However, memory CD8 T cells expressed and secreted more perforin compared to memory CD4 T cells, suggesting that perforin may be less associated with GrzB function for memory CD4 T cells. Conclusions Although measurement of intracellular GrzB by flow cytometry suggests that a larger proportion of CD8 T cells have higher capacity for GrzB production compared to CD4 T cells, ELISpot and ELISA show that similar numbers of activated CD4 and CD8 T cells secrete similar amounts of GrzB. Secretion of GrzB by activated CD8 T cells may be more tightly controlled compared to CD4 T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Dorothy E Lewis
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 6431 Fannin St,, MSB 2,112, Houston 77030, TX, USA.
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Agarwal N, Iyer D, Patel SG, Sekhar RV, Phillips TM, Schubert U, Oplt T, Buras ED, Samson SL, Couturier J, Lewis DE, Rodriguez-Barradas MC, Jahoor F, Kino T, Kopp JB, Balasubramanyam A. HIV-1 Vpr induces adipose dysfunction in vivo through reciprocal effects on PPAR/GR co-regulation. Sci Transl Med 2014; 5:213ra164. [PMID: 24285483 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.3007148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Viral infections, such as HIV, have been linked to obesity, but mechanistic evidence that they cause adipose dysfunction in vivo is lacking. We investigated a pathogenic role for the HIV-1 accessory protein viral protein R (Vpr), which can coactivate the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) and co-repress peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) in vitro, in HIV-associated adipose dysfunction. Vpr circulated in the blood of most HIV-infected patients tested, including those on antiretroviral therapy (ART) with undetectable viral load. Vpr-mediated mechanisms were dissected in vivo using mouse models expressing the Vpr transgene in adipose tissues and liver (Vpr-Tg) or infused with synthetic Vpr. Both models demonstrated accelerated whole-body lipolysis, hyperglycemia and hypertriglyceridemia, and tissue-specific findings. Fat depots in these mice had diminished mass, macrophage infiltration, and blunted PPARγ target gene expression but increased GR target gene expression. In liver, we observed blunted PPARα target gene expression, steatosis with decreased adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase activity, and insulin resistance. Similar to human HIV-infected patients, Vpr circulated in the serum of Vpr-Tg mice. Vpr blocked differentiation in preadipocytes through cell cycle arrest, whereas in mature adipocytes, it increased lipolysis with reciprocally altered association of PPARγ and GR with their target promoters. These results delineate a distinct pathogenic sequence: Vpr, released from HIV-1 in tissue reservoirs after ART, can disrupt PPAR/GR co-regulation and cell cycle control to produce adipose dysfunction and hepatosteatosis. Confirmation of these mechanisms in HIV patients could lead to targeted treatment of the metabolic complications with Vpr inhibitors, GR antagonists, or PPARγ/PPARα agonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neeti Agarwal
- Translational Metabolism Unit, Diabetes Research Center, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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Couturier J, Hutchison AT, Medina MA, Gingaras C, Urvil P, Yu X, Nguyen C, Mahale P, Lin L, Kozinetz CA, Schmitz JE, Kimata JT, Savidge TC, Lewis DE. HIV replication in conjunction with granzyme B production by CCR5+ memory CD4 T cells: Implications for bystander cell and tissue pathologies. Virology 2014; 462-463:175-88. [PMID: 24999042 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2014.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2013] [Revised: 02/26/2014] [Accepted: 06/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Granzyme B (GrzB) is expressed by activated T cells and mediates cellular apoptosis. GrzB also acts as an extracellular protease involved in tissue degradation. We hypothesized that GrzB production from activated memory CD4 T cells may be associated with HIV pathogenesis. We found that stimulated memory CD4 T cells (via costimulation, cytokines, and TLR ligands) concomitantly produced GrzB and HIV. Both GrzB and HIV expression were mainly restricted to CCR5-expressing memory CD4+CD45RO+ T cells, including Th1 and Th17 subsets. Activated memory CD4 T cells also mediated tissue damage, such as disruption of intestinal epithelial monolayers. In non-human primates, CD4 T cells of rhesus macaques (pathogenic SIV hosts) expressed higher GrzB compared to African green monkeys (non-pathogenic SIV hosts). These results suggest that GrzB from CCR5+ memory CD4 T cells may have a role in cellular and tissue pathologies during HIV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob Couturier
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Alexander T Hutchison
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Miguel A Medina
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Cosmina Gingaras
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Petri Urvil
- Texas Children׳s Microbiome Center, Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Xiaoying Yu
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Chi Nguyen
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Parag Mahale
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Lin Lin
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Joern E Schmitz
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jason T Kimata
- Department of Molecular Virology & Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Tor C Savidge
- Texas Children׳s Microbiome Center, Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Dorothy E Lewis
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA.
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Gory G, Couturier J, Cauvin E, Fournel-Fleury C, Couturier L, Rault DN. Nervous system lymphoma with sciatic nerve involvement in two cats diagnosed using computed tomography and ultrasound guided fine needle aspiration. VLAAMS DIERGEN TIJDS 2014. [DOI: 10.21825/vdt.v83i3.16649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Two cats were presented with a recent history of difficulty in walking and jumping. Neurological examination was consistent with a lumbosacral or a sciatic nerve lesion in both cases with an additional C6-T2 spinal cord segment lesion in case 2. Differential diagnosis included neoplastic, inflammatory/infectious (neuritis, meningomyelitis, discospondylitis) and compressive disc disease. Computed tomography (CT) revealed an enlarged, contrast enhancing sciatic nerve from the L7-S1 intervertebral foramen, to the distal third portion of the femoral shaft. In case 2, CT also revealed an enlarged femoral nerve and an extradural mass causing mild compression of the spinal cord at T1-2 and T3-4. Ultrasonography allowed to perform fine needle aspiration of the affected sciatic nerve. Cytology was highly suggestive of indolent, small cell lymphoma in case 1, and confirmed a high-grade lymphoma in case 2, both belonging to the large granular lymphoma subtype.
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Lours C, Couturier J, Challier S, Rouquette A, Just PA, Dupouy-Camet J. Pneumocystose pulmonaire masquant une anguillulose maligne disséminée. J Mycol Med 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mycmed.2013.07.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Li KKW, Pang JCS, Ng HK, Massimino M, Gandola L, Biassoni V, Spreafico F, Schiavello E, Poggi G, Casanova M, Pecori E, De Pava MV, Ferrari A, Meazza C, Terenziani M, Polastri D, Luksch R, Podda M, Modena P, Antonelli M, Giangaspero F, Ahmed S, Zaghloul MS, Mousa AG, Eldebawy E, Elbeltagy M, Awaad M, Massimino M, Gandola L, Biassoni V, Antonelli M, Schiavello E, Buttarelli F, Spreafico F, Collini P, Pollo B, Patriarca C, Giangaspero F, MacDonald T, Liu J, Munson J, Park J, Wang K, Fei B, Bellamkonda R, Arbiser J, Gomi A, Yamaguchi T, Mashiko T, Oguro K, Somasundaram A, Neuberg R, Grant G, Fuchs H, Driscoll T, Becher O, McLendon R, Cummings T, Gururangan S, Bourdeaut F, Grison C, Doz F, Pierron G, Delattre O, Couturier J, Cho YJ, Pugh T, Weeraratne SD, Archer T, Krummel DP, Auclair D, Cibulkis K, Lawrence M, Greulich H, McKenna A, Ramos A, Shefler E, Sivachenko A, Amani V, Pierre-Francois J, Teider N, Northcott P, Taylor M, Meyerson M, Pomeroy S, Potts C, Cline H, Rotenberry R, Guldal C, Bhatia B, Nahle Z, Kenney A, Fan YN, Pizer B, See V, Makino K, Nakamura H, Kuratsu JI, Grahlert J, Ma M, Fiaschetti G, Shalaby T, Grotzer M, Baumgartner M, Clifford S, Gustafsson G, Ellison D, Figarella-Branger D, Doz F, Rutkowski S, Lannering B, Pietsch T, Fiaschetti G, Shalaby T, Baumgartner M, Grotzer M, Fleischhack G, Siegler N, Zimmermann M, Rutkowski S, Warmuth-Metz M, Kortmann RD, Pietsch T, Faldum A, Bode U, Yoon JH, Kang HJ, Park KD, Park SH, Phi JH, Kim SK, Wang KC, Kim IH, Shin HY, Ahn HS, Faria C, Golbourn B, Smith C, Rutka J, Greene BD, Whitton A, Singh S, Scheinemann K, Hill R, Lindsey J, Howell C, Ryan S, Shiels K, Shrimpton E, Bailey S, Clifford S, Schwalbe E, Lindsey J, Williamson D, Hamilton D, Northcott P, O'Toole K, Nicholson SL, Lusher M, Gilbertson R, Hauser P, Taylor M, Taylor R, Ellison D, Bailey S, Clifford S, Kool M, Jones DTW, Jager N, Hovestadt V, Schuller U, Jabado N, Perry A, Cowdrey C, Croul S, Collins VP, Cho YJ, Pomeroy S, Eils R, Korshunov A, Lichter P, Pfister S, Northcott P, Shih D, Taylor M, Darabi A, Sanden E, Visse E, Siesjo P, Harris P, Venkataraman S, Alimova I, Birks D, Cristiano B, Donson A, Foreman N, Vibhakar R, Bertin D, Vallero S, Basso ME, Romano E, Peretta P, Morra I, Mussano A, Fagioli F, Kunkele A, De Preter K, Heukamp L, Thor T, Pajtler K, Hartmann W, Mittelbronn M, Grotzer M, Deubzer H, Speleman F, Schramm A, Eggert A, Schulte J, Bandopadhayay P, Kieran M, Manley P, Robison N, Chi S, Thor T, Mestdagh P, Vandesomple J, Fuchs H, Durner VG, de Angelis MH, Heukamp L, Kunkele A, Pajtler K, Eggert A, Schramm A, Schulte JH, Ohe N, Yano H, Nakayama N, Iwama T, Lastowska M, Perek-Polnik M, Grajkowska W, Malczyk K, Cukrowska B, Dembowska-Baginska B, Perek D, Othman RT, Storer L, Grundy R, Kerr I, Coyle B, Hulleman E, Lagerweij T, Biesmans D, Crommentuijn MHW, Cloos J, Tannous BA, Vandertop WP, Noske DP, Kaspers GJL, Wurdinger T, Bergthold G, El Kababri M, Varlet P, Dhermain F, Sainte-Rose C, Raquin MA, Valteau-Couanet D, Grill J, Dufour C, Burchill C, Hii H, Dallas P, Cole C, Endersby R, Gottardo N, Gevorgian A, Morozova E, Kazantsev I, Youhta T, Safonova S, Kozlov A, Punanov Y, Afanasyev B, Zheludkova O, Packer R, Gajjar A, Michalski J, Jakacki R, Gottardo N, Tarbell N, Vezina G, Olson J, Friedrich C, von Bueren AO, von Hoff K, Gerber NU, Benesch M, Faldum A, Pietsch T, Warmuth-Metz M, Kuehl J, Kortmann RD, Rutkowski S, Malbari F, Atlas M, Friedman G, Kelly V, Bray A, Cassady K, Markert J, Gillespie Y, Taylor R, Howman A, Brogden E, Robinson K, Jones D, Gibson M, Bujkiewicz S, Mitra D, Saran F, Michalski A, Pizer B, Jones DTW, Jager N, Kool M, Zichner T, Hutter B, Sultan M, Cho YJ, Pugh TJ, Warnatz HJ, Reifenberger G, Northcott PA, Taylor MD, Meyerson M, Pomeroy SL, Yaspo ML, Korbel JO, Korshunov A, Eils R, Pfister SM, Lichter P, Pajtler KW, Weingarten C, Thor T, Kuenkele A, Fleischhack G, Heukamp LC, Buettner R, Kirfel J, Eggert A, Schramm A, Schulte JH, Friedrich C, von Bueren AO, von Hoff K, Gerber NU, Benesch M, Kwiecien R, Pietsch T, Warmuth-Metz M, Faldum A, Kuehl J, Kortmann RD, Rutkowski S, Lupo P, Scheurer M, Martin A, Nirschl C, Polanczyk M, Cohen KJ, Pardoll DM, Drake CG, Lim M, Manoranjan B, Hallett R, Wang X, Venugopal C, McFarlane N, Sheinemann K, Hassell J, Singh S, Venugopal C, Manoranjan B, McFarlane N, Whitton A, Delaney K, Scheinemann K, Singh S, Manoranjan B, Hallett R, Venugopal C, McFarlane N, Hassell J, Scheinemann K, Dunn S, Singh S, Garcia I, Crowther AJ, Gama V, Miller CR, Deshmukh M, Gershon TR, Garcia I, Crowther AJ, Gershon TR, Gerber NU, von Hoff K, Friedrich C, von Bueren AO, Treulieb W, Benesch M, Faldum A, Pietsch T, Warmuth-Metz M, Rutkowski S, Kortmann RD, Zin A, De Bortoli M, Bonvini P, Viscardi E, Perilongo G, Rosolen A, Connolly E, Zhang C, Anderson R, Feldstein N, Stark E, Garvin J, Shing MMK, Lee V, Cheng FWT, Leung AWK, Zhu XL, Wong HT, Kam M, Li CK, Ward S, Sengupta R, Kroll K, Rubin J, Dallas P, Milech N, Longville B, Hopkins R, Vergiliana JVD, Endersby R, Gottardo N, von Bueren AO, Gerss J, Hagel C, Cai H, Remke M, Hasselblatt M, Feuerstein BG, Pernet S, Delattre O, Korshunov A, Rutkowski S, Pfister SM, Baudis M, Lee C, Fotovati A, Triscott J, Dunn S, Valdora F, Freier F, Seyler C, Brady N, Bender S, Northcott P, Kool M, Jones D, Coco S, Tonini GP, Scheurlen W, Boutros M, Taylor M, Katus H, Kulozik A, Zitron E, Korshunov A, Lichter P, Pfister S, Remke M, Shih DJH, Northcott PA, Van Meter T, Pollack IF, Van Meir E, Eberhart CG, Fan X, Dellatre O, Collins VP, Jones DTW, Clifford SC, Pfister SM, Taylor MD, Pompe R, von Bueren AO, von Hoff K, Friedrich C, Treulieb W, Lindow C, Deinlein F, Kuehl J, Rutkowski S, Gupta T, Krishnatry R, Shirsat N, Epari S, Kunder R, Kurkure P, Vora T, Moiyadi A, Jalali R, Cohen K, Perek D, Perek-Polnik M, Dembowska-Baginska B, Drogosiewicz M, Grajkowska W, Lastowska M, Chojnacka M, Filipek I, Tarasinska M, Roszkowski M, Hauser P, Jakab Z, Bognar L, Markia B, Gyorsok Z, Ottoffy G, Nagy K, Cservenyak J, Masat P, Turanyi E, Vizkeleti J, Krivan G, Kallay K, Schuler D, Garami M, Lacroix J, Schlund F, Adolph K, Leuchs B, Bender S, Hielscher T, Pfister S, Witt O, Schlehofer JR, Rommelaere J, Witt H, Leskov K, Ma N, Eberhart C, Stearns D, Dagri JN, Torkildson J, Evans A, Ashby LS, Zakotnik B, Brown RJ, Dhall G, Portnow J, Finlay JL, McCabe M, Pizer B, Marino AM, Baryawno N, Ekstrom TP, Ostman A, Johnsen JI, Robinson G, Parker M, Kranenburg T, Lu C, Pheonix T, Huether R, Easton J, Onar A, Lau C, Bouffet E, Gururangan S, Hassall T, Cohn R, Gajjar A, Ellison D, Mardis E, Wilson R, Downing J, Zhang J, Gilbertson R, Robinson G, Dalton J, O'Neill T, Yong W, Chingtagumpala M, Bouffet E, Bowers D, Kellie S, Gururangan S, Fisher P, Bendel A, Fisher M, Hassall T, Wetmore C, Broniscer A, Clifford S, Gilbertson R, Gajjar A, Ellison D, Zhukova N, Martin D, Lipman T, Castelo-Branco P, Zhang C, Fraser M, Baskin B, Ray P, Bouffet E, Alman B, Ramaswamy V, Dirks P, Clifford S, Rutkowski S, Pfister S, Bristow R, Taylor M, Malkin D, Hawkins C, Tabori U, Dhall G, Ji L, Haley K, Gardner S, Sposto R, Finlay J, Leary S, Strand A, Ditzler S, Heinicke G, Conrad L, Richards A, Pedro K, Knoblaugh S, Cole B, Olson J, Yankelevich M, Budarin M, Konski A, Mentkevich G, Stefanits H, Ebetsberger-Dachs G, Weis S, Haberler C, Milosevic J, Baryawno N, Sveinbjornsson B, Martinsson T, Grotzer M, Johnsen JI, Kogner P, Garzia L, Morrisy S, Jelveh S, Lindsay P, Hill R, Taylor M, Marks A, Zhang H, Rood B, Williamson D, Clifford S, Aurtenetxe O, Gaffar A, Lopez JI, Urberuaga A, Navajas A, O'Halloran K, Hukin J, Singhal A, Dunham C, Goddard K, Rassekh SR, Davidson TB, Fangusaro JR, Ji L, Sposto R, Gardner SL, Allen JC, Dunkel IJ, Dhall G, Finlay JL, Trivedi M, Tyagi A, Goodden J, Chumas P, O'kane R, Crimmins D, Elliott M, Picton S, Silva DS, Viana-Pereira M, Stavale JN, Malheiro S, Almeida GC, Clara C, Jones C, Reis RM, Spence T, Sin-Chan P, Picard D, Ho KC, Lu M, Huang A, Bochare S, Khatua S, Gopalakrishnan V, Chan TSY, Picard D, Pfister S, Hawkins C, Huang A, Chan TSY, Picard D, Ho KC, Huang A, Picard D, Millar S, Hawkins C, Rogers H, Kim SK, Ra YS, Fangusaro J, Toledano H, Nakamura H, Van Meter T, Pomeroy S, Ng HK, Jones C, Gajjar A, Clifford S, Pfister S, Eberhart C, Bouffet E, Grundy R, Huang A, Sengupta S, Weeraratne SD, Phallen J, Sun H, Rallapalli S, Amani V, Pierre-Francois J, Teider N, Cook J, Jensen F, Lim M, Pomeroy S, Cho YJ. MEDULLOBLASTOMA. Neuro Oncol 2012; 14:i82-i105. [PMCID: PMC3483339 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/nos093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
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Medina MA, Couturier J, Feske ML, Mahne AE, Turner M, Yu X, Kozinetz CA, Orozco AF, Hutchison AT, Savidge TC, Rodgers JR, Lewis DE. Granzyme B- and Fas ligand-mediated cytotoxic function induced by mitogenic CD28 stimulation of human memory CD4+ T cells. J Leukoc Biol 2012; 91:759-71. [PMID: 22416257 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.0511264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Some human memory CD4(+) T cells have cytotoxic functions best understood in the context of viral infections; however, their possible role in pathologic processes is understudied. The novel discovery that mitogenic CD28 antibodies induced proliferation and expansion of Tregs offered therapeutic promise for autoimmune disorders. However, the failed TGN1412 trial forced reassessment of this concept. As memory CD4(+) T cells are known to produce toxic molecules, including granzyme B (GrzB) and FasL, we wondered whether mitogenic CD28 was able to induce these cytotoxic molecules. A commercially available mitogenic human CD28 mAb (clone ANC28.1) was used to determine whether mitogenic CD28 induces cytotoxic function from human memory CD4(+) T cells. We found that stimulation of memory CD4(+) T cells by ANC28.1, as well as by conventional costimulation (CD3/CD28 mAb), robustly induced enzymatically active GrzB, along with increased surface expression of FasL. These functional phenotypes were induced in association with increased expression of T cell activation markers CD69 and CD25, and elimination of target cells by ANC28.1-activated memory CD4(+) T cells involved both GrzB and FasL. Additionally, ANC28.1-activated memory CD4(+) T cells caused disruption of epithelial cell monolayer integrity, which was partially mediated by GrzB. These findings reveal functions of memory CD4(+) T cells previously unknown to be induced by mitogenic CD28, and suggest that these pathogenic mechanisms may have been responsible for some of the widespread tissue destruction that occurred in the TGN1412 trial recipients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel A Medina
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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Couturier J, Patel SG, Iyer D, Balasubramanyam A, Lewis DE. Human monocytes accelerate proliferation and blunt differentiation of preadipocytes in association with suppression of C/EBPΑ mRNA. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2012; 20:253-62. [PMID: 21869759 PMCID: PMC4364279 DOI: 10.1038/oby.2011.275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Obesity, type 2 diabetes, and HIV-associated lipodystrophy are associated with abnormalities in adipocyte growth and differentiation. In persons with these conditions, adipose depots contain increased numbers of macrophages, but the origins of these cells and their specific effects are uncertain. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC)-derived monocytes, but not T cells, cocultured via transwells with primary subcutaneous preadipocytes, increased proliferation (approximately twofold) and reduced differentiation (~50%) of preadipocytes. Gene expression analyses in proliferating preadipocytes (i.e., prior to hormonal induction of terminal differentiation) revealed that monocytes down-regulated mRNA levels of CCAAT/enhancer binding protein, alpha (C/EBPα) and up-regulated mRNA levels of G0/G1 switch 2 (G0S2) message, genes important for the regulation of adipogenesis and the cell cycle. These data indicate that circulating peripheral blood monocytes can disrupt adipogenesis by interfering with a critical step in C/EBPα and G0S2 transcription required for preadipocytes to make the transition from proliferation to differentiation. Interactions between preadipocytes and monocytes also increased the inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and IL-8, as well as a novel chemotactic cytokine, CXCL1. Additionally, the levels of both IL-6 and CXCL1 were highest when preadipocytes and monocytes were cultured together, compared to each cell in culture alone. Such cross-talk amplifies the production of mediators of tissue inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob Couturier
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Medical School at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Sanjeet G. Patel
- Translational Metabolism Unit, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Dinakar Iyer
- Translational Metabolism Unit, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Ashok Balasubramanyam
- Translational Metabolism Unit, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Dorothy E. Lewis
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Medical School at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
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Abi-Ayad N, Kodjikian L, Couturier J. [Genomic techniques used in uveal melanoma: a literature review]. J Fr Ophtalmol 2011; 34:259-64. [PMID: 21439677 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfo.2010.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2010] [Revised: 10/24/2010] [Accepted: 11/25/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Genome study and expression profiling of the tumor seem to be the most significant biologic prognostic factor in uveal melanoma. Many cytogenetic and molecular tests are reported; our aim was to assess their ability to detect high metastatic risk patients through a literature review. Standard karyotyping, fluorescence in situ hybridization and microsatellite analysis are not adequate. DNA-based genome techniques must analyse the entire genome (comparative genomic hybridization [CGH]) and, optimally, detect chromosome 3 isodisomy ("single-nucleotid polymorphism" SNP-array). Multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA) is less expensive than array-CGH, but its interpretation may be delicate. Gene expression profiling is the most accurate molecular test for predicting metastatic death in patient with uveal melanoma even if it remains a costly technique. These prognostic tests could be useful to identify high-risk patients in future adjuvant therapy protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Abi-Ayad
- Service d'ophtalmologie, hôpital de la Croix-Rousse, 103, grande rue de la Croix-Rousse, 69317 Lyon cedex 04, France.
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Vanhaesebrouck AE, Shelton GD, Garosi L, Harcourt-Brown TR, Couturier J, Behr S, Harvey RJ, Jeffery ND, Matiasek K, Blakemore WF, Granger N. A novel movement disorder in related male Labrador Retrievers characterized by extreme generalized muscular stiffness. J Vet Intern Med 2011; 25:1089-96. [PMID: 21781161 DOI: 10.1111/j.1939-1676.2011.0757.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To describe the clinical phenotype of a new motor disorder in Labrador Retrievers. ANIMALS AND METHODS Case series study. Seven young male Labrador Retrievers presented for evaluation of stiff gait. RESULTS All affected dogs had generalized muscular stiffness, persistent at rest and resulting in restricted joint movements. They showed a forward flexed posture, festinating gait, and bradykinesia. Signs developed between 2 and 16 months of age and tended to stabilize in adulthood. Needle electromyogram in the conscious state showed continuous motor unit activity in resting epaxial and proximal limb muscles. This activity was abolished by general anesthesia. Muscle and nerve histopathology was normal. In 2 dogs necropsied, astrocytosis was evident throughout the spinal cord gray matter, reticular formation and caudate nuclei. Decreased neuronal counts were selectively found in the spinal cord Rexed's lamina VII, but not in VIII and IX. Pedigree analysis showed that the affected dogs were from 5 related litters. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE This new hypertonicity syndrome in Labrador Retrievers is unique because of the selective distribution of the histological lesions, the lack of progression in adulthood, and its exclusive occurrence in male dogs. Pedigree analysis suggests an X-linked hereditary disease, although other modes of inheritance cannot be ruled out with certainty. We hypothesize that altered output from basal nuclei and reticular formation together with motor neuron disinhibition caused by a decreased number of spinal cord interneurons leads to the muscular stiffness.
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Affiliation(s)
- A E Vanhaesebrouck
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, The Queen's Veterinary School Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
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Couturier J, Paccalin M, Morel M, Terro F, Milin S, Pontcharraud R, Fauconneau B, Page G. Prevention of the β-amyloid peptide-induced inflammatory process by inhibition of double-stranded RNA-dependent protein kinase in primary murine mixed co-cultures. J Neuroinflammation 2011; 8:72. [PMID: 21699726 PMCID: PMC3131234 DOI: 10.1186/1742-2094-8-72] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2011] [Accepted: 06/23/2011] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Inflammation may be involved in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). There has been little success with anti-inflammatory drugs in AD, while the promise of anti-inflammatory treatment is more evident in experimental models. A new anti-inflammatory strategy requires a better understanding of molecular mechanisms. Among the plethora of signaling pathways activated by β-amyloid (Aβ) peptides, the nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) pathway could be an interesting target. In virus-infected cells, double-stranded RNA-dependent protein kinase (PKR) controls the NF-κB signaling pathway. It is well-known that PKR is activated in AD. This led us to study the effect of a specific inhibitor of PKR on the Aβ42-induced inflammatory response in primary mixed murine co-cultures, allowing interactions between neurons, astrocytes and microglia. Methods Primary mixed murine co-cultures were prepared in three steps: a primary culture of astrocytes and microglia for 14 days, then a primary culture of neurons and astrocytes which were cultured with microglia purified from the first culture. Before exposure to Aβ neurotoxicity (72 h), co-cultures were treated with compound C16, a specific inhibitor of PKR. Levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα), interleukin (IL)-1β, and IL-6 were assessed by ELISA. Levels of PT451-PKR and activation of IκB, NF-κB and caspase-3 were assessed by western blotting. Apoptosis was also followed using annexin V-FITC immunostaining kit. Subcellular distribution of PT451-PKR was assessed by confocal immunofluorescence and morphological structure of cells by scanning electron microscopy. Data were analysed using one-way ANOVA followed by a Newman-Keuls' post hoc test Results In these co-cultures, PKR inhibition prevented Aβ42-induced activation of IκB and NF-κB, strongly decreased production and release of tumor necrosis factor (TNFα) and interleukin (IL)-1β, and limited apoptosis. Conclusion In spite of the complexity of the innate immune response, PKR inhibition could be an interesting anti-inflammatory strategy in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Couturier
- Research Group on Brain Aging, GReViC EA 3808, 6 rue de la Milétrie BP 199, 86034 Poitiers Cedex, France
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Albiges L, Couturier J, Allory Y, Camparo P, Sibony M, Vieillefond A, Teh BT, Escudier BJ, Molinie V. Parafibromin as a new immunohistochemistry staining to improve pathologic diagnosis of renal oncocytoma: Analysis of 225 renal tumors. J Clin Oncol 2011. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2011.29.7_suppl.408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
408 Background: Chromophobe renal cell carcinoma (chRCC) and renal oncocytoma (Onc) are two distinct but closely related entities with strong morphologic and genetic similarities. While chRCC is a malignant tumor, Onc is usually considered as a benign entity. Recently, gene expression profiling applied on chRCC and Onc identified new potential markers that may effectively discriminate the 2 pathologic entities, including parafibromin. This work aims at evaluating the diagnostic value of Parafibromin (Pf) immuno staining on a large number of renal tumor samples. Methods: Sixty-three renal clear cell carcinoma (ccRCC), 47 papillary (Pap), 40 chRCC, and 75 Onc were immunostained for parafibromin antibody (1/200; Santacruz Biotechnology), on a tissue micro array. Results: Parafibromin was positive in 38.6% of Onc, vs 5% of chRCC (p < 0.001), with a 95% specificity, and the positive predictive value observed for parafibromin was 94%. For other tumor types, a positive staining for parafibromin was observed in 7.9% and 8.5% in ccRCC and Pap respectively. Conclusions: Parafibromin is a recently identified protein which seems to be specific for oncocytoma, and highly discriminant for other histologic renal cell tumor subtypes, especially for chromophobe. IHC may help to optimize therapeutics strategy for small renal mass and avoid surgical resection of benign lesions in some patients.Validation of this staining on renal tumor biopsies is on going.The value of the combination of this new immunostaining associated with the three standard IHC staining (CK7, CD117, E Cad) will be provided at the meeting. [Table: see text] No significant financial relationships to disclose.
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Affiliation(s)
- L. Albiges
- Medical Oncology Department, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France; Institut Curie, Paris, France; Hopital Henry Mondor, Creteil, France; Hopital Foch, Suresnes, France; Hopital Tenon, Paris, France; Hopital Cochin, Paris, France; Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, MI; Hospital Saint Joseph, Paris, France
| | - J. Couturier
- Medical Oncology Department, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France; Institut Curie, Paris, France; Hopital Henry Mondor, Creteil, France; Hopital Foch, Suresnes, France; Hopital Tenon, Paris, France; Hopital Cochin, Paris, France; Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, MI; Hospital Saint Joseph, Paris, France
| | - Y. Allory
- Medical Oncology Department, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France; Institut Curie, Paris, France; Hopital Henry Mondor, Creteil, France; Hopital Foch, Suresnes, France; Hopital Tenon, Paris, France; Hopital Cochin, Paris, France; Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, MI; Hospital Saint Joseph, Paris, France
| | - P. Camparo
- Medical Oncology Department, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France; Institut Curie, Paris, France; Hopital Henry Mondor, Creteil, France; Hopital Foch, Suresnes, France; Hopital Tenon, Paris, France; Hopital Cochin, Paris, France; Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, MI; Hospital Saint Joseph, Paris, France
| | - M. Sibony
- Medical Oncology Department, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France; Institut Curie, Paris, France; Hopital Henry Mondor, Creteil, France; Hopital Foch, Suresnes, France; Hopital Tenon, Paris, France; Hopital Cochin, Paris, France; Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, MI; Hospital Saint Joseph, Paris, France
| | - A. Vieillefond
- Medical Oncology Department, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France; Institut Curie, Paris, France; Hopital Henry Mondor, Creteil, France; Hopital Foch, Suresnes, France; Hopital Tenon, Paris, France; Hopital Cochin, Paris, France; Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, MI; Hospital Saint Joseph, Paris, France
| | - B. T. Teh
- Medical Oncology Department, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France; Institut Curie, Paris, France; Hopital Henry Mondor, Creteil, France; Hopital Foch, Suresnes, France; Hopital Tenon, Paris, France; Hopital Cochin, Paris, France; Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, MI; Hospital Saint Joseph, Paris, France
| | - B. J. Escudier
- Medical Oncology Department, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France; Institut Curie, Paris, France; Hopital Henry Mondor, Creteil, France; Hopital Foch, Suresnes, France; Hopital Tenon, Paris, France; Hopital Cochin, Paris, France; Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, MI; Hospital Saint Joseph, Paris, France
| | - V. Molinie
- Medical Oncology Department, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France; Institut Curie, Paris, France; Hopital Henry Mondor, Creteil, France; Hopital Foch, Suresnes, France; Hopital Tenon, Paris, France; Hopital Cochin, Paris, France; Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, MI; Hospital Saint Joseph, Paris, France
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Abi-Ayad N, Couturier J, Devouassoux-Shisheboran M, Grange JD, Kodjikian L, Calender A. [Genomic profiling by comparative genomic hybridization: analysis of ten enucleated uveal melanoma cases]. J Fr Ophtalmol 2010; 34:17-23. [PMID: 21145127 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfo.2010.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2010] [Revised: 10/10/2010] [Accepted: 10/19/2010] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
AIM To detect major chromosomal aberrations from enucleated uveal melanoma and relate them to hepatic metastasis and survival. PATIENTS AND METHODS Ten uveal melanomas enucleated between 2005 and 2008 in the Lyon Croix-Rousse Hospital were retrospectively analyzed using a 19 000-clone comparative genomic hybridization microarray. RESULTS The most frequent imbalances were the loss of chromosome 3 (8/10), gain of the 8q arm (7/10) or the entire chromosome 8 (2/10), and gain of the 6p arm (2/10). Most metastatic tumors (6/7) and all cases of death (5/5) concerned melanoma with monosomy 3 and gain of the 8q arm. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION Genome-wide array comparative genomic hybridization is a reliable tool for identifying uveal melanoma genomic imbalances. Gains of the 8q arm with monosomy 3 are frequent and are strongly associated with poor outcome. Gains of the 6p arm are rare and have a better prognosis. There is a mutually exclusive relationship between monosomy 3 and chromosome 6 abnormalities in our study. These results confirm previously published reports.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Abi-Ayad
- Service d'ophtalmologie, hôpital de la Croix-Rousse, 103, Grande rue de la Croix-Rousse, 69317 Lyon cedex 04, France.
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Malouf G, Camparo P, Oudard S, Schleiermacher G, Theodore C, Rustine A, Dutcher J, Billemont B, Rixe O, Bompas E, Guillot A, Boccon-Gibod L, Couturier J, Molinié V, Escudier B. Targeted agents in metastatic Xp11 translocation/TFE3 gene fusion renal cell carcinoma (RCC): a report from the Juvenile RCC Network. Ann Oncol 2010; 21:1834-1838. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdq029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Garosi L, Dawson A, Couturier J, Matiasek L, De Stefani A, Davies E, Jeffery N, Smith P. Necrotizing Cerebellitis and Cerebellar Atrophy Caused by Neospora caninum Infection: Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Clinicopathologic Findings in Seven Dogs. J Vet Intern Med 2010; 24:571-8. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1939-1676.2010.0485.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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Laé M, Couturier J, Oudard S, Radvanyi F, Beuzeboc P, Vieillefond A. Assessing HER2 gene amplification as a potential target for therapy in invasive urothelial bladder cancer with a standardized methodology: results in 1005 patients. Ann Oncol 2009; 21:815-819. [PMID: 19889613 PMCID: PMC2844947 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdp488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: This study assessed the human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER2) protein expression and its relationship with gene amplification in invasive bladder carcinoma, using the same criteria than for breast cancer. Patients and methods: In 1005 patients, paraffin-embedded tissues of transurethral resection or cystectomy were evaluated by immunohistochemistry (IHC), using antibodies against HER2. All samples with a 2+ or 3+ HER2 overexpression were evaluated by FISH. Results: HER2 overexpression was observed in 93 (9.2%) tumors (2+: 42 tumors and 3+: 51 tumors). Using FISH, all HER2 3+ tumors had a gene amplification, whereas no amplification was found in 2+ tumors. Intratumoral heterogeneity was observed in 35% of cases. These tumors showed the same heterogeneous pattern, with adjacent 3+ positive and negative areas by both IHC and FISH. Conclusions: This study showed that 5.1% of invasive bladder carcinomas had a HER2 gene amplification. These findings may have clinical implications for the management of patients with HER2-positive locally advanced or metastatic bladder cancer, as they could be potential candidates for targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - S Oudard
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou
| | - F Radvanyi
- Medical Recherche Unit 144-Oncologie Moléculaire-Centre national de la recherche scientifique, Institut Curie
| | - P Beuzeboc
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Curie
| | - A Vieillefond
- Department of Pathology, Hôpital Cochin, Paris, France
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Paccalin M, Couturier J, Page G. C24 Inflammation et maladie d’Alzheimer. Rev Neurol (Paris) 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/s0035-3787(09)72577-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Couturier J, Morel M, Chalon S, Gontier V, Pontcharraud R, Paccalin M, Page G. P2b-15 Inhibition de la kinase PKR dans la prévention de l’inflammation au cours de la maladie d’Alzheimer. Rev Neurol (Paris) 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/s0035-3787(09)72643-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Mariani P, Piperno-Neumann S, Servois V, Berry MG, Dorval T, Plancher C, Couturier J, Levy-Gabriel C, Lumbroso-Le Rouic L, Desjardins L, Salmon RJ. Surgical management of liver metastases from uveal melanoma: 16 years' experience at the Institut Curie. Eur J Surg Oncol 2009; 35:1192-7. [PMID: 19329272 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejso.2009.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2008] [Revised: 02/24/2009] [Accepted: 02/26/2009] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Uveal melanoma is characterised by a high prevalence of liver metastases and a poor prognosis. AIM To review the evolving surgical management of this challenging condition at a single institution over a 16-year period. PATIENTS AND METHODS Between January 1991 and June 2007, among 3873 patients with uveal melanoma, 798 patients had liver metastases. We undertook a detailed retrospective review of their clinical records and surgical procedures. The data was evaluated with both uni- and multivariate statistical analysis for predictive survival indicators. RESULTS 255 patients underwent surgical resection. The median interval between ocular tumour diagnosis and liver surgery was 68 months (range 19-81). Liver surgery was either microscopically complete (R0; n = 76), microscopically incomplete (R1; n = 22) or macroscopically incomplete (R2; n = 157). The median overall postoperative survival was 14 months, but increased to 27 months when R0 resection was possible. With multivariate analysis, four variables were found to independently correlate with prolonged survival: an interval from primary tumour diagnosis to liver metastases >24 months, comprehensiveness of surgical resection (R0), number of metastases resected (< or = 4) and absence of miliary disease. CONCLUSIONS Surgical resection, when possible, is able to almost double the survival and appears at present the optimal way of improving the prognosis in metastatic uveal melanoma. Advances in medical treatments will be required to further improve survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Mariani
- Department of Surgery, Institut Curie, 26 rue d'Ulm, 75248 Paris Cedex 05, France.
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Penault-Llorca F, Lannes B, Vincent-Salomon A, MacGrogan G, Vilain M, Fermeaux V, Treilleux I, Blanc-Fournier C, Leroux A, Antoine M, Ettore F, Charpin C, Jacquemier J, Escourrou G, Lacroix-Triki M, Gosset P, Sagan C, Arnould L, Couturier J. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) technique by reference centers for HER2 status determination in metastatic breast cancer: quality assurance results of FISH 2002 study. Cancer Res 2009. [DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.sabcs-2069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Abstract #2069
Background: Concordance between IHC and FISH in local and regional centers was evaluated in the FISH 2002 Study. Primary metastatic breast cancer (MBC) tumor samples were tested by IHC for HER2 status according to in-house techniques at 18 regional (n=871) and 81 peripheral (n=670) centers in France between 2002 and 2006. All samples were tested by FISH at regional centers [Penault-Llorca et al. SABCS 2006]. This second part of the study comprises quality assurance evaluation of FISH techniques.
 Methods: 464 cases were selected according to the protocol and were either re-assessed using archived pictures or retested by 3 reference centers (Clermont-Ferrand, Strasbourg, Paris-Curie). 246 samples were re-assessed and 166 were retested.
 Results:Global discordance combining re-assessment and retesting results was 10.7% in the first half of the study and 5.1% in the second part (p=0.041).
 
 Discussion: Concordance was excellent for negative (100%) and IHC 2+ cases (97%). Among low amplification cases (≥6 and <8 copies), 70% were concordant: discordant cases were mainly interpretation pitfalls of polysomic cases, emphasizing the importance of double-stained FISH analyses. These quality assurance results demonstrate that overall concordance and quality of HER2 status determined by FISH has improved significantly over time. This improvement is likely to be related to introduction of rigorous quality control procedures, training, and education, all of which should be continued.
Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(2 Suppl):Abstract nr 2069.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - B Lannes
- 14 Hopitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | | | | | - M Vilain
- 4 Centre Oscar Lambret, CLCC de la Région Nord, Lille, France
| | | | | | | | - A Leroux
- 7 Centre Alexis Vautrin, Vandoeuvre Nancy, France
| | - M Antoine
- 8 Hôpital Tenon APHP, Paris, France
| | - F Ettore
- 16 Centre Antoine Lacassagne, Nice, France
| | - C Charpin
- 9 CHU AP-HM Faculté de Médicine, Marseille, France
| | - J Jacquemier
- 10 Institut Paoli Calmettes Cancer Institute, Marseille, France
| | | | | | - P Gosset
- 11 GHICL-FLM Hopital St Vincent, Lille, France
| | - C Sagan
- 12 Hôpital Nord Laënec, Nantes, France
| | - L Arnould
- 13 Centre G-F Leclerc, Dijon, France
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