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Bhattacharjee A, Bagchi A, Sarkar S, Bawali S, Bhattacharya A, Biswas A. Repurposing approved protein kinase inhibitors as potent anti-leishmanials targeting Leishmania MAP kinases. Life Sci 2024; 351:122844. [PMID: 38897344 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.122844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
AIMS Leishmaniasis, caused by the protozoan parasite poses a significant health burden globally. With a very few specific drugs, increased drug resistance it is important to look for drug repurposing along with the identification of pre-clinical candidates against visceral leishmaniasis. This study aims to identify potential drug candidates against visceral leishmaniasis by targeting leishmanial MAP kinases and screening FDA approved protein kinase inhibitors. MATERIALS AND METHODS MAP kinases were identified from the Leishmania genome. 12 FDA approved protein kinase inhibitors were screened against Leishmania MAP kinases. Binding affinity, ADME and toxicity of identified drug candidates were profiled. The anti-proliferative effects and mechanism of action were assessed in Leishmania, including changes in cell morphology, flagellar length, cell cycle progression, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, and intra-macrophage parasitic burden. KEY FINDINGS 23 MAP kinases were identified from the Leishmania genome. Sorafenib and imatinib emerged as repurposable drug candidates and demonstrated excellent anti-proliferative effects in Leishmania. Treatment with these inhibitors resulted in significant changes in cell morphology, flagellar length, and cell cycle arrest. Furthermore, sorafenib and imatinib promoted ROS generation and reduced intra-macrophage parasitic burden, and elicited anti-leishmanial activity in in vivo experimental VL models. SIGNIFICANCE Collectively, these results imply involvement of MAP kinases in infectivity and survival of the parasite and can pave the avenue for repurposing sorafenib and imatinib as anti-leishmanial agents. These findings contribute to the exploration of new treatment options for visceral leishmaniasis, particularly in the context of emerging drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anindita Bhattacharjee
- Cell and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, Nadia 741235, India
| | - Arka Bagchi
- Cell and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, Nadia 741235, India
| | - Solanki Sarkar
- Cell and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, Nadia 741235, India
| | - Sriparna Bawali
- Cell and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, Nadia 741235, India
| | - Arijit Bhattacharya
- AMR Research Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, Adamas University, Kolkata 700126, India.
| | - Arunima Biswas
- Cell and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, Nadia 741235, India.
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Berger MG, Pereira B, Rousselot P, Cony-Makhoul P, Gardembas M, Legros L, Escoffre-Barbe M, Nicolini FE, Saugues S, Lambert C, Réa D, Guerci-Bresler A, Giraudier S, Guilhot J, Saussele S, Mahon FX. Longer treatment duration and history of osteoarticular symptoms predispose to tyrosine kinase inhibitor withdrawal syndrome. Br J Haematol 2019; 187:337-346. [PMID: 31271217 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.16083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The effectiveness of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) has made it possible to consider treatment discontinuation in chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) patients that achieve an excellent response. However, a few of the patients included in the Europe Stop Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors (EURO-SKI) trial reported musculoskeletal pain shortly after stopping TKIs, considered as a withdrawal syndrome (WS). To identify factors that may predispose to TKI WS, we analysed the pharmacovigilance declarations for the 6 months after stopping TKIs in a large cohort of CML (n = 427) that combined the French patients included in the STop IMatinib 2 (STIM2; n = 224) and EURO-SKI (n = 203) trials. Among these patients, 23% (99/427) developed TKI WS after stopping imatinib (77/373; 20·4%), nilotinib (12/29; 41·4%) or dasatinib (10/25; 40%). WS concerned mainly the upper body joints, and required multiple symptomatic treatments in 30% of patients. Univariate and multivariate analyses identified two risk factors: duration of TKI treatment [risk ratio (RR) = 1·68 (1·02-2·74)] with a 93-month cut-off time, and history of osteoarticular symptoms [RR = 1·84 (1·04-3·28)]. These findings confirm that WS is a TKI class effect. CML patients should be carefully screened before treatment initiation to identify pre-existent osteoarticular symptoms. Moreover, before TKI discontinuation, patients should be informed of the possibility of WS, particularly after a long treatment period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc G Berger
- CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Hôpital Estaing, Hématologie Biologique, Clermont-Ferrand Cedex, France.,Service d'Hématologie Clinique Adulte et Thérapie Cellulaire, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Hôpital Estaing, Clermont-Ferrand, Cedex, France.,Université Clermont Auvergne, EA 7453 CHELTER, Clermont-Ferrand, Cedex, France
| | - Bruno Pereira
- Délégation de la Recherche Clinique et de l'Innovation, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Philippe Rousselot
- Service d'Hématologie et d'Oncologie, CH de Versailles, Le Chesnay, France
| | - Pascale Cony-Makhoul
- Service Hématologie Clinique, Centre Hospitalier Annecy Genevois, Pringy, France
| | | | - Laurence Legros
- Service d'Hématologie Clinique, Hôpital Paul-Brousse (AP-HP), Villejuif, France
| | | | | | - Sandrine Saugues
- CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Hôpital Estaing, Hématologie Biologique, Clermont-Ferrand Cedex, France
| | - Céline Lambert
- Délégation de la Recherche Clinique et de l'Innovation, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Delphine Réa
- Groupe Hospitalier Saint-Louis, Service d'Hématologie, Lariboisière, Fernand-Widal (AP-HP), Paris, France
| | | | | | | | - Susanne Saussele
- III Medizinische Klinik, Medizinische Fakultät Mannheim, Universität Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
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Hassan IB, Benedict S, Kristensen J. Cytokine Syntheses by T-Cell Subsets From Chronic Myeloid Leukemia Patients: Relationship Between Pre-Treatment Levels and Response to Imatinib Therapy. J Hematol 2018; 7:96-106. [PMID: 32300421 PMCID: PMC7155834 DOI: 10.14740/jh410w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Although T-cell cytokine's role in the long-term control of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is well established, previous studies showed contradicting results regarding imatinib (IM) effect on the endogenous T-cell function by IM. The purpose of this study was to determine the relation between the endogenous T-cell function prior to therapy and the degree of response to IM therapy in CP CML. In addition, modulation of the endogenous T-cell function during IM therapy was studied. Methods We evaluated Th1 (gamma interferon (IFN-γ)), Th2 (interleukin (IL-4)) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α cytokine synthesis by activated T-cell subsets in 20 patients with newly diagnosed CML in chronic phase (CP CML) using flow cytometry before and during IM therapy compared to patients with IM resistance (IM Res) and healthy donors. Results Patients with optimal response (CML OR) to IM demonstrated a lower pre-treatment Th1 cytokine compared to that of healthy donors, and a higher percentage of Th2 and TNF-α producing T cells compared to that of healthy donors, non-optimal responders (CML nOR) and those with IM Res. A shift from Th2 profile to Th1 profile and initial decline of TNF-α producing T cells was detected early during therapy in optimal responders which was coinciding with complete hematological remission with a significant increase in the percentages of CD4+ve/IFN-γ+ve cells (P = 0.01) and a significant drop of in CD8+ve/IL-4+ve T cells (P = 0.04). Conclusion We believe that pre-treatment levels of IL-4 and/or TNF-α may have a role in identifying CP CML patients who may respond to IM therapy; however, further investigation is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inaam B Hassan
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, UAE.,Department of Oncology, Tawam Hospital, Al Ain, UAE
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Gugliotta G, Castagnetti F, Breccia M, Albano F, Iurlo A, Intermesoli T, Abruzzese E, Levato L, D'Adda M, Pregno P, Cavazzini F, Stagno F, Martino B, La Barba G, Sorà F, Tiribelli M, Bigazzi C, Binotto G, Bonifacio M, Caracciolo C, Soverini S, Foà R, Cavo M, Martinelli G, Pane F, Saglio G, Baccarani M, Rosti G. Incidence of second primary malignancies and related mortality in patients with imatinib-treated chronic myeloid leukemia. Haematologica 2017; 102:1530-1536. [PMID: 28572163 PMCID: PMC5685244 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2017.169532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 05/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The majority of patients with chronic myeloid leukemia are successfully managed with life-long treatment with tyrosine kinase inhibitors. In patients in chronic phase, other malignancies are among the most common causes of death, raising concerns on the relationship between these deaths and the off-target effects of tyrosine kinase inhibitors. We analyzed the incidence of second primary malignancies, and related mortality, in 514 chronic myeloid leukemia patients enrolled in clinical trials in which imatinib was given as first-line treatment. We then compared the observed incidence and mortality with those expected in the age- and sex-matched Italian general population, calculating standardized incidence and standardized mortality ratios. After a median follow-up of 74 months, 5.8% patients developed second primary malignancies. The median time from chronic myeloid leukemia to diagnosis of the second primary malignancies was 34 months. We did not find a higher incidence of second primary malignancies compared to that in the age- and sex-matched Italian general population, with standardized incidence ratios of 1.06 (95% CI: 0.57–1.54) and 1.61 (95% CI: 0.92–2.31) in males and females, respectively. Overall, 3.1% patients died of second primary malignancies. The death rate in patients with second primary malignancies was 53% (median overall survival: 18 months). Among females, the observed cancer-related mortality was superior to that expected in the age- and sex-matched Italian population, with a standardized mortality ratio of 2.41 (95% CI: 1.26 – 3.56). In conclusion, our analysis of patients with imatinib-treated chronic myeloid leukemia did not reveal a higher incidence of second primary malignancies; however, the outcome of second primary malignancies in such patients was worse than expected. Clinicaltrials.gov: NCT00514488, NCT00510926.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Gugliotta
- Institute of Hematology "L. and A. Seràgnoli", "S. Orsola-Malpighi" University Hospital, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Italy
| | - Fausto Castagnetti
- Institute of Hematology "L. and A. Seràgnoli", "S. Orsola-Malpighi" University Hospital, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Italy
| | - Massimo Breccia
- Division of Cellular Biotechnologies and Hematology, University Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Alessandra Iurlo
- Oncohematology Division, IRCCS Ca' Granda -Maggiore Policlinico Hospital Foundation, Milan, Italy
| | - Tamara Intermesoli
- Hematology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera "Papa Giovanni XXIII", Bergamo, Italy
| | | | - Luciano Levato
- Hematology Unit, "Pugliese-Ciaccio" Hospital, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Mariella D'Adda
- Hematology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera "Spedali Civili", Brescia, Italy
| | - Patrizia Pregno
- Hematology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria "Città della Salute e della Scienza", Torino, Italy
| | - Francesco Cavazzini
- Chair of Hematology, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Arcispedale "S. Anna", University of Ferrara, Italy
| | - Fabio Stagno
- Chair and Division of Hematology, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Policlinico - V. Emanuele, University of Catania, Italy
| | - Bruno Martino
- Hematology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera "Bianchi-Melacrino-Morelli", Reggio Calabria, Italy
| | - Gaetano La Barba
- Department of Hematology, "Spirito Santo" Hospital, Pescara, Italy
| | - Federica Sorà
- Chair of Hematology, "Cattolica del Sacro Cuore" University, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli, Rome, Italy
| | - Mario Tiribelli
- Division of Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Integrata di Udine, Italy
| | - Catia Bigazzi
- Hematology Unit, "C. e G. Mazzoni" Hospital, Ascoli Piceno, Italy
| | - Gianni Binotto
- Hematology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera di Padova, University of Padova, Italy
| | | | | | - Simona Soverini
- Institute of Hematology "L. and A. Seràgnoli", "S. Orsola-Malpighi" University Hospital, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Italy
| | - Robin Foà
- Division of Cellular Biotechnologies and Hematology, University Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | - Michele Cavo
- Institute of Hematology "L. and A. Seràgnoli", "S. Orsola-Malpighi" University Hospital, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Italy
| | - Giovanni Martinelli
- Institute of Hematology "L. and A. Seràgnoli", "S. Orsola-Malpighi" University Hospital, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Pane
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Biotechnologies, "Federico II" University, Napoli, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Saglio
- Chair of Hematology, Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, "S Luigi Gonzaga" University Hospital, University of Torino, Orbassano, Italy
| | - Michele Baccarani
- Department of Hematology and Oncology "L. and A. Seràgnoli", University of Bologna, Italy
| | - Gianantonio Rosti
- Institute of Hematology "L. and A. Seràgnoli", "S. Orsola-Malpighi" University Hospital, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Italy
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Von Laffert M, Hänel M, Dietel M, Anagnostopoulos I, Jöhrens K. Increase of T and B cells and altered BACH2 expression patterns in bone marrow trephines of imatinib-treated patients with chronic myelogenous leukaemia. Oncol Lett 2016; 12:2421-2428. [PMID: 27698808 PMCID: PMC5038374 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2016.4964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2016] [Accepted: 06/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The effect of imatinib on T and B cells in patients with chronic myelogenous leukaemia (CML) is not well understood. An upregulation of the transcription factor Broad-complex-Tramtrack-Bric-a-Brac and Cap‘n’collar 1 bZip transcription factor 2 (BACH2), which is involved in the development and differentiation of B cells, was demonstrated in a CML cell line treated with imatinib. The present study retrospectively analysed the expression and distribution of cluster of differentiation (CD)3, CD20 and BACH2 (per 1,000 cells), as well as the co-expression of CD20 and BACH2, using immunohistochemistry in serial bone marrow trephines obtained from 14 CML patients treated with imatinib in comparison to 17 patients with newly diagnosed CML and 6 control trephines. Bone marrow trephines of CML patients in remission under imatinib therapy exhibited significantly higher numbers of CD3 and CD20 infiltrates (partly ordered in aggregates) compared with patients with newly diagnosed CML and control individuals. Similarly, nuclear expression of BACH2 in granulopoietic cells was increased in CML patients treated with imatinib, which may represent the histological correlate of the positive treatment effect. Furthermore, since BACH2 is involved in B cell development, its altered expression patterns by imatinib may be one explanation for high B cell numbers, as revealed by CD20/BACH2 (nuclear)-positive cells. As the present data are preliminary, future prospective studies are required to assess the prognostic and predictive role of BACH2 in patients with CML under targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mathias Hänel
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Klinikum Chemnitz gGmbH, D-09113 Chemnitz, Germany
| | - Manfred Dietel
- Institute of Pathology, Charité Universitätsmedizin, D-10117 Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Korinna Jöhrens
- Institute of Pathology, Charité Universitätsmedizin, D-10117 Berlin, Germany
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Sharp KG, Yee KM, Steward O. A re-assessment of treatment with a tyrosine kinase inhibitor (imatinib) on tissue sparing and functional recovery after spinal cord injury. Exp Neurol 2014; 254:1-11. [PMID: 24440639 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2013.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2013] [Revised: 12/21/2013] [Accepted: 12/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
This study was undertaken as part of the NIH "Facilities of Research Excellence-Spinal Cord Injury" project to support independent replication of published studies. Here, we repeat key parts of a study reporting that rats treated with imatinib (Gleevec®, Novartis) after spinal cord contusion injury exhibited enhanced bladder function, greater recovery of motor function, and increased tissue sparing. Young adult female SCA Sprague-Dawley rats received moderate contusion injuries at T9-T10 using the MASCIS weight drop device. One group (n=16) received oral doses of imatinib 30min after injury and then daily doses for 5days. A control group (n=18) received vehicle. Motor function was assessed with the BBB locomotor rating scale and a contact plantar placement task. Bladder function was assessed by measuring the amount of urine retained in the bladder. Tissue preservation was assessed by immunostaining and stereological analysis. Rats that received imatinib had lower volumes of retained urine, suggesting improved bladder function, but there were no significant differences in motor function on any of the other tasks. Tissue preservation was assessed by immunostaining and stereological analysis. Quantitative analysis of spared tissue, cyst size, spared white matter, and inflammatory cell invasion revealed no significant differences between imatinib treated and control rats. Taken together our results confirm the findings that treatment with imatinib improves bladder function after SCI but fail to replicate findings of improved motor function, enhanced tissue sparing, and decreased inflammatory cell invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Oswald Steward
- Reeve-Irvine Research Center, USA; Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, University of California at Irvine School of Medicine, Irvine, CA 92697-4265, USA; Department of Neurobiology & Behavior, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697-4265, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, University of California at Irvine School of Medicine, Irvine, CA 92697-4265, USA.
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Atalay F, Kızılkılıç E, Ada RS. Imatinib-induced psoriasis. Turk J Haematol 2014; 30:216-8. [PMID: 24385791 PMCID: PMC3878456 DOI: 10.4274/tjh.2012.0147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2013] [Accepted: 01/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Figen Atalay
- Başkent University School of Medicine, Department of Hematology, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Ebru Kızılkılıç
- Maltepe University, School of Medicine, Department of Hematology, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - R Simin Ada
- Başkent University School of Medicine, Department of Dermatology, İstanbul, Turkey
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Spies-Weisshart B, Schilling K, Böhmer F, Hochhaus A, Sayer HG, Scholl S. Lack of association of platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) receptor autoantibodies and severity of chronic graft-versus-host disease (GvHD). J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2013; 139:1397-404. [DOI: 10.1007/s00432-013-1451-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2013] [Accepted: 05/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Abrams MB, Nilsson I, Lewandowski SA, Kjell J, Codeluppi S, Olson L, Eriksson U. Imatinib enhances functional outcome after spinal cord injury. PLoS One 2012; 7:e38760. [PMID: 22723886 PMCID: PMC3378614 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0038760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2012] [Accepted: 05/12/2012] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
We investigated whether imatinib (Gleevec®, Novartis), a tyrosine kinase inhibitor, could improve functional outcome in experimental spinal cord injury. Rats subjected to contusion spinal cord injury were treated orally with imatinib for 5 days beginning 30 minutes after injury. We found that imatinib significantly enhanced blood-spinal cord-barrier integrity, hindlimb locomotor function, sensorimotor integration, and bladder function, as well as attenuated astrogliosis and deposition of chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans, and increased tissue preservation. These improvements were associated with enhanced vascular integrity and reduced inflammation. Our results show that imatinib improves recovery in spinal cord injury by preserving axons and other spinal cord tissue components. The rapid time course of these beneficial effects suggests that the effects of imatinib are neuroprotective rather than neurorestorative. The positive effects on experimental spinal cord injury, obtained by oral delivery of a clinically used drug, makes imatinib an interesting candidate drug for clinical trials in spinal cord injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathew B Abrams
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Rohon P. Biological therapy and the immune system in patients with chronic myeloid leukemia. Int J Hematol 2012; 96:1-9. [PMID: 22661045 DOI: 10.1007/s12185-012-1116-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2012] [Revised: 05/22/2012] [Accepted: 05/23/2012] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a clonal myeloproliferative disorder of hematopoietic stem cells that has been recognized as a disease responsive to immunotherapy. Despite the huge success of the tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), CML remains for the most part incurable, probably due to treatment resistance of leukemic stem cells, which are responsible for rapid disease relapse after discontinuation of therapy. Only allogeneic stem cell transplantation enables disease eradication. In addition to the Bcr-Abl1 oncoprotein, TKIs also inhibit off-target kinases (e.g. c-kit, Src, Tec), some of them having physiological functions in immune responses. In vitro studies have implied immunomodulatory effects of TKIs and interferon-alpha (IFN-α), but comprehensive information from in vivo analyses is missing. This review summarizes the recent advances in the field of immunology of CML, including basic information about leukemia-associated antigens and peptide vaccines, that could lead to the incorporation of TKIs and IFN-α in future therapeutic, potentially curative, interventions for CML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Rohon
- University Hospital, Olomouc, Czech Republic.
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Abstract
It has recently become clear that the tumour microenvironment, and in particular the immune system, has a crucial role in modulating tumour progression and response to therapy. Indicators of an ongoing immune response, such as the composition of the intratumoural immune infiltrate, as well as polymorphisms in genes encoding immune modulators, have been correlated with therapeutic outcome. Moreover, several anticancer agents--including classical chemotherapeutics and targeted compounds--stimulate tumour-specific immune responses either by inducing the immunogenic death of tumour cells or by engaging immune effector mechanisms. Here, we discuss the molecular and cellular circuitries whereby cytotoxic agents can activate the immune system against cancer, and their therapeutic implications.
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Herrmann AM, Göbel K, Simon OJ, Melzer N, Schuhmann MK, Stenner MP, Weishaupt A, Kleinschnitz C, Bittner S, Meuth P, Stuve O, Budde T, Kieseier BC, Wiendl H, Meuth SG. Glatiramer acetate attenuates pro-inflammatory T cell responses but does not directly protect neurons from inflammatory cell death. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2010; 177:3051-60. [PMID: 21037084 DOI: 10.2353/ajpath.2010.100442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Glatiramer acetate (GA) is a synthetic, random, basic copolymer capable of modulating adaptive T cell responses. In animal models of various inflammatory and degenerative central nervous system disorders, GA-induced T cells cross the blood-brain barrier, secrete high levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines and neurotrophins, and thus both reduce neuronal damage and promote neurogenesis. Recently, it has been suggested that GA itself may permeate the (impaired) blood-brain-barrier and directly protect neurons under conditions of inflammation-mediated neurodegeneration. To test this hypothesis, we examined the direct effects of GA on neuronal functionality and T cell-mediated neuronal apoptosis in culture, acute brain slices, and focal experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. GA caused a depolarization of the resting membrane potential and led to an immediate impairment of action potential generation in neurons. Moreover, GA-incubated neurons underwent dose-dependent apoptosis. Apoptosis of ovalbumin peptide-loaded major histocompatibility complex class I-expressing neurons induced by ovalbumin-specific effector T cells could be reduced by pre-incubation of T cells, but not neurons with GA. Similar results could be found using acute brain slices. In focal experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, lesion size and neuronal apoptosis could be limited by pretreating rats with GA, whereas intracerebral GA application into the inflammatory lesion had no effect on neuronal survival. Our data suggest that GA attenuates adaptive pro-inflammatory T cell responses, but does not exert direct neuroprotective effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander M Herrmann
- Department of Neurology-Inflammatory Disorders of the Nervous System and Neurooncology, University of Münster, Domagkstr. 13, 48149 Münster, Germany
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Carulli G, Cannizzo E, Ottaviano V, Cervetti G, Buda G, Galimberti S, Baratè C, Marini A, Petrini M. Abnormal phenotype of bone marrow plasma cells in patients with chronic myeloid leukemia undergoing therapy with Imatinib. Leuk Res 2010; 34:1336-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2010.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2009] [Revised: 01/09/2010] [Accepted: 01/11/2010] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Rosengren S, Corr M, Boyle DL. Platelet-derived growth factor and transforming growth factor beta synergistically potentiate inflammatory mediator synthesis by fibroblast-like synoviocytes. Arthritis Res Ther 2010; 12:R65. [PMID: 20380722 PMCID: PMC2888219 DOI: 10.1186/ar2981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2009] [Revised: 02/19/2010] [Accepted: 04/09/2010] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The objective of this study was to model the effects of transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), both present in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) synovia, on the behavior of fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) in response to pro-inflammatory cytokine (interleukin (IL)1β, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFα)) challenge. Methods Gene and protein expression by fibroblast-like synoviocytes in vitro was studied by quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction (qPCR), ELISA and multiplex bead cytokine assays. Intracellular signaling pathway activation was determined by Western blot for phospho-kinases and the use of specific inhibitors. Results In combination, TGF-β and PDGF (2GF) synergistically augmented TNFα- or IL1β-induced matrix metalloproteinase 3 (MMP3), IL6, IL8, and macrophage inflammatory protein 1 alpha (MIP1α) secretion by FLS. Other FLS-derived mediators remained unaffected. Individually, neither growth factor significantly potentiated TNFα or IL1β-induced MMP3 secretion, and only slightly enhanced IL6. The effect of 2GF on TNFα-induced gene expression was transcriptionally mediated; blocked by imatinib mesylate; and occurred even if 2GF was added as much as four hours prior to TNFα. In addition, a 15-minute pulse of 2GF four hours prior to TNFα stimulation yielded a synergistic response. The extracellular-signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) signaling pathways were induced for at least four hours by 2GF, as demonstrated by persistently upregulated levels of phospho-Akt and phospho-ERK. However, pharmacologic inhibitor studies demonstrated that the potentiating action of 2GF was dependent on PI3 kinase only, and not on ERK. Conclusions The combination of PDGF and TGF-β dramatically potentiates FLS response to cytokines in a receptor-mediated and PI3 kinase-dependent fashion. These data suggest that 2GF contribute to synovitis by directing synovial fibroblasts toward a more aggressive phenotype in response to TNFα. Therefore, inhibition of growth factor signaling may constitute a complementary therapeutic approach to cytokine-targeted treatments for RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanna Rosengren
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, University of California at San Diego School of Medicine, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0656, USA
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Göbel K, Melzer N, Herrmann AM, Schuhmann MK, Bittner S, Ip CW, Hünig T, Meuth SG, Wiendl H. Collateral neuronal apoptosis in CNS gray matter during an oligodendrocyte-directed CD8(+) T cell attack. Glia 2010; 58:469-80. [PMID: 19780193 DOI: 10.1002/glia.20938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Demyelination and death of oligodendrocytes accompanied by transection of neurites and neuronal apoptosis are pathological hallmarks of cortical and subcortical gray matter lesions in demyelinating viral and autoimmune inflammatory CNS disorders. In these disorders, leukocortical lesions, containing the perikarya of most efferent neurons, display pronounced infiltration by CD8(+) T cells of putative specificity for oligodendrocyte- and myelin-related antigens. Hence, neuronal apoptosis in gray matter lesions may be a collateral effect of an oligodendrocyte-directed attack by CD8(+) T cells. To challenge this hypothesis, we transferred activated antigen-specific CD8(+) T cells (OT-I T cells) into acute coronal brain slices from mice selectively expressing ovalbumin as a cytosolic neo-self-antigen in oligodendrocytes (ODC-OVA mice). We studied mechanisms and kinetics of oligodendroglial and neuronal apoptosis in the neocortex and hippocampus, using multicolor staining for different cell types and activated caspase-3. Within the gray matter, a single OT-I T cell caused simultaneous caspase-3 activation in about 30 ODCs and 10 neurons within 6 h in a strictly antigen-dependent manner. Experiments with OT-I T cells genetically deficient for perforin or the granzyme B-cluster and with blocking anti-FasL antibodies as well as proinflammatory cytokines revealed, that collateral apoptosis of neurons was likely due to a spillover of perforin and granzyme(s) from the OT-I T cell itself or the immunological synapse that it selectively formed with antigen-presenting oligodendrocytes. Collateral neuronal apoptosis could contribute to substantial neuronal loss in gray matter lesions and cause persistent neurological impairment in both acute and chronic gray matter lesions in various inflammatory CNS disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerstin Göbel
- Department of Neurology, University of Würzburg, Germany
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Klyuchnikov E, Kröger N, Brummendorf TH, Wiedemann B, Zander AR, Bacher U. Current Status and Perspectives of Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor Treatment in the Posttransplant Period in Patients with Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia (CML). Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 2010; 16:301-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbmt.2009.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2009] [Accepted: 08/31/2009] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Glatigny S, Blaton MA, Mencher SK, Mistou S, Lucas B, Fournier C, Wang LG, Chiocchia G. Treatment of collagen-induced arthritis by Natura-alpha via regulation of Th-1/Th-17 responses. Eur J Immunol 2010; 40:460-9. [PMID: 20077403 DOI: 10.1002/eji.200939566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Cytokines and CD4(+) Th cells play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis. Among the Th populations, Th-1 and Th-17 have been described as pathogenic in collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) whereas Th-2 and Treg were found to have protective effects. The objective of this study was to examine the affect of Natura-alpha, a newly developed cytokine regulator, on CIA and on Th cell development. Natura-alpha treatment was administered before or during arthritis induction. Anti-type II collagen antibodies and cytokine expression were evaluated by ELISA. Emergence of CD4(+)CD25(+)Foxp3(+) T cells was assessed by flow cytometry. Th-17 differentiation of naive CD4 T cells was assessed in cultures with anti-CD3 and anti-CD28. We showed that Natura-alpha both prevented and treated CIA. We further demonstrated that in vivo treatment with Natura-alpha inhibited IL-17 production and anti-type II collagen IgG development. We showed in vitro, using an APC-free system, that Natura-alpha acted directly on differentiating T cells and inhibiting the formation of Th-1 and Th-17 cells but did not affect Th-2 cells. Since Natura-alpha inhibits a large spectrum of important pathogenic factors in CIA, it may provide a new and powerful approach to the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and other inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Glatigny
- Institut Cochin, Université Paris Descartes CNRS (UMR 8104), Paris, France
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Imatinib, cytokines and interstitial lung disease in a patient with primary myelofibrosis. Ann Hematol 2009; 89:829-31. [DOI: 10.1007/s00277-009-0884-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2009] [Accepted: 12/03/2009] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Dickens E, Lewis F, Bienz N. Imatinib: a designer drug, another cutaneous complication. Clin Exp Dermatol 2009; 34:603-4. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2230.2009.03250.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Pinilla-Ibarz J, Shah B, Dubovsky JA. The biological basis for immunotherapy in patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia. Cancer Control 2009; 16:141-52. [PMID: 19337200 DOI: 10.1177/107327480901600206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) has long been recognized as an entity responsive to immunotherapeutic interventions. Despite the success of the tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) in this disease, CML remains incurable. Only allogeneic bone marrow transplantation can provide long-term eradication of CML. METHODS This review summarizes the recent advances in the field of immunology in CML, specifically in tumor antigen discovery, that have been incorporated into the design of new clinical trials. RESULTS Multiple vaccine approaches are currently under clinical investigation. Recent laboratory and clinical data also point to a unique interaction of TKIs with the immune system. CONCLUSIONS A better understanding of these interactions combined with advances in the field of immunotherapy will likely lead to incorporation of TKIs in future therapeutic interventions to develop a cure for this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Pinilla-Ibarz
- Department of Malignant Hematology at the H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, Florida 33612, USA.
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Napierska D, Thomassen LCJ, Rabolli V, Lison D, Gonzalez L, Kirsch-Volders M, Martens JA, Hoet PH. Size-dependent cytotoxicity of monodisperse silica nanoparticles in human endothelial cells. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2009; 5:846-53. [PMID: 19288475 DOI: 10.1002/smll.200800461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 415] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The effect that monodisperse amorphous spherical silica particles of different sizes have on the viability of endothelial cells (EAHY926 cell line) is investigated. The results indicate that exposure to silica nanoparticles causes cytotoxic damage (as indicated by lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release) and a decrease in cell survival (as determined by the tetrazolium reduction, MTT, assay) in the EAHY926 cell line in a dose-related manner. Concentrations leading to a 50% reduction in cell viability (TC(50)) for the smallest particles tested (14-, 15-, and 16-nm diameter) ranging from 33 to 47 microg cm(-2) of cell culture differ significantly from values assessed for the bigger nanoparticles: 89 and 254 microg cm(-2) (diameter of 19 and 60 nm, respectively). Two fine silica particles with diameters of 104 and 335 nm show very low cytotoxic response compared to nanometer-sized particles with TC(50) values of 1095 and 1087 microg cm(-2), respectively. The smaller particles also appear to affect the exposed cells faster with cell death (by necrosis) being observed within just a few hours. The surface area of the tested particles is an important parameter in determining the toxicity of monodisperse amorphous silica nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorota Napierska
- Laboratory of Lung Toxicology, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
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Tristano AG. Tyrosine kinases as targets in rheumatoid arthritis. Int Immunopharmacol 2009; 9:1-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2008.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2008] [Revised: 09/12/2008] [Accepted: 09/15/2008] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Kim DH, Kamel-Reid S, Chang H, Sutherland R, Jung CW, Kim HJ, Lee JJ, Lipton JH. Natural killer or natural killer/T cell lineage large granular lymphocytosis associated with dasatinib therapy for Philadelphia chromosome positive leukemia. Haematologica 2008; 94:135-9. [PMID: 19066329 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.13151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Dasatinib, a dual tyrosine kinase inhibitor, is known to modulate or suppress T-cell activation and proliferation. We report a series of 8 patients who developed chronic peripheral lymphocytosis, identified as natural killer cells or natural killer/T-cells based on their large granular lymphocyte morphologies and CD16(+), CD56(+), CD3(-) or CD3(+) immunophenotypic profiles, out of 18 patients receiving dasatinib therapy. All cases that developed large granular lymphocyte lymphocytosis achieved optimal molecular response (8/8 in large granular lymphocyte(+) patients vs. 3/10 in large granular lymphocyte(-) patients, p=0.002). A (51)Cr release assay demonstrated that natural killer cell cytotoxicity has been enhanced in a case of large granular lymphocyte lymphocytosis compared to normal healthy donors, and that natural killer cell cytotoxicity in dasatinib-responders was superior to that in non-responders. In summary, the present study suggests that natural killer or natural killer/T cell lineage large granular lymphocyte lymphocytosis develops in association with dasatinib therapy and that large granular lymphocyte might have a therapeutic effect on Ph(+) leukemic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Hwan Kim
- Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia Group, Department of Hematology/Medical Oncology, Princess Margaret Hospital, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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Tyrosine kinase inhibitors reverse type 1 diabetes in nonobese diabetic mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2008; 105:18895-900. [PMID: 19015530 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0810246105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 174] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The recent development of small-molecule tyrosine kinase (TK) inhibitors offers increasing opportunities for the treatment of autoimmune diseases. In this study, we investigated the potential of this new class of drugs to treat and cure type 1 diabetes (T1D) in the NOD mouse. Treatment of prediabetic and new onset diabetic mice with imatinib (Gleevec) prevented and reversed T1D. Similar results were observed with sunitinib (Sutent), an additional approved multikinase inhibitor, suggesting that the primary target of imatinib, c-Abl, was not essential in blocking disease in this model. Additional studies with another TK inhibitor, PLX647 (targeting c-Kit and c-Fms) or an anti-c-Kit mAb showed only marginal efficacy whereas a soluble form of platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR), PDGFRbetaIg, rapidly reversed diabetes. These findings strongly suggest that inhibition of PDGFR is critical to reverse diabetes and highlight a crucial role of inflammation in the development of T1D. These conclusions were supported by the finding that the adaptive immune system was not significantly affected by imatinib treatment. Finally, and most significantly, imatinib treatment led to durable remission after discontinuation of therapy at 10 weeks in a majority of mice. Thus, long-term efficacy and tolerance is likely to depend on inhibiting a combination of tyrosine kinases supporting the use of selective kinase inhibitors as a new, potentially very attractive approach for the treatment of T1D.
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Magro L, Catteau B, Coiteux V, Bruno B, Jouet JP, Yakoub-Agha I. Efficacy of imatinib mesylate in the treatment of refractory sclerodermatous chronic GVHD. Bone Marrow Transplant 2008; 42:757-60. [DOI: 10.1038/bmt.2008.252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Weichsel R, Dix C, Wooldridge L, Clement M, Fenton-May A, Sewell AK, Zezula J, Greiner E, Gostick E, Price DA, Einsele H, Seggewiss R. Profound inhibition of antigen-specific T-cell effector functions by dasatinib. Clin Cancer Res 2008; 14:2484-91. [PMID: 18413841 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-07-4393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The dual BCR-ABL/SRC kinase inhibitor dasatinib entered the clinic for the treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia and Ph+ acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Because SRC kinases are known to play an important role in physiologic T-cell activation, we analyzed the immunobiological effects of dasatinib on T-cell function. The effect of dasatinib on multiple T-cell effector functions was examined at clinically relevant doses (1-100 nmol/L); the promiscuous tyrosine kinase inhibitor staurosporine was used as a comparator. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Purified human CD3+ cells and virus-specific CD8+ T cells from healthy blood donors were studied directly ex vivo; antigen-specific effects were confirmed in defined T-cell clones. Functional outcomes included cytokine production (interleukin-2, IFN gamma, and tumor necrosis factor alpha), degranulation (CD107a/b mobilization), activation (CD69 up-regulation), proliferation (carboxyfluorescein diacetate succinimidyl ester dilution), apoptosis/necrosis induction, and signal transduction. RESULTS Both dasatinib and staurosporine inhibited T-cell activation, proliferation, cytokine production, and degranulation in a dose-dependent manner. Mechanistically, this was mediated by the blockade of early signal transduction events and was not due to loss of T-cell viability. Overall, CD4+ T cells seemed to be more sensitive to these effects than CD8+ T cells, and naïve T cells more sensitive than memory T-cell subsets. The inhibitory effects of dasatinib were so profound that all T-cell effector functions were shut down at therapeutically relevant concentrations. CONCLUSION These findings indicate that caution is warranted with use of this drug in the clinical setting and provide a rationale to explore the potential of dasatinib as an immunosuppressant in the fields of transplantation and T-cell-driven autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralf Weichsel
- Immune Recovery Section, Med. Klinik und Poliklinik II, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
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