1
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Sellgren CM, Imbeault S, Larsson MK, Oliveros A, Nilsson IAK, Codeluppi S, Orhan F, Bhat M, Tufvesson-Alm M, Gracias J, Kegel ME, Zheng Y, Faka A, Svedberg M, Powell SB, Caldwell S, Kamenski ME, Vawter MP, Schulmann A, Goiny M, Svensson CI, Hökfelt T, Schalling M, Schwieler L, Cervenka S, Choi DS, Landén M, Engberg G, Erhardt S. Correction: GRK3 deficiency elicits brain immune activation and psychosis. Mol Psychiatry 2022; 27:1855. [PMID: 34744164 PMCID: PMC9119248 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-021-01371-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Carl M. Sellgren
- grid.4714.60000 0004 1937 0626Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden ,grid.4714.60000 0004 1937 0626Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm & Stockholm Health Care Services, Region Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sophie Imbeault
- grid.4714.60000 0004 1937 0626Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Markus K. Larsson
- grid.4714.60000 0004 1937 0626Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Alfredo Oliveros
- grid.66875.3a0000 0004 0459 167XDepartment of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN USA
| | - Ida A. K. Nilsson
- grid.4714.60000 0004 1937 0626Translational Psychiatry, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden ,grid.24381.3c0000 0000 9241 5705Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Simone Codeluppi
- grid.4714.60000 0004 1937 0626Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Funda Orhan
- grid.4714.60000 0004 1937 0626Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Maria Bhat
- grid.418151.80000 0001 1519 6403Research and Development, Innovative Medicines, Personalised Healthcare and Biomarkers, Translational Science Centre, Science for Life Laboratory, AstraZeneca, Solna, Sweden ,grid.4714.60000 0004 1937 0626Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Maximilian Tufvesson-Alm
- grid.4714.60000 0004 1937 0626Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jessica Gracias
- grid.4714.60000 0004 1937 0626Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Magdalena E. Kegel
- grid.4714.60000 0004 1937 0626Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Yiran Zheng
- grid.4714.60000 0004 1937 0626Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anthi Faka
- grid.4714.60000 0004 1937 0626Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Marie Svedberg
- grid.4714.60000 0004 1937 0626Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Susan B. Powell
- grid.266100.30000 0001 2107 4242Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA USA
| | - Sorana Caldwell
- grid.266100.30000 0001 2107 4242Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA USA
| | - Mary E. Kamenski
- grid.266100.30000 0001 2107 4242Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA USA
| | - Marquis P. Vawter
- grid.266093.80000 0001 0668 7243Functional Genomics Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of California Irvine School of Medicine, Irvine, CA USA
| | - Anton Schulmann
- grid.266093.80000 0001 0668 7243Functional Genomics Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of California Irvine School of Medicine, Irvine, CA USA ,grid.416868.50000 0004 0464 0574Human Genetics Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD USA
| | - Michel Goiny
- grid.4714.60000 0004 1937 0626Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Camilla I. Svensson
- grid.4714.60000 0004 1937 0626Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tomas Hökfelt
- grid.4714.60000 0004 1937 0626Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Martin Schalling
- grid.4714.60000 0004 1937 0626Translational Psychiatry, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden ,grid.24381.3c0000 0000 9241 5705Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lilly Schwieler
- grid.4714.60000 0004 1937 0626Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Simon Cervenka
- grid.4714.60000 0004 1937 0626Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm & Stockholm Health Care Services, Region Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Doo-Sup Choi
- grid.66875.3a0000 0004 0459 167XDepartment of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN USA ,grid.66875.3a0000 0004 0459 167XDepartment of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN USA
| | - Mikael Landén
- grid.8761.80000 0000 9919 9582Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden ,grid.4714.60000 0004 1937 0626Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Göran Engberg
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Sophie Erhardt
- grid.4714.60000 0004 1937 0626Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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2
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Schede HH, Schneider CG, Stergiadou J, Borm LE, Ranjak A, Yamawaki TM, David FPA, Lönnerberg P, Tosches MA, Codeluppi S, La Manno G. Spatial tissue profiling by imaging-free molecular tomography. Nat Biotechnol 2021; 39:968-977. [PMID: 33875865 DOI: 10.1038/s41587-021-00879-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Several techniques are currently being developed for spatially resolved omics profiling, but each new method requires the setup of specific detection strategies or specialized instrumentation. Here we describe an imaging-free framework to localize high-throughput readouts within a tissue by cutting the sample into thin strips in a way that allows subsequent image reconstruction. We implemented this framework to transform a low-input RNA sequencing protocol into an imaging-free spatial transcriptomics technique (called STRP-seq) and validated it by profiling the spatial transcriptome of the mouse brain. We applied the technique to the brain of the Australian bearded dragon, Pogona vitticeps. Our results reveal the molecular anatomy of the telencephalon of this lizard, providing evidence for a marked regionalization of the reptilian pallium and subpallium. We expect that STRP-seq can be used to derive spatially resolved data from a range of other omics techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Halima Hannah Schede
- Brain Mind Institute, School of Life Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Christian G Schneider
- Brain Mind Institute, School of Life Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of the Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin: NeuroCure Clinical Research Center, Berlin, Germany
| | - Johanna Stergiadou
- Division of Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.,10x Genomics, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lars E Borm
- Division of Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anurag Ranjak
- Brain Mind Institute, School of Life Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Tracy M Yamawaki
- Max Planck Institute for Brain Research, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,Amgen, Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Fabrice P A David
- Brain Mind Institute, School of Life Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.,BioInformatics Competence Center, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Peter Lönnerberg
- Division of Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Maria Antonietta Tosches
- Max Planck Institute for Brain Research, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Simone Codeluppi
- Division of Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Gioele La Manno
- Brain Mind Institute, School of Life Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
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3
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Park J, Choi W, Tiesmeyer S, Long B, Borm LE, Garren E, Nguyen TN, Tasic B, Codeluppi S, Graf T, Schlesner M, Stegle O, Eils R, Ishaque N. Cell segmentation-free inference of cell types from in situ transcriptomics data. Nat Commun 2021; 12:3545. [PMID: 34112806 PMCID: PMC8192952 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-23807-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiplexed fluorescence in situ hybridization techniques have enabled cell-type identification, linking transcriptional heterogeneity with spatial heterogeneity of cells. However, inaccurate cell segmentation reduces the efficacy of cell-type identification and tissue characterization. Here, we present a method called Spot-based Spatial cell-type Analysis by Multidimensional mRNA density estimation (SSAM), a robust cell segmentation-free computational framework for identifying cell-types and tissue domains in 2D and 3D. SSAM is applicable to a variety of in situ transcriptomics techniques and capable of integrating prior knowledge of cell types. We apply SSAM to three mouse brain tissue images: the somatosensory cortex imaged by osmFISH, the hypothalamic preoptic region by MERFISH, and the visual cortex by multiplexed smFISH. Here, we show that SSAM detects regions occupied by known cell types that were previously missed and discovers new cell types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeongbin Park
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Digital Health Center, Kapelle-Ufer 2, 10117, Berlin, Germany
- Faculty of Biosciences, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
- Division of Computational Genomics and System Genetics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Wonyl Choi
- Department of Computer Science, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sebastian Tiesmeyer
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Digital Health Center, Kapelle-Ufer 2, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Brian Long
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Lars E Borm
- Division of molecular neurobiology, Department of medical biochemistry and biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Emma Garren
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | | | - Simone Codeluppi
- Division of molecular neurobiology, Department of medical biochemistry and biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tobias Graf
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Digital Health Center, Kapelle-Ufer 2, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Matthias Schlesner
- Bioinformatics and Omics Data Analytics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Oliver Stegle
- Division of Computational Genomics and System Genetics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Genome Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Roland Eils
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Digital Health Center, Kapelle-Ufer 2, 10117, Berlin, Germany.
- Health Data Science Unit, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Naveed Ishaque
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Digital Health Center, Kapelle-Ufer 2, 10117, Berlin, Germany.
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4
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Sellgren CM, Imbeault S, Larsson MK, Oliveros A, Nilsson IAK, Codeluppi S, Orhan F, Bhat M, Tufvesson-Alm M, Gracias J, Kegel ME, Zheng Y, Faka A, Svedberg M, Powell SB, Caldwell S, Kamenski ME, Vawter MP, Schulmann A, Goiny M, Svensson CI, Hökfelt T, Schalling M, Schwieler L, Cervenka S, Choi DS, Landén M, Engberg G, Erhardt S. GRK3 deficiency elicits brain immune activation and psychosis. Mol Psychiatry 2021; 26:6820-6832. [PMID: 33976392 PMCID: PMC8760053 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-021-01106-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The G protein-coupled receptor kinase (GRK) family member protein GRK3 has been linked to the pathophysiology of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Expression, as well as protein levels, of GRK3 are reduced in post-mortem prefrontal cortex of schizophrenia subjects. Here, we investigate functional behavior and neurotransmission related to immune activation and psychosis using mice lacking functional Grk3 and utilizing a variety of methods, including behavioral, biochemical, electrophysiological, molecular, and imaging methods. Compared to wildtype controls, the Grk3-/- mice show a number of aberrations linked to psychosis, including elevated brain levels of IL-1β, increased turnover of kynurenic acid (KYNA), hyper-responsiveness to D-amphetamine, elevated spontaneous firing of midbrain dopamine neurons, and disruption in prepulse inhibition. Analyzing human genetic data, we observe a link between psychotic features in bipolar disorder, decreased GRK expression, and increased concentration of CSF KYNA. Taken together, our data suggest that Grk3-/- mice show face and construct validity relating to the psychosis phenotype with glial activation and would be suitable for translational studies of novel immunomodulatory agents in psychotic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carl M. Sellgren
- grid.4714.60000 0004 1937 0626Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden ,grid.4714.60000 0004 1937 0626Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm & Stockholm Health Care Services, Region Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sophie Imbeault
- grid.4714.60000 0004 1937 0626Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Markus K. Larsson
- grid.4714.60000 0004 1937 0626Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Alfredo Oliveros
- grid.66875.3a0000 0004 0459 167XDepartment of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN USA
| | - Ida A. K. Nilsson
- grid.4714.60000 0004 1937 0626Translational Psychiatry, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden ,grid.24381.3c0000 0000 9241 5705Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Simone Codeluppi
- grid.4714.60000 0004 1937 0626Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Funda Orhan
- grid.4714.60000 0004 1937 0626Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Maria Bhat
- grid.418151.80000 0001 1519 6403Research and Development, Innovative Medicines, Personalised Healthcare and Biomarkers, Translational Science Centre, Science for Life Laboratory, AstraZeneca, Solna, Sweden ,grid.4714.60000 0004 1937 0626Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Maximilian Tufvesson-Alm
- grid.4714.60000 0004 1937 0626Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jessica Gracias
- grid.4714.60000 0004 1937 0626Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Magdalena E. Kegel
- grid.4714.60000 0004 1937 0626Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Yiran Zheng
- grid.4714.60000 0004 1937 0626Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anthi Faka
- grid.4714.60000 0004 1937 0626Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Marie Svedberg
- grid.4714.60000 0004 1937 0626Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Susan B. Powell
- grid.266100.30000 0001 2107 4242Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA USA
| | - Sorana Caldwell
- grid.266100.30000 0001 2107 4242Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA USA
| | - Mary E. Kamenski
- grid.266100.30000 0001 2107 4242Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA USA
| | - Marquis P. Vawter
- grid.266093.80000 0001 0668 7243Functional Genomics Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of California Irvine School of Medicine, Irvine, CA USA
| | - Anton Schulmann
- grid.416868.50000 0004 0464 0574Human Genetics Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD USA
| | - Michel Goiny
- grid.4714.60000 0004 1937 0626Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Camilla I. Svensson
- grid.4714.60000 0004 1937 0626Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tomas Hökfelt
- grid.4714.60000 0004 1937 0626Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Martin Schalling
- grid.4714.60000 0004 1937 0626Translational Psychiatry, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden ,grid.24381.3c0000 0000 9241 5705Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lilly Schwieler
- grid.4714.60000 0004 1937 0626Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Simon Cervenka
- grid.4714.60000 0004 1937 0626Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm & Stockholm Health Care Services, Region Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Doo-Sup Choi
- grid.66875.3a0000 0004 0459 167XDepartment of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN USA ,grid.66875.3a0000 0004 0459 167XDepartment of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN USA
| | - Mikael Landén
- grid.8761.80000 0000 9919 9582Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden ,grid.4714.60000 0004 1937 0626Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Göran Engberg
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Sophie Erhardt
- grid.4714.60000 0004 1937 0626Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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5
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Lin C, Calzarossa C, Fernandez-Zafra T, Liu J, Li X, Ekblad-Nordberg Å, Vazquez-Juarez E, Codeluppi S, Holmberg L, Lindskog M, Uhlén P, Åkesson E. Correction to: Human ex vivo spinal cord slice culture as a useful model of neural development, lesion, and allogeneic neural cell therapy. Stem Cell Res Ther 2020; 11:369. [PMID: 32854777 PMCID: PMC7450545 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-020-01893-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Chenhong Lin
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Div. of Neurogeriatrics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Cinzia Calzarossa
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Div. of Neurogeriatrics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Neurology and Laboratory of Neuroscience, Università degli Studi diMilan, Milan, Italy
| | - Teresa Fernandez-Zafra
- Division of Molecular Neurobiology, Departmentof Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jia Liu
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Div. of Neurogeriatrics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Neurology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaofei Li
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Div. of Neurogeriatrics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Åsa Ekblad-Nordberg
- Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Div. of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Erika Vazquez-Juarez
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Div. of Neurogeriatrics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Simone Codeluppi
- Division of Molecular Neurobiology, Departmentof Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lena Holmberg
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Div. of Neurogeriatrics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Maria Lindskog
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Div. of Neurogeriatrics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Per Uhlén
- Division of Molecular Neurobiology, Departmentof Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Elisabet Åkesson
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Div. of Neurogeriatrics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden. .,The R&D Unit, Stockholms Sjukhem, Stockholm, Sweden.
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6
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Lin C, Calzarossa C, Fernandez-Zafra T, Liu J, Li X, Ekblad-Nordberg Å, Vazquez-Juarez E, Codeluppi S, Holmberg L, Lindskog M, Uhlén P, Åkesson E. Human ex vivo spinal cord slice culture as a useful model of neural development, lesion, and allogeneic neural cell therapy. Stem Cell Res Ther 2020; 11:320. [PMID: 32727554 PMCID: PMC7390865 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-020-01771-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background There are multiple promising treatment strategies for central nervous system trauma and disease. However, to develop clinically potent and safe treatments, models of human-specific conditions are needed to complement in vitro and in vivo animal model-based studies. Methods We established human brain stem and spinal cord (cross- and longitudinal sections) organotypic cultures (hOCs) from first trimester tissues after informed consent by donor and ethical approval by the Regional Human Ethics Committee, Stockholm (lately referred to as Swedish Ethical Review Authority), and The National Board of Health and Welfare, Sweden. We evaluated the stability of hOCs with a semi-quantitative hOC score, immunohistochemistry, flow cytometry, Ca2+ signaling, and electrophysiological analysis. We also applied experimental allogeneic human neural cell therapy after injury in the ex vivo spinal cord slices. Results The spinal cord hOCs presented relatively stable features during 7–21 days in vitro (DIV) (except a slightly increased cell proliferation and activated glial response). After contusion injury performed at 7 DIV, a significant reduction of the hOC score, increase of the activated caspase-3+ cell population, and activated microglial populations at 14 days postinjury compared to sham controls were observed. Such elevation in the activated caspase-3+ population and activated microglial population was not observed after allogeneic human neural cell therapy. Conclusions We conclude that human spinal cord slice cultures have potential for future structural and functional studies of human spinal cord development, injury, and treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenhong Lin
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Div. of Neurogeriatrics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Cinzia Calzarossa
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Div. of Neurogeriatrics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Neurology and Laboratory of Neuroscience, Università degli Studi diMilan, Milan, Italy
| | - Teresa Fernandez-Zafra
- Division of Molecular Neurobiology, Departmentof Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jia Liu
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Div. of Neurogeriatrics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Neurology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaofei Li
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Div. of Neurogeriatrics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Åsa Ekblad-Nordberg
- Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Div. of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Erika Vazquez-Juarez
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Div. of Neurogeriatrics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Simone Codeluppi
- Division of Molecular Neurobiology, Departmentof Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lena Holmberg
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Div. of Neurogeriatrics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Maria Lindskog
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Div. of Neurogeriatrics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Per Uhlén
- Division of Molecular Neurobiology, Departmentof Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Elisabet Åkesson
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Div. of Neurogeriatrics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden. .,The R&D Unit, Stockholms Sjukhem, Stockholm, Sweden.
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7
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Wang Y, Wu H, Fontanet P, Codeluppi S, Akkuratova N, Petitpré C, Xue-Franzén Y, Niederreither K, Sharma A, Da Silva F, Comai G, Agirman G, Palumberi D, Linnarsson S, Adameyko I, Moqrich A, Schedl A, La Manno G, Hadjab S, Lallemend F. A cell fitness selection model for neuronal survival during development. Nat Commun 2019; 10:4137. [PMID: 31515492 PMCID: PMC6742664 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-12119-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Developmental cell death plays an important role in the construction of functional neural circuits. In vertebrates, the canonical view proposes a selection of the surviving neurons through stochastic competition for target-derived neurotrophic signals, implying an equal potential for neurons to compete. Here we show an alternative cell fitness selection of neurons that is defined by a specific neuronal heterogeneity code. Proprioceptive sensory neurons that will undergo cell death and those that will survive exhibit different molecular signatures that are regulated by retinoic acid and transcription factors, and are independent of the target and neurotrophins. These molecular features are genetically encoded, representing two distinct subgroups of neurons with contrasted functional maturation states and survival outcome. Thus, in this model, a heterogeneous code of intrinsic cell fitness in neighboring neurons provides differential competitive advantage resulting in the selection of cells with higher capacity to survive and functionally integrate into neural networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiqiao Wang
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, 17177, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Haohao Wu
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, 17177, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Paula Fontanet
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, 17177, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Simone Codeluppi
- Unit of Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, 17177, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Natalia Akkuratova
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, 17165, Sweden
| | - Charles Petitpré
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, 17177, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Karen Niederreither
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), CNRS UMR7104, Inserm U964, Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Anil Sharma
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, 17177, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Fabio Da Silva
- Université Côte d'Azur, Inserm, CNRS, iBV, 06108, Nice, France
| | - Glenda Comai
- Stem Cells & Development - Institut Pasteur - CNRS UMR3738, 75015, Paris, France
| | - Gulistan Agirman
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, 17177, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Domenico Palumberi
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, 17177, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sten Linnarsson
- Unit of Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, 17177, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Igor Adameyko
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, 17165, Sweden
- Center for Brain Research, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Aziz Moqrich
- Aix-Marseille-Université, CNRS, Institut de Biologie du Développement de Marseille (IBDM), UMR 7288, 13288, Marseille, France
| | - Andreas Schedl
- Université Côte d'Azur, Inserm, CNRS, iBV, 06108, Nice, France
| | - Gioele La Manno
- Brain Mind Institute, School of Life Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Saida Hadjab
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, 17177, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - François Lallemend
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, 17177, Stockholm, Sweden.
- Ming Wai Lau Centre for Reparative Medicine, Stockholm node, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
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8
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Bersellini Farinotti A, Wigerblad G, Nascimento D, Bas DB, Morado Urbina C, Nandakumar KS, Sandor K, Xu B, Abdelmoaty S, Hunt MA, Ängeby Möller K, Baharpoor A, Sinclair J, Jardemark K, Lanner JT, Khmaladze I, Borm LE, Zhang L, Wermeling F, Cragg MS, Lengqvist J, Chabot-Doré AJ, Diatchenko L, Belfer I, Collin M, Kultima K, Heyman B, Jimenez-Andrade JM, Codeluppi S, Holmdahl R, Svensson CI. Cartilage-binding antibodies induce pain through immune complex-mediated activation of neurons. J Exp Med 2019; 216:1904-1924. [PMID: 31196979 PMCID: PMC6683987 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20181657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Revised: 01/20/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis-associated joint pain is frequently observed independent of disease activity, suggesting unidentified pain mechanisms. We demonstrate that antibodies binding to cartilage, specific for collagen type II (CII) or cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP), elicit mechanical hypersensitivity in mice, uncoupled from visual, histological and molecular indications of inflammation. Cartilage antibody-induced pain-like behavior does not depend on complement activation or joint inflammation, but instead on tissue antigen recognition and local immune complex (IC) formation. smFISH and IHC suggest that neuronal Fcgr1 and Fcgr2b mRNA are transported to peripheral ends of primary afferents. CII-ICs directly activate cultured WT but not FcRγ chain-deficient DRG neurons. In line with this observation, CII-IC does not induce mechanical hypersensitivity in FcRγ chain-deficient mice. Furthermore, injection of CII antibodies does not generate pain-like behavior in FcRγ chain-deficient mice or mice lacking activating FcγRs in neurons. In summary, this study defines functional coupling between autoantibodies and pain transmission that may facilitate the development of new disease-relevant pain therapeutics.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/immunology
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/therapeutic use
- Antigen-Antibody Complex/metabolism
- Arthralgia/drug therapy
- Arthralgia/immunology
- Arthritis, Rheumatoid/drug therapy
- Arthritis, Rheumatoid/immunology
- Autoantibodies/immunology
- Autoantibodies/therapeutic use
- Behavior, Animal/drug effects
- Cartilage/immunology
- Cartilage Oligomeric Matrix Protein/immunology
- Collagen Type II/immunology
- Disease Models, Animal
- Female
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Inbred CBA
- Mice, Transgenic
- Neurons/metabolism
- Receptors, IgG/deficiency
- Receptors, IgG/genetics
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gustaf Wigerblad
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Diana Nascimento
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Duygu B Bas
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Carlos Morado Urbina
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kutty Selva Nandakumar
- Section for Medical Inflammation Research, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Katalin Sandor
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Bingze Xu
- Section for Medical Inflammation Research, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sally Abdelmoaty
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Matthew A Hunt
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Azar Baharpoor
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jon Sinclair
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kent Jardemark
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Johanna T Lanner
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ia Khmaladze
- Section for Medical Inflammation Research, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lars E Borm
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lu Zhang
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Fredrik Wermeling
- Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mark S Cragg
- Centre for Cancer Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, UK
| | - Johan Lengqvist
- Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Luda Diatchenko
- Alan Edwards Centre for Research on Pain, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Inna Belfer
- Office of Research on Women's Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Mattias Collin
- Division of Infection Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Kim Kultima
- Department of Medical Science, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Birgitta Heyman
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Juan Miguel Jimenez-Andrade
- Department of Unidad Academica Multidisciplinaria Reynosa Aztlan, Universidad Autonoma de Tamaulipas, Reynosa, Tamaulipas, Mexico
| | - Simone Codeluppi
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Rikard Holmdahl
- Section for Medical Inflammation Research, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Camilla I Svensson
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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9
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Ibarra C, Karlsson M, Codeluppi S, Varas-Godoy M, Zhang S, Louhivuori L, Mangsbo S, Hosseini A, Soltani N, Kaba R, Kalle Lundgren T, Hosseini A, Tanaka N, Oya M, Wiklund P, Miyakawa A, Uhlén P. BCG-induced cytokine release in bladder cancer cells is regulated by Ca 2+ signaling. Mol Oncol 2018; 13:202-211. [PMID: 30358081 PMCID: PMC6360358 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.12397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Revised: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 10/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) is widely used in the clinic to effectively treat superficial urinary bladder cancer. However, a significant proportion of patients who fail to respond to BCG risk cystectomy or death. Though more than 3 million cancer treatments with BCG occur annually, surprisingly little is known about the initial signaling cascades activated by BCG. Here, we report that BCG induces a rapid intracellular Ca2+ (calcium ion) signal in bladder cancer cells that is essential for activating the transcription factor nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) and for synthesizing and secreting proinflammatory cytokines, including interleukin 8 (IL-8). A similar Ca2+ response was observed when cells were exposed to the supernatant of BCG. Studying cellular molecular mechanisms involved in the BCG signaling event, we found pivotal roles for phospholipase C and the Toll-like receptor 4. Further assessment revealed that this signaling pathway induces synthesis of IL-8, whereas exocytosis appeared to be controlled by global Ca2+ signaling. These results shed new light on the molecular mechanisms underlying BCG treatment of bladder cancer, which can help in improving therapeutic efficacy and reducing adverse side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristián Ibarra
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Marie Karlsson
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Simone Codeluppi
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Manuel Varas-Godoy
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Centro de Investigacion Biomedica, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile
| | - Songbai Zhang
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lauri Louhivuori
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sara Mangsbo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Sweden
| | - Arad Hosseini
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Navid Soltani
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Rahim Kaba
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - T Kalle Lundgren
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Abolfazl Hosseini
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Nobuyuki Tanaka
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Urology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mototsugu Oya
- Department of Urology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Peter Wiklund
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ayako Miyakawa
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Per Uhlén
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Keio University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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10
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Zeisel A, Hochgerner H, Lönnerberg P, Johnsson A, Memic F, van der Zwan J, Häring M, Braun E, Borm LE, La Manno G, Codeluppi S, Furlan A, Lee K, Skene N, Harris KD, Hjerling-Leffler J, Arenas E, Ernfors P, Marklund U, Linnarsson S. Molecular Architecture of the Mouse Nervous System. Cell 2018; 174:999-1014.e22. [PMID: 30096314 PMCID: PMC6086934 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2018.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1438] [Impact Index Per Article: 239.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2018] [Revised: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 06/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The mammalian nervous system executes complex behaviors controlled by specialized, precisely positioned, and interacting cell types. Here, we used RNA sequencing of half a million single cells to create a detailed census of cell types in the mouse nervous system. We mapped cell types spatially and derived a hierarchical, data-driven taxonomy. Neurons were the most diverse and were grouped by developmental anatomical units and by the expression of neurotransmitters and neuropeptides. Neuronal diversity was driven by genes encoding cell identity, synaptic connectivity, neurotransmission, and membrane conductance. We discovered seven distinct, regionally restricted astrocyte types that obeyed developmental boundaries and correlated with the spatial distribution of key glutamate and glycine neurotransmitters. In contrast, oligodendrocytes showed a loss of regional identity followed by a secondary diversification. The resource presented here lays a solid foundation for understanding the molecular architecture of the mammalian nervous system and enables genetic manipulation of specific cell types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Zeisel
- Division of Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, S-17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hannah Hochgerner
- Division of Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, S-17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Peter Lönnerberg
- Division of Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, S-17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anna Johnsson
- Division of Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, S-17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Fatima Memic
- Division of Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, S-17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Job van der Zwan
- Division of Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, S-17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Martin Häring
- Division of Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, S-17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Emelie Braun
- Division of Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, S-17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lars E Borm
- Division of Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, S-17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Gioele La Manno
- Division of Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, S-17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Simone Codeluppi
- Division of Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, S-17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Alessandro Furlan
- Division of Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, S-17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kawai Lee
- Division of Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, S-17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Nathan Skene
- Division of Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, S-17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Jens Hjerling-Leffler
- Division of Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, S-17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ernest Arenas
- Division of Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, S-17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Patrik Ernfors
- Division of Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, S-17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ulrika Marklund
- Division of Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, S-17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sten Linnarsson
- Division of Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, S-17177 Stockholm, Sweden.
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11
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Fernandez-Zafra T, Codeluppi S, Uhlén P. An ex vivo spinal cord injury model to study ependymal cells in adult mouse tissue. Exp Cell Res 2017; 357:236-242. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2017.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2017] [Revised: 05/31/2017] [Accepted: 06/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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12
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La Manno G, Gyllborg D, Codeluppi S, Nishimura K, Salto C, Zeisel A, Borm LE, Stott SRW, Toledo EM, Villaescusa JC, Lönnerberg P, Ryge J, Barker RA, Arenas E, Linnarsson S. Molecular Diversity of Midbrain Development in Mouse, Human, and Stem Cells. Cell 2017; 167:566-580.e19. [PMID: 27716510 PMCID: PMC5055122 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2016.09.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 490] [Impact Index Per Article: 70.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2015] [Revised: 07/14/2016] [Accepted: 09/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Understanding human embryonic ventral midbrain is of major interest for Parkinson's disease. However, the cell types, their gene expression dynamics, and their relationship to commonly used rodent models remain to be defined. We performed single-cell RNA sequencing to examine ventral midbrain development in human and mouse. We found 25 molecularly defined human cell types, including five subtypes of radial glia-like cells and four progenitors. In the mouse, two mature fetal dopaminergic neuron subtypes diversified into five adult classes during postnatal development. Cell types and gene expression were generally conserved across species, but with clear differences in cell proliferation, developmental timing, and dopaminergic neuron development. Additionally, we developed a method to quantitatively assess the fidelity of dopaminergic neurons derived from human pluripotent stem cells, at a single-cell level. Thus, our study provides insight into the molecular programs controlling human midbrain development and provides a foundation for the development of cell replacement therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gioele La Manno
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden; Science for Life Laboratory, 17121 Solna, Sweden
| | - Daniel Gyllborg
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Simone Codeluppi
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden; Science for Life Laboratory, 17121 Solna, Sweden; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kaneyasu Nishimura
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Carmen Salto
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Amit Zeisel
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden; Science for Life Laboratory, 17121 Solna, Sweden
| | - Lars E Borm
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden; Science for Life Laboratory, 17121 Solna, Sweden
| | - Simon R W Stott
- John van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0PY, UK
| | - Enrique M Toledo
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - J Carlos Villaescusa
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden; Psychiatric Stem Cell Group, Neurogenetics Unit, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Peter Lönnerberg
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden; Science for Life Laboratory, 17121 Solna, Sweden
| | - Jesper Ryge
- Laboratory of Neural Microcircuitry, Brain Mind Institute, Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Roger A Barker
- John van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0PY, UK
| | - Ernest Arenas
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Sten Linnarsson
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden; Science for Life Laboratory, 17121 Solna, Sweden.
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13
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Petropoulos S, Edsgärd D, Reinius B, Deng Q, Panula SP, Codeluppi S, Reyes AP, Linnarsson S, Sandberg R, Lanner F. Single-Cell RNA-Seq Reveals Lineage and X Chromosome Dynamics in Human Preimplantation Embryos. Cell 2016; 167:285. [PMID: 27662094 PMCID: PMC5628172 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2016.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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14
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Marques S, Zeisel A, Codeluppi S, van Bruggen D, Mendanha Falcão A, Xiao L, Li H, Häring M, Hochgerner H, Romanov RA, Gyllborg D, Muñoz Manchado A, La Manno G, Lönnerberg P, Floriddia EM, Rezayee F, Ernfors P, Arenas E, Hjerling-Leffler J, Harkany T, Richardson WD, Linnarsson S, Castelo-Branco G. Oligodendrocyte heterogeneity in the mouse juvenile and adult central nervous system. Science 2016; 352:1326-1329. [PMID: 27284195 DOI: 10.1126/science.aaf6463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 627] [Impact Index Per Article: 78.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2016] [Accepted: 05/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Oligodendrocytes have been considered as a functionally homogeneous population in the central nervous system (CNS). We performed single-cell RNA sequencing on 5072 cells of the oligodendrocyte lineage from 10 regions of the mouse juvenile and adult CNS. Thirteen distinct populations were identified, 12 of which represent a continuum from Pdgfra(+) oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) to distinct mature oligodendrocytes. Initial stages of differentiation were similar across the juvenile CNS, whereas subsets of mature oligodendrocytes were enriched in specific regions in the adult brain. Newly formed oligodendrocytes were detected in the adult CNS and were responsive to complex motor learning. A second Pdgfra(+) population, distinct from OPCs, was found along vessels. Our study reveals the dynamics of oligodendrocyte differentiation and maturation, uncoupling them at a transcriptional level and highlighting oligodendrocyte heterogeneity in the CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sueli Marques
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Department Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, SE-17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Amit Zeisel
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Department Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, SE-17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Simone Codeluppi
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Department Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, SE-17177 Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet SE-17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - David van Bruggen
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Department Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, SE-17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ana Mendanha Falcão
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Department Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, SE-17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lin Xiao
- Wolfson Institute for Biomedical Research, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom.,Institute of Neuroscience, Second Military Medical University, 800 Xiangyin Road, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Huiliang Li
- Wolfson Institute for Biomedical Research, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - Martin Häring
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Department Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, SE-17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hannah Hochgerner
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Department Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, SE-17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Roman A Romanov
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Department Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, SE-17177 Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Molecular Neurosciences, Center for Brain Research, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Daniel Gyllborg
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Department Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, SE-17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ana Muñoz Manchado
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Department Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, SE-17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Gioele La Manno
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Department Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, SE-17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Peter Lönnerberg
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Department Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, SE-17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Elisa M Floriddia
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Department Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, SE-17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Fatemah Rezayee
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Department Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, SE-17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Patrik Ernfors
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Department Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, SE-17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ernest Arenas
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Department Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, SE-17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jens Hjerling-Leffler
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Department Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, SE-17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tibor Harkany
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Department Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, SE-17177 Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Molecular Neurosciences, Center for Brain Research, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - William D Richardson
- Wolfson Institute for Biomedical Research, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - Sten Linnarsson
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Department Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, SE-17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Gonçalo Castelo-Branco
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Department Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, SE-17177 Stockholm, Sweden
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15
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Ståhl PL, Salmén F, Vickovic S, Lundmark A, Navarro JF, Magnusson J, Giacomello S, Asp M, Westholm JO, Huss M, Mollbrink A, Linnarsson S, Codeluppi S, Borg Å, Pontén F, Costea PI, Sahlén P, Mulder J, Bergmann O, Lundeberg J, Frisén J. Visualization and analysis of gene expression in tissue sections by spatial transcriptomics. Science 2016; 353:78-82. [DOI: 10.1126/science.aaf2403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1166] [Impact Index Per Article: 145.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2016] [Accepted: 05/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Analysis of the pattern of proteins or messengerRNAs (mRNAs) in histological tissue sections is a cornerstone in biomedical research and diagnostics. This typically involves the visualization of a few proteins or expressed genes at a time. We have devised a strategy, which we call “spatial transcriptomics,” that allows visualization and quantitative analysis of the transcriptome with spatial resolution in individual tissue sections. By positioning histological sections on arrayed reverse transcription primers with unique positional barcodes, we demonstrate high-quality RNA-sequencing data with maintained two-dimensional positional information from the mouse brain and human breast cancer. Spatial transcriptomics provides quantitative gene expression data and visualization of the distribution of mRNAs within tissue sections and enables novel types of bioinformatics analyses, valuable in research and diagnostics.
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16
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Zeisel A, Muñoz-Manchado AB, Codeluppi S, Lönnerberg P, La Manno G, Juréus A, Marques S, Munguba H, He L, Betsholtz C, Rolny C, Castelo-Branco G, Hjerling-Leffler J, Linnarsson S. Brain structure. Cell types in the mouse cortex and hippocampus revealed by single-cell RNA-seq. Science 2015; 347:1138-42. [PMID: 25700174 DOI: 10.1126/science.aaa1934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2038] [Impact Index Per Article: 226.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The mammalian cerebral cortex supports cognitive functions such as sensorimotor integration, memory, and social behaviors. Normal brain function relies on a diverse set of differentiated cell types, including neurons, glia, and vasculature. Here, we have used large-scale single-cell RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) to classify cells in the mouse somatosensory cortex and hippocampal CA1 region. We found 47 molecularly distinct subclasses, comprising all known major cell types in the cortex. We identified numerous marker genes, which allowed alignment with known cell types, morphology, and location. We found a layer I interneuron expressing Pax6 and a distinct postmitotic oligodendrocyte subclass marked by Itpr2. Across the diversity of cortical cell types, transcription factors formed a complex, layered regulatory code, suggesting a mechanism for the maintenance of adult cell type identity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Zeisel
- Division of Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, S-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ana B Muñoz-Manchado
- Division of Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, S-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Simone Codeluppi
- Division of Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, S-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Peter Lönnerberg
- Division of Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, S-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Gioele La Manno
- Division of Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, S-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anna Juréus
- Division of Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, S-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sueli Marques
- Division of Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, S-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hermany Munguba
- Division of Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, S-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Liqun He
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Dag Hammarskjölds väg 20, S-751 85 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Christer Betsholtz
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Dag Hammarskjölds väg 20, S-751 85 Uppsala, Sweden. Division of Vascular Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, S-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Charlotte Rolny
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, S-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Gonçalo Castelo-Branco
- Division of Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, S-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jens Hjerling-Leffler
- Division of Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, S-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Sten Linnarsson
- Division of Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, S-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden.
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17
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Bas DB, Abdelmoaty S, Sandor K, Codeluppi S, Fitzsimmons B, Steinauer J, Hua XY, Yaksh TL, Svensson CI. Spinal release of tumour necrosis factor activates c-Jun N-terminal kinase and mediates inflammation-induced hypersensitivity. Eur J Pain 2014; 19:260-70. [PMID: 24942612 PMCID: PMC4270961 DOI: 10.1002/ejp.544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Background Mounting evidence points to individual contributions of tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF) and the c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) pathway to the induction and maintenance of various pain states. Here we explore the role of spinal TNF and JNK in carrageenan-induced hypersensitivity. As links between TNF and JNK have been demonstrated in vitro, we investigated if TNF regulates spinal JNK activity in vivo. Methods TNF levels in lumbar cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, spinal TNF gene expression by real-time polymerase chain reaction and TNF protein expression, JNK and c-Jun phosphorylation by western blotting. The role of spinal TNF and JNK in inflammation-induced mechanical and thermal hypersensitivity was assessed by injecting the TNF inhibitor etanercept and the JNK inhibitors SP600125 and JIP-1 intrathecally (i.t.). TNF-mediated regulation of JNK activity was examined by assessing the effect of i.t. etanercept on inflammation-induced spinal JNK activity. Results TNF levels were increased in CSF and spinal cord following carrageenan-induced inflammation. While JNK phosphorylation followed the same temporal pattern as TNF, c-jun was only activated at later time points. Intrathecal injection of TNF and JNK inhibitors attenuated carrageenan-induced mechanical and thermal hypersensitivity. TNF stimulation induced JNK phosphorylation in cultured spinal astrocytes and blocking the spinal actions of TNF in vivo by i.t. injection of etanercept reduced inflammation-induced spinal JNK activity. Conclusions Here we show that spinal JNK activity is dependent on TNF and that both TNF and the JNK signalling pathways modulate pain-like behaviour induced by peripheral inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- D B Bas
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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18
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Abrams MB, Nilsson I, Kjell J, Lewandowski S, Codeluppi S, Eriksson U, Olson L. Response to the report, "A re-assessment of treatment with a tyrosine kinase inhibitor (imatinib) on tissue sparing and functional recovery after spinal cord injury" by Sharp et al. Exp Neurol 2014; 257:182-5. [PMID: 24825370 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2014.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2014] [Revised: 04/24/2014] [Accepted: 04/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mathew B Abrams
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ingrid Nilsson
- Department of Medical Biochemisty and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jacob Kjell
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sebastian Lewandowski
- Department of Medical Biochemisty and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Simone Codeluppi
- Department of Medical Biochemisty and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ulf Eriksson
- Department of Medical Biochemisty and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lars Olson
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden.
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19
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Kjell J, Codeluppi S, Josephson A, Abrams MB. Spatial and cellular characterization of mTORC1 activation after spinal cord injury reveals biphasic increase mainly attributed to microglia/macrophages. Brain Pathol 2014; 24:557-67. [PMID: 24576152 PMCID: PMC4347463 DOI: 10.1111/bpa.12135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2013] [Accepted: 02/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) is an intracellular kinase complex that regulates energy homeostasis and transcription. Modulation of mTORC1 has proven beneficial in experimental spinal cord injury, making this molecular target a candidate for therapeutic intervention in spinal cord injury. However, both inactivation and activation of mTORC1 have been reported beneficial for recovery. To obtain a more complete picture of mTORC1 activity, we aimed to characterize the spatiotemporal activation pattern of mTORC1 and identify activation in particular cell types after contusion spinal cord injury in rats. To be able to provide a spatial characterization of mTORC1 activation, we monitored activation of downstream target S6. We found robust mTORC1 activation both at the site of injury and in spinal segments rostral and caudal to the injury. There was constitutive mTORC1 activation in neurons that was biphasically reduced caudally after injury. We found biphasic mTORC1 activation in glial cells, primarily activated microglia/macrophages. Furthermore, we found mTORC1 activation in proliferating cells, suggesting this may be a function affected by mTORC1 modulation. Our results reveal potential windows of opportunity for therapeutic interference with mTORC1 signaling and immune cells as targets for inhibition of mTORC1 in spinal cord injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob Kjell
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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20
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Codeluppi S, Fernandez-Zafra T, Sandor K, Kjell J, Liu Q, Abrams M, Olson L, Gray NS, Svensson CI, Uhlén P. Interleukin-6 secretion by astrocytes is dynamically regulated by PI3K-mTOR-calcium signaling. PLoS One 2014; 9:e92649. [PMID: 24667246 PMCID: PMC3965459 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0092649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2013] [Accepted: 02/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
After contusion spinal cord injury (SCI), astrocytes become reactive and form a glial scar. While this reduces spreading of the damage by containing the area of injury, it inhibits regeneration. One strategy to improve the recovery after SCI is therefore to reduce the inhibitory effect of the scar, once the acute phase of the injury has passed. The pleiotropic cytokine interleukin-6 (IL-6) is secreted immediately after injury and regulates scar formation; however, little is known about the role of IL-6 in the sub-acute phases of SCI. Interestingly, IL-6 also promotes axon regeneration, and therefore its induction in reactive astrocytes may improve regeneration after SCI. We found that IL-6 is expressed by astrocytes and neurons one week post-injury and then declines. Using primary cultures of rat astrocytes we delineated the molecular mechanisms that regulate IL-6 expression and secretion. IL-6 expression requires activation of p38 and depends on NF-κB transcriptional activity. Activation of these pathways in astrocytes occurs when the PI3K-mTOR-AKT pathway is inhibited. Furthermore, we found that an increase in cytosolic calcium concentration was necessary for IL-6 secretion. To induce IL-6 secretion in astrocytes, we used torin2 and rapamycin to block the PI3K-mTOR pathway and increase cytosolic calcium, respectively. Treating injured animals with torin2 and rapamycin for two weeks, starting two weeks after injury when the scar has been formed, lead to a modest effect on mechanical hypersensitivity, limited to the period of treatment. These data, taken together, suggest that treatment with torin2 and rapamycin induces IL-6 secretion by astrocytes and may contribute to the reduction of mechanical hypersensitivity after SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Codeluppi
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- * E-mail:
| | - Teresa Fernandez-Zafra
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Katalin Sandor
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jacob Kjell
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Qingsong Liu
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Mathew Abrams
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lars Olson
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Nathanael S. Gray
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Camilla I. Svensson
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Per Uhlén
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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21
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Abdelmoaty S, Wigerblad G, Bas DB, Codeluppi S, Fernandez-Zafra T, El-Awady ES, Moustafa Y, Abdelhamid AEDS, Brodin E, Svensson CI. Spinal actions of lipoxin A4 and 17(R)-resolvin D1 attenuate inflammation-induced mechanical hypersensitivity and spinal TNF release. PLoS One 2013; 8:e75543. [PMID: 24086560 PMCID: PMC3782447 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0075543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2013] [Accepted: 08/18/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipoxins and resolvins have anti-inflammatory and pro-resolving actions and accumulating evidence indicates that these lipid mediators also attenuate pain-like behavior in a number of experimental models of inflammation and tissue injury-induced pain. The present study was undertaken to assess if spinal administration of lipoxin A4 (LXA4) or 17 (R)-resolvin D1 (17(R)-RvD1) attenuates mechanical hypersensitivity in the carrageenan model of peripheral inflammation in the rat. Given the emerging role of spinal cytokines in the generation and maintenance of inflammatory pain we measured cytokine levels in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) after LXA4 or 17(R)-RvD1 administration, and the ability of these lipid metabolites to prevent stimuli-induced release of cytokines from cultured primary spinal astrocytes. We found that intrathecal bolus injection of LXA4 and17(R)-RvD1 attenuated inflammation-induced mechanical hypersensitivity without reducing the local inflammation. Furthermore, both LXA4 and 17(R)-RvD1 reduced carrageenan-induced tumor necrosis factor (TNF) release in the CSF, while only 17(R)-RvD1attenuated LPS and IFN-γ-induced TNF release in astrocyte cell culture. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that lipoxins and resolvins potently suppress inflammation-induced mechanical hypersensitivity, possibly by attenuating cytokine release from spinal astrocytes. The inhibitory effect of lipoxins and resolvins on spinal nociceptive processing puts them in an intriguing position in the search for novel pain therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sally Abdelmoaty
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Gustaf Wigerblad
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Duygu B. Bas
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Simone Codeluppi
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Teresa Fernandez-Zafra
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - El-Sayed El-Awady
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Yasser Moustafa
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | | | - Ernst Brodin
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Camilla I. Svensson
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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22
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Bas DB, Su J, Sandor K, Agalave NM, Lundberg J, Codeluppi S, Baharpoor A, Nandakumar KS, Holmdahl R, Svensson CI. Collagen antibody-induced arthritis evokes persistent pain with spinal glial involvement and transient prostaglandin dependency. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 64:3886-96. [DOI: 10.1002/art.37686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2012] [Accepted: 08/23/2012] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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23
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Norsted Gregory E, Delaney A, Abdelmoaty S, Bas DB, Codeluppi S, Wigerblad G, Svensson CI. Pentoxifylline and propentofylline prevent proliferation and activation of the mammalian target of rapamycin and mitogen activated protein kinase in cultured spinal astrocytes. J Neurosci Res 2012. [PMID: 23184810 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.23144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Astrocyte activation is an important feature in many disorders of the central nervous system, including chronic pain conditions. Activation of astrocytes is characterized by a change in morphology, including hypertrophy and increased size of processes, proliferation, and an increased production of proinflammatory mediators. The xanthine derivatives pentoxifylline and propentofylline are commonly used experimentally as glial inhibitors. These compounds are generally believed to attenuate glial activity by raising cyclic AMP (cAMP) levels and inhibiting glial tumor necrosis factor (TNF) production. In the present study, we show that these substances inhibit TNF and serum-induced astrocyte proliferation and signaling through the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway, demonstrated by decreased levels of phosphorylated S6 kinase (S6K), commonly used as a marker of mTOR complex (mTORC) activation. Furthermore, we show that pentoxifylline and propentofylline also inhibit JNK and p38, but not ERK, activation induced by TNF. In addition, the JNK antagonist SP600125, but not the p38 inhibitor SB203580, prevents TNF-induced activation of S6 kinase, suggesting that pentoxifylline and propentofylline may regulate mTORC activity in spinal astrocytes partially through inhibition of the JNK pathway. Our results suggest that pentoxifylline and propentofylline inhibit astrocyte activity in a broad fashion by attenuating flux through specific pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebba Norsted Gregory
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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24
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Abrams MB, Nilsson I, Lewandowski SA, Kjell J, Codeluppi S, Olson L, Eriksson U. Imatinib enhances functional outcome after spinal cord injury. PLoS One 2012; 7:e38760. [PMID: 22723886 PMCID: PMC3378614 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0038760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2012] [Accepted: 05/12/2012] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
We investigated whether imatinib (Gleevec®, Novartis), a tyrosine kinase inhibitor, could improve functional outcome in experimental spinal cord injury. Rats subjected to contusion spinal cord injury were treated orally with imatinib for 5 days beginning 30 minutes after injury. We found that imatinib significantly enhanced blood-spinal cord-barrier integrity, hindlimb locomotor function, sensorimotor integration, and bladder function, as well as attenuated astrogliosis and deposition of chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans, and increased tissue preservation. These improvements were associated with enhanced vascular integrity and reduced inflammation. Our results show that imatinib improves recovery in spinal cord injury by preserving axons and other spinal cord tissue components. The rapid time course of these beneficial effects suggests that the effects of imatinib are neuroprotective rather than neurorestorative. The positive effects on experimental spinal cord injury, obtained by oral delivery of a clinically used drug, makes imatinib an interesting candidate drug for clinical trials in spinal cord injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathew B Abrams
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
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25
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Sandor K, Bas D, Petterson J, Gregory J, Christianson C, Codeluppi S, Holmdahl R, Nandakumar K, Svensson C. Collagen antibody-induced arthritis (CAIA) evokes transient inflammation but persistent allodynia. Ann Rheum Dis 2011. [DOI: 10.1136/ard.2010.149021.20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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26
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Codeluppi S, Gregory EN, Kjell J, Wigerblad G, Olson L, Svensson CI. Influence of rat substrain and growth conditions on the characteristics of primary cultures of adult rat spinal cord astrocytes. J Neurosci Methods 2011; 197:118-27. [PMID: 21345349 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2011.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2010] [Revised: 02/13/2011] [Accepted: 02/15/2011] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Primary astrocyte cell cultures have become a valuable tool for studies of signaling pathways that regulate astrocyte physiology, reactivity, and function; however, differences in culture preparation affect data reproducibility. The aim of this work was to define optimal conditions for obtaining primary astrocytes from adult rat spinal cord with an expression profile most similar to adult human spinal cord astrocytes. Hence, we examined whether different Sprague-Dawley substrains and culture conditions affect astrocyte culture quality. Medium supplemented with fetal bovine serum from three sources (Sigma, Gibco, Hyclone) or a medium with defined composition (AM medium) was used to culture astrocytes isolated from spinal cords of adult Harlan and Charles River Spraque-Dawley rats. Purity was significantly different between cultures established in media with different sera. No microglia were detected in AM or Hyclone cultures. Gene expression was also affected, with AM cultures expressing the highest level of glutamine synthetase, connexin-43, and glutamate transporter-1. Interestingly, cell response to starvation was substrain dependent. Charles River-derived cultures responded the least, while astrocytes derived from Harlan rats showed a greater decrease in Gfap and glutamine synthetase, suggesting a more quiescent phenotype. Human and Harlan astrocytes cultured in AM media responded similarly to starvation. Taken together, this study shows that rat substrain and growth medium composition affect purity, expression profile and response to starvation of primary astrocytes suggesting that cultures of Harlan rats in AM media have optimal astrocyte characteristics, purity, and similarity to human astrocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Codeluppi
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, SE-17177 Stockholm, Sweden.
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27
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Saito O, Svensson CI, Buczynski MW, Wegner K, Hua XY, Codeluppi S, Schaloske RH, Deems RA, Dennis EA, Yaksh TL. Spinal glial TLR4-mediated nociception and production of prostaglandin E(2) and TNF. Br J Pharmacol 2010; 160:1754-64. [PMID: 20649577 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2010.00811.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) expressed on spinal microglia and astrocytes has been suggested to play an important role in the regulation of pain signalling. The purpose of the present work was to examine the links between TLR4, glial activation and spinal release of prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)) and tumour necrosis factor (TNF), and the role these factors play in TLR4-induced tactile allodynia. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Toll-like receptor 4 was activated by intrathecal (i.t.) injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and KDO(2)-Lipid A (KDO(2)) to rats. Tactile allodynia was assessed using von Frey filaments and cerebrospinal fluid collected through spinal dialysis and lumbar puncture. PGE(2) and TNF levels were measured by mass spectometry and elisa. Minocycline and pentoxifylline (glia inhibitors), etanercept (TNF-blocker) and ketorolac (COX-inhibitor) were given i.t. prior to injection of the TLR4-agonists, in order to determine if these agents alter TLR4-mediated nociception and the spinal release of PGE(2) and TNF. KEY RESULTS Spinal administration of LPS and KDO(2) produced a dose-dependent tactile allodynia, which was attenuated by pentoxifylline, minocycline and etanercept but not ketorolac. Both TLR4 agonists induced the spinal release of PGE(2) and TNF. Intrathecal pentoxifylline blunted PGE(2) and TNF release, while i.t. minocycline only prevented the spinal release of TNF. The release of PGE(2) induced by LPS and KDO(2) was attenuated by i.t. administration of ketorolac. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Activation of TLR4 induces tactile allodynia, which is probably mediated by TNF released by activated spinal glia.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Saito
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, USA
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Norsted Gregory E, Codeluppi S, Gregory JA, Steinauer J, Svensson CI. Mammalian target of rapamycin in spinal cord neurons mediates hypersensitivity induced by peripheral inflammation. Neuroscience 2010; 169:1392-402. [PMID: 20538043 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2010.05.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2009] [Revised: 05/24/2010] [Accepted: 05/26/2010] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
mTOR, the mammalian target of rapamycin, is a serine-threonine kinase known to regulate cell proliferation and growth. mTOR has also been implicated in neuronal synaptic plasticity as well as in pain transmission in models of chemically induced and neuropathic pain. To date, the role of mTOR as a modulator of inflammatory pain has not been examined. In this study, we investigated the role of mTOR in Sprague-Dawley rats using the carrageenan model of inflammatory pain. mRNA of Ras homolog enriched in brain (Rheb), a GTPase that positively regulates mTOR activation, was significantly increased 2 h following carrageenan injection. Four hours after induction of inflammation phosphorylation (p) of p70S6 kinase (S6K), ribosomal protein S6 (S6) and eukaryotic initiation factor 4E-binding protein 1 (4E-BP1) was increased, indicating mTOR activation. Inhibition of spinal mTOR with intrathecal (i.t.) injection of rapamycin (0.1-3 microg) led to a dose-dependent decrease in carrageenan-induced thermal hyperalgesia and a reduction of mechanical allodynia. In vitro studies confirmed rapamycin inhibition of the mTOR pathway. Carrageenan-induced activation of the mTOR pathway in rats was localized predominantly to dorsal horn neurons in the superficial lamina. Taken together, these data show that the mTOR pathway is activated in dorsal horn neurons during inflammatory pain, and that inhibition of spinal mTOR attenuates inflammation-induced thermal and tactile hypersensitivity. Hence, our study indicates that spinal mTOR is an important regulator of spinal sensitization and suggests that targeting mTOR may provide a new avenue for pain therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Norsted Gregory
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, von Eulers väg 8, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
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29
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Kondo I, Marvizon JCG, Song B, Salgado F, Codeluppi S, Hua XY, Yaksh TL. Inhibition by spinal mu- and delta-opioid agonists of afferent-evoked substance P release. J Neurosci 2006; 25:3651-60. [PMID: 15814796 PMCID: PMC6725388 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0252-05.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Opioid mu- and delta-receptors are present on the central terminals of primary afferents, where they are thought to inhibit neurotransmitter release. This mechanism may mediate analgesia produced by spinal opiates; however, when they used neurokinin 1 receptor (NK1R) internalization as an indicator of substance P release, Trafton et al. (1999) noted that this evoked internalization was altered only modestly by morphine delivered intrathecally at spinal cord segment S1-S2. We reexamined this issue by studying the effect of opiates on NK1R internalization in spinal cord slices and in vivo. In slices, NK1R internalization evoked by dorsal root stimulation at C-fiber intensity was abolished by the mu agonist [D-Ala2, N-Me-Phe4, Gly-ol5]-enkephalin (DAMGO) (1 microM) and decreased by the delta agonist [D-Phe2,5]-enkephalin (DPDPE) (1 microM). In vivo, hindpaw compression induced NK1R internalization in ipsilateral laminas I-II. This evoked internalization was significantly reduced by morphine (60 nmol), DAMGO (1 nmol), and DPDPE (100 nmol), but not by the kappa agonist trans-(1S,2S)-3,4-dichloro-N-mathyl-N-[2-(1-pyrrolidinyl)cyclohexyl]-benzeneacetamide hydrochloride (200 nmol), delivered at spinal cord segment L2 using intrathecal catheters. These doses of the mu and delta agonists were equi-analgesic as measured by a thermal escape test. Lower doses neither produced analgesia nor inhibited NK1R internalization. In contrast, morphine delivered by percutaneous injections at S1-S2 had only a modest effect on thermal escape, even at higher doses. Morphine decreased NK1R internalization after systemic delivery, but at a dose greater than that necessary to produce equivalent analgesia. All effects were reversed by naloxone. These results indicate that lumbar opiates inhibit noxious stimuli-induced neurotransmitter release from primary afferents at doses that are confirmed behaviorally as analgesic.
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MESH Headings
- 3,4-Dichloro-N-methyl-N-(2-(1-pyrrolidinyl)-cyclohexyl)-benzeneacetamide, (trans)-Isomer/pharmacology
- Afferent Pathways/metabolism
- Analgesics, Non-Narcotic/pharmacology
- Analgesics, Opioid/administration & dosage
- Analysis of Variance
- Animals
- Behavior, Animal
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Drug Administration Routes
- Drug Interactions
- Electric Stimulation/methods
- Enkephalin, Ala(2)-MePhe(4)-Gly(5)-/pharmacology
- Enkephalin, D-Penicillamine (2,5)-/pharmacology
- Functional Laterality
- Immunochemistry/methods
- In Vitro Techniques
- Male
- Microscopy, Confocal/methods
- Morphine/administration & dosage
- Naloxone/pharmacology
- Narcotic Antagonists/pharmacology
- Pain Measurement
- Physical Stimulation/methods
- Rats
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Receptors, Neurokinin-1/metabolism
- Spinal Cord/drug effects
- Spinal Cord/radiation effects
- Spinal Nerve Roots/radiation effects
- Substance P/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Ichiro Kondo
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
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Rivetti C, Codeluppi S, Dieci G, Bustamante C. Visualizing RNA extrusion and DNA wrapping in transcription elongation complexes of bacterial and eukaryotic RNA polymerases. J Mol Biol 2003; 326:1413-26. [PMID: 12595254 DOI: 10.1016/s0022-2836(03)00042-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Transcription ternary complexes of Escherichia coli RNA polymerase and yeast RNA polymerase III have been analyzed by atomic force microscopy. Using the method of nucleotide omission and different DNA templates, E.coli RNAP has been stalled at position +24, +70 and +379 and RNAP III at position +377 from the starting site. Conformational analysis of E.coli RNAP elongation complexes reveals an average DNA compaction of 22nm and a DNA deformation compatible with approximately 180 degrees DNA wrapping against the enzyme. The extent of protein-DNA interaction attributed to wrapping, however, is less than that of corresponding open promoter complexes. DNA wrapping was also observed for RNAP III elongation complexes, which showed a DNA compaction of 30nm. When the RNA polymerases were stalled far from the promoter (+379 and +377), the growing RNA transcript was often visible and it was prevalently seen exiting from the enzyme on the opposite side relative to the smallest angle subtended by the upstream and downstream DNA arms. Surprisingly, we found that many complexes had a second RNAP, not involved in transcription, bound to the growing RNA of a ternary complex. DNA wrapping in the elongation complex suggests a possible mechanism by which the polymerase may overcome the physical barrier to transcription imposed by the nucleosomes.
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MESH Headings
- Bacterial Proteins/metabolism
- DNA Primers/chemistry
- DNA, Bacterial/chemistry
- DNA, Bacterial/metabolism
- DNA, Fungal/chemistry
- DNA, Fungal/metabolism
- DNA-Binding Proteins/metabolism
- DNA-Directed RNA Polymerases/metabolism
- Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assay
- Escherichia coli/enzymology
- Escherichia coli/genetics
- Microscopy, Atomic Force
- Nucleic Acid Conformation
- Nucleosomes/metabolism
- Peptide Chain Elongation, Translational
- Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Promoter Regions, Genetic
- Protein Binding
- RNA Polymerase III/metabolism
- RNA, Bacterial/chemistry
- RNA, Bacterial/metabolism
- RNA, Fungal/chemistry
- RNA, Fungal/metabolism
- Saccharomyces cerevisiae/chemistry
- Saccharomyces cerevisiae/enzymology
- Templates, Genetic
- Transcription, Genetic
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Rivetti
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Parma, 43100, Parma, Italy.
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Rivetti C, Codeluppi S. Accurate length determination of DNA molecules visualized by atomic force microscopy: evidence for a partial B- to A-form transition on mica. Ultramicroscopy 2001; 87:55-66. [PMID: 11310542 DOI: 10.1016/s0304-3991(00)00064-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Achieving the most correct estimate of the contour length of digitized DNA molecules is a key aspect of the microscopic analysis of nucleic acids by either electron microscopy (EM) or atomic force microscopy (AFM). Six different methods, that are mathematically not too complex and suited for common, practical use, have been tested here using simulated polymers in two dimensions and real DNA molecules (564, 1054, 2049 and 4297 bp long) imaged in air by AFM. The main result is that the frequently used Freeman estimator (L(F) = n(e) + square root 2n(o)) overestimates the real contour length of the polymers by about 4%. More accurate estimates are obtained with the Kulpa estimator (L(K) = 0.948n(e) + 1.343n(o)) or with the corner count estimator (L(C) = 0.980)n(e) + 1.406n(o) - 0.091n(c)). In the range of the DNA sizes and magnifications we have considered, however, the best results are obtained with an ad hoc developed routine that smoothes the DNA trace by a polynomial fitting of degree 3 over a moving window of 5 points. Under these conditions, the difference between the measured and the real contour length of the molecules is less than 0.4%. The accuracy of this procedure allowed us to reveal a discrete, size-dependent, shortening of DNA molecules deposited onto mica under low salt conditions and imaged in air by AFM. Awareness of this structural alteration, that can be attributed to a partial transition from B- to A-form DNA, may lead to a more correct interpretation of DNA molecules or protein-DNA complexes imaged by AFM.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Rivetti
- Istituto di Scienze Biochimiche, Università degli Studi di Parma, Italy.
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Ampollini P, Marchesi C, Signifredi R, Ghinaglia E, Scardovi F, Codeluppi S, Maggini C. Temperament and personality features in patients with major depression, panic disorder and mixed conditions. J Affect Disord 1999; 52:203-7. [PMID: 10357034 DOI: 10.1016/s0165-0327(98)00048-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
METHOD Forty-two patients with Panic Disorder (P), 18 with Major Depression (MD), 35 with both conditions (MIX) and 45 healthy subjects (C) were tested with the Tridimensional Personality Questionnaire and the Structured Interview for DSM-III-R Personality Disorders. RESULTS A different prevalence of Dependent (P = 16.7%, MD = 5.6%, MIX = 41.4%, C = 2.1%) (P < 0.001), Obsessive-Compulsive (P = 4.8%, MD = 27.8%, MIX = 3.4%, C = 0%) (P < 0.001) and Histrionic (P =23.8%, MD = 0%, MIX = 31%, C = 4.2%) (P = 0.001) personality disorders (PD) was found among groups. Harm Avoidance (HA) (P < 0.001) and Reward Dependence (RD) (P <0.001) were higher in patients than in controls. As expected the patients with comorbid conditions (MIX) showed higher HA levels (P < 0.01) and a greater prevalence of PDs, particularly of Cluster C compared to patients with pure disorders. CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that high HA and RD scores are associated with P, MD and MIX, and the former dimension is even higher in MIX patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Ampollini
- Istituto di Clinical Psichiatrica, Università di Parma, Italy
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Camurri L, Codeluppi S, Scarduelli L, Candela S. Sister chromatid exchanges in workers exposed to low doses of styrene. Basic Life Sci 1984; 29 Pt B:957-63. [PMID: 6529431 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4684-4892-4_34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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Abstract
Few studies exist about chromosomal damage in workers occupationally exposed to styrene. In the present study, chromosomal aberrations and SCEs were analyzed from cultures of peripheral lymphocytes of workers employed in 6 different reinforced-plastics industries with styrene air exposure levels ranging from 30 to 400 mg/mc. A control group was selected on the base of sex, age and smoking habit. We examined 50-h cultures (for chromosomal-aberrations) and 72-h cultures (for SCEs) for each individual. All workers exposed to styrene, as compared with controls, showed significantly increased frequencies of chromosomal aberrations, while SCEs were significantly increased at 4 of the 6 plants. High SCE values appeared with styrene air concentrations higher than 200 mg/mc. Apart from the possible presence and role of other interfering chemicals in the various plants, chromosomal aberrations seem to be more sensitive than SCEs for the detection of chromosomal damage caused by exposure to low doses of styrene.
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