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Kimura H, Onozawa M, Teshima T. Genetic background of thrombocytosis in mice mimicking hereditary thrombocytosis in humans. Platelets 2023; 34:2276697. [PMID: 37941443 DOI: 10.1080/09537104.2023.2276697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Kimura
- Department of Hematology, Hokkaido University Faculty of Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Masahiro Onozawa
- Department of Hematology, Hokkaido University Faculty of Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Takanori Teshima
- Department of Hematology, Hokkaido University Faculty of Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
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2
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Yorgan T, David JP, Amling M, Schinke T. The high bone mass phenotype of Lrp5-mutant mice is not affected by megakaryocyte depletion. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 497:659-666. [PMID: 29454962 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.02.127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 02/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Bone remodeling is a continuously ongoing process mediated by bone-resorbing osteoclasts and bone-forming osteoblasts. One key regulator of bone formation is the putative Wnt co-receptor Lrp5, where activating mutations in the extracellular domain cause increased bone formation in mice and humans. We have previously reported that megakaryocyte numbers are increased the bone marrow of mice carrying a high bone mass mutation (HBM) of Lrp5 (Lrp5G170V). Since megakaryocytes can promote bone formation, we addressed the question, if the bone remodeling phenotype of Lrp5G170V mice is affected by megakaryocyte depletion. For that purpose we took advantage of a mouse model carrying a mutation of the Mpl gene, encoding the thrombopoietin receptor. These mice (Mplhlb219) were crossed with Lrp5G170V mice to generate animals carrying both mutations in a homozygous state. Using μCT, undecalcified histology and bone-specific histomorphometry of 12 weeks old littermates we observed that megakaryocyte number was remarkably decreased in Mplhlb219/Lrp5G170V mice, yet the high bone mass phenotype of Lrp5G170V mice was not significantly affected by the homozygous Mpl mutation. Finally, when we analyzed 24 weeks old wildtype and Mplhlb219 mice we did not observe a statistically significant alteration of bone remodeling in the latter ones. Taken together, our results demonstrate that an increased number of bone marrow megakaryocytes does not contribute to the increased bone formation caused by Lrp5 activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timur Yorgan
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg Eppendorf, Hamburg 20246, Germany
| | - Jean-Pierre David
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg Eppendorf, Hamburg 20246, Germany
| | - Michael Amling
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg Eppendorf, Hamburg 20246, Germany
| | - Thorsten Schinke
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg Eppendorf, Hamburg 20246, Germany.
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3
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Liu HD, Zhang AJ, Xu JJ, Chen Y, Zhu YC. H2S protects against fatal myelosuppression by promoting the generation of megakaryocytes/platelets. J Hematol Oncol 2016; 9:13. [PMID: 26912146 PMCID: PMC4766725 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-016-0244-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2015] [Accepted: 02/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Our previous pilot studies aimed to examine the role of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) in the generation of endothelial progenitor cells led to an unexpected result, i.e., H2S promoted the differentiation of certain hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells in the bone marrow. This gave rise to an idea that H2S might promote hematopoiesis. Methods To test this idea, a mice model of myelosuppression and cultured fetal liver cells were used to examine the role of H2S in hematopoiesis. Results H2S promoted the generation of megakaryocytes, increased platelet levels, ameliorate entorrhagia, and improved survival. These H2S effects were blocked in both in vivo and in vitro models with thrombopoietin (TPO) receptor knockout mice (c-mpl−/− mice). In contrast, H2S promoted megakaryocytes/platelets generation in both in vivo and in vitro models with TPO knockout mice (TPO−/− mice). Conclusions H2S is a novel promoter for megakaryopoiesis by acting on the TPO receptors but not TPO to generate megakaryocytes/platelets. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13045-016-0244-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan-Di Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bioactive Small Molecules and Research Center on Aging and Medicine, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, 138 Yi Xue Yuan Road, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Molecular Diagnosis and Laboratory Medicine in Henan Province, School of Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Ai-Jie Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bioactive Small Molecules and Research Center on Aging and Medicine, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, 138 Yi Xue Yuan Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jing-Jing Xu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bioactive Small Molecules and Research Center on Aging and Medicine, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, 138 Yi Xue Yuan Road, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ying Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bioactive Small Molecules and Research Center on Aging and Medicine, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, 138 Yi Xue Yuan Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yi-Chun Zhu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bioactive Small Molecules and Research Center on Aging and Medicine, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, 138 Yi Xue Yuan Road, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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4
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Wuescher LM, Takashima A, Worth RG. A novel conditional platelet depletion mouse model reveals the importance of platelets in protection against Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia. J Thromb Haemost 2015; 13:303-13. [PMID: 25418277 PMCID: PMC4320667 DOI: 10.1111/jth.12795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2014] [Accepted: 11/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Platelets are critical cells for maintaining vascular hemostasis, but their activities in other processes are becoming apparent. Specifically, the ability of platelets to recognize and respond to infectious agents is an important area of investigation. To understand the physiologic roles of platelets in vivo, most researchers have used antibody-mediated platelet depletion, which has certain limitations. OBJECTIVE To develop an optimal system with which to study the contribution of platelets to protection against S. aureus blood infection. METHODS Here, we describe a novel experimental model of conditional platelet depletion based on the Cre-recombinase cell ablation system. With this technology, the simian diphtheria toxin receptor was expressed in platelet factor 4-positive cells (megakaryocytes and platelets). RESULTS Systemic administration of diphtheria toxin every 48 h resulted in reduced platelet numbers that became undetectable after 6 days. Although platelets were depleted, no other blood cells were affected. With this newly developed model, the functional contributions of platelets to protection against Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia was examined. Platelet-depleted mice succumbed to infection more rapidly than wild-type mice, and had a significantly higher bacterial burden in kidneys, elevated levels of serum markers of kidney damage, and increased levels of cytokines indicative of septic shock. CONCLUSIONS Here, we illustrate a new mouse model for conditional platelet depletion, and implicate platelets as important participants in the immune response to bacterial blood infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leah M. Wuescher
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, Ohio, 43614, USA
| | - Akira Takashima
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, Ohio, 43614, USA
| | - Randall G. Worth
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, Ohio, 43614, USA
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5
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Suo J, Linke B, Meyer dos Santos S, Pierre S, Stegner D, Zhang DD, Denis CV, Geisslinger G, Nieswandt B, Scholich K. Neutrophils mediate edema formation but not mechanical allodynia during zymosan-induced inflammation. J Leukoc Biol 2014; 96:133-42. [PMID: 24555986 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.3a1213-628r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory pain is based on stimulation and sensitization of peripheral endings of sensory neurons (nociceptors) by pronociceptive mediators. These mediators can be released by resident cells, as well as invading immune cells. Although neutrophils are known to release various mediators, which can stimulate or sensitize nociceptors, the extent of their contribution to nociceptive responses is unclear. Here, we studied the contribution of neutrophils to zymosan-induced inflammatory pain, which is characterized by an early recruitment of high numbers of neutrophils. Surprisingly, antibody-mediated neutrophil depletion caused a complete loss of edema formation but had no effect on mechanical pain thresholds. Blockage of the interaction between neutrophils and platelets or endothelial cells using antibodies directed against CD11b and CD162 reduced neutrophil recruitment to the site of inflammation. Again, the treatment decreased zymosan-induced edemas without altering mechanical pain thresholds. Also, HLB-219 mice, which have five to 10 times less platelets than WT mice, showed reduced neutrophil recruitment to the site of inflammation and decreased edema sizes, whereas, again, mechanical thresholds were unaltered. The effects observed in HLB-219 mice were relatively small and not reproduced in vWF-deficient mice or after antibody-mediated blockage of GPIbα. Flow chamber and transmigration assays showed that platelets were not necessary for neutrophil adhesion to endothelial cells but increased their transmigration. Taken together, zymosan-induced mechanical allodynia is, in contrast to edema formation, independent of neutrophils, and recruitment of neutrophils is only partly influenced by interactions with platelets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Suo
- Institut für Klinische Pharmakologie, Pharmazentrum Frankfurt, Zentrums für Arzneimittelforschung Entwicklung und Sicherheit, Klinikum der Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Bona Linke
- Institut für Klinische Pharmakologie, Pharmazentrum Frankfurt, Zentrums für Arzneimittelforschung Entwicklung und Sicherheit, Klinikum der Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Sascha Meyer dos Santos
- Institut für Klinische Pharmakologie, Pharmazentrum Frankfurt, Zentrums für Arzneimittelforschung Entwicklung und Sicherheit, Klinikum der Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Sandra Pierre
- Institut für Klinische Pharmakologie, Pharmazentrum Frankfurt, Zentrums für Arzneimittelforschung Entwicklung und Sicherheit, Klinikum der Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - David Stegner
- Universität Würzburg, Institut für Experimentelle Biomedizin, Universitätsklinikum und Rudolf-Virchow-Zentrum für Experimentelle Biomedizin, Würzburg, Germany; and
| | - Dong Dong Zhang
- Institut für Klinische Pharmakologie, Pharmazentrum Frankfurt, Zentrums für Arzneimittelforschung Entwicklung und Sicherheit, Klinikum der Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Cecile V Denis
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U770, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Gerd Geisslinger
- Institut für Klinische Pharmakologie, Pharmazentrum Frankfurt, Zentrums für Arzneimittelforschung Entwicklung und Sicherheit, Klinikum der Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Bernhard Nieswandt
- Universität Würzburg, Institut für Experimentelle Biomedizin, Universitätsklinikum und Rudolf-Virchow-Zentrum für Experimentelle Biomedizin, Würzburg, Germany; and
| | - Klaus Scholich
- Institut für Klinische Pharmakologie, Pharmazentrum Frankfurt, Zentrums für Arzneimittelforschung Entwicklung und Sicherheit, Klinikum der Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany;
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6
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Caignard G, Leiva-Torres GA, Leney-Greene M, Charbonneau B, Dumaine A, Fodil-Cornu N, Pyzik M, Cingolani P, Schwartzentruber J, Dupaul-Chicoine J, Guo H, Saleh M, Veillette A, Lathrop M, Blanchette M, Majewski J, Pearson A, Vidal SM. Genome-wide mouse mutagenesis reveals CD45-mediated T cell function as critical in protective immunity to HSV-1. PLoS Pathog 2013; 9:e1003637. [PMID: 24068938 PMCID: PMC3771889 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1003637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2013] [Accepted: 07/24/2013] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Herpes simplex encephalitis (HSE) is a lethal neurological disease resulting from infection with Herpes Simplex Virus 1 (HSV-1). Loss-of-function mutations in the UNC93B1, TLR3, TRIF, TRAF3, and TBK1 genes have been associated with a human genetic predisposition to HSE, demonstrating the UNC93B-TLR3-type I IFN pathway as critical in protective immunity to HSV-1. However, the TLR3, UNC93B1, and TRIF mutations exhibit incomplete penetrance and represent only a minority of HSE cases, perhaps reflecting the effects of additional host genetic factors. In order to identify new host genes, proteins and signaling pathways involved in HSV-1 and HSE susceptibility, we have implemented the first genome-wide mutagenesis screen in an in vivo HSV-1 infectious model. One pedigree (named P43) segregated a susceptible trait with a fully penetrant phenotype. Genetic mapping and whole exome sequencing led to the identification of the causative nonsense mutation L3X in the Receptor-type tyrosine-protein phosphatase C gene (Ptprc(L3X)), which encodes for the tyrosine phosphatase CD45. Expression of MCP1, IL-6, MMP3, MMP8, and the ICP4 viral gene were significantly increased in the brain stems of infected Ptprc(L3X) mice accounting for hyper-inflammation and pathological damages caused by viral replication. Ptprc(L3X) mutation drastically affects the early stages of thymocytes development but also the final stage of B cell maturation. Transfer of total splenocytes from heterozygous littermates into Ptprc(L3X) mice resulted in a complete HSV-1 protective effect. Furthermore, T cells were the only cell population to fully restore resistance to HSV-1 in the mutants, an effect that required both the CD4⁺ and CD8⁺ T cells and could be attributed to function of CD4⁺ T helper 1 (Th1) cells in CD8⁺ T cell recruitment to the site of infection. Altogether, these results revealed the CD45-mediated T cell function as potentially critical for infection and viral spread to the brain, and also for subsequent HSE development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grégory Caignard
- Departments of Human Genetics and Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - Michael Leney-Greene
- Departments of Human Genetics and Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Benoit Charbonneau
- Departments of Human Genetics and Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Anne Dumaine
- Departments of Human Genetics and Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Nassima Fodil-Cornu
- Departments of Human Genetics and Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Michal Pyzik
- Departments of Human Genetics and Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Pablo Cingolani
- School of Computer Science and McGill Centre for Bioinformatics, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | | | - Huaijian Guo
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Clinical Research Institute of Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Maya Saleh
- Departments of Biochemistry and Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - André Veillette
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Clinical Research Institute of Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Marc Lathrop
- McGill University and Genome Québec Innovation Centre, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Mathieu Blanchette
- School of Computer Science and McGill Centre for Bioinformatics, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jacek Majewski
- McGill University and Genome Québec Innovation Centre, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Angela Pearson
- INRS-Institut Armand-Frappier, Université du Québec, Laval, Quebec, Canada
| | - Silvia M. Vidal
- Departments of Human Genetics and Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
- * E-mail:
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7
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Bongfen SE, Rodrigue-Gervais IG, Berghout J, Torre S, Cingolani P, Wiltshire SA, Leiva-Torres GA, Letourneau L, Sladek R, Blanchette M, Lathrop M, Behr MA, Gruenheid S, Vidal SM, Saleh M, Gros P. An N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea (ENU)-induced dominant negative mutation in the JAK3 kinase protects against cerebral malaria. PLoS One 2012; 7:e31012. [PMID: 22363534 PMCID: PMC3283600 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0031012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2011] [Accepted: 12/29/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cerebral malaria (CM) is a lethal neurological complication of malaria. We implemented a genome-wide screen in mutagenized mice to identify host proteins involved in CM pathogenesis and whose inhibition may be of therapeutic value. One pedigree (P48) segregated a resistance trait whose CM-protective effect was fully penetrant, mapped to chromosome 8, and identified by genome sequencing as homozygosity for a mis-sense mutation (W81R) in the FERM domain of Janus-associated kinase 3 (Jak3). The causative effect of Jak3(W81R) was verified by complementation testing in Jak3(W81R/-) double heterozygotes that were fully protected against CM. Jak3(W81R) homozygotes showed defects in thymic development with depletion of CD8(+) T cell, B cell, and NK cell compartments, and defective T cell-dependent production of IFN-γ. Adoptive transfer of normal splenocytes abrogates CM resistance in Jak3(W81R) homozygotes, an effect attributed to the CD8(+) T cells. Jak3(W81R) behaves as a dominant negative variant, with significant CM resistance of Jak3(W81R/+) heterozygotes, compared to CM-susceptible Jak3(+/+) and Jak3(+/-) controls. CM resistance in Jak3(W81R/+) heterozygotes occurs in presence of normal T, B and NK cell numbers. These findings highlight the pathological role of CD8(+) T cells and Jak3-dependent IFN-γ-mediated Th1 responses in CM pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silayuv E. Bongfen
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
- Complex Traits Group, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Ian-Gael Rodrigue-Gervais
- Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
- Complex Traits Group, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Joanne Berghout
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
- Complex Traits Group, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Sabrina Torre
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
- Complex Traits Group, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Pablo Cingolani
- School of Computer Science, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Sean A. Wiltshire
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
- Complex Traits Group, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Gabriel A. Leiva-Torres
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
- Complex Traits Group, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Louis Letourneau
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Robert Sladek
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | | | - Mark Lathrop
- Institut de Génomique, Centre National de Génotypage, Evry, France
| | - Marcel A. Behr
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
- The McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Canada
| | - Samantha Gruenheid
- Complex Traits Group, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Silvia M. Vidal
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
- Complex Traits Group, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Maya Saleh
- Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
- Complex Traits Group, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Philippe Gros
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
- Complex Traits Group, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
- * E-mail:
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Strzalkowska A, Unrug-Bielawska K, Bluszcz A, Sandowska-Markiewicz Z, Karaszewska J, Pysniak K, Gajewska M, Wirth-Dzieciolowska E. Quantitative trait loci analysis for peripheral blood parameters in a (BALB/cW × C57BL/6J-Mpl (hlb219)/J) F(2) mice. Exp Anim 2011; 60:405-16. [PMID: 21791880 DOI: 10.1538/expanim.60.405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The genetic basis of the peripheral blood cell parameters is not fully elucidated. Thus, it is essential to research the correlation between blood cell counts levels and the genome in laboratory animals and subsequently in humans. In the present study, we examined 288 F(2) mice from a cross between BALB/cW and C57BL/6J-Mpl(hlb219)/J. The C57BL/6J-Mpl (hlb219)/J strain is a mouse model of thrombocytopenia. We found very strong correlations for PLT counts and revealed some highly significant correlations for RBC counts. On the basis of the obtained results, we presume that genetic control of erythrocyte parameters is divided into two pathways: first, the morphological determinants responsible for the red blood cell count (RBC), hematocrit (HCT), and mean corpuscular volume (MCV), and second, the functional pathway determining the hemoglobin content (HGB). The locus on Chromosome 4 is the only detected quantitative trait locus (QTL) influencing the analyzed platelets parameters. We also detected highly significant correlations for erythrocyte parameters on Chromosome 1 (RBC, MCV, MCH), Chr 7 (HGB), Chr 9 (MCHC), Chr 11 (RBC), and Chr 17 (MCH). Finally, with regards to the given correlations, using the Mouse Genome Database resource, we proposed candidate genes with possible meaning for the level of these parameters: cytokine receptor genes (e.g., Mpl), transcription factor genes (e.g., Xbp1, Ikzf1), hemoglobin chain genes (e.g., Hbb-b1, Hbb-ar), and many others localized in the confidence intervals of found QTLs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Strzalkowska
- Department of Genetics and Laboratory Animal Breeding, The Maria Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, W. K. Roentgen St. 5, 02-871 Warsaw, Poland
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Generation of N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea-induced mouse mutants with deviations in hematological parameters. Mamm Genome 2011; 22:495-505. [PMID: 21553221 DOI: 10.1007/s00335-011-9328-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2011] [Accepted: 04/14/2011] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Research on hematological disorders relies on suitable animal models. We retrospectively evaluated the use of the hematological parameters hematocrit (HCT), hemoglobin (HGB), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), red blood cell count (RBC), white blood cell count (WBC), and platelet count (PLT) in the phenotype-driven Munich N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea (ENU) mouse mutagenesis project as parameters for the generation of novel animal models for human diseases. The analysis was carried out on more than 16,000 G1 and G3 offspring of chemically mutagenized inbred C3H mice to detect dominant and recessive mutations leading to deviations in the levels of the chosen parameters. Identification of animals exhibiting altered values and transmission of the phenotypic deviations to the subsequent generations led to the successful establishment of mutant lines for the parameters MCV, RBC, and PLT. Analysis of the causative mutation was started in selected lines, thereby revealing a novel mutation in the transferrin receptor gene (Tfrc) in one line. Thus, novel phenotype-driven mouse models were established to analyze the genetic components of hematological disorders.
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Nguyen N, Judd LM, Kalantzis A, Whittle B, Giraud AS, van Driel IR. Random mutagenesis of the mouse genome: a strategy for discovering gene function and the molecular basis of disease. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2011; 300:G1-11. [PMID: 20947703 PMCID: PMC3774088 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00343.2010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Mutagenesis of mice with N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea (ENU) is a phenotype-driven approach to unravel gene function and discover new biological pathways. Phenotype-driven approaches have the advantage of making no assumptions about the function of genes and their products and have been successfully applied to the discovery of novel gene-phenotype relationships in many physiological systems. ENU mutagenesis of mice is used in many large-scale and more focused projects to generate and identify novel mouse models for the study of gene functions and human disease. This review examines the strategies and tools used in ENU mutagenesis screens to efficiently generate and identify functional mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nhung Nguyen
- 1Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne;
| | - Louise M. Judd
- 2Gastrointestinal Research in Inflammation and Pathology Laboratory, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne; and
| | - Anastasia Kalantzis
- 2Gastrointestinal Research in Inflammation and Pathology Laboratory, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne; and
| | - Belinda Whittle
- 3Australian Phenomics Facility, John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Andrew S. Giraud
- 2Gastrointestinal Research in Inflammation and Pathology Laboratory, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne; and
| | - Ian R. van Driel
- 1Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne;
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