1
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Parry N, Wheadon H, Copland M. The application of BH3 mimetics in myeloid leukemias. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:222. [PMID: 33637708 PMCID: PMC7908010 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-03500-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Execution of the intrinsic apoptotic pathway is controlled by the BCL-2 proteins at the level of the mitochondrial outer membrane (MOM). This family of proteins consists of prosurvival (e.g., BCL-2, MCL-1) and proapoptotic (e.g., BIM, BAD, HRK) members, the functional balance of which dictates the activation of BAX and BAK. Once activated, BAX/BAK form pores in the MOM, resulting in cytochrome c release from the mitochondrial intermembrane space, leading to apoptosome formation, caspase activation, and cleavage of intracellular targets. This pathway is induced by cellular stress including DNA damage, cytokine and growth factor withdrawal, and chemotherapy/drug treatment. A well-documented defense of leukemia cells is to shift the balance of the BCL-2 family in favor of the prosurvival proteins to protect against such intra- and extracellular stimuli. Small molecule inhibitors targeting the prosurvival proteins, named 'BH3 mimetics', have come to the fore in recent years to treat hematological malignancies, both as single agents and in combination with standard-of-care therapies. The most significant example of these is the BCL-2-specific inhibitor venetoclax, given in combination with standard-of-care therapies with great success in AML in clinical trials. As the number and variety of available BH3 mimetics increases, and investigations into applying these novel inhibitors to treat myeloid leukemias continue apace the need to evaluate where we currently stand in this rapidly expanding field is clear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narissa Parry
- Paul O'Gorman Leukaemia Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.
| | - Helen Wheadon
- Paul O'Gorman Leukaemia Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Mhairi Copland
- Paul O'Gorman Leukaemia Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
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2
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Lee YC, Wang LJ, Huang CH, Chiou JT, Shi YJ, Chang LS. Inhibition of EGFR pathway promotes the cytotoxicity of ABT-263 in human leukemia K562 cells by blocking MCL1 upregulation. Biochem Pharmacol 2020; 178:114047. [PMID: 32446890 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2020.114047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
ABT-263 induces MCL1 upregulation in cancer cells, which confers resistance to the drug. An increased understanding of the mechanism underlying ABT-263-induced MCL1 expression may provide a strategy to improve its tumor-suppression activity. The present study revealed that ABT-263 reduced the turnover of MCL1 mRNA, thereby upregulating MCL1 expression in human K562 leukemia cells. Furthermore, ABT-263-induced EGFR activation promoted AGO2 phosphorylation at Y393 and reduced miR-125b maturation. Treatment with EGFR inhibitors mitigated MCL1 upregulation induced by ABT-263. Additionally, lithium chloride (LiCl) alleviated ABT-263-induced MCL1 upregulation through EGFR-AGO2 axis-modulated miR-125b suppression. Ectopic expression of dominant negative AGO2(Y393F) or transfection with miR-125b abolished ABT-263-induced upregulation of MCL1 mRNA and protein levels. Co-treatment with either EGFR inhibitors or LiCl collaboratively enhanced ABT-263 cytotoxicity, while MCL1 overexpression eliminated this synergistic effect. Collectively, our data reveal that ABT-263 increases EGFR-mediated AGO2 phosphorylation, which in turn suppresses miR-125b-mediated MCL1 mRNA degradation in K562 cells. The suppression of this signaling pathway results in the synergistic cytotoxic effect of EGFR inhibitors or LiCl and ABT-263.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Chin Lee
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
| | - Liang-Jun Wang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Hui Huang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
| | - Jing-Ting Chiou
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Jun Shi
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
| | - Long-Sen Chang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan; Department of Biotechnology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
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3
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Muselli F, Peyron JF, Mary D. Druggable Biochemical Pathways and Potential Therapeutic Alternatives to Target Leukemic Stem Cells and Eliminate the Residual Disease in Chronic Myeloid Leukemia. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E5616. [PMID: 31717629 PMCID: PMC6888542 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20225616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Revised: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML) is a disease arising in stem cells expressing the BCR-ABL oncogenic tyrosine kinase that transforms one Hematopoietic stem/progenitor Cell into a Leukemic Stem Cell (LSC) at the origin of differentiated and proliferating leukemic cells in the bone marrow (BM). CML-LSCs are recognized as being responsible for resistances and relapses that occur despite the advent of BCR-ABL-targeting therapies with Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors (TKIs). LSCs share a lot of functional properties with Hematopoietic Stem Cells (HSCs) although some phenotypical and functional differences have been described during the last two decades. Subverted mechanisms affecting epigenetic processes, apoptosis, autophagy and more recently metabolism and immunology in the bone marrow microenvironment (BMM) have been reported. The aim of this review is to bring together the modifications and molecular mechanisms that are known to account for TKI resistance in primary CML-LSCs and to focus on the potential solutions that can circumvent these resistances, in particular those that have been, or will be tested in clinical trials.
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MESH Headings
- Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl/antagonists & inhibitors
- Humans
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/metabolism
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/pathology
- Neoplasm, Residual/drug therapy
- Neoplasm, Residual/metabolism
- Neoplasm, Residual/pathology
- Neoplastic Stem Cells/drug effects
- Neoplastic Stem Cells/metabolism
- Neoplastic Stem Cells/pathology
- Protein Kinase Inhibitors/therapeutic use
- Tumor Microenvironment/drug effects
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Didier Mary
- Université Côte d’Azur, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm) U1065, Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire, CEDEX 3, 06204 Nice, France; (F.M.); (J.-F.P.)
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4
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Nie ZY, Yang L, Liu XJ, Yang Z, Yang GS, Zhou J, Qin Y, Yu J, Jiang LL, Wen JK, Luo JM. Morin Inhibits Proliferation and Induces Apoptosis by Modulating the miR-188-5p/PTEN/AKT Regulatory Pathway in CML Cells. Mol Cancer Ther 2019; 18:2296-2307. [PMID: 31515296 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-19-0051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Revised: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Yuan Nie
- Department of Hematology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Lin Yang
- Department of Hematology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xiao-Jun Liu
- Department of Hematology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Zhan Yang
- Department of Urology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Gao-Shan Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Key Laboratory of Neural and Vascular Biology, Ministry of Education of China, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Jing Zhou
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Key Laboratory of Neural and Vascular Biology, Ministry of Education of China, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yan Qin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Key Laboratory of Neural and Vascular Biology, Ministry of Education of China, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Jing Yu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Key Laboratory of Neural and Vascular Biology, Ministry of Education of China, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Ling-Ling Jiang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Key Laboratory of Neural and Vascular Biology, Ministry of Education of China, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Jin-Kun Wen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Key Laboratory of Neural and Vascular Biology, Ministry of Education of China, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Jian-Min Luo
- Department of Hematology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China.
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5
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Prosurvival kinase PIM2 is a therapeutic target for eradication of chronic myeloid leukemia stem cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:10482-10487. [PMID: 31068472 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1903550116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A major obstacle to curing chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is the intrinsic resistance of CML stem cells (CMLSCs) to the drug imatinib mesylate (IM). Prosurvival genes that are preferentially expressed in CMLSCs compared with normal hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) represent potential therapeutic targets for selectively eradicating CMLSCs. However, the discovery of such preferentially expressed genes has been hampered by the inability to completely separate CMLSCs from HSCs, which display a very similar set of surface markers. To overcome this challenge, and to minimize confounding effects of individual differences in gene expression profiles, we performed single-cell RNA-seq on CMLSCs and HSCs that were isolated from the same patient and distinguished based on the presence or absence of BCR-ABL. Among genes preferentially expressed in CMLSCs is PIM2, which encodes a prosurvival serine-threonine kinase that phosphorylates and inhibits the proapoptotic protein BAD. We show that IM resistance of CMLSCs is due, at least in part, to maintenance of BAD phosphorylation by PIM2. We find that in CMLSCs, PIM2 expression is promoted by both a BCR-ABL-dependent (IM-sensitive) STAT5-mediated pathway and a BCR-ABL-independent (IM-resistant) STAT4-mediated pathway. Combined treatment with IM and a PIM inhibitor synergistically increases apoptosis of CMLSCs, suppresses colony formation, and significantly prolongs survival in a mouse CML model, with a negligible effect on HSCs. Our results reveal a therapeutically targetable mechanism of IM resistance in CMLSCs. The experimental approach that we describe can be generally applied to other malignancies that harbor oncogenic fusion proteins or other characteristic genetic markers.
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USP10 modulates the SKP2/Bcr-Abl axis via stabilizing SKP2 in chronic myeloid leukemia. Cell Discov 2019; 5:24. [PMID: 31044085 PMCID: PMC6488640 DOI: 10.1038/s41421-019-0092-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2018] [Revised: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Constitutive activation of tyrosine kinase Bcr-Abl is the leading cause of the development and progression of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). Currently, the application of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) targeting the Bcr-Abl is the primary therapy for CML patients. However, acquired resistance to TKIs that develops overtime in the long-term administration renders TKIs ineffective to patients with advanced CML. Therefore, increasing studies focus on the amplified expression or activation of Bcr-Abl which is proposed to contribute to the advanced phase. Here, we show that S-phase kinase-associated protein 2 (SKP2) acts as a co-regulator of Bcr-Abl by mediating its K63-linked ubiquitination and activation. Further investigations show that USP10 as a novel deubiquitinase of SKP2 amplifies the activation of Bcr-Abl via mediating deubiquitination and stabilization of SKP2 in CML cells. Moreover, inhibition of USP10 significantly suppresses the proliferation of both imatinib-sensitive and imatinib-resistant CML cells, which likely depends on SKP2 status. This findings are confirmed in primary CML cells because these cells are over-expressed with USP10 and SKP2 and are sensitive to a USP10 inhibitor. Taken together, the present study not only provides a novel insight into the amplified activation of Bcr-Abl in CML, but also demonstrates that targeting the USP10/SKP2/Bcr-Abl axis is a potential strategy to overcome imatinib resistance in CML patients.
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7
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Boddu P, Carter BZ, Verstovsek S, Pemmaraju N. SMACmimetics as potential cancer therapeutics in myeloid malignancies. Br J Haematol 2019; 185:219-231. [DOI: 10.1111/bjh.15829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Prajwal Boddu
- Department of Hematology and Oncology Yale University School of Medicine New Haven CTUSA
| | - Bing Z. Carter
- Department of Leukemia University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center Houston TX USA
| | - Srdan Verstovsek
- Department of Leukemia University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center Houston TX USA
| | - Naveen Pemmaraju
- Department of Leukemia University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center Houston TX USA
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8
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Lis C, Rubner S, Gröst C, Hoffmann R, Knappe D, Berg T. iSPAAC: Isomer-Free Generation of a Bcl-xL
-Inhibitor in Living Cells. Chemistry 2018; 24:13762-13766. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201803032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Lis
- Leipzig University; Institute of Organic Chemistry; Johannisallee 29 04103 Leipzig Germany
| | - Stefan Rubner
- Leipzig University; Institute of Organic Chemistry; Johannisallee 29 04103 Leipzig Germany
| | - Corinna Gröst
- Leipzig University; Institute of Organic Chemistry; Johannisallee 29 04103 Leipzig Germany
| | - Ralf Hoffmann
- Leipzig University; Institute of Bioanalytical Chemistry and Center for Biotechnology and Biomedicine (BBZ); Deutscher Platz 5 04103 Leipzig Germany
| | - Daniel Knappe
- Leipzig University; Institute of Bioanalytical Chemistry and Center for Biotechnology and Biomedicine (BBZ); Deutscher Platz 5 04103 Leipzig Germany
| | - Thorsten Berg
- Leipzig University; Institute of Organic Chemistry; Johannisallee 29 04103 Leipzig Germany
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9
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Dasatinib-Loaded Erythrocytes Trigger Apoptosis in Untreated Chronic Myelogenous Leukemic Cells: A Cellular Reservoir Participating in Dasatinib Efficiency. Hemasphere 2018; 2:e41. [PMID: 31723769 PMCID: PMC6745996 DOI: 10.1097/hs9.0000000000000041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2017] [Revised: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 03/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text Dasatinib is an ABL1 tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) with a short in vivo plasmatic half-life but with good efficiency, which is not fully understood. We investigated the possibility that circulating erythrocytes store and then provide dasatinib to target cells. In vitro coincubation of dasatinib-treated cells with naïve leukemic cells followed by analysis of kinase inhibition, apoptosis induction, fluorescent molecule exchanges, and dasatinib dosage were performed. Cells incubated with clinically relevant concentrations of dasatinib for a short time retained, after a washout procedure, an intracellular pool of dasatinib which was transferable to naïve BCR-ABL1 expressing cells and induced their apoptosis. This was verified in total blood where the huge cellular volume of erythrocytes constituted a large reservoir of dasatinib able to induce apoptosis in naïve BCR-ABL1 cell lines and primitive chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) CD34+ cells. This dasatinib transfer necessitated a contact between donor and acceptor cells. A component exchange occurred during this contact, carrying dasatinib and other TKIs such as nilotinib or the fluorescent sunitinib. An active pool of dasatinib could be buried inside the circulating erythrocytes, out of reach of detoxifying mechanisms, but still available for target cells and thus extending the acute effect of the plasmatic pool of the drug.
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10
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Platinum pyrithione induces apoptosis in chronic myeloid leukemia cells resistant to imatinib via DUB inhibition-dependent caspase activation and Bcr-Abl downregulation. Cell Death Dis 2017; 8:e2913. [PMID: 28682311 PMCID: PMC5550844 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2017.284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2017] [Revised: 05/10/2017] [Accepted: 05/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) is characterized by the chimeric tyrosine kinase Bcr-Abl. T315I Bcr-Abl is the most notorious point mutation to elicit acquired resistance to imatinib (IM), leading to poor prognosis. Therefore, it is urgent to search for additional approaches and targeting strategies to overcome IM resistance. We recently reported that platinum pyrithione (PtPT) potently inhibits the ubiquitin–proteasome system (UPS) via targeting the 26 S proteasome-associated deubiquitinases (DUBs), without effecting on the 20 S proteasome. Here we further report that (i) PtPT induces apoptosis in Bcr-Abl wild-type and Bcr-Abl-T315I mutation cells including the primary mononuclear cells from CML patients clinically resistant to IM, as well as inhibits the growth of IM-resistant Bcr-Abl-T315I xenografts in vivo; (ii) PtPT downregulates Bcr-Abl level through restraining Bcr-Abl transcription, and decreasing Bcr-Abl protein mediated by DUBs inhibition-induced caspase activation; (iii) UPS inhibition is required for PtPT-induced caspase activation and cell apoptosis. These findings support that PtPT overcomes IM resistance through both Bcr-Abl-dependent and -independent mechanisms. We conclude that PtPT can be a lead compound for further drug development to overcome imatinib resistance in CML patients.
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11
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Wang DQ, Gao YL, Liu JX, Zheng CH, Kong XZ. Identifying drug-pathway association pairs based on L1L2,1-integrative penalized matrix decomposition. Oncotarget 2017; 8:48075-48085. [PMID: 28624800 PMCID: PMC5564627 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.18254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Accepted: 05/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The traditional methods of drug discovery follow the "one drug-one target" approach, which ignores the cellular and physiological environment of the action mechanism of drugs. However, pathway-based drug discovery methods can overcome this limitation. This kind of method, such as the Integrative Penalized Matrix Decomposition (iPaD) method, identifies the drug-pathway associations by taking the lasso-type penalty on the regularization term. Moreover, instead of imposing the L1-norm regularization, the L2,1-Integrative Penalized Matrix Decomposition (L2,1-iPaD) method imposes the L2,1-norm penalty on the regularization term. In this paper, based on the iPaD and L2,1-iPaD methods, we propose a novel method named L1L2,1-iPaD (L1L2,1-Integrative Penalized Matrix Decomposition), which takes the sum of the L1-norm and L2,1-norm penalties on the regularization term. Besides, we perform permutation test to assess the significance of the identified drug-pathway association pairs and compute the P-values. Compared with the existing methods, our method can identify more drug-pathway association pairs which have been validated in the CancerResource database. In order to identify drug-pathway associations which are not validated in the CancerResource database, we retrieve published papers to prove these associations. The results on two real datasets prove that our method can achieve better enrichment for identified association pairs than the iPaD and L2,1-iPaD methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Qin Wang
- 1 School of Information Science and Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Rizhao, China
| | - Ying-Lian Gao
- 2 Library of Qufu Normal University, Qufu Normal University, Rizhao, China
| | - Jin-Xing Liu
- 1 School of Information Science and Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Rizhao, China
| | - Chun-Hou Zheng
- 1 School of Information Science and Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Rizhao, China
| | - Xiang-Zhen Kong
- 1 School of Information Science and Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Rizhao, China
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Xie Q, Lin Q, Li D, Chen J. Imatinib induces autophagy via upregulating XIAP in GIST882 cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 488:584-589. [PMID: 28528977 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.05.096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Accepted: 05/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) are the most common mesenchymal neoplasms originating from the gastrointestinal tract with gain of function mutations in receptor tyrosine kinases KIT or platelet-derived growth factor receptor A (PDGFRA). The main effective treatment for GISTs is tyrosine kinase inhibitors, such as imatinib mesylate. However, GISTs respond to imatinib treatment eventually develop acquired resistance, which is a main obstacle for GISTs therapy. Therefore, it's urgent to have a better understanding of the mechanisms underlying the imatinib resistance in GISTs to develop novel therapeutic strategies. X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis (XIAP) is the most potent apoptosis inhibitor among the inhibitor of apoptosis protein (IAP) family members. Increased cellular expression of XIAP often leads to drug resistance in cancers. Here we report that XIAP is induced upon imatinb treatment in GIST882 cells, leading to imatinib-induced autophagy. Imatinib-induced autophagy was impaired in XIAP-knockout cells generated by CRISPR/Cas9 system demonstrated by the decreasing of LC3 lipidation. XIAP knockout sensitizes GIST882 cells to imatinib-induced apoptotic cell death, suggesting that XIAP protects GIST882 cells from imatinib-induced cell death by inducing autophagy. Thus, the resistance of the GIST882 cells to imatinib appears to be, in part, due to the increasing of XIAP and subsequent induction of autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingqing Xie
- School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, Fujian, China
| | - Qi Lin
- School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, Fujian, China
| | - Dezhi Li
- School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, Fujian, China
| | - Jianming Chen
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetic Resources, Fujian Collaborative Innovation Center for Exploitation and Utilization of Marine Biological Resources, Third Institute of Oceanography, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China.
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13
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Lan X, Zhao C, Chen X, Zhang P, Zang D, Wu J, Chen J, Long H, Yang L, Huang H, Carter BZ, Wang X, Shi X, Liu J. Nickel pyrithione induces apoptosis in chronic myeloid leukemia cells resistant to imatinib via both Bcr/Abl-dependent and Bcr/Abl-independent mechanisms. J Hematol Oncol 2016; 9:129. [PMID: 27884201 PMCID: PMC5123219 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-016-0359-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2016] [Accepted: 11/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acquired imatinib (IM) resistance is frequently characterized by Bcr-Abl mutations that affect IM binding and kinase inhibition in patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML). Bcr-Abl-T315I mutation is the predominant mechanism of the acquired resistance to IM. Therefore, it is urgent to search for additional approaches and targeting strategies to overcome IM resistance. We recently reported that nickel pyrithione (NiPT) potently inhibits the ubiquitin proteasome system via targeting the 19S proteasome-associated deubiquitinases (UCHL5 and USP14), without effecting on the 20S proteasome. In this present study, we investigated the effect of NiPT, a novel proteasomal deubiquitinase inhibitor, on cell survival or apoptosis in CML cells bearing Bcr-Abl-T315I or wild-type Bcr-Abl. METHODS Cell viability was examined by MTS assay and trypan blue exclusion staining assay in KBM5, KBM5R, K562, BaF3-p210-WT, BaF3-p210-T315I cells, and CML patients' bone marrow samples treated with NiPT. Cell apoptosis in CML cells was detected with Annexin V-FITC/PI and rhodamine-123 staining followed by fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry and with western blot analyses for apoptosis-associated proteins. Expression levels of Bcr-Abl in CML cells were analyzed by using western blotting and real-time PCR. The 20S proteasome peptidase activity was measured using specific fluorogenic substrate. Active-site-directed labeling of proteasomal DUBs, as well as the phosphorylation of USP14 was used for evaluating the inhibition of the DUBs activity by NiPT. Mouse xenograft models of KBM5 and KBM5R cells were analyzed, and Bcr-Abl-related proteins and protein biomarkers related to proliferation, differentiation, and adhesion in tumor tissues were detected by western blots and/or immunohistological analyses. RESULTS NiPT induced apoptosis in CML cells and inhibited the growth of IM-resistant Bcr-Abl-T315I xenografts in nude mice. Mechanistically, NiPT induced decreases in Bcr-Abl proteins, which were associated with downregulation of Bcr-Abl transcription and with the cleavage of Bcr-Abl protein by activated caspases. NiPT-induced ubiquitin proteasome system inhibition induced caspase activation in both IM-resistant and IM-sensitive CML cells, and the caspase activation was required for NiPT-induced Bcr-Abl downregulation and apoptotic cell death. CONCLUSIONS These findings support that NiPT can overcome IM resistance through both Bcr-Abl-dependent and Bcr-Abl-independent mechanisms, providing potentially a new option for CML treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoying Lan
- Department of Pathophysiology, State Key Lab of Respiratory Disease, Protein Modification and Degradation Laboratory, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 511436, China
| | - Chong Zhao
- Department of Pathophysiology, State Key Lab of Respiratory Disease, Protein Modification and Degradation Laboratory, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 511436, China
| | - Xin Chen
- Department of Pathophysiology, State Key Lab of Respiratory Disease, Protein Modification and Degradation Laboratory, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 511436, China
| | - Peiquan Zhang
- Department of Pathophysiology, State Key Lab of Respiratory Disease, Protein Modification and Degradation Laboratory, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 511436, China
| | - Dan Zang
- Department of Pathophysiology, State Key Lab of Respiratory Disease, Protein Modification and Degradation Laboratory, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 511436, China
| | - Jinjie Wu
- Department of Pathophysiology, State Key Lab of Respiratory Disease, Protein Modification and Degradation Laboratory, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 511436, China
| | - Jinghong Chen
- Department of Pathophysiology, State Key Lab of Respiratory Disease, Protein Modification and Degradation Laboratory, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 511436, China
| | - Huidan Long
- Department of Pathophysiology, State Key Lab of Respiratory Disease, Protein Modification and Degradation Laboratory, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 511436, China
| | - Li Yang
- Department of Pathophysiology, State Key Lab of Respiratory Disease, Protein Modification and Degradation Laboratory, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 511436, China
| | - Hongbiao Huang
- Department of Pathophysiology, State Key Lab of Respiratory Disease, Protein Modification and Degradation Laboratory, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 511436, China
| | - Bing Z Carter
- Department of Leukemia, Section of Molecular Hematology and Therapy, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Xuejun Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, State Key Lab of Respiratory Disease, Protein Modification and Degradation Laboratory, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 511436, China.,Division of Basic Biomedical Sciences, Sanford School of Medicine of the University of South Dakota, Vermillion, SD, 57069, USA
| | - Xianping Shi
- Department of Pathophysiology, State Key Lab of Respiratory Disease, Protein Modification and Degradation Laboratory, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 511436, China. .,Department of Pathophysiology, Protein modification and Degradation Laboratory, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510182, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jinbao Liu
- Department of Pathophysiology, State Key Lab of Respiratory Disease, Protein Modification and Degradation Laboratory, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 511436, China. .,Department of Pathophysiology, Protein modification and Degradation Laboratory, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510182, People's Republic of China.
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14
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Synergistic cooperation between ABT-263 and MEK1/2 inhibitor: effect on apoptosis and proliferation of acute myeloid leukemia cells. Oncotarget 2016; 7:845-59. [PMID: 26625317 PMCID: PMC4808037 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2015] [Accepted: 11/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In spite of intensive research to improve treatment of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) more than half of all patients continue to develop a refractory disease. Therefore there is need to improve AML treatment. The overexpression of the BCL-2 family anti-apoptotic members, like BCL-2 or BCL-xL has been largely reported in lymphoid tumors but also in AML and other tumors. To counteract the anti-apoptotic effect of BCL-2, BH3 mimetics have been developed to target cancer cells. An increase in activity of ERK1/2 mitogen activated protein (MAP) kinase has also been reported in AML and might be targeted by MEK1/2 inhibitors. Hence, in the current work, we investigated whether the association of a BH3 mimetic such ABT-263 and the MEK1/2 inhibitor pimasertib (MEKI), was efficient to target AML cells. A synergistic increasing of apoptosis was observed in AML cell lines and in primary cells without affecting normal bone marrow cells. Such cooperation was confirmed on tumor growth in a mouse xenograft model of AML. In addition we demonstrated that MEKI sensitized the cells to apoptosis through its ability to promote a G1 cell cycle arrest. So, this combination of a MAP Kinase pathway inhibitor and a BH3 mimetic could be a promising strategy to improve the treatment of AML.
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15
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Rao J, Li F, Zhang RY, Zhou HH, Chen GA. BH3 mimetic ABT-737 induces apoptosis in CD34 + acute myeloid leukemia cells and shows synergistic effect with conventional chemotherapeutic drugs. Asia Pac J Clin Oncol 2015; 13:e144-e152. [PMID: 26552712 DOI: 10.1111/ajco.12420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is an immunophenotypically heterogenous malignant disease. The early immature CD34+ AML cell subpopulation is frequently impervious to intensive chemotherapy, making them largely responsible for relapse of AML. CD34+ AML cells have higher level of Bcl-2 protein expression than the CD34- subpopulation. As such, development of drugs that specifically target the Bcl-2 may have the potential to eliminate immature CD34+ AML progenitor cells and provide therapeutic benefit. In this work, we made an attempt to investigate the cytotoxic effect of a novel Bcl-2 family inhibitor, ABT-737, on CD34+ AML cell lines (KG1a and Kasumi-1) as well as CD34+ primary AML cells. METHODS Primary human CD34+ cells were isolated from bone marrow mononuclear cells using CD34 MicroBead kit. The growth inhibitory effect was measured by cell counting kit-8. Apoptosis was analyzed by annexin V/PI assays. Protein expression was determined by Western blotting analysis. RESULTS Inhibition of Bcl-2 by ABT-737 effectively inhibited growth and induced apoptosis in CD34+ AML cell lines and CD34+ primary AML cells without affecting CD34+ normal hematopoietic cells. Furthermore, Western blot analysis showed that ABT-737 induced apoptosis associated with caspase-3 activation and poly ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP) degradation. Finally, ABT-737 synergistically enhanced the cytotoxic effect of cytarabine and daunorubicin in CD34+ AML cells. CONCLUSION Taken together, these findings indicate that ABT-737 may offer as a promising molecular targeting agent in CD34+ AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Rao
- Department of Hematology, First Affiliated Hospital, NanChang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Fei Li
- Department of Hematology, First Affiliated Hospital, NanChang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Rong-Yan Zhang
- Department of Hematology, First Affiliated Hospital, NanChang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Huan-Huan Zhou
- Department of Hematology, First Affiliated Hospital, NanChang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Guo-An Chen
- Department of Hematology, First Affiliated Hospital, NanChang University, Nanchang, China
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16
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Arock M, Mahon FX, Valent P. Characterization and targeting of neoplastic stem cells in Ph + chronic myeloid leukemia. Int J Hematol Oncol 2015. [DOI: 10.2217/ijh.15.16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a myeloproliferative neoplasm characterized by the presence of an oncogenic fusion gene, BCR–ABL1. This fusion gene produces a cytoplasmic protein with tyrosine kinase activity that acts as a main driver of oncogenesis and abnormal proliferation of myeloid cells in CML. Targeted therapy with BCR–ABL1 tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) such as imatinib is followed by long-term responses in most patients. However, despite continuous treatment, relapses occur, suggesting the presence of TKI-resistant neoplastic stem cells in these patients. Here, we discuss potential mechanisms and signaling molecules involved in the prosurvival and self-renewal capacity of CML neoplastic stem cells as well as antigens expressed by these cells. Several of these signaling molecules and cell surface antigens may serve as potential targets of therapy and their use may overcome TKI resistance in CML in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michel Arock
- Molecular & Cellular Oncology, LBPA CNRS UMR8113, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Cachan, Cachan, France
- Laboratory of Hematology, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France
| | - François-Xavier Mahon
- Laboratory of Hematology, CHU de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
- Laboratoire Hématopoïèse Leucémique et Cible Thérapeutique INSERM U1035, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Peter Valent
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Hematology & Hemostaseology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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17
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Ko TK, Chuah CTH, Huang JWJ, Ng KP, Ong ST. The BCL2 inhibitor ABT-199 significantly enhances imatinib-induced cell death in chronic myeloid leukemia progenitors. Oncotarget 2015; 5:9033-8. [PMID: 25333252 PMCID: PMC4253416 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.1925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BCR-ABL1-specific tyrosine kinase inhibitors prolong the life of patients with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) but cannot completely eradicate CML progenitors. The BH3 mimetic, ABT-263, targets prosurvival BCL2 family members, and has activity against CML progenitors. However, the inhibitory effect of ABT-263 on BCL-XL, which mediates platelet survival, produces dose-limiting thrombocytopenia. A second-generation BH3 mimetic, ABT-199, has been developed to specifically bind BCL2 but not BCL-XL. We determined the activity of ABT-199 against CML cell lines, as well as primary CML and normal cord blood (NCB) progenitors. We find that BCL2 expression levels predict sensitivity to ABT-199 in CML and NCB progenitors, and that high NCB BCL2 levels may explain the reported hematologic toxicities in ABT-199-treated patients. Also, while single agent ABT-199 has modest activity against CML progenitors, when combined with imatinib, ABT-199 significantly enhances imatinib activity against CML progenitors at concentrations predicted to avoid hematologic toxicities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tun Kiat Ko
- Cancer and Stem Cell Biology Program, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore
| | - Charles T H Chuah
- Cancer and Stem Cell Biology Program, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore. Department of Haematology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore
| | - John W J Huang
- Cancer and Stem Cell Biology Program, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore
| | - King-Pan Ng
- Cancer and Stem Cell Biology Program, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore
| | - S Tiong Ong
- Cancer and Stem Cell Biology Program, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore. Department of Haematology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore. Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre, Singapore. Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC
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18
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Chen X, Shi X, Zhao C, Li X, Lan X, Liu S, Huang H, Liu N, Liao S, Zang D, Song W, Liu Q, Carter BZ, Dou QP, Wang X, Liu J. Anti-rheumatic agent auranofin induced apoptosis in chronic myeloid leukemia cells resistant to imatinib through both Bcr/Abl-dependent and -independent mechanisms. Oncotarget 2015; 5:9118-32. [PMID: 25193854 PMCID: PMC4253423 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.2361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Resistance to Imatinib mesylate (IM) is an emerging problem for patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML). T315I mutation in the Bcr-Abl is the predominant mechanism of the acquired resistance to IM and second generation tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI). Therefore it is urgent to search for new measures to overcome TKI-resistance. Auranofin (AF), clinically used to treat rheumatic arthritis, was recently approved by US Food and Drug Administration for Phase II clinical trial to treat cancer. In contrast to the reports that AF induces apoptosis by increasing intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels via inhibiting thioredoxin reductase, our recent study revealed that AF-induced apoptosis depends on inhibition of proteasomal deubiquitinases (UCHL5 and USP14). Here we report that (i) AF induces apoptosis in both Bcr-Abl wild-type cells and Bcr-Abl-T315I mutation cells and inhibits the growth of IM-resistant Bcr-Abl-T315I xenografts in vivo; (ii) AF inhibits Bcr-Abl through both downregulation of Bcr-Abl gene expression and Bcr-Abl cleavage mediated by proteasome inhibition-induced caspase activation; (iii) proteasome inhibition but not ROS is required for AF-induced caspase activation and apoptosis. These findings support that AF overcomes IM resistance through both Bcr/Abl-dependent and -independent mechanisms, providing great clinical significance for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Chen
- State Key Lab of Respiratory Disease, Protein Modification and Degradation Lab, Departments of Pathophysiology and Biochemistry, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong 510182, China; These Authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Xianping Shi
- State Key Lab of Respiratory Disease, Protein Modification and Degradation Lab, Departments of Pathophysiology and Biochemistry, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong 510182, China; These Authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Chong Zhao
- State Key Lab of Respiratory Disease, Protein Modification and Degradation Lab, Departments of Pathophysiology and Biochemistry, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong 510182, China; These Authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Xiaofen Li
- State Key Lab of Respiratory Disease, Protein Modification and Degradation Lab, Departments of Pathophysiology and Biochemistry, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong 510182, China
| | - Xiaoying Lan
- State Key Lab of Respiratory Disease, Protein Modification and Degradation Lab, Departments of Pathophysiology and Biochemistry, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong 510182, China
| | - Shouting Liu
- State Key Lab of Respiratory Disease, Protein Modification and Degradation Lab, Departments of Pathophysiology and Biochemistry, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong 510182, China
| | - Hongbiao Huang
- State Key Lab of Respiratory Disease, Protein Modification and Degradation Lab, Departments of Pathophysiology and Biochemistry, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong 510182, China
| | - Ningning Liu
- State Key Lab of Respiratory Disease, Protein Modification and Degradation Lab, Departments of Pathophysiology and Biochemistry, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong 510182, China; Guangzhou Research Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510260, People's Republic of China
| | - Siyan Liao
- State Key Lab of Respiratory Disease, Protein Modification and Degradation Lab, Departments of Pathophysiology and Biochemistry, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong 510182, China
| | - Dan Zang
- State Key Lab of Respiratory Disease, Protein Modification and Degradation Lab, Departments of Pathophysiology and Biochemistry, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong 510182, China
| | - Wenbin Song
- State Key Lab of Respiratory Disease, Protein Modification and Degradation Lab, Departments of Pathophysiology and Biochemistry, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong 510182, China
| | - Quentin Liu
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Bing Z Carter
- Section of Molecular Hematology and Therapy, Department of leukemia, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Q Ping Dou
- State Key Lab of Respiratory Disease, Protein Modification and Degradation Lab, Departments of Pathophysiology and Biochemistry, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong 510182, China; The Molecular Therapeutics Program, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, and Departments of Oncology, Pharmacology and Pathology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48201-2013, USA
| | - Xuejun Wang
- State Key Lab of Respiratory Disease, Protein Modification and Degradation Lab, Departments of Pathophysiology and Biochemistry, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong 510182, China; Division of Basic Biomedical Sciences, Sanford School of Medicine of the University of South Dakota, Vermillion, South Dakota 57069, USA
| | - Jinbao Liu
- State Key Lab of Respiratory Disease, Protein Modification and Degradation Lab, Departments of Pathophysiology and Biochemistry, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong 510182, China
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19
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Long ZJ, Wang LX, Zheng FM, Chen JJ, Luo Y, Tu XX, Lin DJ, Lu G, Liu Q. A novel compound against oncogenic Aurora kinase A overcomes imatinib resistance in chronic myeloid leukemia cells. Int J Oncol 2015; 46:2488-96. [PMID: 25872528 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2015.2960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2014] [Accepted: 01/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug resistance still represents a major obstacle to successful chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) treatment and novel compounds or strategies to override this challenging problem are urgently required. Here, we evaluated a novel compound AKI603 against oncogenic Aurora kinase A (Aur-A) in imatinib-resistant CML cells. We found that Aur-A was highly activated in imatinib-resistant KBM5-T315I cells. AKI603 significantly inhibited the phosphorylation of Aur-A kinase at Thr288, while had little inhibitory effect on BCR-ABL kinase in both KBM5 and KBM5-T315I cells. AKI603 inhibited cell viability, and induced cell cycle arrest with polyploidy accumulation in KBM5 and KBM5-T315I cells. Moreover, inhibition of Aur-A kinase by AKI603 suppressed colony formation capacity without promoting obvious apoptosis. Importantly, AKI603 promoted cell differentiation in both CML cell types. Thus, our study suggested the potential clinical use of small molecule Aurora kinase inhibitor AKI603 to overcome imatinib resistance in CML treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Jie Long
- Department of Hematology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Sun Yat-sen Institute of Hematology, Guangzhou 510630, P.R. China
| | - Le-Xun Wang
- Department of Hematology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Sun Yat-sen Institute of Hematology, Guangzhou 510630, P.R. China
| | - Fei-Meng Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, P.R. China
| | - Jia-Jie Chen
- Department of Hematology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Sun Yat-sen Institute of Hematology, Guangzhou 510630, P.R. China
| | - Yu Luo
- Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, P.R. China
| | - Xi-Xiang Tu
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, P.R. China
| | - Dong-Jun Lin
- Department of Hematology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Sun Yat-sen Institute of Hematology, Guangzhou 510630, P.R. China
| | - Gui Lu
- Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, P.R. China
| | - Quentin Liu
- Department of Hematology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Sun Yat-sen Institute of Hematology, Guangzhou 510630, P.R. China
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20
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Shi X, Chen X, Li X, Lan X, Zhao C, Liu S, Huang H, Liu N, Liao S, Song W, Zhou P, Wang S, Xu L, Wang X, Dou QP, Liu J. Gambogic acid induces apoptosis in imatinib-resistant chronic myeloid leukemia cells via inducing proteasome inhibition and caspase-dependent Bcr-Abl downregulation. Clin Cancer Res 2013; 20:151-63. [PMID: 24334603 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-13-1063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) is characterized by the constitutive activation of Bcr-Abl tyrosine kinase. Bcr-Abl-T315I is the predominant mutation that causes resistance to imatinib, cytotoxic drugs, and the second-generation tyrosine kinase inhibitors. The emergence of imatinib resistance in patients with CML leads to searching for novel approaches to the treatment of CML. Gambogic acid, a small molecule derived from Chinese herb gamboges, has been approved for phase II clinical trial for cancer therapy by the Chinese Food and Drug Administration (FDA). In this study, we investigated the effect of gambogic acid on cell survival or apoptosis in CML cells bearing Bcr-Abl-T315I or wild-type Bcr-Abl. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN CML cell lines (KBM5, KBM5-T315I, and K562), primary cells from patients with CML with clinical resistance to imatinib, and normal monocytes from healthy volunteers were treated with gambogic acid, imatinib, or their combination, followed by measuring the effects on cell growth, apoptosis, and signal pathways. The in vivo antitumor activity of gambogic acid and its combination with imatinib was also assessed with nude xenografts. RESULTS Gambogic acid induced apoptosis and cell proliferation inhibition in CML cells and inhibited the growth of imatinib-resistant Bcr-Abl-T315I xenografts in nude mice. Our data suggest that GA-induced proteasome inhibition is required for caspase activation in both imatinib-resistant and -sensitive CML cells, and caspase activation is required for gambogic acid-induced Bcr-Abl downregulation and apoptotic cell death. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest an alternative strategy to overcome imatinib resistance by enhancing Bcr-Abl downregulation with the medicinal compound gambogic acid, which may have great clinical significance in imatinib-resistant cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianping Shi
- Authors' Affiliations: Protein Modification and Degradation Lab, Departments of Pathophysiology and Biochemistry, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong; Department of Hematology, The People's Hospital of Guangxi Autonomous Region, Nanning, Guangxi, China; Division of Basic Biomedical Sciences, Sanford School of Medicine of the University of South Dakota, Vermillion, South Dakota; and The Molecular Therapeutics Program, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, and Departments of Oncology, Pharmacology and Pathology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan
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21
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Augis V, Airiau K, Josselin M, Turcq B, Mahon FX, Belloc F. A single nucleotide polymorphism in cBIM is associated with a slower achievement of major molecular response in chronic myeloid leukaemia treated with imatinib. PLoS One 2013; 8:e78582. [PMID: 24223824 PMCID: PMC3818406 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0078582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2013] [Accepted: 09/13/2013] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose BIM is essential for the response to tyrosine-kinase inhibitors (TKI) in chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) patients. Recently, a deletion polymorphism in intron 2 of the BIM gene was demonstrated to confer an intrinsic TKI resistance in Asian patients. The present study aimed at identifying mutations in the BIM sequence that could lead to imatinib resistance independently of BCR-ABL mutations. Experimental Design BIM coding sequence analysis was performed in 72 imatinib-treated CML patients from a French population of our centre and in 29 healthy controls (reference population) as a case-control study. Real-time quantitative PCR (RT qPCR) was performed to assess Bim expression in our reference population. Results No mutation with amino-acid change was found in the BIM coding sequence. However, we observed a silent single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) c465C>T (rs724710). A strong statistical link was found between the presence of the T allele and the high Sokal risk group (p = 0.0065). T allele frequency was higher in non responsive patients than in the reference population (p = 0.0049). Similarly, this T allele was associated with the mutation frequency on the tyrosine kinase domain of BCR-ABL (p<0.001) and the presence of the T allele significantly lengthened the time to achieve a major molecular response (MMR). Finally, the presence of the T allele was related to a decreased basal expression of the Bim mRNA in the circulating mononuclear cells of healthy controls. Conclusion These results suggest that the analysis of the c465C>T SNP of BIM could be useful for predicting the outcome of imatinib-treated CML patients.
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MESH Headings
- Adolescent
- Adult
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Alleles
- Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use
- Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins/genetics
- Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins/metabolism
- Bcl-2-Like Protein 11
- Benzamides/therapeutic use
- Biomarkers, Pharmacological/metabolism
- Case-Control Studies
- Child
- Child, Preschool
- Female
- Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl/genetics
- Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl/metabolism
- Gene Expression
- Gene Frequency
- Humans
- Imatinib Mesylate
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/genetics
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/metabolism
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/pathology
- Leukocytes, Mononuclear/cytology
- Leukocytes, Mononuclear/metabolism
- Male
- Membrane Proteins/genetics
- Membrane Proteins/metabolism
- Middle Aged
- Mutation Rate
- Piperazines/therapeutic use
- Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins/genetics
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins/metabolism
- Pyrimidines/therapeutic use
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Augis
- Université Bordeaux Segalen and INSERM U1035 Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
- Laboratoire d’Hématologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
- * E-mail:
| | - Kelly Airiau
- Université Bordeaux Segalen and INSERM U1035 Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Marina Josselin
- Université Bordeaux Segalen and INSERM U1035 Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Béatrice Turcq
- Université Bordeaux Segalen and INSERM U1035 Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - François-Xavier Mahon
- Université Bordeaux Segalen and INSERM U1035 Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
- Laboratoire d’Hématologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
- Service des maladies du Sang, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Francis Belloc
- Université Bordeaux Segalen and INSERM U1035 Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
- Laboratoire d’Hématologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
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PI3K/mTOR pathway inhibitors sensitize chronic myeloid leukemia stem cells to nilotinib and restore the response of progenitors to nilotinib in the presence of stem cell factor. Cell Death Dis 2013; 4:e827. [PMID: 24091670 PMCID: PMC3824646 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2013.309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2013] [Revised: 06/28/2013] [Accepted: 07/15/2013] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Nilotinib is a second-generation tyrosine kinase inhibitor, designed to specifically inhibit break-point cluster region (BCR)-Abelson (ABL) and developed to treat chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) in patients showing a resistance to imatinib. We previously demonstrated that nilotinib-induced apoptosis was reduced by stem cell factor (SCF) addition. Here, the SCF-activated survival pathway was investigated. BCR-ABL expression was accompanied by the activation of the SCF receptor: c-KIT. Nilotinib inhibited this activation that was restored by SCF binding. Parallel variations were observed for mammaliam target of rapamycin (mTOR) kinase and mTOR complex 1 substrate S6K. The inhibition of mTORC1 restored the response of BCR-ABL cell lines to nilotinib in the presence of SCF. PI3K inhibition restored nilotinib-induced apoptosis. On hematopoietic progenitors from CML patient's bone marrows, mTORC1 inhibition also restored nilotinib sensitivity in the presence of SCF, confirming its involvement in SCF-activated survival pathway. However, this pathway seems not to be involved in the nilotinib-induced resistance of the CML stem cell population. Conversely, PI3K inhibition sensitized both CML progenitors and stem cells to nilotinib, suggesting that, downstream PI3K, two different kinase pathways are activated in CML progenitor and stem cell populations.
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23
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Silva KL, de Souza PS, Nestal de Moraes G, Moellmann-Coelho A, Vasconcelos FDC, Maia RC. XIAP and P-glycoprotein co-expression is related to imatinib resistance in chronic myeloid leukemia cells. Leuk Res 2013; 37:1350-8. [PMID: 23891189 DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2013.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2012] [Revised: 05/06/2013] [Accepted: 06/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
P-glycoprotein (Pgp) and XIAP co-expression has been discussed in the process of the acquisition of multidrug resistance (MDR) in cancer. Here, we evaluated XIAP and Pgp expression in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) samples, showing a positive correlation between them. Furthermore, we evaluated the effects of imatinib in XIAP and Pgp expression using CML cell lines K562 (Pgp(-)) and K562-Lucena (Pgp(+)). Imatinib increased XIAP and Pgp expression in K562-Lucena cells, while in K562 cells a downregulation of these proteins was observed, suggesting that imatinib induces an increment of MDR phenotype of CML cells that previously exhibit high levels of Pgp/XIAP co-expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina Lani Silva
- Laboratório de Hemato-Oncologia Celular e Molecular, Programa de Hemato-Oncologia Molecular, Coordenação Geral Técnico-Científica, Instituto Nacional de Câncer and Programa de Pós-Graduação em Oncologia/INCA, Brazil
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Harb JG, Neviani P, Chyla BJ, Ellis JJ, Ferenchak GJ, Oaks JJ, Walker CJ, Hokland P, Roy DC, Caligiuri MA, Marcucci G, Huettner CS, Perrotti D. Bcl-xL anti-apoptotic network is dispensable for development and maintenance of CML but is required for disease progression where it represents a new therapeutic target. Leukemia 2013; 27:1996-2005. [PMID: 23670294 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2013.151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2012] [Revised: 04/16/2013] [Accepted: 05/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The dismal outcome of blast crisis chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML-BC) patients underscores the need for a better understanding of the mechanisms responsible for the development of drug resistance. Altered expression of the anti-apoptoticBcl-xL has been correlated with BCR-ABL leukemogenesis; however, its involvement in the pathogenesis and evolution of CML has not been formally demonstrated yet. Thus, we generated an inducible mouse model in which simultaneous expression of p210-BCR-ABL1 and deletion of bcl-x occurs within hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells. Absence of Bcl-xL did not affect development of the chronic phase-like myeloproliferative disease, but none of the deficient mice progressed to an advanced phenotype, suggesting the importance of Bcl-xL in survival of progressing early progenitor cells. Indeed, pharmacological antagonism of Bcl-xL, with ABT-263, combined with PP242-induced activation of BAD markedly augmented apoptosis of CML-BC cell lines and primary CD34(+) progenitors but not those from healthy donors, regardless of drug resistance induced by bone marrow stromal cell-generated signals. Moreover, studies in which BAD or Bcl-xL expression was molecularly altered strongly support their involvement in ABT-263/PP242-induced apoptosis of CML-BC progenitors. Thus, suppression of the antiapoptotic potential of Bcl-xL together with BAD activation represents an effective pharmacological approach for patients undergoing blastic transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- J G Harb
- 1] Human Cancer Genetics Program, Department Molecular Virology Immunology and Medical Genetics, Columbus, OH, USA [2] Blood Center of Wisconsin, Blood Research Institute, Milwaukee, WI, USA
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Crews LA, Jamieson CHM. Selective elimination of leukemia stem cells: hitting a moving target. Cancer Lett 2012; 338:15-22. [PMID: 22906415 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2012.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2012] [Revised: 07/27/2012] [Accepted: 08/07/2012] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Despite the widespread use of chemotherapeutic cytotoxic agents that eradicate proliferating cell populations, patients suffering from a wide variety of malignancies continue to relapse as a consequence of resistance to standard therapies. In hematologic malignancies, leukemia stem cells (LSCs) represent a malignant reservoir of disease that is believed to drive relapse and resistance to chemotherapy and tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKIs). Major research efforts in recent years have been aimed at identifying and characterizing the LSC population in leukemias, such as chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), which represents an important paradigm for understanding the molecular evolution of cancer. However, the precise molecular mechanisms that promote LSC-mediated therapeutic recalcitrance have remained elusive. It has become clear that the LSC population evolves during disease progression, thus presenting a serious challenge for development of effective therapeutic strategies. Multiple reports have demonstrated that LSC initiation and propagation occurs as a result of aberrant activation of pro-survival and self-renewal pathways regulated by stem-cell related signaling molecules including β-catenin and Sonic Hedgehog (Shh). Enhanced survival in LSC protective microenvironments, such as the bone marrow niche, as well as acquired dormancy of cells in these niches, also contributes to LSC persistence. Key components of these cell-intrinsic and cell-extrinsic pathways provide novel potential targets for therapies aimed at eradicating this dynamic and therapeutically recalcitrant LSC population. Furthermore, combination strategies that exploit LSC have the potential to dramatically improve the quality and quantity of life for patients that are resistant to current therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leslie A Crews
- Department of Medicine, Stem Cell Program and Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
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Stamelos VA, Redman CW, Richardson A. Understanding sensitivity to BH3 mimetics: ABT-737 as a case study to foresee the complexities of personalized medicine. J Mol Signal 2012; 7:12. [PMID: 22898329 PMCID: PMC3477050 DOI: 10.1186/1750-2187-7-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2012] [Accepted: 07/29/2012] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BH3 mimetics such as ABT-737 and navitoclax bind to the BCL-2 family of proteins and induce apoptosis through the intrinsic apoptosis pathway. There is considerable variability in the sensitivity of different cells to these drugs. Understanding the molecular basis of this variability will help to determine which patients will benefit from these drugs. Furthermore, this understanding aids in the design of rational strategies to increase the sensitivity of cells which are otherwise resistant to BH3 mimetics. We discuss how the expression of BCL-2 family proteins regulates the sensitivity to ABT-737. One of these, MCL-1, has been widely described as contributing to resistance to ABT-737 which might suggest a poor response in patients with cancers that express levels of MCL-1. In some cases, resistance to ABT-737 conferred by MCL-1 is overcome by the expression of pro-apoptotic proteins that bind to apoptosis inhibitors such as MCL-1. However, the distribution of the pro-apoptotic proteins amongst the various apoptosis inhibitors also influences sensitivity to ABT-737. Furthermore, the expression of both pro- and anti-apoptotic proteins can change dynamically in response to exposure to ABT-737. Thus, there is significant complexity associated with predicting response to ABT-737. This provides a paradigm for the multiplicity of intricate factors that determine drug sensitivity which must be considered for the full implementation of personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasileios A Stamelos
- Institute for Science and Technology in Medicine & School of Pharmacy, Guy Hilton Research Centre, Keele University, Thornburrow Drive, Stoke-on-Trent, Keele, ST4 7QB, UK.
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The Interface between BCR-ABL-Dependent and -Independent Resistance Signaling Pathways in Chronic Myeloid Leukemia. LEUKEMIA RESEARCH AND TREATMENT 2012; 2012:671702. [PMID: 23259070 PMCID: PMC3505928 DOI: 10.1155/2012/671702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2011] [Accepted: 02/10/2012] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a clonal hematopoietic disorder characterized by the presence of the Philadelphia chromosome which resulted from the reciprocal translocation between chromosomes 9 and 22. The pathogenesis of CML involves the constitutive activation of the BCR-ABL tyrosine kinase, which governs malignant disease by activating multiple signal transduction pathways. The BCR-ABL kinase inhibitor, imatinib, is the front-line treatment for CML, but the emergence of imatinib resistance and other tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) has called attention for additional resistance mechanisms and has led to the search for alternative drug treatments. In this paper, we discuss our current understanding of mechanisms, related or unrelated to BCR-ABL, which have been shown to account for chemoresistance and treatment failure. We focus on the potential role of the influx and efflux transporters, the inhibitor of apoptosis proteins, and transcription factor-mediated signals as feasible molecular targets to overcome the development of TKIs resistance in CML.
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