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Gründemann D, Hartmann L, Flögel S. The Ergothioneine Transporter (ETT): Substrates and Locations, an Inventory. FEBS Lett 2021; 596:1252-1269. [PMID: 34958679 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
In all vertebrates including mammals, the ergothioneine transporter ETT (obsolete name OCTN1; human gene symbol SLC22A4) is a powerful and highly specific transporter for the uptake of ergothioneine (ET). ETT is not expressed ubiquitously and only cells with high ETT cell-surface levels can accumulate ET to high concentration. Without ETT, there is no uptake because the plasma membrane is essentially impermeable to this hydrophilic zwitterion. Here, we review the substrate specificity and localization of ETT, which is prominently expressed in neutrophils, monocytes/macrophages, and developing erythrocytes. Most sites of strong expression are conserved across species, but there are also major differences. In particular, we critically analyze the evidence for the expression of ETT in the brain as well as recent data suggesting that the transporter SLC22A15 may transport also ET. We conclude that, to date, ETT remains the only well-defined biomarker for intracellular ET activity. In humans, the ability to take up, distribute, and retain ET depends principally on this transporter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dirk Gründemann
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Gleueler Straße 24, 50931, Cologne, Germany
| | - Lea Hartmann
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Gleueler Straße 24, 50931, Cologne, Germany
| | - Svenja Flögel
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Gleueler Straße 24, 50931, Cologne, Germany
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3
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Tan G, Meier-Abt F. Differential expression of hydroxyurea transporters in normal and polycythemia vera hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell subpopulations. Exp Hematol 2021; 97:47-56.e5. [PMID: 33677043 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2021.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Polycythemia vera (PV) is a myeloproliferative neoplasm marked by hyperproliferation of the myeloid lineages and the presence of an activating JAK2 mutation. Hydroxyurea (HU) is a standard treatment for high-risk patients with PV. Because disease-driving mechanisms are thought to arise in PV stem cells, effective treatments should target primarily the stem cell compartment. We tested for the antiproliferative effect of patient treatment with HU in fluorescence-activated cell sorting-isolated hematopoietic stem/multipotent progenitor cells (HSC/MPPs) and more committed erythroid progenitors (common myeloid/megakaryocyte-erythrocyte progenitors [CMP/MEPs]) in PV using RNA-sequencing and gene set enrichment analysis. HU treatment led to significant downregulation of gene sets associated with cell proliferation in PV HSCs/MPPs, but not in PV CMP/MEPs. To explore the mechanism underlying this finding, we assessed for expression of solute carrier membrane transporters, which mediate transmembrane movement of drugs such as HU into target cells. The active HU uptake transporter OCTN1 was upregulated in HSC/MPPs compared with CMP/MEPs of untreated patients with PV, and the HU diffusion facilitator urea transporter B (UTB) was downregulated in HSC/MPPs compared with CMP/MEPs in all patient and control groups tested. These findings indicate a higher accumulation of HU within PV HSC/MPPs compared with PV CMP/MEPs and provide an explanation for the differential effects of HU in HSC/MPPs and CMP/MEPs of patients with PV. In general, the findings highlight the importance of transporter expression in linking therapeutics with human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ge Tan
- Functional Genomics Center Zurich, University and ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Fabienne Meier-Abt
- Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, University Hospital Zurich and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Systems Biology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
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4
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Yahouédéhou SCMA, Neres JSDS, da Guarda CC, Carvalho SP, Santiago RP, Figueiredo CVB, Fiuza LM, Ndidi US, de Oliveira RM, Fonseca CA, Nascimento VML, Rocha LC, Adanho CSA, da Rocha TSC, Adorno EV, Goncalves MS. Sickle Cell Anemia: Variants in the CYP2D6, CAT, and SLC14A1 Genes Are Associated With Improved Hydroxyurea Response. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:553064. [PMID: 33013391 PMCID: PMC7510454 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.553064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Differences in hydroxyurea response in sickle cell anemia may arise due to a series of factors with genetic factors appearing to be predominant. This study aims to investigate the effects of single nucleotide polymorphisms in genes encoding drug-metabolizing enzymes and solute carriers on hydroxyurea response, in patients with sickle cell anemia. For that purpose, a total number of 90 patients with sickle cell anemia were recruited, 45 were undergoing hydroxyurea treatment, while 45 were not under the treatment. Association analyses were performed between CYP3A4 (rs2740574), CYP2D6 (rs3892097), CAT (rs7943316 and rs1001179), and SLC14A1 (rs2298720) variants and laboratory parameters. According to our findings, patients with hydroxyurea treatment demonstrated higher HbF levels and a significant improvement in hemolytic, hepatic, inflammatory, and lipid parameters in comparison to those without the treatment. We also found significant associations between the CYP2D6 (rs3892097), CAT (rs7943316 and rs1001179), and SLC14A1 (rs2298720) variants and an improvement of the therapeutic effects, specifically the hemolytic, hepatic, inflammatory, lipid, and renal parameters. In conclusion, our results highlight the importance of the investigated variants, and their strong association with hydroxyurea efficacy in patients with sickle cell anemia, which may be considered in the future as genetic markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sètondji Cocou Modeste Alexandre Yahouédéhou
- Laboratório de Investigação em Genética e Hematologia Translacional, Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Salvador, Brazil.,Laboratório de Pesquisa em Anemia, Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | | | - Caroline Conceição da Guarda
- Laboratório de Investigação em Genética e Hematologia Translacional, Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Salvador, Brazil.,Laboratório de Pesquisa em Anemia, Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Suellen Pinheiro Carvalho
- Laboratório de Investigação em Genética e Hematologia Translacional, Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Salvador, Brazil.,Laboratório de Pesquisa em Anemia, Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Rayra Pereira Santiago
- Laboratório de Investigação em Genética e Hematologia Translacional, Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Salvador, Brazil.,Laboratório de Pesquisa em Anemia, Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Camylla Vilas Boas Figueiredo
- Laboratório de Investigação em Genética e Hematologia Translacional, Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Salvador, Brazil.,Laboratório de Pesquisa em Anemia, Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Luciana Magalhães Fiuza
- Laboratório de Investigação em Genética e Hematologia Translacional, Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Salvador, Brazil.,Laboratório de Pesquisa em Anemia, Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | | | - Rodrigo Mota de Oliveira
- Laboratório de Investigação em Genética e Hematologia Translacional, Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Salvador, Brazil.,Laboratório de Pesquisa em Anemia, Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Cleverson Alves Fonseca
- Laboratório de Pesquisa em Anemia, Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Elisângela Vitória Adorno
- Laboratório de Pesquisa em Anemia, Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Marilda Souza Goncalves
- Laboratório de Investigação em Genética e Hematologia Translacional, Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Salvador, Brazil.,Laboratório de Pesquisa em Anemia, Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
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