1
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Yokomizo T. Hematopoietic cluster formation: an essential prelude to blood cell genesis. Exp Hematol 2024:104284. [PMID: 39032856 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2024.104284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2024] [Revised: 07/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
Adult blood cells are produced in the bone marrow by hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), the origin of which can be traced back to fetal developmental stages. Indeed, during mouse development, at days 10-11 of gestation, the aorta-gonad-mesonephros (AGM) region is a primary site of HSC production, with characteristic cell clusters related to stem cell genesis observed in the dorsal aorta. Similar clusters linked with hematopoiesis are also observed in the other sites such as the yolk sac and placenta. In this review, I outline the formation and function of these clusters, focusing on the well-characterized intra-aortic hematopoietic clusters (IAHCs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomomasa Yokomizo
- Microscopic and Developmental Anatomy, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan.
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2
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Clements WK, Khoury H. The molecular and cellular hematopoietic stem cell specification niche. Exp Hematol 2024; 136:104280. [PMID: 39009276 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2024.104280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Revised: 07/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024]
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are a population of tissue-specific stem cells that reside in the bone marrow of adult mammals, where they self-renew and continuously regenerate the adult hematopoietic lineages over the life of the individual. Prominence as a stem cell model and clinical usefulness have driven interest in understanding the physiologic processes that lead to the specification of HSCs during embryonic development. High-efficiency directed differentiation of HSCs by the instruction of defined progenitor cells using sequentially defined instructive molecules and conditions remains impossible, indicating that comprehensive knowledge of the complete set of precursor intermediate identities and required inductive inputs remains incompletely understood. Recently, interest in the molecular and cellular microenvironment where HSCs are specified from endothelial precursors-the "specification niche"-has increased. Here we review recent progress in understanding these niche spaces across vertebrate phyla, as well as how a better characterization of the origin and molecular phenotypes of the niche cell populations has helped inform and complicate previous understanding of signaling required for HSC emergence and maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wilson K Clements
- Department of Hematology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN.
| | - Hanane Khoury
- Department of Hematology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
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3
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Torcq L, Majello S, Vivier C, Schmidt AA. Tuning apicobasal polarity and junctional recycling in the hemogenic endothelium orchestrates the morphodynamic complexity of emerging pre-hematopoietic stem cells. eLife 2024; 12:RP91429. [PMID: 38809590 PMCID: PMC11136496 DOI: 10.7554/elife.91429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells emerge in the embryo from an aortic-derived tissue called the hemogenic endothelium (HE). The HE appears to give birth to cells of different nature and fate but the molecular principles underlying this complexity are largely unknown. Here we show, in the zebrafish embryo, that two cell types emerge from the aortic floor with radically different morphodynamics. With the support of live imaging, we bring evidence suggesting that the mechanics underlying the two emergence types rely, or not, on apicobasal polarity establishment. While the first type is characterized by reinforcement of apicobasal polarity and maintenance of the apical/luminal membrane until release, the second type emerges via a dynamic process reminiscent of trans-endothelial migration. Interfering with Runx1 function suggests that the balance between the two emergence types depends on tuning apicobasal polarity at the level of the HE. In support of this and unexpectedly, we show that Pard3ba - one of the four Pard3 proteins expressed in the zebrafish - is sensitive to interference with Runx1 activity, in aortic endothelial cells. This supports the idea of a signaling cross talk controlling cell polarity and its associated features, between aortic and hemogenic cells. In addition, using new transgenic fish lines that express Junctional Adhesion Molecules and functional interference, we bring evidence for the essential role of ArhGEF11/PDZ-RhoGEF in controlling the HE-endothelial cell dynamic interface, including cell-cell intercalation, which is ultimately required for emergence completion. Overall, we highlight critical cellular and dynamic events of the endothelial-to-hematopoietic transition that support emergence complexity, with a potential impact on cell fate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Léa Torcq
- Department of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris CitéParisFrance
- Sorbonne UniversitéParisFrance
| | - Sara Majello
- Department of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris CitéParisFrance
| | - Catherine Vivier
- Department of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris CitéParisFrance
| | - Anne A Schmidt
- Department of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris CitéParisFrance
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4
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Liu H, Ishikawa-Ankerhold H, Winterhalter J, Lorenz M, Vladymyrov M, Massberg S, Schulz C, Orban M. Multiphoton In Vivo Microscopy of Embryonic Thrombopoiesis Reveals the Generation of Platelets through Budding. Cells 2023; 12:2411. [PMID: 37830625 PMCID: PMC10572188 DOI: 10.3390/cells12192411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Platelets are generated by specialized cells called megakaryocytes (MKs). However, MK's origin and platelet release mode have remained incompletely understood. Here, we established direct visualization of embryonic thrombopoiesis in vivo by combining multiphoton intravital microscopy (MP-IVM) with a fluorescence switch reporter mouse model under control of the platelet factor 4 promoter (Pf4CreRosa26mTmG). Using this microscopy tool, we discovered that fetal liver MKs provide higher thrombopoietic activity than yolk sac MKs. Mechanistically, fetal platelets were released from MKs either by membrane buds or the formation of proplatelets, with the former constituting the key process. In E14.5 c-Myb-deficient embryos that lack definitive hematopoiesis, MK and platelet numbers were similar to wild-type embryos, indicating the independence of embryonic thrombopoiesis from definitive hematopoiesis at this stage of development. In summary, our novel MP-IVM protocol allows the characterization of thrombopoiesis with high spatio-temporal resolution in the mouse embryo and has identified membrane budding as the main mechanism of fetal platelet production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Liu
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Ludwig Maximilians University, 81377 Munich, Germany; (H.L.); (H.I.-A.); (J.W.); (M.L.); (S.M.)
| | - Hellen Ishikawa-Ankerhold
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Ludwig Maximilians University, 81377 Munich, Germany; (H.L.); (H.I.-A.); (J.W.); (M.L.); (S.M.)
| | - Julia Winterhalter
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Ludwig Maximilians University, 81377 Munich, Germany; (H.L.); (H.I.-A.); (J.W.); (M.L.); (S.M.)
| | - Michael Lorenz
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Ludwig Maximilians University, 81377 Munich, Germany; (H.L.); (H.I.-A.); (J.W.); (M.L.); (S.M.)
| | - Mykhailo Vladymyrov
- Laboratory for High Energy Physics (LHEP), Albert Einstein Center for Fundamental Physics, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland;
- Theodor Kocher Institute, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
- Data Science Lab, Mathematical Institute, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Steffen Massberg
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Ludwig Maximilians University, 81377 Munich, Germany; (H.L.); (H.I.-A.); (J.W.); (M.L.); (S.M.)
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, 80802 Munich, Germany
| | - Christian Schulz
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Ludwig Maximilians University, 81377 Munich, Germany; (H.L.); (H.I.-A.); (J.W.); (M.L.); (S.M.)
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, 80802 Munich, Germany
| | - Mathias Orban
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Ludwig Maximilians University, 81377 Munich, Germany; (H.L.); (H.I.-A.); (J.W.); (M.L.); (S.M.)
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, 80802 Munich, Germany
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5
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Calvanese V, Mikkola HKA. The genesis of human hematopoietic stem cells. Blood 2023; 142:519-532. [PMID: 37339578 PMCID: PMC10447622 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2022017934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Developmental hematopoiesis consists of multiple, partially overlapping hematopoietic waves that generate the differentiated blood cells required for embryonic development while establishing a pool of undifferentiated hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) for postnatal life. This multilayered design in which active hematopoiesis migrates through diverse extra and intraembryonic tissues has made it difficult to define a roadmap for generating HSCs vs non-self-renewing progenitors, especially in humans. Recent single-cell studies have helped in identifying the rare human HSCs at stages when functional assays are unsuitable for distinguishing them from progenitors. This approach has made it possible to track the origin of human HSCs to the unique type of arterial endothelium in the aorta-gonad-mesonephros region and document novel benchmarks for HSC migration and maturation in the conceptus. These studies have delivered new insights into the intricate process of HSC generation and provided tools to inform the in vitro efforts to replicate the physiological developmental journey from pluripotent stem cells via distinct mesodermal and endothelial intermediates to HSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Calvanese
- Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Hanna K. A. Mikkola
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
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6
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Abstract
Historically, the immune system was believed to develop along a linear axis of maturity from fetal life to adulthood. Now, it is clear that distinct layers of immune cells are generated from unique waves of hematopoietic progenitors during different windows of development. This model, known as the layered immune model, has provided a useful framework for understanding why distinct lineages of B cells and γδ T cells arise in succession and display unique functions in adulthood. However, the layered immune model has not been applied to CD8+ T cells, which are still often viewed as a uniform population of cells belonging to the same lineage, with functional differences between cells arising from environmental factors encountered during infection. Recent studies have challenged this idea, demonstrating that not all CD8+ T cells are created equally and that the functions of individual CD8+ T cells in adults are linked to when they were created in the host. In this review, we discuss the accumulating evidence suggesting there are distinct ontogenetic subpopulations of CD8+ T cells and propose that the layered immune model be extended to the CD8+ T cell compartment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cybelle Tabilas
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
- Co-first author
| | - Norah L. Smith
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
- Co-first author
| | - Brian D. Rudd
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
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7
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Mendoza-Castrejon J, Magee JA. Layered immunity and layered leukemogenicity: Developmentally restricted mechanisms of pediatric leukemia initiation. Immunol Rev 2023; 315:197-215. [PMID: 36588481 PMCID: PMC10301262 DOI: 10.1111/imr.13180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and multipotent progenitor cells (MPPs) arise in successive waves during ontogeny, and their properties change significantly throughout life. Ontological changes in HSCs/MPPs underlie corresponding changes in mechanisms of pediatric leukemia initiation. As HSCs and MPPs progress from fetal to neonatal, juvenile and adult stages of life, they undergo transcriptional and epigenetic reprogramming that modifies immune output to meet age-specific pathogenic challenges. Some immune cells arise exclusively from fetal HSCs/MPPs. We propose that this layered immunity instructs cell fates that underlie a parallel layered leukemogenicity. Indeed, some pediatric leukemias, such as juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia, myeloid leukemia of Down syndrome, and infant pre-B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia, are age-restricted. They only present during infancy or early childhood. These leukemias likely arise from fetal progenitors that lose competence for transformation as they age. Other childhood leukemias, such as non-infant pre-B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia and acute myeloid leukemia, have mutation profiles that are common in childhood but rare in morphologically similar adult leukemias. These differences could reflect temporal changes in mechanisms of mutagenesis or changes in how progenitors respond to a given mutation at different ages. Interactions between leukemogenic mutations and normal developmental switches offer potential targets for therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonny Mendoza-Castrejon
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Ave, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Jeffrey A. Magee
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Ave, St. Louis, MO 63110
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Ave, St. Louis, MO 63110
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8
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Kobayashi M, Wei H, Yamanashi T, Azevedo Portilho N, Cornelius S, Valiente N, Nishida C, Cheng H, Latorre A, Zheng WJ, Kang J, Seita J, Shih DJ, Wu JQ, Yoshimoto M. HSC-independent definitive hematopoiesis persists into adult life. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112239. [PMID: 36906851 PMCID: PMC10122268 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/13/2023] Open
Abstract
It is widely believed that hematopoiesis after birth is established by hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) in the bone marrow and that HSC-independent hematopoiesis is limited only to primitive erythro-myeloid cells and tissue-resident innate immune cells arising in the embryo. Here, surprisingly, we find that significant percentages of lymphocytes are not derived from HSCs, even in 1-year-old mice. Instead, multiple waves of hematopoiesis occur from embryonic day 7.5 (E7.5) to E11.5 endothelial cells, which simultaneously produce HSCs and lymphoid progenitors that constitute many layers of adaptive T and B lymphocytes in adult mice. Additionally, HSC lineage tracing reveals that the contribution of fetal liver HSCs to peritoneal B-1a cells is minimal and that the majority of B-1a cells are HSC independent. Our discovery of extensive HSC-independent lymphocytes in adult mice attests to the complex blood developmental dynamics spanning the embryo-to-adult transition and challenges the paradigm of HSCs exclusively underpinning the postnatal immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michihiro Kobayashi
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Brown Institute of Molecular Medicine, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Haichao Wei
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Brown Institute of Molecular Medicine, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA; The Vivian L. Smith Department of Neurosurgery, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Takashi Yamanashi
- Advanced Data Science Project, RIKEN Information R&D and Strategy Headquarters, Tokyo 103-0027, Japan; Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, RIKEN, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Nathalia Azevedo Portilho
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Brown Institute of Molecular Medicine, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Samuel Cornelius
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Brown Institute of Molecular Medicine, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Noemi Valiente
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Brown Institute of Molecular Medicine, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Chika Nishida
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Brown Institute of Molecular Medicine, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Haizi Cheng
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Brown Institute of Molecular Medicine, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Augusto Latorre
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Brown Institute of Molecular Medicine, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - W Jim Zheng
- School of Biomedical Informatics, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Joonsoo Kang
- Department of Pathology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655, USA
| | - Jun Seita
- Advanced Data Science Project, RIKEN Information R&D and Strategy Headquarters, Tokyo 103-0027, Japan; Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, RIKEN, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - David J Shih
- School of Biomedical Informatics, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA; School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Jia Qian Wu
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Brown Institute of Molecular Medicine, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA; The Vivian L. Smith Department of Neurosurgery, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA; MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Momoko Yoshimoto
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Brown Institute of Molecular Medicine, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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9
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Abstract
Traditional models of lymphopoiesis present B and T cell development as a linear process that initiates in the fetus and continues after birth in the bone marrow and thymus, respectively. However, this view of lymphocyte development is not in accord with reports, dating back several decades, indicating that the types of lymphocytes generated before and after birth differ. In this regard, selected γδ T cells, and those that utilize the Vγ3 receptor in particular, and innate-like B-1 B cells preferentially arise during fetal blood cell development. This review synthesizes data from multiple laboratories, with an emphasis on our own work using mouse models, demonstrating that innate and conventional B and T cells emerge in hematopoietic stem cell independent and dependent waves of development that are differentially regulated. This layering of lymphocyte development has implications for understanding the composition of the adult immune system and may provide insights into the origin of various lymphocytic leukemias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Encarnacion Montecino-Rodriguez
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Kenneth Dorshkind
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
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10
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Lyadova I, Vasiliev A. Macrophages derived from pluripotent stem cells: prospective applications and research gaps. Cell Biosci 2022; 12:96. [PMID: 35725499 PMCID: PMC9207879 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-022-00824-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) represent a valuable cell source able to give rise to different cell types of the body. Among the various pathways of iPSC differentiation, the differentiation into macrophages is a recently developed and rapidly growing technique. Macrophages play a key role in the control of host homeostasis. Their dysfunction underlies many diseases, including hereditary, infectious, oncological, metabolic and other disorders. Targeting macrophage activity and developing macrophage-based cell therapy represent promising tools for the treatment of many pathological conditions. Macrophages generated from human iPSCs (iMphs) provide great opportunities in these areas. The generation of iMphs is based on a step-wise differentiation of iPSCs into mesoderm, hematopoietic progenitors, myeloid monocyte-like cells and macrophages. The technique allows to obtain standardizable populations of human macrophages from any individual, scale up macrophage production and introduce genetic modifications, which gives significant advantages over the standard source of human macrophages, monocyte-derived macrophages. The spectrum of iMph applications is rapidly growing. iMphs have been successfully used to model hereditary diseases and macrophage-pathogen interactions, as well as to test drugs. iMph use for cell therapy is another promising and rapidly developing area of research. The principles and the details of iMph generation have recently been reviewed. This review systemizes current and prospective iMph applications and discusses the problem of iMph safety and other issues that need to be explored before iMphs become clinically applicable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Lyadova
- Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology of RAS, Moscow, Russian Federation.
| | - Andrei Vasiliev
- Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology of RAS, Moscow, Russian Federation
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11
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Watt SM, Hua P, Roberts I. Increasing Complexity of Molecular Landscapes in Human Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cells during Development and Aging. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23073675. [PMID: 35409034 PMCID: PMC8999121 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23073675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The past five decades have seen significant progress in our understanding of human hematopoiesis. This has in part been due to the unprecedented development of advanced technologies, which have allowed the identification and characterization of rare subsets of human hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells and their lineage trajectories from embryonic through to adult life. Additionally, surrogate in vitro and in vivo models, although not fully recapitulating human hematopoiesis, have spurred on these scientific advances. These approaches have heightened our knowledge of hematological disorders and diseases and have led to their improved diagnosis and therapies. Here, we review human hematopoiesis at each end of the age spectrum, during embryonic and fetal development and on aging, providing exemplars of recent progress in deciphering the increasingly complex cellular and molecular hematopoietic landscapes in health and disease. This review concludes by highlighting links between chronic inflammation and metabolic and epigenetic changes associated with aging and in the development of clonal hematopoiesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne M. Watt
- Stem Cell Research, Nuffield Division of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9BQ, UK
- Myeloma Research Laboratory, Adelaide Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, North Terrace, Adelaide 5005, Australia
- Cancer Program, Precision Medicine Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide 5001, Australia
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +61-403-393-755
| | - Peng Hua
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China;
| | - Irene Roberts
- MRC Molecular Haematology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, and NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre Haematology Theme, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK;
- Department of Paediatrics and NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre Haematology Theme, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
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12
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Hadland B, Varnum-Finney B, Dozono S, Dignum T, Nourigat-McKay C, Heck AM, Ishida T, Jackson DL, Itkin T, Butler JM, Rafii S, Trapnell C, Bernstein ID. Engineering a niche supporting hematopoietic stem cell development using integrated single-cell transcriptomics. Nat Commun 2022; 13:1584. [PMID: 35332125 PMCID: PMC8948249 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-28781-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) develop from hemogenic endothelium within embryonic arterial vessels such as the aorta of the aorta-gonad-mesonephros region (AGM). To identify the signals responsible for HSC formation, here we use single cell RNA-sequencing to simultaneously analyze the transcriptional profiles of AGM-derived cells transitioning from hemogenic endothelium to HSCs, and AGM-derived endothelial cells which provide signals sufficient to support HSC maturation and self-renewal. Pseudotemporal ordering reveals dynamics of gene expression during the hemogenic endothelium to HSC transition, identifying surface receptors specifically expressed on developing HSCs. Transcriptional profiling of niche endothelial cells identifies corresponding ligands, including those signaling to Notch receptors, VLA-4 integrin, and CXCR4, which, when integrated in an engineered platform, are sufficient to support the generation of engrafting HSCs. These studies provide a transcriptional map of the signaling interactions necessary for the development of HSCs and advance the goal of engineering HSCs for therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon Hadland
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, 98105, USA.
| | - Barbara Varnum-Finney
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Stacey Dozono
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Tessa Dignum
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Cynthia Nourigat-McKay
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Adam M Heck
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Takashi Ishida
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Dana L Jackson
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, 98105, USA
| | - Tomer Itkin
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Ansary Stem Cell Institute, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, 10021, USA
| | - Jason M Butler
- Center for Discovery and Innovation, Hackensack University Medical Center, Nutley, NJ, 07110, USA
| | - Shahin Rafii
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Ansary Stem Cell Institute, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, 10021, USA
| | - Cole Trapnell
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, 98105, USA
| | - Irwin D Bernstein
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, 98105, USA
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13
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One Size Does Not Fit All: Heterogeneity in Developmental Hematopoiesis. Cells 2022; 11:cells11061061. [PMID: 35326511 PMCID: PMC8947200 DOI: 10.3390/cells11061061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Our knowledge of the complexity of the developing hematopoietic system has dramatically expanded over the course of the last few decades. We now know that, while hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) firmly reside at the top of the adult hematopoietic hierarchy, multiple HSC-independent progenitor populations play variegated and fundamental roles during fetal life, which reflect on adult physiology and can lead to disease if subject to perturbations. The importance of obtaining a high-resolution picture of the mechanisms by which the developing embryo establishes a functional hematopoietic system is demonstrated by many recent indications showing that ontogeny is a primary determinant of function of multiple critical cell types. This review will specifically focus on exploring the diversity of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells unique to embryonic and fetal life. We will initially examine the evidence demonstrating heterogeneity within the hemogenic endothelium, precursor to all definitive hematopoietic cells. Next, we will summarize the dynamics and characteristics of the so-called "hematopoietic waves" taking place during vertebrate development. For each of these waves, we will define the cellular identities of their components, the extent and relevance of their respective contributions as well as potential drivers of heterogeneity.
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14
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Endothelial MEKK3-KLF2/4 signaling integrates inflammatory and hemodynamic signals during definitive hematopoiesis. Blood 2022; 139:2942-2957. [PMID: 35245372 PMCID: PMC9101247 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2021013934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) that produce blood for the lifetime of an animal arise from RUNX1+ hemogenic endothelial cells (HECs) in the embryonic vasculature through a process of endothelial-to-hematopoietic transition (EHT). Studies have identified inflammatory mediators and fluid shear forces as critical environmental stimuli for EHT, raising the question of how such diverse inputs are integrated to drive HEC specification. Endothelial cell MEKK3-KLF2/4 signaling can be activated by both fluid shear forces and inflammatory mediators, and plays roles in cardiovascular development and disease that have been linked to both stimuli. Here we demonstrate that MEKK3 and KLF2/4 are required in endothelial cells for the specification of RUNX1+ HECs in both the yolk sac and dorsal aorta of the mouse embryo and for their transition to intra-aortic hematopoietic cluster cells (IAHCs). The inflammatory mediators lipopolysaccharide and interferon gamma increase RUNX1+ HECs in an MEKK3-dependent manner. Maternal administration of catecholamines that stimulate embryo cardiac function and accelerate yolk sac vascular remodeling increases EHT by wild-type but not MEKK3-deficient endothelium. These findings identify MEKK-KLF2/4 signaling as an essential pathway for EHT and provide a molecular basis for the integration of diverse environmental inputs, such as inflammatory mediators and hemodynamic forces, during definitive hematopoiesis.
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15
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Bennett LF, Mumau MD, Li Y, Speck NA. MyD88-dependent TLR signaling oppositely regulates hematopoietic progenitor and stem cell formation in the embryo. Development 2022; 149:274040. [PMID: 35043940 PMCID: PMC8935211 DOI: 10.1242/dev.200025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Hemogenic endothelial (HE) cells in the dorsal aorta undergo an endothelial-to-hematopoietic transition (EHT) to form multipotent progenitors, lympho-myeloid biased progenitors (LMPs), pre-hematopoietic stem cells (pre-HSCs) and adult-repopulating HSCs. These briefly accumulate in intra-arterial hematopoietic clusters (IAHCs) before being released into the circulation. It is generally assumed that the number of IAHC cells correlates with the number of HSCs. Here, we show that changes in the number of IAHC cells, LMPs and HSCs can be uncoupled. Mutations impairing MyD88-dependent toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling decreased the number of IAHC cells and LMPs, but increased the number of HSCs in the aorta-gonad-mesonephros region of mouse embryos. TLR4-deficient embryos generated normal numbers of HE cells, but IAHC cell proliferation decreased. Loss of MyD88-dependent TLR signaling in innate immune myeloid cells had no effect on IAHC cell numbers. Instead, TLR4 deletion in endothelial cells (ECs) recapitulated the phenotype observed with germline deletion, demonstrating that MyD88-dependent TLR signaling in ECs and/or in IAHCs regulates the numbers of LMPs and HSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura F. Bennett
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute and Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Melanie D. Mumau
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute and Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Institute of Preventive Veterinary Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Nancy A. Speck
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute and Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA,Author for correspondence ()
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16
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Huppert LA, Green MD, Kim L, Chow C, Leyfman Y, Daud AI, Lee JC. Tissue-specific Tregs in cancer metastasis: opportunities for precision immunotherapy. Cell Mol Immunol 2022; 19:33-45. [PMID: 34417572 PMCID: PMC8752797 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-021-00742-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Decades of advancements in immuno-oncology have enabled the development of current immunotherapies, which provide long-term treatment responses in certain metastatic cancer patients. However, cures remain infrequent, and most patients ultimately succumb to treatment-refractory metastatic disease. Recent insights suggest that tumors at certain organ sites exhibit distinctive response patterns to immunotherapy and can even reduce antitumor immunity within anatomically distant tumors, suggesting the activation of tissue-specific immune tolerogenic mechanisms in some cases of therapy resistance. Specialized immune cells known as regulatory T cells (Tregs) are present within all tissues in the body and coordinate the suppression of excessive immune activation to curb autoimmunity and maintain immune homeostasis. Despite the high volume of research on Tregs, the findings have failed to reconcile tissue-specific Treg functions in organs, such as tolerance, tissue repair, and regeneration, with their suppression of local and systemic tumor immunity in the context of immunotherapy resistance. To improve the understanding of how the tissue-specific functions of Tregs impact cancer immunotherapy, we review the specialized role of Tregs in clinically common and challenging organ sites of cancer metastasis, highlight research that describes Treg impacts on tissue-specific and systemic immune regulation in the context of immunotherapy, and summarize ongoing work reporting clinically feasible strategies that combine the specific targeting of Tregs with systemic cancer immunotherapy. Improved knowledge of Tregs in the framework of their tissue-specific biology and clinical sites of organ metastasis will enable more precise targeting of immunotherapy and have profound implications for treating patients with metastatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura A Huppert
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Michael D Green
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Veterans Affairs Ann Arbor Healthcare System, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Luke Kim
- University of California, San Francisco School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Christine Chow
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Yan Leyfman
- Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Adil I Daud
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - James C Lee
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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17
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Otsuka KS, Nielson C, Firpo MA, Park AH, Beaudin AE. Early Life Inflammation and the Developing Hematopoietic and Immune Systems: The Cochlea as a Sensitive Indicator of Disruption. Cells 2021; 10:cells10123596. [PMID: 34944105 PMCID: PMC8700005 DOI: 10.3390/cells10123596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence indicates that perinatal infection and inflammation can influence the developing immune system and may ultimately affect long-term health and disease outcomes in offspring by perturbing tissue and immune homeostasis. We posit that perinatal inflammation influences immune outcomes in offspring by perturbing (1) the development and function of fetal-derived immune cells that regulate tissue development and homeostasis, and (2) the establishment and function of developing hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) that continually generate immune cells across the lifespan. To disentangle the complexities of these interlinked systems, we propose the cochlea as an ideal model tissue to investigate how perinatal infection affects immune, tissue, and stem cell development. The cochlea contains complex tissue architecture and a rich immune milieu that is established during early life. A wide range of congenital infections cause cochlea dysfunction and sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL), likely attributable to early life inflammation. Furthermore, we show that both immune cells and bone marrow hematopoietic progenitors can be simultaneously analyzed within neonatal cochlear samples. Future work investigating the pathogenesis of SNHL in the context of congenital infection will therefore provide critical information on how perinatal inflammation drives disease susceptibility in offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly S. Otsuka
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA;
| | - Christopher Nielson
- Division of Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA; (C.N.); (A.H.P.)
| | - Matthew A. Firpo
- Department of Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA;
| | - Albert H. Park
- Division of Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA; (C.N.); (A.H.P.)
| | - Anna E. Beaudin
- Division of Hematology and Hematologic Malignancies, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
- Correspondence:
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18
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Beaudin AE. Takes one to B1a: Dismantling the origin of mantle cell lymphoma. J Exp Med 2021; 218:e20211482. [PMID: 34529750 PMCID: PMC8449273 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20211482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Therapeutic discovery for mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) has been hindered by a lack of preclinical mouse models that recapitulate human disease. In this issue, Pieters and colleagues (2021. J. Exp. Med.https://doi.org/10.1084/jem.20202280) establish a novel mouse model of MCL driven by overexpression of cyclin D2 and identify fetal-derived B1a cells as putative cell of origin for MCL.
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19
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Dignum T, Varnum-Finney B, Srivatsan SR, Dozono S, Waltner O, Heck AM, Ishida T, Nourigat-McKay C, Jackson DL, Rafii S, Trapnell C, Bernstein ID, Hadland B. Multipotent progenitors and hematopoietic stem cells arise independently from hemogenic endothelium in the mouse embryo. Cell Rep 2021; 36:109675. [PMID: 34525376 PMCID: PMC8478150 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
During embryogenesis, waves of hematopoietic progenitors develop from hemogenic endothelium (HE) prior to the emergence of self-renewing hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). Although previous studies have shown that yolk-sac-derived erythromyeloid progenitors and HSCs emerge from distinct populations of HE, it remains unknown whether the earliest lymphoid-competent progenitors, multipotent progenitors, and HSCs originate from common HE. In this study, we demonstrate by clonal assays and single-cell transcriptomics that rare HE with functional HSC potential in the early murine embryo are distinct from more abundant HE with multilineage hematopoietic potential that fail to generate HSCs. Specifically, HSC-competent HE are characterized by expression of CXCR4 surface marker and by higher expression of genes tied to arterial programs regulating HSC dormancy and self-renewal. Taken together, these findings suggest a revised model of developmental hematopoiesis in which the initial populations of multipotent progenitors and HSCs arise independently from HE with distinct phenotypic and transcriptional properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tessa Dignum
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Barbara Varnum-Finney
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Sanjay R Srivatsan
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98105, USA
| | - Stacey Dozono
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Olivia Waltner
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Adam M Heck
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Takashi Ishida
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Cynthia Nourigat-McKay
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Dana L Jackson
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98105, USA
| | - Shahin Rafii
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Ansary Stem Cell Institute, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Cole Trapnell
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98105, USA
| | - Irwin D Bernstein
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98105, USA
| | - Brandon Hadland
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98105, USA.
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20
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Ulloa BA, Habbsa SS, Potts KS, Lewis A, McKinstry M, Payne SG, Flores JC, Nizhnik A, Feliz Norberto M, Mosimann C, Bowman TV. Definitive hematopoietic stem cells minimally contribute to embryonic hematopoiesis. Cell Rep 2021; 36:109703. [PMID: 34525360 PMCID: PMC8928453 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are rare cells that arise in the embryo
and sustain adult hematopoiesis. Although the functional potential of nascent
HSCs is detectable by transplantation, their native contribution during
development is unknown, in part due to the overlapping genesis and marker gene
expression with other embryonic blood progenitors. Using single-cell
transcriptomics, we define gene signatures that distinguish nascent HSCs from
embryonic blood progenitors. Applying a lineage-tracing approach to selectively
track HSC output in situ, we find significantly delayed
lymphomyeloid contribution. An inducible HSC injury model demonstrates a
negligible impact on larval lymphomyelopoiesis following HSC depletion. HSCs are
not merely dormant at this developmental stage, as they showed robust
regeneration after injury. Combined, our findings illuminate that nascent HSCs
self-renew but display differentiation latency, while HSC-independent embryonic
progenitors sustain developmental hematopoiesis. Understanding these differences
could improve de novo generation and expansion of functional
HSCs. Ulloa et al. demonstrate that nascent HSCs robustly regenerate but
display differentiation latency, while HSC-independent embryonic progenitors
sustain developmental hematopoiesis. Their findings have implications for
dissecting the programs underlying the genesis of bona fide HSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca A Ulloa
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Bronx, NY, USA; Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Gottesman Institute of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Samima S Habbsa
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Bronx, NY, USA; Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Gottesman Institute of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Kathryn S Potts
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Bronx, NY, USA; Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Gottesman Institute of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Alana Lewis
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Bronx, NY, USA; Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Gottesman Institute of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Mia McKinstry
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Bronx, NY, USA; Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Gottesman Institute of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Sara G Payne
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Bronx, NY, USA; Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Gottesman Institute of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Julio C Flores
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Gottesman Institute of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Anastasia Nizhnik
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Bronx, NY, USA; Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Gottesman Institute of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Maria Feliz Norberto
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Bronx, NY, USA; Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Gottesman Institute of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Christian Mosimann
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Developmental Biology, University of Colorado School of Medicine and Children's Hospital Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Teresa V Bowman
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Bronx, NY, USA; Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Gottesman Institute of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA; Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center, Department of Medicine (Oncology), Bronx, NY, USA.
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21
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Azevedo Portilho N, Scarfò R, Bertesago E, Ismailoglu I, Kyba M, Kobayashi M, Ditadi A, Yoshimoto M. B1 lymphocytes develop independently of Notch signaling during mouse embryonic development. Development 2021; 148:271231. [PMID: 34370006 PMCID: PMC8380455 DOI: 10.1242/dev.199373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
B1 lymphocytes are a small but unique component of the innate immune-like cells. However, their ontogenic origin is still a matter of debate. Although it is widely accepted that B1 cells originate early in fetal life, whether or not they arise from hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) is still unclear. In order to shed light on the B1 cell origin, we set out to determine whether their lineage specification is dependent on Notch signaling, which is essential for the HSC generation and, therefore, all derivatives lineages. Using mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs) to recapitulate murine embryonic development, we have studied the requirement for Notch signaling during the earliest B-cell lymphopoiesis and found that Rbpj-deficient mESCs are able to generate B1 cells. Their Notch independence was confirmed in ex vivo experiments using Rbpj-deficient embryos. In addition, we found that upregulation of Notch signaling induced the emergence of B2 lymphoid cells. Taken together, these findings indicate that control of Notch signaling dose is crucial for different B-cell lineage specification from endothelial cells and provides pivotal information for their in vitro generation from PSCs for therapeutic applications. This article has an associated ‘The people behind the papers’ interview. Summary: During development, the first B lymphocytes are produced in the absence of Notch signaling and, thus, independently from HSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalia Azevedo Portilho
- Center for Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Molecular Medicine, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Rebecca Scarfò
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan 20132, Italy
| | - Elisa Bertesago
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan 20132, Italy
| | - Ismail Ismailoglu
- Lillehei Heart Institute and Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.,Genetics and Development Graduate Program, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Michael Kyba
- Lillehei Heart Institute and Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Michihiro Kobayashi
- Center for Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Molecular Medicine, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Andrea Ditadi
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan 20132, Italy
| | - Momoko Yoshimoto
- Center for Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Molecular Medicine, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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22
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Lyadova I, Gerasimova T, Nenasheva T. Macrophages Derived From Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells: The Diversity of Protocols, Future Prospects, and Outstanding Questions. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:640703. [PMID: 34150747 PMCID: PMC8207294 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.640703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages (Mφ) derived from induced pluripotent stem cells (iMphs) represent a novel and promising model for studying human Mφ function and differentiation and developing new therapeutic strategies based on or oriented at Mφs. iMphs have several advantages over the traditionally used human Mφ models, such as immortalized cell lines and monocyte-derived Mφs. The advantages include the possibility of obtaining genetically identical and editable cells in a potentially scalable way. Various applications of iMphs are being developed, and their number is rapidly growing. However, the protocols of iMph differentiation that are currently used vary substantially, which may lead to differences in iMph differentiation trajectories and properties. Standardization of the protocols and identification of minimum required conditions that would allow obtaining iMphs in a large-scale, inexpensive, and clinically suitable mode are needed for future iMph applications. As a first step in this direction, the current review discusses the fundamental basis for the generation of human iMphs, performs a detailed analysis of the generalities and the differences between iMph differentiation protocols currently employed, and discusses the prospects of iMph applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Lyadova
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Basis of Histogenesis, Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
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23
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Canu G, Ruhrberg C. First blood: the endothelial origins of hematopoietic progenitors. Angiogenesis 2021; 24:199-211. [PMID: 33783643 PMCID: PMC8205888 DOI: 10.1007/s10456-021-09783-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Hematopoiesis in vertebrate embryos occurs in temporally and spatially overlapping waves in close proximity to blood vascular endothelial cells. Initially, yolk sac hematopoiesis produces primitive erythrocytes, megakaryocytes, and macrophages. Thereafter, sequential waves of definitive hematopoiesis arise from yolk sac and intraembryonic hemogenic endothelia through an endothelial-to-hematopoietic transition (EHT). During EHT, the endothelial and hematopoietic transcriptional programs are tightly co-regulated to orchestrate a shift in cell identity. In the yolk sac, EHT generates erythro-myeloid progenitors, which upon migration to the liver differentiate into fetal blood cells, including erythrocytes and tissue-resident macrophages. In the dorsal aorta, EHT produces hematopoietic stem cells, which engraft the fetal liver and then the bone marrow to sustain adult hematopoiesis. Recent studies have defined the relationship between the developing vascular and hematopoietic systems in animal models, including molecular mechanisms that drive the hemato-endothelial transcription program for EHT. Moreover, human pluripotent stem cells have enabled modeling of fetal human hematopoiesis and have begun to generate cell types of clinical interest for regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Canu
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, 11-43 Bath Street, London, EC1V 9EL, UK
| | - Christiana Ruhrberg
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, 11-43 Bath Street, London, EC1V 9EL, UK.
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24
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Bunis DG, Bronevetsky Y, Krow-Lucal E, Bhakta NR, Kim CC, Nerella S, Jones N, Mendoza VF, Bryson YJ, Gern JE, Rutishauser RL, Ye CJ, Sirota M, McCune JM, Burt TD. Single-Cell Mapping of Progressive Fetal-to-Adult Transition in Human Naive T Cells. Cell Rep 2021; 34:108573. [PMID: 33406429 PMCID: PMC10263444 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.108573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Revised: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Whereas the human fetal immune system is poised to generate immune tolerance and suppress inflammation in utero, an adult-like immune system emerges to orchestrate anti-pathogen immune responses in post-natal life. It has been posited that cells of the adult immune system arise as a discrete ontological "layer" of hematopoietic stem-progenitor cells (HSPCs) and their progeny; evidence supporting this model in humans has, however, been inconclusive. Here, we combine bulk and single-cell transcriptional profiling of lymphoid cells, myeloid cells, and HSPCs from fetal, perinatal, and adult developmental stages to demonstrate that the fetal-to-adult transition occurs progressively along a continuum of maturity-with a substantial degree of inter-individual variation at the time of birth-rather than via a transition between discrete waves. These findings have important implications for the design of strategies for prophylaxis against infection in the newborn and for the use of umbilical cord blood (UCB) in the setting of transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel G Bunis
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Bakar Computational Health Sciences Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Yelena Bronevetsky
- Division of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Elisabeth Krow-Lucal
- Division of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Nirav R Bhakta
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Charles C Kim
- Division of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Srilaxmi Nerella
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Norman Jones
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Division of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Ventura F Mendoza
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Division of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Yvonne J Bryson
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Mattel Children's Hospital UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - James E Gern
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Rachel L Rutishauser
- Division of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Chun Jimmie Ye
- Bakar Computational Health Sciences Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Institute for Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, San Francisco, CA, USA; Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Marina Sirota
- Bakar Computational Health Sciences Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - Joseph M McCune
- Division of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - Trevor D Burt
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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25
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Cellular Basis of Embryonic Hematopoiesis and Its Implications in Prenatal Erythropoiesis. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21249346. [PMID: 33302450 PMCID: PMC7763178 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21249346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Primitive erythrocytes are the first hematopoietic cells observed during ontogeny and are produced specifically in the yolk sac. Primitive erythrocytes express distinct hemoglobins compared with adult erythrocytes and circulate in the blood in the nucleated form. Hematopoietic stem cells produce adult-type (so-called definitive) erythrocytes. However, hematopoietic stem cells do not appear until the late embryonic/early fetal stage. Recent studies have shown that diverse types of hematopoietic progenitors are present in the yolk sac as well as primitive erythroblasts. Multipotent hematopoietic progenitors that arose in the yolk sac before hematopoietic stem cells emerged likely fill the gap between primitive erythropoiesis and hematopoietic stem-cell-originated definitive erythropoiesis and hematopoiesis. In this review, we discuss the cellular origin of primitive erythropoiesis in the yolk sac and definitive hematopoiesis in the fetal liver. We also describe mechanisms for developmental switches that occur during embryonic and fetal erythropoiesis and hematopoiesis, particularly focusing on recent studies performed in mice.
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26
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Heck AM, Ishida T, Hadland B. Location, Location, Location: How Vascular Specialization Influences Hematopoietic Fates During Development. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:602617. [PMID: 33282876 PMCID: PMC7691428 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.602617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
During embryonic development, sequential waves of hematopoiesis give rise to blood-forming cells with diverse lineage potentials and self-renewal properties. This process must accomplish two important yet divergent goals: the rapid generation of differentiated blood cells to meet the needs of the developing embryo and the production of a reservoir of hematopoietic stem cells to provide for life-long hematopoiesis in the adult. Vascular beds in distinct anatomical sites of extraembryonic tissues and the embryo proper provide the necessary conditions to support these divergent objectives, suggesting a critical role for specialized vascular niche cells in regulating disparate blood cell fates during development. In this review, we will examine the current understanding of how organ- and stage-specific vascular niche specialization contributes to the development of the hematopoietic system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam M. Heck
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Takashi Ishida
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Brandon Hadland
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, United States
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27
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Zhu Q, Gao P, Tober J, Bennett L, Chen C, Uzun Y, Li Y, Howell ED, Mumau M, Yu W, He B, Speck NA, Tan K. Developmental trajectory of prehematopoietic stem cell formation from endothelium. Blood 2020; 136:845-856. [PMID: 32392346 PMCID: PMC7426642 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2020004801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) in the bone marrow are derived from a small population of hemogenic endothelial (HE) cells located in the major arteries of the mammalian embryo. HE cells undergo an endothelial to hematopoietic cell transition, giving rise to HSPCs that accumulate in intra-arterial clusters (IAC) before colonizing the fetal liver. To examine the cell and molecular transitions between endothelial (E), HE, and IAC cells, and the heterogeneity of HSPCs within IACs, we profiled ∼40 000 cells from the caudal arteries (dorsal aorta, umbilical, vitelline) of 9.5 days post coitus (dpc) to 11.5 dpc mouse embryos by single-cell RNA sequencing and single-cell assay for transposase-accessible chromatin sequencing. We identified a continuous developmental trajectory from E to HE to IAC cells, with identifiable intermediate stages. The intermediate stage most proximal to HE, which we term pre-HE, is characterized by increased accessibility of chromatin enriched for SOX, FOX, GATA, and SMAD motifs. A developmental bottleneck separates pre-HE from HE, with RUNX1 dosage regulating the efficiency of the pre-HE to HE transition. A distal candidate Runx1 enhancer exhibits high chromatin accessibility specifically in pre-HE cells at the bottleneck, but loses accessibility thereafter. Distinct developmental trajectories within IAC cells result in 2 populations of CD45+ HSPCs; an initial wave of lymphomyeloid-biased progenitors, followed by precursors of hematopoietic stem cells (pre-HSCs). This multiomics single-cell atlas significantly expands our understanding of pre-HSC ontogeny.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Zhu
- Genomics and Computational Biology Graduate Group, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Peng Gao
- Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA; and
| | - Joanna Tober
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, and
| | - Laura Bennett
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, and
| | - Changya Chen
- Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA; and
| | - Yasin Uzun
- Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA; and
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, and
| | - Elizabeth D Howell
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, and
| | - Melanie Mumau
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, and
| | - Wenbao Yu
- Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA; and
| | - Bing He
- Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA; and
| | - Nancy A Speck
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, and
| | - Kai Tan
- Genomics and Computational Biology Graduate Group, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
- Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA; and
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
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28
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Kakkassery V, Coupland SE, Heindl LM. Iris lymphoma-a systematic guide for diagnosis and treatment. Surv Ophthalmol 2020; 66:41-53. [PMID: 32585164 DOI: 10.1016/j.survophthal.2020.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Iris lymphomas are rare malignant neoplasms arising either as primary tumors in the iris or as secondary tumors involving the iris. We summarize previously published data and make recommendations for work-up strategies for cases of suspected iris lymphoma. Our objective is to provide a structured overview of the typical clinical symptoms and signs, the pathologic, ophthalmic, as well as hematologic work-up for diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up of iris lymphomas and offer a flowchart on how to diagnose and treat these tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sarah E Coupland
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Liverpool Clinical Laboratories, Liverpool University Hospitals Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK
| | - Ludwig M Heindl
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Center for Integrated Oncology (CIO), Aachen-Bonn-Cologne-Duesseldorf, Cologne, Germany.
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29
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Lu PCW, Shahbaz S, Winn LM. Benzene and its effects on cell signaling pathways related to hematopoiesis and leukemia. J Appl Toxicol 2020; 40:1018-1032. [PMID: 32112456 DOI: 10.1002/jat.3961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Revised: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Benzene is an environmental toxicant found in many consumer products. It is an established human carcinogen and is known to cause acute myeloid leukemia in adults. Epidemiological evidence has since shown that benzene can cross the placenta and affect the fetal liver. Animal studies have shown that in utero exposure to benzene can increase tumor incidence in offspring. Although there have been risk factors established for acute myeloid leukemia, they still do not account for many of the cases. Clearly then, current efforts to elucidate the mechanism by which benzene exerts its carcinogenic properties have been superficial. Owing to the critical role of cell signaling pathways in the development of an organism and its various organ systems, it seems plausible to suspect that these pathways may have a role in leukemogenesis. This review article assesses current evidence of the effects of benzene on critical hematopoietic signaling pathways. Pathways discussed included Hedgehog, Notch/Delta, Wingless/Integrated, nuclear factor-kappaB and others. Following a review of the literature, it seems that current evidence about the effects of benzene on these critical signaling pathways remains limited. Given the important role of these pathways in hematopoiesis, more attention should be given to them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter C W Lu
- Department of Biomedical & Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sara Shahbaz
- Department of Biomedical & Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Louise M Winn
- Department of Biomedical & Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada.,School of Environmental Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
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30
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Wang K, Yan Z, Zhang S, Bartholdy B, Eaves CJ, Bouhassira EE. Clonal origin in normal adults of all blood lineages and circulating hematopoietic stem cells. Exp Hematol 2020; 83:25-34.e2. [PMID: 32007476 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2020.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Characterization of human cells that sustain blood cell production lifelong has historically been inferred from phenotypically defined subsets of cells assayed in vitro, in transplanted immunodeficient mice, or in patients transplanted with genetically marked cells. These approaches have led to the concept of a persistent complex hierarchical process of differentiation divisions originating from a rare population of CD34+CD38-CD45RA-CD90+CD49f+ cells with an average self-renewal potential of >0.5 and an ability to produce some or all blood cell types for >1 year. However, the role of these "49f" cells in the unperturbed adult has remained poorly understood. To address this gap, somatic single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNVs) have recently been exploited as lineage tracing markers to enumerate and characterize active hematopoietic clones in normal adults using a capture and recapture approach. We show here that the use of somatic transversions to identify somatically acquired variant alleles enabled their detection in bulk populations at frequencies of approximately 1 in 80,000 cells. We then applied this method to blood cells isolated from two normal adults (aged 31 and 53 years) over a 1- to 3-year period. The results revealed in both donors a continued clonal output of both T- and B-lymphoid cells as well as myeloid cells identified by the same unique transversions found to distinguish single 49f cells isolated from the same donors' initial blood samples. These findings provide the first evidence of a continuing hematopoietic stem cell-derived source of all mature blood cell types in normal (unperturbed) adult humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Wang
- Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY
| | - Zi Yan
- Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY
| | - Shouping Zhang
- Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY
| | - Boris Bartholdy
- Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY
| | - Connie J Eaves
- Terry Fox Laboratory, British Columbia Cancer and University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Eric E Bouhassira
- Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY.
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31
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Schraven AL, Stannard HJ, Ong OTW, Old JM. Immunogenetics of marsupial B-cells. Mol Immunol 2019; 117:1-11. [PMID: 31726269 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2019.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Revised: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Marsupials and eutherians are mammals that differ in their physiological traits, predominately their reproductive and developmental strategies; eutherians give birth to well-developed young, while marsupials are born highly altricial after a much shorter gestation. These developmental traits also result in differences in the development of the immune system of eutherian and marsupial species. In eutherians, B-cells are the key to humoral immunity as they are found in multiple lymphoid organs and have the unique ability to mediate the production of antigen-specific antibodies in the presence of extracellular pathogens. The development of B-cells in marsupials has been reported and hypothesised to be similar to that of eutherians, except that haematopoiesis occurs in the liver, postpartum, until the bone marrow fully matures. In eutherians, specific genes are linked to specific stages in B-cell development, maturation, and differentiation processes, and have been identified including immunoglobulins (heavy and light chains), cluster of differentiation markers (CD10, 19, 34 and CD79α/β), signal transduction molecules (BTK, Lyn and Syk) and transcriptional regulators (EBF1, E2A, and Pax5). This review aims to discuss the known similarities and differences between marsupial and eutherian B-cells, in regards to their genetic presence, homology, and developmental stages, as well as to highlight the areas requiring further investigation. By enhancing our understanding of the genes that are involved with B-cells in the marsupial lineage, it will, in turn, aid our understanding of the marsupial immune system and support the development of specific immunological reagents for research and wildlife conservation purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea L Schraven
- School of Science and Health, Hawkesbury Campus, Western Sydney University, Locked bag 1797, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia
| | - Hayley J Stannard
- Charles Sturt University, School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2678, Australia
| | - Oselyne T W Ong
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Julie M Old
- School of Science and Health, Hawkesbury Campus, Western Sydney University, Locked bag 1797, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia.
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32
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Elsaid R, Yang J, Cumano A. The influence of space and time on the establishment of B cell identity. Biomed J 2019; 42:209-217. [PMID: 31627863 PMCID: PMC6818146 DOI: 10.1016/j.bj.2019.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Revised: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
During embryonic development multiple waves of hematopoietic progenitors with distinct lineage potential are differentially regulated in time and space. Consistent with this view, some specialized lymphocytes emerge during a limited time-window in embryogenesis and migrate to the tissues where they contribute to organogenesis and to tissue homeostasis. These cells are not constantly produced by bone marrow derived hematopoietic stem cells but are maintained in tissues and self-renew throughout life. These particular cell subsets are produced from lymphoid restricted progenitors only found in the first days of fetal liver hematopoietic activity. Growing evidence of the heterogeneity and layered organization of the hematopoietic system is leading to a common view that some lymphocyte subsets are functionally different because they follow distinct developmental programs and emerge from distinct waves of lymphoid progenitors. However, understanding the influence of developmental origin and the relative contribution of local microenvironment on the development of these specialized lymphocyte subsets needs further analysis. In this review, we discuss how different pathways followed by developing B cells during ontogeny may contribute to the diverse functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramy Elsaid
- Unit of Lymphopoiesis, Immunology Department, Institut Pasteur, U1223, INSERM, Paris, France; Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Junjie Yang
- Unit of Lymphopoiesis, Immunology Department, Institut Pasteur, U1223, INSERM, Paris, France; Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France; CNBG Company, China
| | - Ana Cumano
- Unit of Lymphopoiesis, Immunology Department, Institut Pasteur, U1223, INSERM, Paris, France; Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.
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33
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Kobayashi M, Tarnawsky SP, Wei H, Mishra A, Azevedo Portilho N, Wenzel P, Davis B, Wu J, Hadland B, Yoshimoto M. Hemogenic Endothelial Cells Can Transition to Hematopoietic Stem Cells through a B-1 Lymphocyte-Biased State during Maturation in the Mouse Embryo. Stem Cell Reports 2019; 13:21-30. [PMID: 31231025 PMCID: PMC6626887 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2019.05.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2019] [Revised: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Precursors of hematopoietic stem cells (pre-HSCs) have been identified as intermediate precursors during the maturation process from hemogenic endothelial cells to HSCs in the aorta-gonad-mesonephros (AGM) region of the mouse embryo at embryonic day 10.5. Although pre-HSCs acquire an efficient adult-repopulating ability after ex vivo co-culture, their native hematopoietic capacity remains unknown. Here, we employed direct transplantation assays of CD45-VE-cadherin(VC)+KIT+(V+K+) cells (containing pre-HSCs) into immunodeficient neonatal mice that permit engraftment of embryonic hematopoietic precursors. We found that freshly isolated V+K+ cells exhibited significantly greater B-1 lymphocyte-biased repopulating capacity than multilineage repopulating capacity. Additionally, B cell colony-forming assays demonstrated the predominant B-1 progenitor colony-forming ability of these cells; however, increased B-2 progenitor colony-forming ability emerged after co-culture with Akt-expressing AGM endothelial cells, conditions that support pre-HSC maturation into HSCs. Our studies revealed an unexpected B-1 lymphocyte bias of the V+K+ population and acquisition of B-2 potential during commitment to the HSC fate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michihiro Kobayashi
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Stefan P Tarnawsky
- Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Haichao Wei
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Akansha Mishra
- Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Nathalia Azevedo Portilho
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Pamela Wenzel
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Brian Davis
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jiaqian Wu
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Brandon Hadland
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98105, USA
| | - Momoko Yoshimoto
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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34
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Lin Y, Kobayashi M, Azevedo Portilho N, Mishra A, Gao H, Liu Y, Wenzel P, Davis B, Yoder MC, Yoshimoto M. Long-Term Engraftment of ESC-Derived B-1 Progenitor Cells Supports HSC-Independent Lymphopoiesis. Stem Cell Reports 2019; 12:572-583. [PMID: 30745034 PMCID: PMC6409422 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2019.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2018] [Revised: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
It is generally considered that mouse embryonic stem cell (ESC) differentiation into blood cells in vitro recapitulates yolk sac (YS) hematopoiesis. As such, similar to YS-derived B-progenitors, we demonstrate here that ESC-derived B-progenitors differentiate into B-1 and marginal zone B cells, but not B-2 cells in immunodeficient mice after transplantation. ESC-derived B-1 cells were maintained in the recipients for more than 6 months, secreting natural IgM antibodies in vivo. Gene expression profiling displayed a close relationship between ESC- and YS-derived B-1 progenitors. Because there are no hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) detectable in our ESC differentiation culture, successful long-term engraftment of ESC-derived functional B-1 cells supports the presence of HSC-independent B-1 cell development. ESC-derived B-progenitors mature into B-1 cells and MZ B cells in vivo ESC-derived B-1 cells engrafted in vivo long-term and secrete natural antibodies ESC-derived B-progenitors are molecularly similar to YS-derived B-progenitors Long-term B-1 cell engraftment represents HSC-independent lymphopoiesis
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Lin
- Department of Pediatrics, Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Michihiro Kobayashi
- Center for Stem Cell Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Nathalia Azevedo Portilho
- Center for Stem Cell Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Akansha Mishra
- Department of Pediatrics, Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Hongyu Gao
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Yunlong Liu
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Pamela Wenzel
- Center for Stem Cell Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Brian Davis
- Center for Stem Cell Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Mervin C Yoder
- Department of Pediatrics, Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Momoko Yoshimoto
- Center for Stem Cell Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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35
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Cool T, Forsberg EC. Chasing Mavericks: The quest for defining developmental waves of hematopoiesis. Curr Top Dev Biol 2019; 132:1-29. [PMID: 30797507 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ctdb.2019.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Hematopoiesis is the process by which mature blood and immune cells are produced from hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSCs and HSPCs). The last several decades of research have shed light on the origin of HSCs, as well as the heterogeneous pools of fetal progenitors that contribute to lifelong hematopoiesis. The overarching concept that hematopoiesis occurs in dynamic, overlapping waves throughout development, with each wave contributing to both continuous and developmentally limited cell types, has been solidified over the years. However, recent advances in our ability to track the production of hematopoietic cells in vivo have challenged several long-held dogmas on the origin and persistence of distinct hematopoietic cell types. In this review, we highlight emerging concepts in hematopoietic development and identify unanswered questions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor Cool
- Institute for the Biology of Stem Cells, Program in Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, United States
| | - E Camilla Forsberg
- Institute for the Biology of Stem Cells, Department of Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, United States.
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36
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Metlas R, Srdic-Rajic T, Kohler H. Cooperation of intrathymic T15 idiotype-bearing B and complementary T cells in ontogeny of natural Treg cells involved in establishment of T15 clonal dominance. Immunol Lett 2018; 200:52-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2018.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Revised: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 07/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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