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Pedrosa LRR, Leal LCP, Muniz JAPC, Bastos CDO, Gomes BD, Krejcová LV. From imaging to precision: low cost and accurate determination of stereotactic coordinates for brain surgery Sapajus apella using MRI. Front Neurosci 2024; 18:1324669. [PMID: 38362021 PMCID: PMC10867132 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2024.1324669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
The capuchin monkey (Sapajus apella), a New World monkey species, exhibits prominent characteristics that make it an ideal model for neuroscience research. These characteristics include its phylogenetic traits, telencephalization coefficient, anatomical structures and pathways, genetic profile, immune responses, cognitive abilities, and complex behavioral repertoires. Traditionally, methodologies for stereotactic neurosurgery in research models have relied on the use of brain atlases. However, this approach can lead to errors due to the considerable variation in brain size and shape among individual monkeys. To address this issue, we developed a protocol for deriving individual coordinates for each monkey using a straightforward and relatively inexpensive method involving MRI imaging. Our protocol utilizes a specially designed, 3D-printed stereotactic head-holder that is safe to use with an MR magnet, non-invasive placement of fiducial markers, and post-processing with open-source software. This approach enhances MRI data visualization, improves anatomical targeting, and refines the design of neurosurgical experiments. Our technique could also prove beneficial in other areas of neuroscience research that require accurate calculation of stereotaxic coordinates. Furthermore, it could be useful for other nonhuman primate species for which brain atlases are typically unavailable.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Leon C. P. Leal
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Brazil
- National Primate Center, Institute Evandro Chagas, Ananindeua, Brazil
| | | | | | - Bruno D. Gomes
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Brazil
| | - Lane V. Krejcová
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Brazil
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2
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Prescott MJ, Poirier C. The role of MRI in applying the 3Rs to non-human primate neuroscience. Neuroimage 2020; 225:117521. [PMID: 33137476 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2020.117521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Magnetic resonance imaging is playing a significant role in applying the 3Rs to neuroscience studies using non-human primates. MRI scans are contributing to refinement by enhancing the selection and assignment of animals, guiding the manufacture of custom-fitted recording and head fixation devices, and assisting with the diagnosis of health issues and their treatment. MRI is also being used to better understand the impact of neuroscience procedures on the welfare of NHPs. MRI has helped to optimise NHP use and make greater scientific progress than would otherwise be made using larger numbers of animals. Whilst human fMRI studies have replaced some NHP studies, their potential to directly replace NHP electrophysiology is limited at present. Given the considerable advantages of MRI for electrophysiology experiments, including improved welfare of NHPs, consideration should be given to focusing NHP electrophysiology laboratories around MRI facilities. Greater sharing of MRI data sets, and improvements in MRI contrast and resolution, are expected to further advance the 3Rs in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark J Prescott
- National Centre for the Replacement, Refinement and Reduction of Animals in Research (NC3Rs), Gibbs Building, 215 Euston Road, London NW1 2BE, UK.
| | - Colline Poirier
- Biosciences Institute & Centre for Behaviour and Evolution, Newcastle University, Medical School, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK.
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Király B, Balázsfi D, Horváth I, Solari N, Sviatkó K, Lengyel K, Birtalan E, Babos M, Bagaméry G, Máthé D, Szigeti K, Hangya B. In vivo localization of chronically implanted electrodes and optic fibers in mice. Nat Commun 2020; 11:4686. [PMID: 32943633 PMCID: PMC7499215 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-18472-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Electrophysiology provides a direct readout of neuronal activity at a temporal precision only limited by the sampling rate. However, interrogating deep brain structures, implanting multiple targets or aiming at unusual angles still poses significant challenges for operators, and errors are only discovered by post-hoc histological reconstruction. Here, we propose a method combining the high-resolution information about bone landmarks provided by micro-CT scanning with the soft tissue contrast of the MRI, which allowed us to precisely localize electrodes and optic fibers in mice in vivo. This enables arbitrating the success of implantation directly after surgery with a precision comparable to gold standard histology. Adjustment of the recording depth with micro-drives or early termination of unsuccessful experiments saves many working hours, and fast 3-dimensional feedback helps surgeons avoid systematic errors. Increased aiming precision enables more precise targeting of small or deep brain nuclei and multiple targeting of specific cortical or hippocampal layers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bálint Király
- Lendület Laboratory of Systems Neuroscience, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Biophysics and Radiation Biology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Biological Physics, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Diána Balázsfi
- Lendület Laboratory of Systems Neuroscience, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ildikó Horváth
- Department of Biophysics and Radiation Biology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Nicola Solari
- Lendület Laboratory of Systems Neuroscience, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Katalin Sviatkó
- Lendület Laboratory of Systems Neuroscience, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
- János Szentágothai Doctoral School of Neurosciences, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Katalin Lengyel
- Lendület Laboratory of Systems Neuroscience, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Eszter Birtalan
- Lendület Laboratory of Systems Neuroscience, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Magor Babos
- Mediso Medical Imaging Systems Ltd., Budapest, Hungary
| | | | - Domokos Máthé
- Department of Biophysics and Radiation Biology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- CROmed Translational Research Centers, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Krisztián Szigeti
- Department of Biophysics and Radiation Biology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Balázs Hangya
- Lendület Laboratory of Systems Neuroscience, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Budapest, Hungary.
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4
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Zhu GY, Chen YC, Shi L, Yang AC, Jiang Y, Zhang X, Zhang JG. Error Analysis and Some Suggestions on Animal Stereotactic Experiment from Inaccuracy of Rhesus Macaques Atlas. Chin Med J (Engl) 2016; 129:1621-4. [PMID: 27364802 PMCID: PMC4931272 DOI: 10.4103/0366-6999.184468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Guan-Yu Zhu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Ying-Chuan Chen
- Department of Functional Neurosurgery, Beijing Tianan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Lin Shi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China
| | - An-Chao Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Yin Jiang
- Department of Functional Neurosurgery, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Functional Neurosurgery, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Jian-Guo Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050; Department of Functional Neurosurgery, Beijing Tianan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050; Department of Functional Neurosurgery, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050; Beijing Key Laboratory of Neurostimulation, Beijing 100050, China
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5
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Golebiowski D, Bradbury AM, Kwon CS, van der Bom IMJ, Stoica L, Johnson AK, Wilson DU, Gray-Edwards HL, Hudson JA, Johnson JA, Randle AN, Whitlock BK, Sartin JL, Kühn AL, Gounis M, Asaad W, Martin DR, Sena-Esteves M. AAV Gene Therapy Strategies for Lysosomal Storage Disorders with Central Nervous System Involvement. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-2306-9_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Silvestrini MT, Yin D, Martin AJ, Coppes VG, Mann P, Larson PS, Starr PA, Zeng X, Gupta N, Panter SS, Desai TA, Lim DA. Interventional magnetic resonance imaging-guided cell transplantation into the brain with radially branched deployment. Mol Ther 2015; 23:119-29. [PMID: 25138755 PMCID: PMC4426791 DOI: 10.1038/mt.2014.155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2014] [Accepted: 08/09/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Intracerebral cell transplantation is being pursued as a treatment for many neurological diseases, and effective cell delivery is critical for clinical success. To facilitate intracerebral cell transplantation at the scale and complexity of the human brain, we developed a platform technology that enables radially branched deployment (RBD) of cells to multiple target locations at variable radial distances and depths along the initial brain penetration tract with real-time interventional magnetic resonance image (iMRI) guidance. iMRI-guided RBD functioned as an "add-on" to standard neurosurgical and imaging workflows, and procedures were performed in a commonly available clinical MRI scanner. Multiple deposits of super paramagnetic iron oxide beads were safely delivered to the striatum of live swine, and distribution to the entire putamen was achieved via a single cannula insertion in human cadaveric heads. Human embryonic stem cell-derived dopaminergic neurons were biocompatible with the iMRI-guided RBD platform and successfully delivered with iMRI guidance into the swine striatum. Thus, iMRI-guided RBD overcomes some of the technical limitations inherent to the use of straight cannulas and standard stereotactic targeting. This platform technology could have a major impact on the clinical translation of a wide range of cell therapeutics for the treatment of many neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew T Silvestrini
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
- Present address: Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Dali Yin
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Alastair J Martin
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Valerie G Coppes
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
- Department of Surgery, Veteran's Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Preeti Mann
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
- Department of Surgery, Veteran's Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Paul S Larson
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
- Department of Surgery, Veteran's Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Philip A Starr
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Xianmin Zeng
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, California, USA
| | - Nalin Gupta
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - S S Panter
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
- Department of Surgery, Veteran's Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Tejal A Desai
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Daniel A Lim
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
- Department of Surgery, Veteran's Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, California, USA
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research at UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA
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7
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Chen L, Li N, Gao L, Yang C, Fang W, Wang XL, Gao GD. Improved stereotactic procedure enhances the accuracy of deep brain stimulation electrode implantation in non-human primates. Int J Neurosci 2014; 125:380-9. [DOI: 10.3109/00207454.2014.940524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Roopnariane CA, Ryu YC, Tofighi MR, Miller PA, Oh S, Wang J, Park BS, Ansel L, Lieu CA, Subramanian T, Yang QX, Collins CM. Quadrature RF Coil for In Vivo Brain MRI of a Macaque Monkey in a Stereotaxic Head Frame. CONCEPTS IN MAGNETIC RESONANCE. PART B, MAGNETIC RESONANCE ENGINEERING 2012; 41B:22-27. [PMID: 22611340 PMCID: PMC3354963 DOI: 10.1002/cmr.b.21205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
We present a quadrature volume coil designed for brain imaging of a macaque monkey fixed in a sphinx position (facing down the bore) within a stereotactic frame at 3 T, where the position of the monkey and presence of the frame preclude use of existing coils. Requirements include the ability to position and remove the coil without disturbing the position of the monkey in the frame. A saddle coil and a solenoid were combined on a modified cylindrical former and connected in quadrature as to produce a homogeneous circularly polarized field throughout the brain. To allow the loops of the saddle coil to encompass the ear posts, partial disassembly and reassembly were facilitated by embedding pin and socket contacts into separate pieces of the former. Coil design included simulation of the electromagnetic fields for the coil containing a 3D model of a monkey's head. The resulting coil produced adequate homogeneity and signal-to-noise ratio throughout the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colin A Roopnariane
- Capital College, School of Science, Engineering, and Technology, The Pennsylvania State University, Middletown, PA 17057
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The interhemispheric connections of the striatum: Implications for Parkinson's disease and drug-induced dyskinesias. Brain Res Bull 2011; 87:1-9. [PMID: 21963946 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2011.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2011] [Revised: 09/16/2011] [Accepted: 09/19/2011] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by loss of nigrostriatal neurons and depletion of dopamine. This pathological feature leads to alterations to basal ganglia circuitry and subsequent motor disability. Pharmacological dopamine replacement therapy with medications such as levodopa ameliorates the symptoms of PD but can lead to motor complications known as drug-induced dyskinesias. We have recently shown that clinically hemiparkinsonian rhesus monkeys do not develop levodopa-induced dyskinesias despite chronic intermittent exposure and significant unilateral loss of nigrostriatal neurons and dopamine. It is currently unclear what mechanisms prevent the onset of dyskinesias in these animals. Based on our study and results from previous lesioning studies in both the rat and monkey models of PD, we hypothesize that one potential mechanism that may prevent the genesis of dyskinesias in these animals is interhemispheric neuromodulation. Two potential interhemispheric connections that may modulate dyskinesias are the interhemispheric nigrostriatal and corticostriatal pathways. Few investigators have examined the interhemispheric nigrostriatal and corticostriatal connections and the functional role they may play in drug-induced dyskinesias in PD. Therefore, in the following review, we assess the neuroanatomical, electrophysiological and behavioral properties of these interhemispheric connections. Future studies evaluating these interhemispheric striatal pathways and the pathophysiological changes that occur to these pathways in the dyskinetic state are warranted to further develop treatments that prevent or mitigate drug-induced dyskinesias in PD.
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10
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A new MRI approach for accurately implanting microelectrodes into deep brain structures of the rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta). J Neurosci Methods 2010; 193:203-9. [PMID: 20692292 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2010.07.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2010] [Revised: 07/23/2010] [Accepted: 07/26/2010] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The accurate implantation of microelectrodes is a significant difficulty facing many neurophysiologists. This paper reports on a new method used to promote the precise positioning of electrode implantation through magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), allowing both the relevant brain structure and the MRI-visible external markers anchored on the skull (in this case rigid glass tubes with a 0.5mm internal diameter) to be displayed. By referencing these markers, the coordinates of the brain target were calculated. Using this novel approach, recording electrodes were successfully implanted into the superior colliculus (SC) of rhesus monkeys, with an error <1mm, and its neuronal discharge signals were obtained. This new method allows neurophysiologists to precisely target the small deep brain structures of monkeys and study their electrophysiological characteristics in detail.
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11
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Emborg ME, Joers V, Fisher R, Brunner K, Carter V, Ross C, Raghavan R, Brady M, Raschke J, Kubota K, Alexander A. Intraoperative intracerebral MRI-guided navigation for accurate targeting in nonhuman primates. Cell Transplant 2010; 19:1587-97. [PMID: 20587170 DOI: 10.3727/096368910x514323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
During in vivo intracerebral infusions, the ability to perform accurate targeting towards a 3D-specific point allows control of the anatomical variable and identification of the effects of variations in other factors. Intraoperative MRI navigation systems are currently being used in the clinic, yet their use in nonhuman primates and MRI monitoring of intracerebral infusions has not been reported. In this study rhesus monkeys were placed in a MRI-compatible stereotaxic frame. T1 MRIs in the three planes were obtained in a 3.0T GE scanner to identify the target and plan the trajectory to ventral postcommisural putamen. A craniotomy was performed under sterile surgical conditions at the trajectory entry point. A modified MRI-compatible trajectory guide base (Medtronic Inc.) was secured above the cranial opening and the alignment stem applied. Scans were taken to define the position of the alignment stem. When the projection of the catheter in the three planes matched the desired trajectory to the target, the base was locked in position. A catheter replaced the alignment stem and was slowly introduced to the final target structure. Additional scans were performed to confirm trajectory and during the infusion of a solution of gadoteridol (ProHance, Bracco Diagnostics; 2 mM/L) and bromophenol blue (0.16 mg/ml) in saline. Monitoring of the pressure in the infusion lines was performed using pressure monitoring and infusion pump controller system (Engineering Resources Group Inc.) in combination with a MRI-compatible infusion pump (Harvard). MRI during infusion confirmed successful targeting and matched postmortem visualization of bromophenol blue. Assessment of the accuracy of the targeting revealed an overall 3D mean ± SD distance error of 1.2 ± 0.6 mm and angular distance error of 0.9 ± 0.5 mm. Our results in nonhuman primates confirm the accuracy of intraoperative MRI intracerebral navigation combined with an adaptable, pivot point-based targeting system and validates its use for preclinical intracerebral procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina E Emborg
- Preclinical Parkinson's Research Program, Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1223 Capitol Court, Madison, WI 53715, USA.
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Subramanian T, Lieu CA, Guttalu K, Berg D. Detection of MPTP-induced substantia nigra hyperechogenicity in Rhesus monkeys by transcranial ultrasound. ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE & BIOLOGY 2010; 36:604-609. [PMID: 20211515 PMCID: PMC2862281 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2009.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2009] [Revised: 11/20/2009] [Accepted: 12/03/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Detection of substantia nigra (SN) hyperechogenicity by transcranial ultrasound has been proposed as a putative biomarker to differentiate between idiopathic Parkinson's disease (PD) and other forms of parkinsonism. In the present study, we evaluated the feasibility of using transcranial ultrasound to detect SN echogenicity in normal and 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-treated Rhesus monkeys, a well-established model of PD. All animals had natural temporal bone windows for transcranial sonography. We could show that it is possible to visualize major brain landmarks including the "butterfly shaped" midbrain, basal cisterns, third and lateral ventricles in all animals by transcranial ultrasound. Blinded assessments showed that all normal monkeys had no SN hyperechogenicity. Bilaterally parkinsonian (overlesioned) monkeys showed hyperechogenicity of both SN, whereas right hemiparkinsonian monkeys only showed left nigral hyperechogenicity. These findings confirm the feasibility of transcranial ultrasound to detect SN hyperechogenicity in MPTP-treated Rhesus monkeys and suggest that this animal model may provide a platform for understanding the pathophysiologic basis of nigral hyperechogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thyagarajan Subramanian
- Department of Neurology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA.
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Daunais JB, Kraft RA, Davenport AT, Burnett EJ, Maxey VM, Szeliga KT, Rau AR, Flory GS, Hemby SE, Kroenke CD, Grant KA, Friedman DP. MRI-guided dissection of the nonhuman primate brain: a case study. Methods 2010; 50:199-204. [PMID: 19364532 PMCID: PMC2828512 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2009.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2008] [Accepted: 03/27/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous biochemical as well as electrophysiological techniques require tissue that must be retrieved very quickly following death in order to preserve the physiological integrity of the neuronal environment. Therefore, the ability to accurately predict the precise locations of brain regions of interest (ROI) and to retrieve those areas as quickly as possible following the brain harvest is critical for subsequent analyses. One way to achieve this objective is the utilization of high-resolution MRI to guide the subsequent dissections. In the present study, individual MRI images of the brains of rhesus and cynomolgus macaques that had chronically self-administered ethanol were employed in order to determine which blocks of dissected tissue contained specific ROIs. MRI-guided brain dissection of discrete brain regions was completely accurate in 100% of the cases. In comparison, approximately 60-70% accuracy was achieved in dissections that relied on external landmarks alone without the aid of MRI. These results clearly demonstrate that the accuracy of targeting specific brain areas can be improved with high-resolution MR imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Bernard Daunais
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA.
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Future directions: use of interventional MRI for cell-based therapy of Parkinson disease. Neurosurg Clin N Am 2009; 20:211-8. [PMID: 19555884 DOI: 10.1016/j.nec.2009.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Transplantation of neural cells for the treatment of neurologic disorders has garnered much attention and considerable enthusiasm from patients and physicians alike. Cell-based therapies have been proposed for a wide range of central nervous system pathologies ranging from stroke and trauma to demyelinating disorders and neurodegenerative diseases. Notably, cell transplantation for Parkinson disease (PD) has become even more attractive with the rapid advances in derivation of dopaminergic neurons from human embryonic stem cells. This article briefly reviews some of the relevant issues regarding the transplantation of cells for treatment of PD and hypothesizes how interventional MRI may be useful to optimize the surgical delivery of cells for PD and other central nervous system disorders.
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15
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Bjarkam CR, Cancian G, Glud AN, Ettrup KS, Jørgensen RL, Sørensen JC. MRI-guided stereotaxic targeting in pigs based on a stereotaxic localizer box fitted with an isocentric frame and use of SurgiPlan computer-planning software. J Neurosci Methods 2009; 183:119-26. [PMID: 19559051 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2009.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2009] [Revised: 06/15/2009] [Accepted: 06/16/2009] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We present a stereotaxic procedure enabling MRI-guided isocentric stereotaxy in pigs. The procedure is based on the Leksell stereotaxic arch principle, and a stereotaxic localizer box with an incorporated fiducial marking system (sideplates) defining a stereotaxic space similar to the clinical Leksell system. The obtained MRIs can be imported for 3D-reconstruction and coordinate calculation in the clinical stereotaxic software planning system (Leksell SurgiPlan, Elekta AB, Sweden). After MRI the sideplates are replaced by a modified Leksell arch accommodating clinical standard manipulators for isocentric placement of DBS-electrodes, neural tracers and therapeutics in the calculated target coordinates. The mechanical accuracy of the device was within 0.3-0.5 mm. Stereotaxic MRIs were imported to the stereotaxic software planning system with a mean error of 0.4-0.5 mm and a max error of 0.8-0.9 mm. Application accuracy measured on a phantom and on inserted skull markers in nine pigs was within 1 mm in all planes. The intracerebral application accuracy found after placement of 10 manganese trajectories within the full extent of the intracerebral stereotaxic space in two minipigs was equally randomly distributed and within 0.7+/-0.4; 0.5+/-0.4; and 0.7+/-0.3mm in the X, Y, and Z plane. Injection of neural tracers in the subgenual gyrus of three minipigs and placement of encapsulated gene-modified cells in four minipigs confirmed the accuracy and functionality of the described procedure. We conclude that the devised technique and instrumentation enable high-precision stereotaxic procedures in pigs that may benefit future large animal neuroscience research and outline the technical considerations for a similar stereotaxic methodology in other animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carsten R Bjarkam
- Institute of Anatomy, The Faculty of Health Sciences, Aarhus University, Denmark.
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16
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Richardson RM, Larson PS, Bankiewicz KS. Gene and cell delivery to the degenerated striatum: status of preclinical efforts in primate models. Neurosurgery 2009; 63:629-442; dicussion 642-4. [PMID: 18981876 DOI: 10.1227/01.neu.0000325491.89984.ce] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Significant progress has been achieved in developing restorative neurosurgical strategies for movement disorders on the basis of preclinical gene and cell therapy experiments in primates. Because of the unique similarities between human and primate anatomy and physiology, experiments in primate models are the critical step in translating these innovative neurosurgical treatment concepts into successful human applications. To clarify progress toward this goal, we have examined recent preclinical data regarding the delivery of gene and cell therapy to the lesioned primate striatum. Improved behavioral outcomes after in vivo gene transduction, achieved by brain delivery of adeno-associated vectors, have resulted in the initiation of ongoing clinical trials. Cell transplantation experiments are transitioning from the grafting of fetal tissue, which has met with mixed clinical success, to the grafting of expanded neural stem cells, for which preliminary results in primates are encouraging. Careful attention to the surgical delivery parameters for these agents in primate studies, along with the ability to realistically model imaging and behavioral outcomes in these animals, is essential for optimizing the restoration of function for patients. The authors review data obtained from primate models that form the basis for ongoing clinical trials to consider how new preclinical models should be developed to answer questions that arise from experimental clinical data.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Mark Richardson
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143-0112, USA.
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Kalwani RM, Bloy L, Elliott MA, Gold JI. A method for localizing microelectrode trajectories in the macaque brain using MRI. J Neurosci Methods 2008; 176:104-11. [PMID: 18831988 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2008.08.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2007] [Revised: 08/25/2008] [Accepted: 08/25/2008] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is often used by electrophysiologists to target specific brain regions for placement of microelectrodes. However, the effectiveness of this technique has been limited by few methods to quantify in three dimensions the relative locations of brain structures, recording chambers and microelectrode trajectories. Here we present such a method. After surgical implantation, recording chambers are fitted with a plastic cylinder that is filled with a high-contrast agent to aid in the segmentation of the cylinder from brain matter in an MRI volume. The resulting images of the filled cylinder correspond to a virtual cylinder that is projected along its long axis - parallel to the trajectories of microelectrodes advanced through the recording chamber - through the three-dimensional image of the brain. This technique, which does not require a stereotaxic coordinate system, can be used to quantify the coverage of an implanted recording chamber relative to anatomical landmarks at any depth or orientation. We have used this technique in conjunction with Caret [Van Essen DC, Drury HA, Dickson J, Harwell J, Hanlon D, Anderson CH. An integrated software suite for surface-based analyses of cerebral cortex. J Am Med Inform Assoc 2001;8:443-59] and AFNI [Cox RW. AFNI: software for analysis and visualization of functional magnetic resonance neuroimages. Comput Biomed Res 1996;29:162-73] brain-mapping software to successfully localize several regions of macaque cortex, including the middle temporal area, the lateral intraparietal area and the frontal eye field, and one subcortical structure, the locus coeruleus, for electrophysiological recordings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rishi M Kalwani
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Pennsylvania, 116 Johnson Pavilion, 3610 Hamilton Walk, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6074, United States
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Walbridge S, Murad GJ, Heiss JD, Oldfield EH, Lonser RR. Technique for enhanced accuracy and reliability in non-human primate stereotaxy. J Neurosci Methods 2006; 156:310-3. [PMID: 16516975 PMCID: PMC4294192 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2006.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2005] [Revised: 01/28/2006] [Accepted: 01/31/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Despite the importance of enhancing the accuracy and reliability of non-human primate stereotaxy, a number of limitations exist using currently described techniques. To overcome these problems, we present a simple universally available approach that combines pre-operative magnetic resonance imaging and the non-surgical creation of reference points (teeth marking). We have found that this approach improves stereotaxic targeting reliability and permits accurate reproducible stereotaxic localization at time points distant from the pre-operative imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Russell R. Lonser
- Corresponding author at: Surgical Neurology Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, Building 10, Room 5D37, Bethesda, MD 20892-1414, United States. Tel.: +1 301 496 5728; fax: +1 301 402 0380. (R.R. Lonser)
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Deogaonkar M, Heers M, Mahajan S, Brummer M, Subramanian T. Method of construction of a MRI-based tabular database of 3D stereotaxic co-ordinates for individual structures in the basal ganglia of Macaca mulatta. J Neurosci Methods 2005; 149:154-63. [PMID: 16083967 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2005.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2004] [Revised: 05/10/2005] [Accepted: 05/16/2005] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Primate models are commonly used in Parkinson's disease research to study stereotaxic strategies that demand accurate localization of the structures in basal ganglia. We demonstrate a method to construct an extensive tabular database of 3D stereotaxic co-ordinates of various basal ganglia structures from high-quality magnetic resonance (MR) images of 47 adult female 3-5 kg rhesus monkeys. For each animal, the structures in the basal ganglia were traced as they appeared on the axial MR images. Their maximal outlines were projected in the axial plane to create a stack of images and X, Y, Z co-ordinates were calculated for margins of each structure. These co-ordinates and the outlines of the individual nuclei help delineate a "common area," which was further narrowed down to a point that represents the 'most reliable target point' (MRTP) in subthalamic nucleus, globus pallidum, caudate and putamen on both sides. Common area and MRTP represent the region that can most definitely be associated with a structure and hence the most definite target for a given structure. The goal of this study is to demonstrate the method of construction, discuss the feasibility and usefulness of such a tabular database that could potentially add to accuracy of localization while using atlas-based stereotaxy. Though use of MRI remains a standard practice and advances in imaging have made targeting for functional surgery more accurate, in developing countries that implies prohibitive costs per procedure. Population based human databases similar to the monkey database described here, when used along with less expensive imaging modalities can reduce the costs considerably as well as add to the accuracy of targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milind Deogaonkar
- Department of Neuroscience, Mailcode NB20, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA.
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