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Shimochi S, Ihalainen J, Parikka V, Kudomi N, Tolvanen T, Hietanen A, Kokkomäki E, Johansson S, Tsuji M, Kanaya S, Yatkin E, Grönroos TJ, Iida H. Small animal PET with spontaneous inhalation of 15O-labelled oxygen gases: Longitudinal assessment of cerebral oxygen metabolism in a rat model of neonatal hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2024; 44:1024-1038. [PMID: 38112197 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x231220691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Perinatal hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy (HIE) is the leading cause of irreversible brain damage resulting in serious neurological dysfunction among neonates. We evaluated the feasibility of positron emission tomography (PET) methodology with 15O-labelled gases without intravenous or tracheal cannulation for assessing temporal changes in cerebral blood flow (CBF) and cerebral metabolic rate for oxygen (CMRO2) in a neonatal HIE rat model. Sequential PET scans with spontaneous inhalation of 15O-gases mixed with isoflurane were performed over 14 days after the hypoxic-ischaemic insult in HIE pups and age-matched controls. CBF and CMRO2 in the injured hemispheres of HIE pups remarkably decreased 2 days after the insult, gradually recovering over 14 days in line with their increase found in healthy controls according to their natural maturation process. The magnitude of hemispheric tissue loss histologically measured after the last PET scan was significantly correlated with the decreases in CBF and CMRO2.This fully non-invasive imaging strategy may be useful for monitoring damage progression in neonatal HIE and for evaluating potential therapeutic outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeka Shimochi
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- MediCity Research Laboratory, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma City, Japan
| | - Jukka Ihalainen
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Department of Medical Physics, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- Accelerator Laboratory, Turku PET Centre, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Vilhelmiina Parikka
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- MediCity Research Laboratory, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- InFLAMES Research Flagship Center, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Nobuyuki Kudomi
- Department of Medical Physics, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Tuula Tolvanen
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Department of Medical Physics, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Ari Hietanen
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Esa Kokkomäki
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Stefan Johansson
- Accelerator Laboratory, Turku PET Centre, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Masahiro Tsuji
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Kyoto Women's University, Kyoto, Japan
| | | | - Emrah Yatkin
- Central Animal Laboratory, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Tove J Grönroos
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- MediCity Research Laboratory, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Hidehiro Iida
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma City, Japan
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Liu Y, Yuan F, Peng Z, Zhan Y, Lin J, Zhang R, Zhang J. Decrease in Cerebral Blood Flow after Reoxygenation Is Associated with Neurological Syndrome Sequelae and Blood Pressure. Brain Sci 2023; 13:1600. [PMID: 38002559 PMCID: PMC10669967 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13111600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Changes in cerebral blood flow (CBF) and regulation of cerebral circulation occur at high altitude (HA). However, the changes in CBF and their associations with neurological syndrome sequelae and blood pressure after subjects return to the lowlands remain unclear. In this study, the subjects were 23 college students who were teaching at an altitude of 4300 m for 30 days. These subjects were studied before reaching the HA (Test 1), one week after returning to the lowlands (Test 2), and three months after returning to the lowlands (Test 3). Symptom scores for de-acclimatization syndrome were evaluated. Changes in CBF were measured using the magnetic resonance imaging arterial spin labeling (ASL) technique. Additionally, the velocity of CBF in the cerebral arteries was measured using a transcranial doppler (TCD). In Test 2 vs. Test 1, the peak systolic velocity and mean velocity in the basilar artery were significantly decreased. CBF exhibited significant decreases in the left putamen/cerebellum crus1/vermis and right thalamus/inferior temporal gyrus, while significant increases were observed in the left postcentral gyrus/precuneus and right middle cingulate gyrus/superior frontal gyrus. In Test 3 vs. Test 1, the basilar artery velocity returned to the baseline level, while CBF continued to decrease. The mean global CBF showed a decreasing trend from Test 1 to Test 3. Furthermore, the mean global CBF had a negative correlation with the systolic pressure, pulse pressure, and mean arterial pressure. The decrease in CBF after reoxygenation may underlie the neurological symptoms in subjects returning to the lowlands. Increased blood pressure could serve as a predictor of a decrease in CBF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanqiu Liu
- Institute of Brain Diseases and Cognition, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Fengjuan Yuan
- Institute of Brain Diseases and Cognition, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Zhongwei Peng
- Department of Neurology, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361004, China
| | - Yadong Zhan
- Institute of Brain Diseases and Cognition, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Jianzhong Lin
- Department of Radiology, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361004, China
| | - Ran Zhang
- Institute of Brain Diseases and Cognition, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Jiaxing Zhang
- Institute of Brain Diseases and Cognition, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
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Kitamura T, Terashima T, Katagi M, Ohashi N, Nozaki K, Tsuji A. Bone marrow-derived mononuclear cells ameliorate neurological function in chronic cerebral infarction model mice via improvement of cerebral blood flow. Cytotherapy 2023; 25:1186-1199. [PMID: 37552144 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2023.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AIMS Stroke is a frequently observed neurological disorder that might lead to permanent and severe disability. Recently, various regenerative therapies have been developed, some of which have already been applied clinically. However, their outcomes have not been fully satisfactory. In particular, the development of regenerative therapies for chronic ischemic stroke is greatly needed. Herein intracerebral administration of bone marrow-derived mononuclear cells (BM-MNCs) was assessed as a potential treatment for chronic ischemic stroke using a severe combined immunodeficiency mouse model characterized by minimal vascular variation unrelated to immunodeficiency. METHODS A reproducible model of permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion was prepared, and intracerebral BM-MNC transplantation was performed 14 days after stroke induction in the infarcted brain. RESULTS Sensorimotor behavioral function and cerebral blood flow were significantly improved upon treatment with BM-MNCs compared to control medium injection. The transplanted cells exhibited characteristics of the vascular endothelium and microglia/macrophages. Significant angiogenesis and suppression of astrogliosis and microgliosis were observed in the affected brain. Messenger RNA expression analysis showed significant increases in anti-inflammatory cytokines, A2 astrocyte/anti-inflammatory microglia markers and vascular endothelial markers such as vascular endothelial growth factor and significant decreases in pro-inflammatory cytokines and A1 astrocyte/pro-inflammatory microglia markers following BM-MNC transplantation. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that intracerebral administration of BM-MNCs should be considered an effective cell therapy for chronic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoaki Kitamura
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan; Department of Neurosurgery, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
| | - Tomoya Terashima
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan.
| | - Miwako Katagi
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
| | - Natsuko Ohashi
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Nozaki
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
| | - Atsushi Tsuji
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
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Shen G, Sanchez K, Hu S, Zhao Z, Zhang L, Ma Q. 3D doppler ultrasound imaging of cerebral blood flow for assessment of neonatal hypoxic-ischemic brain injury in mice. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0285434. [PMID: 37159455 PMCID: PMC10168578 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0285434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Cerebral blood flow (CBF) acutely reduces in neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE). Clinic studies have reported that severe CBF impairment can predict HIE outcomes in neonates. Herein, the present study uses a non-invasive 3D ultrasound imaging approach to evaluate the changes of CBF after HI insult, and explores the correlation between CBF alterations and HI-induced brain infarct in mouse pups. The neonatal HI brain injury was induced in postnatal day 7 mouse pups using the Rice-Vannucci model. Non-invasive 3D ultrasound imaging was conducted to image CBF changes with multiple frequencies on mouse pups before common carotid artery (CCA) ligation, immediately after ligation, and 0 or 24 hours after HI. Vascularity ratio of the ipsilateral hemisphere was acutely reduced after unilateral ligation of the CCA alone or in combination with hypoxia, and partially restored at 24 hours after HI. Moreover, regression analysis showed that the vascularity ratio of ipsilateral hemisphere was moderately correlated with brain infarct size 24 hours after HI, indicating that CBF reduction contributes to of HI brain injury. To further verify the association between CBF and HI-induced brain injury, a neuropeptide C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP) or PBS was intranasally administrated to the brain of mouse pups one hour after HI insult. Brain infarction, CBF imaging and long-term neurobehavioral tests were conducted. The result showed that intranasal administration of CNP preserved ipsilateral CBF, reduced the infarct size, and improved neurological function after HI brain injury. Our findings suggest that CBF alteration is an indicator for neonatal HI brain injury, and 3D ultrasound imaging is a useful non-invasive approach for assessment of HI brain injury in mouse model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guofang Shen
- Department of Basic Sciences, The Lawrence D. Longo, MD Center for Perinatal Biology, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, United States of America
- Department of Hematologic Malignancies Translational Science, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, United States of America
| | - Kayla Sanchez
- Department of Basic Sciences, The Lawrence D. Longo, MD Center for Perinatal Biology, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, United States of America
| | - Shirley Hu
- Department of Basic Sciences, The Lawrence D. Longo, MD Center for Perinatal Biology, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, United States of America
| | - Zhen Zhao
- Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute and Department of Physiology and Neuroscience, Center for Neurodegeneration and Regeneration, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
| | - Lubo Zhang
- Department of Basic Sciences, The Lawrence D. Longo, MD Center for Perinatal Biology, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, United States of America
| | - Qingyi Ma
- Department of Basic Sciences, The Lawrence D. Longo, MD Center for Perinatal Biology, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, United States of America
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Neonatal hypoxia ischemia redistributes L1 cell adhesion molecule into rat cerebellar lipid rafts. Pediatr Res 2022; 92:1325-1331. [PMID: 35152267 PMCID: PMC9372221 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-022-01974-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) is a devastating disease with lifelong disabilities. Hypothermia is currently the only treatment. At term, the neonatal cerebellum may be particularly vulnerable to the effects of HIE. At this time, many developmental processes depend on lipid raft function. These microdomains of the plasma membrane are critical for cellular signaling and axon extension. We hypothesized that HIE alters the protein content of lipid rafts in the cerebellum. METHODS Postnatal day (PN) 10 animals, considered human term equivalent, underwent hypoxic-ischemic (HI) injury by a right carotid artery ligation followed by hypoxia. For some animals, LPS was administered on PN7, and hypothermia (HT) was conducted for 4 h post-hypoxia. Lipid rafts were isolated from the right and left cerebella. The percent of total L1 cell adhesion molecule in lipid rafts was determined 4 and 72 h after hypoxia. RESULTS No sex differences were found. HI alone caused significant increases in the percent of L1 in lipid rafts which persisted until 72 h in the right but not the left cerebellum. A small but significant effect of LPS was detected in the left cerebellum 72 h after HI. Hypothermia had no effect. CONCLUSIONS Lipid rafts may be a new target for interventions of HIE. IMPACT This article investigates the effect of neonatal exposure to hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) on the distribution of membrane proteins in the cerebellum. This article explores the effectiveness of hypothermia as a prevention for the harmful effects of HIE on membrane protein distribution. This article shows an area of potential detriment secondary to HIE that persists with current treatments, and explores ideas for new treatments.
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张 新, 刘 晨, 马 瑜, 孟 楠, 蒋 景, 余 小, 王 晓. [The TXNIP/Trx-1/GPX4 pathway promotes ferroptosis in hippocampal neurons after hypoxia-ischemia in neonatal rats]. ZHONGGUO DANG DAI ER KE ZA ZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY PEDIATRICS 2022; 24:1053-1060. [PMID: 36111726 PMCID: PMC9495243 DOI: 10.7499/j.issn.1008-8830.2205149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To observe the change in ferroptosis in hippocampal neurons after hypoxia-ischemia (HI) in neonatal rats and investigate the related mechanism based on the TXNIP/Trx-1/GPX4 signaling pathway. METHODS Healthy neonatal Sprague-Dawley rats, aged 7 days, were randomly divided into three groups: sham-operation (n=30), hypoxic-ischemic brain damage (HIBD) (n=30) and siRNA (TXNIP siRNA) (n=12). The classic Rice-Vannucci method was used to establish a neonatal rat model of HIBD. At 6 hours, 24 hours, 72 hours, and 7 days after modeling, Western blot was used to measure the protein expression of GPX4 in the hippocampal tissue at the injured side; at 24 hours after modeling, laser speckle imaging combined with hematoxylin-eosin staining was used to determine whether the model was established successfully; NeuN/GPX4 and GFAP/GPX4 immunofluorescence staining combined with Western blot and other methods was used to measure the protein expression of GPX4 and the signal molecules TXNIP and Trx-1 in the hippocampal tissue at the injured side; the kits for determining the content of serum iron and tissue iron were used to measure the change in iron content; quantitative real-time PCR was used to measure the mRNA expression of TXNIP, Trx-1, and GPX4. RESULTS At 6 hours, 24 hours, 72 hours, and 7 days after modeling, the HIBD group had a significantly lower protein expression level of GPX4 than the sham-operation group (P<0.05). At 24 hours after modeling, the HIBD group had a significantly lower cerebral blood flow of the injured side than the sham-operation group (P<0.05), with loose and disordered arrangement and irregular morphology of hippocampal CA1 neurons at the injured side. Compared with the sham-operation group, the HIBD group had a significantly higher number of TXNIP+ cells and significantly lower numbers of Trx-1+ cells and NeuN+GPX4+/NeuN+ cells in the hippocampal CA1 region at the injured side (P<0.05), with almost no GFAP+GPX4+ cells in the hippocampal CA1 region. Compared with the sham-operation group, the HIBD group and the siRNA group had significantly higher levels of serum iron and tissue iron in the hippocampus at the injured side (P<0.05). Compared with the HIBD group, the siRNA group had significantly lower levels of serum iron and tissue iron in the hippocampus at the injured side (P<0.05). The HIBD group and the siRNA group had significantly higher mRNA and protein expression levels of TXNIP than the sham-operation group (P<0.05), and the siRNA group had significantly lower expression levels than the HIBD group (P<0.05). The HIBD group and the siRNA group had significantly lower mRNA and protein expression levels of Trx-1 and GPX4 in the hippocampus at the injured side than the sham-operation group (P<0.05), and the siRNA group had significantly higher expression levels than the HIBD group (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS HI induces ferroptosis of hippocampal neurons in neonatal rats by activating the TXNIP/Trx-1/GPX4 pathway, thereby resulting in HIBD.
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Johnson TW, Dar IA, Donohue KL, Xu YY, Santiago E, Selioutski O, Marinescu MA, Maddox RK, Wu TT, Schifitto G, Gosev I, Choe R, Khan IR. Cerebral Blood Flow Hemispheric Asymmetry in Comatose Adults Receiving Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:858404. [PMID: 35478849 PMCID: PMC9036108 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.858404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Peripheral veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) artificially oxygenates and circulates blood retrograde from the femoral artery, potentially exposing the brain to asymmetric perfusion. Though ECMO patients frequently experience brain injury, neurologic exams and imaging are difficult to obtain. Diffuse correlation spectroscopy (DCS) non-invasively measures relative cerebral blood flow (rBF) at the bedside using an optical probe on each side of the forehead. In this study we observed interhemispheric rBF differences in response to mean arterial pressure (MAP) changes in adult ECMO recipients. We recruited 13 subjects aged 21–78 years (7 with cardiac arrest, 4 with acute heart failure, and 2 with acute respiratory distress syndrome). They were dichotomized via Glasgow Coma Scale Motor score (GCS-M) into comatose (GCS-M ≤ 4; n = 4) and non-comatose (GCS-M > 4; n = 9) groups. Comatose patients had greater interhemispheric rBF asymmetry (ASYMrBF) vs. non-comatose patients over a range of MAP values (29 vs. 11%, p = 0.009). ASYMrBF in comatose patients resolved near a MAP range of 70–80 mmHg, while rBF remained symmetric through a wider MAP range in non-comatose patients. Correlations between post-oxygenator pCO2 or pH vs. ASYMrBF were significantly different between comatose and non-comatose groups. Our findings indicate that comatose patients are more likely to have asymmetric cerebral perfusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas W. Johnson
- Department of Neurology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Irfaan A. Dar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Kelly L. Donohue
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Yama Y. Xu
- School of Arts and Sciences, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Esmeralda Santiago
- School of Arts and Sciences, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Olga Selioutski
- Department of Neurology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Mark A. Marinescu
- Department of Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Ross K. Maddox
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, United States
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Tong Tong Wu
- Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Giovanni Schifitto
- Department of Neurology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Igor Gosev
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Regine Choe
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, United States
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Imad R. Khan
- Department of Neurology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States
- *Correspondence: Imad R. Khan,
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Wang Y, Mao J, Li X, Wang B, Zhou X. lncRNA HOTAIR mediates OGD/R-induced cell injury and angiogenesis in a EZH2-dependent manner. Exp Ther Med 2022; 23:99. [PMID: 34976141 PMCID: PMC8674968 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.11022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNA) serve an important role in neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) have been reported to regulate the activity of HIE-associated proteins. The present study aimed to elucidate the role of Hox transcript antisense intergenic RNA (HOTAIR) in oxygen-glucose deprivation/reperfusion (OGD/R)-induced injury in human brain microvascular endothelial cells (hBMVECs). The levels of HOTAIR were evaluated in the serum of neonatal patients with HIE, and the effects of HOTAIR were evaluated using in vitro assays, such as reverse transcription-quantitative PCR to detect lncRNA and mRNA levels and western blot analysis to determine protein levels. Moreover, RNA immunoprecipitation assays were used to evaluate the association between HOTAIR and enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2), Cell Counting Kit-8 was used to detect cell viability, an endothelial monolayer cell permeability assay was used to analyze cell viability, TUNEL staining was used to detect the levels of apoptosis, a Transwell assay was used to evaluate cell invasion and a tube formation assay was used to analyze tube formation ability. In addition, the effects of HOTAIR and EZH2 on cell apoptosis and the invasive and tube formation abilities of hBMVECs were investigated using TUNEL, Transwell and tube formation assays, respectively. The results showed that the expression levels of HOTAIR were markedly increased both in neonatal HIE patients and in the OGD/R injury in vitro model. HOTAIR knockdown reduced hBMVEC viability, enhanced cell permeability and apoptosis, in addition to decreasing the expression levels of tight junction-related proteins, such as zonula occludens-1, occluden, Claudin5 and vascular endothelial-cadherin. However, EZH2 overexpression reversed the effects of HOTAIR silencing on hBMVECs. Additionally, HOTAIR knockdown enhanced the migratory and tube formation abilities of OGD/R-induced hBMVECs, which were also reversed by EZH2 overexpression. Overall, the present study revealed an association between the HOTAIR/EZH2 axis and brain microvascular endothelial cell injury and angiogenesis, which provides a novel insight into the molecular mechanism underlying stroke or the development of new pharmacotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunpeng Wang
- Department of Neonatology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518052, P.R. China
| | - Jiaoyu Mao
- Department of Neonatology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518052, P.R. China
| | - Xiaodong Li
- Department of Neonatology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518052, P.R. China
| | - Beibei Wang
- Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoguang Zhou
- Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, P.R. China
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Natique KR, Das Y, Maxey MN, Sepulveda P, Brown LS, Chalak LF. Early Use of Transcranial Doppler Ultrasonography to Stratify Neonatal Encephalopathy. Pediatr Neurol 2021; 124:33-39. [PMID: 34509001 DOI: 10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2021.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The dynamic nature of neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) after birth necessitates reliable biomarkers to identify infants with evolving brain injury. This prospective cohort aims to use serial Doppler ultrasonography (US) to measure cerebral blood flow velocity and resistance index (RI) to help detect the time and evolution of the clinical encephalopathy. METHODS A total of 60 neonates were enrolled all ≥36 weeks' gestation with perinatal acidemia, defined as a blood gas pH ≤ 7.0 or base deficit ≥16 mmol/L and encephalopathy including a matched control group without encephalopathy. Each neonate received one to three serial Doppler recordings starting at six to 24 hours of life. Mean RI ≤ 0.55 was considered abnormal. RESULTS Mean RIs obtained shortly after birth were significantly lower with increasing severity of encephalopathy. On the first Doppler recordings, abnormal mean RIs were seen in 11 of 18 (61%) neonates with mild, 13 of 17 (76%) with moderate, and two of two (100%) with severe HIE. Of the neonates with mild HIE and abnormal mean RIs, congruity abnormal amplitude electroencephalography (45%), brain magnetic resonance imaging (45%), and abnormal head ultrasound (44%) are here reported. CONCLUSIONS Doppler measurements can provide bedside adjunct biomarkers indicating the time and severity of neonatal HIE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiran R Natique
- Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, Texas
| | - Yudhajit Das
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas, Arlington, Texas
| | | | | | | | - Lina F Chalak
- Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, Texas.
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10
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Chalak L, Hellstrom-Westas L, Bonifacio S, Tsuchida T, Chock V, El-Dib M, Massaro AN, Garcia-Alix A. Bedside and laboratory neuromonitoring in neonatal encephalopathy. Semin Fetal Neonatal Med 2021; 26:101273. [PMID: 34393094 PMCID: PMC8627431 DOI: 10.1016/j.siny.2021.101273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Several bedside and laboratory neuromonitoring tools are currently used in neonatal encephalopathy (NE) to assess 1) brain function [amplitude-integrated electroencephalogram (aEEG) and EEG], 2) cerebral oxygenation delivery and consumption [near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS)] and 3) blood and cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers. The aim of the review is to provide the role of neuromonitoring in understanding the development of brain injury in these newborns and better predict their long-term outcome. Simultaneous use of these monitoring modalities may improve our ability to provide meaningful prognostic information regarding ongoing treatments. Evidence will be summarized in this review for each of these modalities, by describing (1) the methods, (2) the clinical evidence in context of NE both before and with hypothermia, and (3) the research and future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Chalak
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, USA.
| | - L Hellstrom-Westas
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Division of Neonatology, Uppsala University Hospital, Sweden.
| | - S Bonifacio
- Division of Neonatal and Developmental Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine; 750 Welch Road, Suite 315, Palo Alto, CA, 94304, USA.
| | - T Tsuchida
- Department of Neurology and Pediatrics, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Children's National Hospital Division of Neurophysiology, Epilepsy and Critical Care, 111 Michigan Ave NW, West Wing, 4th Floor, Washington DC, 20010-2970, USA.
| | - V Chock
- Division of Neonatal and Developmental Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine; 750 Welch Road, Suite 315, Palo Alto, CA, 94304, USA.
| | - M El-Dib
- Department of Pediatric Newborn Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis St, CWN#418, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
| | - AN Massaro
- Department of Pediatrics, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Division of Neonatology, Children’s National Hospital, Washington, USA
| | - A Garcia-Alix
- Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain; University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; NeNe Foundation, Madrid, Spain; Passeig de Sant Joan de Déu, 2, 08950, Esplugues de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.
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11
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Ogawa Y, Tanaka E, Sato Y, Tsuji M. Brain damage caused by neonatal hypoxia-ischemia and the effects of hypothermia in severe combined immunodeficient (SCID) mice. Exp Neurol 2020; 337:113577. [PMID: 33359474 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2020.113577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) is a major cause of brain damage in newborns. Although therapeutic hypothermia has been shown to be neuroprotective against neonatal HIE in clinical trials, its effect is not satisfactory. Cell-based therapies have attracted much attention as novel treatments for HIE. Preclinical studies on a variety of human cell transplantation methods have been performed in immunodeficient/immunosuppressed animals, such as severe combined immunodeficient (SCID) mice, which lack functional T and B lymphocytes. The detailed characteristics of neonatal HIE in SCID mice, however, have not been delineated. In preclinical studies, novel therapies for neonatal HIE should be evaluated in combination with hypothermia, which has become a standard treatment for neonatal HIE. However, the effects of hypothermia in SCID mice have not been delineated. In the present study, we compared neonatal hypoxic-ischemic (HI) brain damage in SCID mice and wild-type mice treated with or without hypothermia. Male and female mouse pups were subjected to HI insult induced by unilateral common carotid artery ligation combined with systemic hypoxia on postnatal day 12. In the first 4 h after HI insult, body temperature was maintained at 36 °C for the normothermia groups or 32 °C for the hypothermia groups. The severity of brain damage in SCID mice did not differ from that in wild-type mice based on most evaluations, i.e., cerebral blood flow, hemiparesis, muscle strength, spontaneous activity, cerebral hemispheric volume, neuropathological injury, and serum cytokine levels, although spleen weight, brain weight, leukocyte counts and the levels of some cytokines in the peripheral blood were different between genotypes. The effects of hypothermia in SCID mice were comparable to those in wild-type mice based on most evaluations. Taken together, these findings indicate that SCID mice can be used as an appropriate preclinical model for cell therapies for neonatal HIE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuko Ogawa
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Tissue Engineering, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Japan; Department of Regenerative Medicine Research, Institute of Biomedical Research and Innovation, Kobe, Japan.
| | - Emi Tanaka
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Tissue Engineering, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Japan; Department of Pediatrics, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan.
| | - Yoshiaki Sato
- Division of Neonatology, Center for Maternal - Neonatal Care, Nagoya University Hospital, Nagoya, Japan.
| | - Masahiro Tsuji
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Tissue Engineering, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Japan; Department of Food and Nutrition, Kyoto Women's University, Kyoto, Japan.
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12
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Tsuji M, Ohshima M, Yamamoto Y, Saito S, Hattori Y, Tanaka E, Taguchi A, Ihara M, Ogawa Y. Cilostazol, a Phosphodiesterase 3 Inhibitor, Moderately Attenuates Behaviors Depending on Sex in the Ts65Dn Mouse Model of Down Syndrome. Front Aging Neurosci 2020; 12:106. [PMID: 32372946 PMCID: PMC7186592 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2020.00106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
People with Down syndrome, which is a trisomy of chromosome 21, exhibit intellectual disability from infancy and neuropathology similar to Alzheimer’s disease, such as amyloid plaques, from an early age. Recently, we showed that cilostazol, a selective inhibitor of phosphodiesterase (PDE) 3, promotes the clearance of amyloid β and rescues cognitive deficits in a mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease. The objective of the present study was to examine whether cilostazol improves behaviors in the most widely used animal model of Down syndrome, i.e., Ts65Dn mice. Mice were supplemented with cilostazol from the fetal period until young adulthood. Supplementation significantly ameliorated novel-object recognition in Ts65Dn females and partially ameliorated sensorimotor function as determined by the rotarod test in Ts65Dn females and hyperactive locomotion in Ts65Dn males. Cilostazol supplementation significantly shortened swimming distance in Ts65Dn males in the Morris water maze test, suggesting that the drug improved cognitive function, although it did not shorten swimming duration, which was due to decreased swimming speed. Thus, this study suggests that early supplementation with cilostazol partially rescues behavioral abnormalities seen in Down syndrome and indicates that the effects are sex-dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Tsuji
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Tissue Engineering, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Osaka, Japan
| | - Makiko Ohshima
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Tissue Engineering, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yumi Yamamoto
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Tissue Engineering, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Osaka, Japan
| | - Satoshi Saito
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Tissue Engineering, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Osaka, Japan.,Department of Neurology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yorito Hattori
- Department of Neurology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Osaka, Japan
| | - Emi Tanaka
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Tissue Engineering, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Osaka, Japan
| | - Akihiko Taguchi
- Department of Regenerative Medicine Research, Institute of Biomedical Research and Innovation, Kobe, Japan
| | - Masafumi Ihara
- Department of Neurology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yuko Ogawa
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Tissue Engineering, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Osaka, Japan
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13
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Zhou H, Wang X, Cheng R, Hou X, Chen Y, Feng Y, Qiu J. Analysis of long non-coding RNA expression profiles in neonatal rats with hypoxic-ischemic brain damage. J Neurochem 2019; 149:346-361. [PMID: 30802942 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.14689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2018] [Revised: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Hypoxic-ischemic brain damage (HIBD) which is a common cause of acute mortality and neurological dysfunction in neonates still lacks effective therapeutic methods. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) were demonstrated to play a crucial role in many diseases. To give a foundation for subsequent functional studies of lncRNAs in HIBD, we investigated the profiling of lncRNAs and messenger RNAs (mRNAs) using neonatal HIBD rat model. Six neonatal rats were divided into sham-operated group (n = 3) and HIBD group (n = 3) randomly. Deep RNA sequencing was implemented to find out the meaningful lncRNAs and mRNAs. Quantitative real-time PCR was used to validate expressions of lncRNAs and mRNAs. The Gene Ontology (GO) and kyoto encyclopedia of genes a genomes (KEGG) database were used to predict functions of lncRNAs. A total of 328 differentially expressed lncRNAs (177 down-regulated vs 151 up-regulated) and 7157 differentially expressed mRNAs (2552 down-regulated vs 4605 up-regulated) were identified. The Quantitative real-time PCR results showed significant differential expressions of five lncRNAs and five mRNAs which were consistent with the RNA-Seq data. Gene ontology and KEGG analysis showed these lncRNAs and their expression-correlated mRNAs were closely related to the Janus tyrosine kinase-signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK-STAT) signaling pathway, NF-kappa B signaling pathway, Toll-like receptor signaling pathway, calcium signaling pathway, Notch signaling pathway, mitogen activated protein kinase signaling pathway, neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction pathway and more. The results of our study identified the characterization and expression profiles of lncRNAs in neonatal HIBD and may be a basis for further therapeutic research. OPEN SCIENCE BADGES: This article has received a badge for *Open Materials* and *Open Data* because it provided all relevant information to reproduce the study in the manuscript and because it made the data publicly available. The data can be accessed at https://osf.io/yf3da/. The complete Open Science Disclosure form for this article can be found at the end of the article. More information about the Open Practices badges can be found at https://cos.io/our-services/open-science-badges/.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Zhou
- Department of Newborn Infants, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xuan Wang
- Department of Newborn Infants, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Rui Cheng
- Department of Newborn Infants, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xuewen Hou
- Department of Newborn Infants, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ying Chen
- Department of Newborn Infants, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yun Feng
- Department of Newborn Infants, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jie Qiu
- Department of Newborn Infants, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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14
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Ogawa Y, Tsuji M, Tanaka E, Miyazato M, Hino J. Bone Morphogenetic Protein (BMP)-3b Gene Depletion Causes High Mortality in a Mouse Model of Neonatal Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy. Front Neurol 2018; 9:397. [PMID: 29922215 PMCID: PMC5996078 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2018.00397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are a group of proteins that induce the formation of bone and the development of the nervous system. BMP-3b, also known as growth and differentiation factor 10, is a member of the BMPs that is highly expressed in the developing and adult brain. BMP-3b is therefore thought to play an important role in the brain even after physiological neurogenesis has completed. BMP-3b is induced in peri-infarct neurons in aged brains and is one of the most highly upregulated genes during the initiation of axonal sprouting. However, little is known about the role of BMP-3b in neonatal brain injury. In the present study, we aimed to describe the effects of BMP-3b gene depletion on neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy, which frequently results in death or lifelong neurological disabilities, such as cerebral palsy and mental retardation. BMP-3b knockout and wild type mice were prepared at postnatal day 12. Mice of each genotype were divided into sham-surgery, mild hypoxia-ischemia (HI), and severe HI groups (n = 12-45). Mice in the HI groups were subjected to left common carotid artery ligation followed by 30 min (mild HI) or 50 min (severe HI) of systemic hypoxic insult. A battery of tests, including behavioral tests, was performed, and the brain was then removed and evaluated at 14 days after insult. Compared with wild type pups, BMP-3b knockout pups demonstrated the following characteristics. (1) The males exposed to severe HI had a strikingly higher mortality rate, and as many as 70% of the knockout pups but none of the wild type pups died; (2) significantly more hyperactive locomotion was observed in males exposed to severe HI; and (3) significantly more hyperactive rearing was observed in both males and females exposed to mild HI. However, BMP-3b gene depletion did not affect other parameters, such as cerebral blood flow, cylinder test and rotarod test performance, body weight gain, brain weight, spleen weight, and neuroanatomical injury. The results of this study suggest that BMP-3b may play a crucial role to survive in severe neonatal hypoxic-ischemic insult.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuko Ogawa
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Tissue Engineering, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Japan
| | - Masahiro Tsuji
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Tissue Engineering, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Japan
| | - Emi Tanaka
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Tissue Engineering, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Japan
| | - Mikiya Miyazato
- Department of Biochemistry, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Japan
| | - Jun Hino
- Department of Biochemistry, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Japan
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15
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Carrasco M, Perin J, Jennings JM, Parkinson C, Gilmore MM, Chavez-Valdez R, Massaro AN, Koehler RC, Northington FJ, Tekes A, Lee JK. Cerebral Autoregulation and Conventional and Diffusion Tensor Imaging Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Neonatal Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy. Pediatr Neurol 2018; 82:36-43. [PMID: 29622488 PMCID: PMC5960435 DOI: 10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2018.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 02/16/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Deviation of mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) from the range that optimizes cerebral autoregulatory vasoreactivity (optimal MAP) could increase neurological injury from hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE). We tested whether a global magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) brain injury score and regional diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) are associated with optimal MAP in neonates with HIE. METHODS Twenty-five neonates cooled for HIE were monitored with the hemoglobin volume index. In this observational study, we identified optimal MAP and measured brain injury by qualitative and quantitative MRIs with the Neonatal Research Network (NRN) score and DTI mean diffusivity scalars. Optimal MAP and blood pressure were compared with brain injury. RESULTS Neonates with blood pressure measurements within optimal MAP during rewarming had less brain injury by NRN score (P = 0.040). Longer duration of MAP within optimal MAP during hypothermia correlated with higher mean diffusivity in the anterior centrum semiovale (P = 0.008) and pons (P = 0.002). Blood pressure deviation below optimal MAP was associated with lower mean diffusivity in cerebellar white matter (P = 0.033). Higher optimal MAP values related to lower mean diffusivity in the basal ganglia (P = 0.021), the thalamus (P = 0.006), the posterior limb of the internal capsule (P = 0.018), the posterior centrum semiovale (P = 0.035), and the cerebellar white matter (P = 0.008). Optimal MAP values were not associated with the NRN score. CONCLUSIONS The NRN score and the regional mean diffusivity scalars detected injury with mean arterial blood pressure deviations from the optimal MAP. Higher optimal MAP and lower mean diffusivity may be related because of cytotoxic edema and limited vasodilatory reserve at low MAP in injured brain. DTI detected injury with elevated optimal MAP better than the NRN score.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melisa Carrasco
- Department of Neurology, Division of Pediatric Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.
| | - Jamie Perin
- Center for Child and Community Health Research (CCHR), Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Jacky M. Jennings
- Center for Child and Community Health Research (CCHR), Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Charlamaine Parkinson
- Neurosciences Intensive Care Nursery, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland,Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Maureen M. Gilmore
- Neurosciences Intensive Care Nursery, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland,Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Raul Chavez-Valdez
- Neurosciences Intensive Care Nursery, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland,Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - An N. Massaro
- Department of Pediatrics, Children’s National Medical Center, George Washington University School of Medicine, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Raymond C. Koehler
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Frances J. Northington
- Neurosciences Intensive Care Nursery, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland,Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Aylin Tekes
- Neurosciences Intensive Care Nursery, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland,Department of Radiology, Division of Pediatric Radiology and Pediatric Neuroradiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Jennifer K. Lee
- Neurosciences Intensive Care Nursery, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland,Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
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16
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Tanaka E, Ogawa Y, Mukai T, Sato Y, Hamazaki T, Nagamura-Inoue T, Harada-Shiba M, Shintaku H, Tsuji M. Dose-Dependent Effect of Intravenous Administration of Human Umbilical Cord-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Neonatal Stroke Mice. Front Neurol 2018; 9:133. [PMID: 29568282 PMCID: PMC5852073 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2018.00133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2017] [Accepted: 02/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Neonatal brain injury induced by stroke causes significant disability, including cerebral palsy, and there is no effective therapy for stroke. Recently, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have emerged as a promising tool for stem cell-based therapies. In this study, we examined the safety and efficacy of intravenously administered human umbilical cord-derived MSCs (UC-MSCs) in neonatal stroke mice. Pups underwent permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion at postnatal day 12 (P12), and low-dose (1 × 104) or high-dose (1 × 105) UC-MSCs were administered intravenously 48 h after the insult (P14). To evaluate the effect of the UC-MSC treatment, neurological behavior and cerebral blood flow were measured, and neuroanatomical analysis was performed at P28. To investigate the mechanisms of intravenously injected UC-MSCs, systemic blood flowmetry, in vivo imaging and human brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) measurements were performed. Functional disability was significantly improved in the high-dose UC-MSC group when compared with the vehicle group, but cerebral blood flow and cerebral hemispheric volume were not restored by UC-MSC therapy. The level of exogenous human BDNF was elevated only in the cerebrospinal fluid of one pup 24 h after UC-MSC injection, and in vivo imaging revealed that most UC-MSCs were trapped in the lungs and disappeared in a week without migration toward the brain or other organs. We found that systemic blood flow was stable over the 10 min after cell administration and that there were no differences in mortality among the groups. Immunohistopathological assessment showed that the percent area of Iba1-positive staining in the peri-infarct cortex was significantly reduced with the high-dose UC-MSC treatment compared with the vehicle treatment. These results suggest that intravenous administration of UC-MSCs is safe for a mouse model of neonatal stroke and improves dysfunction after middle cerebral artery occlusion by modulating the microglial reaction in the peri-infarct cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emi Tanaka
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Tissue Engineering, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Japan.,Department of Pediatrics, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yuko Ogawa
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Tissue Engineering, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Japan
| | - Takeo Mukai
- Department of Cell Processing and Transfusion, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Sato
- Division of Neonatology, Center for Maternal-Neonatal Care, Nagoya University Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Takashi Hamazaki
- Department of Pediatrics, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tokiko Nagamura-Inoue
- Department of Cell Processing and Transfusion, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mariko Harada-Shiba
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Tissue Engineering, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Japan
| | - Haruo Shintaku
- Department of Pediatrics, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masahiro Tsuji
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Tissue Engineering, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Japan
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17
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Charriaut-Marlangue C, Besson VC, Baud O. Sexually Dimorphic Outcomes after Neonatal Stroke and Hypoxia-Ischemia. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 19:ijms19010061. [PMID: 29278365 PMCID: PMC5796011 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19010061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Revised: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 12/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Cohort studies have demonstrated a higher vulnerability in males towards ischemic and/or hypoxic-ischemic injury in infants born near- or full-term. Male sex was also associated with limited brain repair following neonatal stroke and hypoxia-ischemia, leading to increased incidence of long-term cognitive deficits compared to females with similar brain injury. As a result, the design of pre-clinical experiments considering sex as an important variable was supported and investigated because neuroprotective strategies to reduce brain injury demonstrated sexual dimorphism. While the mechanisms underlining these differences between boys and girls remain unclear, several biological processes are recognized to play a key role in long-term neurodevelopmental outcomes: gonadal hormones across developmental stages, vulnerability to oxidative stress, modulation of cell death, and regulation of microglial activation. This review summarizes the current evidence for sex differences in neonatal hypoxic-ischemic and/or ischemic brain injury, considering the major pathways known to be involved in cognitive and behavioral deficits associated with damages of the developing brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christiane Charriaut-Marlangue
- U1141 PROTECT, Inserm, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Hôpital Robert Debré, 48 boulevard Sérurier, 75019 Paris, France.
| | - Valérie C Besson
- U1141 PROTECT, Inserm, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Hôpital Robert Debré, 48 boulevard Sérurier, 75019 Paris, France.
- EA4475-Pharmacologie de la Circulation Cérébrale, Faculté de Pharmacie de Paris, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 4 Avenue de l'Observatoire, 75006 Paris, France.
| | - Olivier Baud
- U1141 PROTECT, Inserm, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Hôpital Robert Debré, 48 boulevard Sérurier, 75019 Paris, France.
- Division of Neonatology and Pediatric Intensive Care, Children's University Hospital of Geneva and University of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland.
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18
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Dang YX, Shi KN, Wang XM. Early Changes in Glutamate Metabolism and Perfusion in Basal Ganglia following Hypoxia-Ischemia in Neonatal Piglets: A Multi-Sequence 3.0T MR Study. Front Physiol 2017; 8:237. [PMID: 28487658 PMCID: PMC5404207 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2017] [Accepted: 04/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The excitotoxicity of glutamate metabolism as well as hemodynamic disorders of the brain are both risk factors for neonatal hypoxic–ischemic brain damage (HIBD). In the present study, changes in glutamate metabolism in the basal ganglia were detected by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS) at 0–6, 8–12, 24–30, and 48–60 h after the induction of hypoxia-ischemia (HI) in newborn piglets. Meanwhile, correlation analysis was performed by combining the microcirculatory perfusion informations acquired by intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) scan to explore their possible interaction mechanism. The results suggested that Glu level in the basal ganglia underwent a “two-phase” change after HI; perfusion fraction f, an IVIM-derived perfusion parameter, was clearly decreased in the early stage after HI, then demonstrated a transient and slight recovery process, and thereafter continued to decrease. The changes in f and Glu level were in a significant negative correlation (r = −0.643, P = 0.001). Our study results revealed that Glu level is closely associated with the microcirculatory perfusion changes in the acute stage of HIBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Xue Dang
- Department of Radiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical UniversityShenyang, China
| | - Kai-Ning Shi
- Department of Imaging Systems Clinical Science, Philips HealthcareBeijing, China
| | - Xiao-Ming Wang
- Department of Radiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical UniversityShenyang, China
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19
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Wang S, Li M, Guo Y, Li C, Wu L, Zhou XF, Luo Y, An D, Li S, Luo H, Pu L. Effects of Panax notoginseng ginsenoside Rb1 on abnormal hippocampal microenvironment in rats. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2017; 202:138-146. [PMID: 28065779 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2017.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2016] [Revised: 12/12/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Cerebral ischemia damages central neurons, and abnormal microenvironment in ischemic condition is the key factor to the damages. The increase of local concentration of glutamic acid, the overload of Ca2+, and the mitochondrial stress caused by release of cytochrome C are important factors of abnormal microenvironment in cerebral ischemia. In this study ginsenoside Rb1, a compound from Panax Notoginseng, was used to intervene abnormal environment of neurons in the hippocampal CA1 region in two animal models (microperfusion model and photothrombosis model). RESULTS Compared with the vehicle in the sham group, ginsenoside had following effects. a) ginsenoside Rb1 increased the regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) and the stability of neuronal ultrastructure in in the hippocampal CA1 region and improved the adaptability of neurons in two models. b) ginsenoside Rb1 improved the expression level of glial glutamate transporter1 (GLT-1) and reversed the uptake of glutamate (Glu) after ischemia, and as a result thereby decreased the excitability of Glu and the expression level of GLT-1 was proportional to the dose of ginsenoside Rb1 and similar to that of Nimodipine. c) ginsenoside Rb1 inhibited the expression level of NMDAR and the overload of Ca2+, thereby reducing neuronal damages. Meanwhile, the expression level of NMDAR was inversely proportional to the dose of ginsenoside Rb1, which was similar to that of Nimodipine. d) ginsenoside Rb1 decreased the release of cytochrome C (Cyt-C) and reduced the damages caused by neuronal mitochondrial stress. Meanwhile, the release of Cyt-C was inversely proportional to the dose of ginsenoside Rb1, which was similar to that of Nimodipine. Ginsenoside Rb1 may be as an effective drug for neuroprotection and improve cerebral blood flow after acute ischemia and prevent the secondary brain damage induced by stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyun Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Basic Medicine, Kunming medical university, Kunming, Yunnan, PR China; Department of Pharmacology, Affiliated hospital of Xiangnan university, Chenzhou, Hunan, PR China
| | - Minghong Li
- Department of Physiology, College of Basic Medicine, Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming, Yunnan, PR China
| | - Ying Guo
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Basic Medicine, Kunming medical university, Kunming, Yunnan, PR China
| | - Chen Li
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Basic Medicine, Kunming medical university, Kunming, Yunnan, PR China
| | - Lanou Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Basic Medicine, Kunming medical university, Kunming, Yunnan, PR China
| | - Xin-Fu Zhou
- School of Pharmacology and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Yaohui Luo
- Department of Basic Medical Experiment, College of Basic Medicine, Kunming medical university, Kunming, Yunnan, PR China
| | - Dong An
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Basic Medicine, Kunming medical university, Kunming, Yunnan, PR China
| | - Shude Li
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Basic Medicine, Kunming medical university, Kunming, Yunnan, PR China
| | - Haiyun Luo
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Basic Medicine, Kunming medical university, Kunming, Yunnan, PR China.
| | - Lijin Pu
- Department of Cardiology, First affiliated hospital of Kunming medical university, Kunming, Yunnan, PR China.
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Rumajogee P, Bregman T, Miller SP, Yager JY, Fehlings MG. Rodent Hypoxia-Ischemia Models for Cerebral Palsy Research: A Systematic Review. Front Neurol 2016; 7:57. [PMID: 27199883 PMCID: PMC4843764 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2016.00057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2015] [Accepted: 04/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Cerebral palsy (CP) is a complex multifactorial disorder, affecting approximately 2.5-3/1000 live term births, and up to 22/1000 prematurely born babies. CP results from injury to the developing brain incurred before, during, or after birth. The most common form of this condition, spastic CP, is primarily associated with injury to the cerebral cortex and subcortical white matter as well as the deep gray matter. The major etiological factors of spastic CP are hypoxia/ischemia (HI), occurring during the last third of pregnancy and around birth age. In addition, inflammation has been found to be an important factor contributing to brain injury, especially in term infants. Other factors, including genetics, are gaining importance. The classic Rice-Vannucci HI model (in which 7-day-old rat pups undergo unilateral ligation of the common carotid artery followed by exposure to 8% oxygen hypoxic air) is a model of neonatal stroke that has greatly contributed to CP research. In this model, brain damage resembles that observed in severe CP cases. This model, and its numerous adaptations, allows one to finely tune the injury parameters to mimic, and therefore study, many of the pathophysiological processes and conditions observed in human patients. Investigators can recreate the HI and inflammation, which cause brain damage and subsequent motor and cognitive deficits. This model further enables the examination of potential approaches to achieve neural repair and regeneration. In the present review, we compare and discuss the advantages, limitations, and the translational value for CP research of HI models of perinatal brain injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prakasham Rumajogee
- Division of Genetics and Development, Krembil Research Institute, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network , Toronto, ON , Canada
| | - Tatiana Bregman
- Division of Genetics and Development, Krembil Research Institute, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network , Toronto, ON , Canada
| | - Steven P Miller
- Department of Pediatrics, Hospital for Sick Children , Toronto, ON , Canada
| | - Jerome Y Yager
- Division of Pediatric Neurosciences, Stollery Children's Hospital, University of Alberta , Edmonton, AB , Canada
| | - Michael G Fehlings
- Division of Genetics and Development, Krembil Research Institute, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada; Division of Neurosurgery, Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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A new method for evaluating regional cerebral blood flow changes: Laser speckle contrast imaging in a C57BL/6J mouse model of photothrombotic ischemia. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 36:174-180. [PMID: 27072958 DOI: 10.1007/s11596-016-1562-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2015] [Revised: 12/23/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The present study aimed to improve the processing of data acquired from laser speckle contrast imaging (LSCI) to provide a standardization method to explore changes in regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) and to determine the correlations among rCBF, cerebral ischemic lesion volume and microvascular density over time in a focal ischemic region. C57BL/6J mice were subjected to focal photothrombotic (PT) ischemia. rCBF was measured using LSCI at different time points before and after PT ischemia through an intact skull. Standardized rCBF (SrCBF), defined as the ratio of rCBF measured in the ipsilateral region of interest (ROI) to that in the corresponding contralateral region, was calculated to evaluate potential changes. In addition, the volume of the ischemic lesion and the microvascular density were determined using Nissl staining and immunofluorescence, respectively. The relationships among the ischemic lesion volume, microvascular density and SrCBF were analyzed over time. The results showed that the cortical rCBF measured using LSCI following PT ischemia in the C57BL/6J mice gradually increased. Changes in the cerebral ischemic lesion volume were negatively correlated with SrCBF in the ischemic region. Changes in the microvascular density were similar to those observed in SrCBF. Our findings indicate that LSCI is a practical technique for observing changes in murine cortical rCBF without skull opening and for analyzing the relationships among the ischemic lesion volume, microvascular density and SrCBF following focal cerebral ischemia. Preliminary results also suggest that the use of LSCI to observe the formation of collateral circulation is feasible.
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22
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Wood T, Smit E, Maes E, Osredkar D, Falck M, Elstad M, Thoresen M. Monitoring of cerebral blood flow during hypoxia-ischemia and resuscitation in the neonatal rat using laser speckle imaging. Physiol Rep 2016; 4:e12749. [PMID: 27081159 PMCID: PMC4831323 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.12749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2016] [Accepted: 02/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) is associated with alterations in cerebral blood flow (CBF) as a result of perinatal asphyxia. The extent to whichCBFchanges contribute to injury, and whether treatments that ameliorate these changes might be neuroprotective, is still unknown. Higher throughput techniques to monitorCBFchanges in rodent models ofHIEcan help elucidate the underlying pathophysiology. We developed a laser speckle imaging (LSI) technique to continuously monitorCBFin six postnatal-day 10 (P10) rats simultaneously before, during, and after unilateral hypoxia-ischemia (HI, ligation of the left carotid artery followed by hypoxia in 8% oxygen). After ligation,CBFto the ligated side fell by 30% compared to the unligated side (P < 0.0001). Hypoxia induced a bilateral 55% reduction inCBF, which was partially restored by resuscitation. Compared to resuscitation in air, resuscitation in 100% oxygen increasedCBFto the ligated side by 45% (P = 0.033). Individual variability inCBFresponse to hypoxia between animals accounted for up to 24% of the variability in hemispheric area loss to the ligated side. In both P10 and P7 models of unilateralHI, resuscitation in 100% oxygen did not affect hemispheric area loss, or hippocampalCA1 pyramidal neuron counts, after 1-week survival. ContinuousCBFmonitoring usingLSIin multiple rodents simultaneously can screen potential treatment modalities that affectCBF, and provide insight into the pathophysiology ofHI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Wood
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Elisa Smit
- Neonatal Neuroscience, School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Elke Maes
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Damjan Osredkar
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Mari Falck
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Maja Elstad
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Marianne Thoresen
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway Neonatal Neuroscience, School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
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23
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Zhou QB, Ju XN, Wang XY, Wang MH, Kong F, Sun C, Bi JZ. Pretreatment with baicalin attenuates hypoxia and glucose deprivation-induced injury in SH-SY5Y cells. Chin J Integr Med 2015; 22:201-6. [PMID: 26688183 DOI: 10.1007/s11655-015-2326-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the neuroprotective effects of baicalin against hypoxia and glucose deprivation-reperfusion (OGD/RO)-induced injury in SH-SY5Y cells. METHODS SH-SY5Y cells were divided into a control group, a OGD/RO group, which was subject to OGD/RO induction; and 3 baicalin groups subject to baicalin (1, 5, 25 μmol/L) for 2 h before induction of OGD/RO (low-, medium-, and high-dose baicalin groups). Cell viability was detected by thiazolyl blue tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay and flow cytometric analysis was used to detect cell apoptosis. Real-time polymerase chain reaction was performed to determine the mRNA expression of caspase-3 gene. Western blot analysis was conducted to determine the expression of nuclear factor (NF)-κB and N-methyl-daspartic acid receptor-1 (NMDAR1). RESULTS Baicalin could significantly attenuate OGD/RO mediated apoptotic cell death in SH-SY5Y cells; the apoptosis rates in the low-, medium- and high-dose groups were 12.1%, 7.9%, and 5.4%, respectively. Western blot and real-time PCR analysis revealed that significant decrease in caspase-3 expression in the baicalin group compared with the OGD/RO group (P<0.01). Additionally, down-regulation of NF-κB and NMDAR1 was observed in the baicalin group compared with those obtained from the OGD/RO group. Compared with the low-dose baicalin group, remarkable decrease was noted in the medium- and high-dose groups (P<0.01). CONCLUSION Baicalin pre-treatment attenuates brain ischemia reperfusion injury by suppressing cellular apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-bo Zhou
- Department of Neurology, the Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250033, China
| | - Xiao-ning Ju
- Department of Neurology, the Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250033, China
| | - Xiao-yun Wang
- Department of Neurology, the Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250033, China
| | - Mei-hong Wang
- Department of Neurology, the Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250033, China
| | - Feng Kong
- Central Laboratory, the Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250033, China
| | - Chao Sun
- Central Laboratory, the Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250033, China
| | - Jian-zhong Bi
- Department of Neurology, the Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250033, China.
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24
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Buckley EM, Patel SD, Miller BF, Franceschini MA, Vannucci SJ. In vivo Monitoring of Cerebral Hemodynamics in the Immature Rat: Effects of Hypoxia-Ischemia and Hypothermia. Dev Neurosci 2015; 37:407-16. [PMID: 26021410 DOI: 10.1159/000381704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2014] [Accepted: 03/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neonatal hypoxic-ischemic (HI) encephalopathy occurs in 1-4 per 1,000 live term births and can cause devastating neurodevelopmental disabilities. Currently, therapeutic hypothermia (TH) is the only treatment with proven efficacy. Since TH is associated with decreased cerebral metabolism and cerebral blood flow (CBF), it is important to assess CBF at the bedside. Diffuse correlation spectroscopy (DCS) has emerged as a promising optical modality to noninvasively assess an index of CBF (CBFi) in both humans and animals. In this initial descriptive study, we employ DCS to monitor the evolution of CBFi following HI with or without TH in immature rats. We investigate potential relationships between CBF and subsequent cerebral damage. METHODS HI was induced on postnatal day 10 or 11 rat pups by right common carotid artery ligation followed by 60-70 min hypoxia (8% oxygen). After HI, the pups recovered for 4 h under hypothermia (HI-TH group, n = 23) or normothermia (HI-N group, n = 23). Bilateral measurements of hemispheric CBFi were made with DCS in unanesthetized animals at baseline, before HI, and 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 24 h after HI. The animals were sacrificed at either 1 or 4 weeks, and brain injury was scored on an ordinal scale of 0-5 (0 = no injury). RESULTS Carotid ligation caused moderate bilateral decreases in CBFi. Following HI, an initial hyperemia was observed that was more prominent in the contralateral hemisphere. After initiation of TH, CBFi dropped significantly below baseline levels and remained reduced for the duration of TH. In contrast, CBFi in the HI-N group was not significantly decreased from baseline levels. Reductions in CBFi after 4 h of TH were not associated with reduced damage at 1 or 4 weeks. However, elevated ipsilateral CBFi and ipsilateral-to-contralateral CBFi ratios at 24 h were associated with worse outcome at 1 week after HI. CONCLUSIONS Both HI and TH alter CBFi, with significant differences in CBFi between hypothermic and normothermic groups after HI. CBFi may be a useful biomarker of subsequent cerebral damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin M Buckley
- Department of Radiology, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Mass., USA
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Ek CJ, D'Angelo B, Baburamani AA, Lehner C, Leverin AL, Smith PLP, Nilsson H, Svedin P, Hagberg H, Mallard C. Brain barrier properties and cerebral blood flow in neonatal mice exposed to cerebral hypoxia-ischemia. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2015; 35:818-27. [PMID: 25627141 PMCID: PMC4420855 DOI: 10.1038/jcbfm.2014.255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2014] [Revised: 12/05/2014] [Accepted: 12/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Insults to the developing brain often result in irreparable damage resulting in long-term deficits in motor and cognitive functions. The only treatment today for hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) in newborns is hypothermia, which has limited clinical benefit. We have studied changes to the blood-brain barriers (BBB) as well as regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) in a neonatal model of HIE to further understand the underlying pathologic mechanisms. Nine-day old mice pups, brain roughly equivalent to the near-term human fetus, were subjected to hypoxia-ischemia. Hypoxia-ischemia increased BBB permeability to small and large molecules within hours after the insult, which normalized in the following days. The opening of the BBB was associated with changes to BBB protein expression whereas gene transcript levels were increased showing direct molecular damage to the BBB but also suggesting compensatory mechanisms. Brain pathology was closely related to reductions in rCBF during the hypoxia as well as the areas with compromised BBB showing that these are intimately linked. The transient opening of the BBB after the insult is likely to contribute to the pathology but at the same time provides an opportunity for therapeutics to better reach the infarcted areas in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Joakim Ek
- Department of Physiology, Institute for Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Barbara D'Angelo
- Department of Physiology, Institute for Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ana A Baburamani
- 1] Department of Physiology, Institute for Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden [2] Centre for the Developing Brain, Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, King's College London, King's Health Partners, St. Thomas' Hospital, London, UK
| | - Christine Lehner
- Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg, Department of Traumatology and Sport Injuries, Institute of Tendon and Bone Regeneration, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria; Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration
| | - Anna-Lena Leverin
- Department of Physiology, Institute for Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Peter L P Smith
- Department of Physiology, Institute for Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Holger Nilsson
- Department of Physiology, Institute for Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Pernilla Svedin
- Department of Physiology, Institute for Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Henrik Hagberg
- 1] Centre for the Developing Brain, Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, King's College London, King's Health Partners, St. Thomas' Hospital, London, UK [2] Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute for Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Carina Mallard
- Department of Physiology, Institute for Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Ohshima M, Taguchi A, Tsuda H, Sato Y, Yamahara K, Harada-Shiba M, Miyazato M, Ikeda T, Iida H, Tsuji M. Intraperitoneal and intravenous deliveries are not comparable in terms of drug efficacy and cell distribution in neonatal mice with hypoxia-ischemia. Brain Dev 2015; 37:376-86. [PMID: 25034178 DOI: 10.1016/j.braindev.2014.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2014] [Revised: 06/23/2014] [Accepted: 06/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Most therapeutic agents are administered intravenously (IV) in clinical settings and intraperitoneally (IP) in preclinical studies with neonatal rodents; however, it remains unclear whether intraperitoneal (IP) injection is truly an acceptable alternative for intravenous (IV) injection in preclinical studies. The objective of our study is to clarify the differences in the therapeutic effects of drugs and in the distribution of infused cells after an IP or IV injection in animals with brain injury. METHODS Dexamethasone or MK-801, an N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor antagonist was administered either IP or IV in a mouse model of neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy. Green fluorescent protein-expressing mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) or mononuclear cells (MNCs) were injected IP or IV in the mouse model. Two hours and 24h after the administration of the cells, we investigated the cell distributions by immunohistochemical staining. We also investigated distribution of IV administered MNCs labeled with 2-[18F]fluoro-2-deoxy-d-glucose in a juvenile primate, a macaque with stroke 1h after the administration. RESULTS IP and IV administration of dexamethasone attenuated the brain injury to a similar degree. IP administration of MK-801 attenuated brain injury, whereas IV administration of MK-801 did not. The IV group showed a significantly greater number of infused cells in the lungs and brains in the MSC cohort and in the spleen, liver, and lung in the MNC cohort compared to the IP group. In the macaque, MNCs were detected in the spleen and liver in large amounts, but not in the brain and lungs. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated that the administration route influences the effects of drugs and cell distribution. Therefore, a preclinical study may need to be performed using the optimal administration route used in a clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makiko Ohshima
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Tissue Engineering, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Akihiko Taguchi
- Department of Regenerative Medicine Research, Institute of Biomedical Research Innovation, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Hidetoshi Tsuda
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Tissue Engineering, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Sato
- Division of Neonatology, Center for Maternal-Neonatal Care, Nagoya University Hospital, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Kenichi Yamahara
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Tissue Engineering, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Mariko Harada-Shiba
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Tissue Engineering, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Mikiya Miyazato
- Department of Biochemistry, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Ikeda
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mie University School of Medicine, Tsu, Mie, Japan
| | - Hidehiro Iida
- Department of Investigative Radiology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masahiro Tsuji
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Tissue Engineering, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Osaka, Japan.
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27
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CIC-3 chloride channel blockade protects mouse photoreceptor-derived 661W cells against ischemia-reperfusion-induced injury in vitro. Mol Cell Toxicol 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s13273-015-0006-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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28
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Moretti R, Pansiot J, Bettati D, Strazielle N, Ghersi-Egea JF, Damante G, Fleiss B, Titomanlio L, Gressens P. Blood-brain barrier dysfunction in disorders of the developing brain. Front Neurosci 2015; 9:40. [PMID: 25741233 PMCID: PMC4330788 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2015.00040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2014] [Accepted: 01/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Disorders of the developing brain represent a major health problem. The neurological manifestations of brain lesions can range from severe clinical deficits to more subtle neurological signs or behavioral problems and learning disabilities, which often become evident many years after the initial damage. These long-term sequelae are due at least in part to central nervous system immaturity at the time of the insult. The blood-brain barrier (BBB) protects the brain and maintains homeostasis. BBB alterations are observed during both acute and chronic brain insults. After an insult, excitatory amino acid neurotransmitters are released, causing reactive oxygen species (ROS)-dependent changes in BBB permeability that allow immune cells to enter and stimulate an inflammatory response. The cytokines, chemokines and other molecules released as well as peripheral and local immune cells can activate an inflammatory cascade in the brain, leading to secondary neurodegeneration that can continue for months or even years and finally contribute to post-insult neuronal deficits. The role of the BBB in perinatal disorders is poorly understood. The inflammatory response, which can be either acute (e.g., perinatal stroke, traumatic brain injury) or chronic (e.g., perinatal infectious diseases) actively modulates the pathophysiological processes underlying brain injury. We present an overview of current knowledge about BBB dysfunction in the developing brain during acute and chronic insults, along with clinical and experimental data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raffaella Moretti
- INSERM U1141, Robert Debre's Hospital Paris, France ; Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, UMRS 1141-PROTECT Paris, France ; PremUP Paris, France ; S. Maria della Misericordia Hospital, Università degli Studi di Udine Udine, Italy
| | - Julien Pansiot
- INSERM U1141, Robert Debre's Hospital Paris, France ; Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, UMRS 1141-PROTECT Paris, France ; PremUP Paris, France
| | - Donatella Bettati
- INSERM U1141, Robert Debre's Hospital Paris, France ; Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, UMRS 1141-PROTECT Paris, France ; PremUP Paris, France
| | - Nathalie Strazielle
- Lyon Neurosciences Research Center, INSERM U1028, CNRS UMR5292 - Lyon University Lyon, France ; Brain-i Lyon, France
| | | | - Giuseppe Damante
- S. Maria della Misericordia Hospital, Università degli Studi di Udine Udine, Italy
| | - Bobbi Fleiss
- INSERM U1141, Robert Debre's Hospital Paris, France ; Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, UMRS 1141-PROTECT Paris, France ; PremUP Paris, France ; Department of Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, Centre for the Developing Brain, St. Thomas' Hospital London, UK
| | - Luigi Titomanlio
- INSERM U1141, Robert Debre's Hospital Paris, France ; Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, UMRS 1141-PROTECT Paris, France ; PremUP Paris, France ; Pediatric Emergency Department, APHP, Robert Debré Hospital Paris, France
| | - Pierre Gressens
- INSERM U1141, Robert Debre's Hospital Paris, France ; Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, UMRS 1141-PROTECT Paris, France ; PremUP Paris, France ; Department of Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, Centre for the Developing Brain, St. Thomas' Hospital London, UK
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29
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Chen X, Deng A, Zhou T, Ding F. Pretreatment with 2-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethyl-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-β-D-pyranoside attenuates cerebral ischemia/reperfusion-induced injury in vitro and in vivo. PLoS One 2014; 9:e100126. [PMID: 24991917 PMCID: PMC4084628 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0100126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2014] [Accepted: 05/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Salidroside, extracted from the root of Rhodiola rosea L, is known for its pharmacological properties, in particular its neuroprotective effects. 2-(4-Methoxyphenyl) ethyl-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-β-D-pyranoside (GlcNAc-Sal), an analog of salidroside, was recently synthesized and shown to possess neuroprotective properties. The purpose of the current study was to investigate the neuroprotective effects of GlcNAc-Sal against oxygen-glucose deprivation-reperfusion (OGD-R)-induced neurotoxicity in vitro and global cerebral ischemia-reperfusion (GCI-R) injury in vivo. Cell viability tests and Hoechst 33342 staining confirmed that GlcNAc-Sal pretreatment markedly attenuated OGD-R induced apoptotic cell death in immortalized mouse hippocampal HT22 cells. Western blot, immunofluorescence and PCR analyses revealed that GlcNAc-Sal pretreatment restored the balance of pro- and anti-apoptotic proteins and inhibited the activation of caspase-3 and PARP induced by OGD-R treatment. Further analyses showed that GlcNAc-Sal pretreatment antagonized reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, iNOS-derived NO production and NO-related apoptotic cell death during OGD-R stimulation. GCI-R was induced by bilateral common carotid artery occlusion (BCCAO) and reperfusion in mice in vivo. Western blot analysis showed that GlcNAc-Sal pretreatment decreased the expression of caspase-3 and increased the expression of Bcl-2 (B-cell lymphoma 2)/Bax (Bcl-2-associated X protein) induced by GCI-R treatment. Our findings suggest that GlcNAc-Sal pretreatment prevents brain ischemia reperfusion injury by the direct or indirect suppression of cell apoptosis and GlcNAc-Sal could be developed as a broad-spectrum agent for the prevention and/or treatment of cerebral ischemic injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Chen
- Basic Medical Research Centre, Medical School, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Aiqing Deng
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Tianqiu Zhou
- Department of ophtalmology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Fei Ding
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China
- * E-mail:
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30
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Taniguchi H, Anacker C, Wang Q, Andreasson K. Protection by vascular prostaglandin E2 signaling in hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy. Exp Neurol 2014; 255:30-7. [PMID: 24560715 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2014.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2014] [Accepted: 02/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) in neonates is a leading cause of neurological impairment. Significant progress has been achieved investigating the pathologic contributions of excitotoxicity, oxidative stress, and neuroinflammation to cerebral injury in HIE. Less extensively investigated has been the contribution of vascular dysfunction, and whether modulation of cerebral perfusion may improve HIE outcome. Here, we investigated the function of the prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) EP4 receptor, a vasoactive Gαs-protein coupled receptor (GPCR), in rodent models of neonatal HIE. The function of PGE2 signaling through the EP4 receptor was investigated using pharmacological and conditional knockout genetic strategies in vivo in rodent models of HIE. Pharmacologic activation of the EP4 receptor with a selective agonist was significantly cerebroprotective both acutely and after 7days. Measurement of cerebral perfusion during and after hypoxia-ischemia demonstrated that EP4 receptor activation improved cerebral perfusion in both the contralateral and ipsilateral hypoxic-ischemic hemispheres. To test whether vascular EP4 signaling exerted a critical function in HIE injury, cell specific conditional knockout mouse pups were generated in which endothelial EP4 receptor was selectively deleted postnatally. VE-Cadherin Cre-ER(T2);EP4(lox/lox) pups demonstrated significant increases in cerebral injury as compared to VE-Cadherin Cre-ER(T2);EP4(+/+) control littermates, indicating that endothelial EP4 signaling is protective in HIE. Our findings identify vascular PGE2 signaling through its EP4 receptor as protective in HIE. Given the pharmacologic accessibility of endothelial EP4 GPCRs, these data support further investigation into novel approaches to target cerebral perfusion in neonatal HIE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidetoshi Taniguchi
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Christoph Anacker
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Katrin Andreasson
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
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Charriaut-Marlangue C, Nguyen T, Bonnin P, Duy AP, Leger PL, Csaba Z, Pansiot J, Bourgeois T, Renolleau S, Baud O. Sildenafil mediates blood-flow redistribution and neuroprotection after neonatal hypoxia-ischemia. Stroke 2014; 45:850-6. [PMID: 24473179 DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.113.003606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The best conceivable treatment for hypoxia-ischemia (HI) is the restoration of blood flow to the hypoxic-ischemic region(s). Our objective was to examine whether boosting NO-cGMP signaling using sildenafil citrate, a phosphodiesterase-type 5 inhibitor, could modify cerebral blood flow and reduce lesions in the developing brain. METHODS HI was induced in P7 Sprague-Dawley rats by unilateral carotid artery occlusion and hypoxia, and followed by either PBS or sildenafil. Blood-flow velocities were measured by ultrasound imaging with sequential Doppler recordings to evaluate collateral recruitment. Cell death, blood-brain barrier integrity, and glial activation were analyzed by immunohistochemistry. Motor behavior was evaluated using an open-field device adapted to neonatal animals. RESULTS Sildenafil citrate (10 mg/kg) induced collateral patency, reduced terminal dUTP nick-end labeling-positive cells, reactive astrogliosis, and macrophage/microglial activation at 72 hours and 7 days post-HI. Sildenafil also reduced the number of terminal dUTP nick-end labeling-positive endothelial cells within lesion site. Seven days after HI and sildenafil treatment, tissue loss was significantly reduced, and animals recovered motor coordination. CONCLUSIONS Our findings strongly indicate that sildenafil citrate treatment, associated with a significant increase in cerebral blood flow, reduces HI damage and improves motor locomotion in neonatal rats. Sildenafil may represent an interesting therapeutic strategy for neonatal neuroprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christiane Charriaut-Marlangue
- From the Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, INSERM U1141, Paris, France (C.C.-M., T.N., A.P.D., P.-L.L., Z.C., J.P., T.B., O.B.); PremUP Foundation, Paris, France (C.C.-M., P.-L.L., J.P., O.B.); Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, AP-HP, Hôpital Lariboisière, Physiologie clinique - Explorations Fonctionnelles, Paris, France (P.B.); Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, INSERM, U965, Paris, France (P.B.); UPMC, Paris Universitas, AP-HP, Hôpital Armand Trousseau, Service de Réanimation, pédiatrique, Paris, France (S.R.); and Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, AP-HP Service de Réanimation et Pédiatrie Néonatales, Hôpital Robert Debré, Paris, France (O.B.)
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Effects of intravenous administration of umbilical cord blood CD34(+) cells in a mouse model of neonatal stroke. Neuroscience 2014; 263:148-58. [PMID: 24444827 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2014.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2013] [Revised: 01/06/2014] [Accepted: 01/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Neonatal stroke occurs in approximately 1/4000 live births and results in life-long neurological impairments: e.g., cerebral palsy. Currently, there is no evidence-based specific treatment for neonates with stroke. Several studies have reported the benefits of umbilical cord blood (UCB) cell treatment in rodent models of neonatal brain injury. However, all of the studies examined the effects of administering either the UCB mononuclear cell fraction or UCB-derived mesenchymal stem cells in neonatal rat models. The objective of this study was to examine the effects of human UCB CD34(+) cells (hematopoietic stem cell/endothelial progenitor cells) in a mouse model of neonatal stroke, which we recently developed. On postnatal day 12, immunocompromized (SCID) mice underwent permanent occlusion of the left middle cerebral artery (MCAO). Forty-eight hours after MCAO, human UCB CD34(+) cells (1×10(5)cells) were injected intravenously into the mice. The area in which cerebral blood flow (CBF) was maintained was temporarily larger in the cell-treated group than in the phosphate-buffered saline (PBS)-treated group at 24h after treatment. With cell treatment, the percent loss of ipsilateral hemispheric volume was significantly ameliorated (21.5±1.9%) compared with the PBS group (25.6±5.1%) when assessed at 7weeks after MCAO. The cell-treated group did not exhibit significant differences from the PBS group in either rotarod (238±46s in the sham-surgery group, 175±49s in the PBS group, 203±54s in the cell-treated group) or open-field tests. The intravenous administration of human UCB CD34(+) cells modestly reduced histological ischemic brain damage after neonatal stroke in mice, with a transient augmentation of CBF in the peri-infarct area.
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Charriaut-Marlangue C, Bonnin P, Leger P, Renolleau S. Brief update on hemodynamic responses in animal models of neonatal stroke and hypoxia–ischemia. Exp Neurol 2013; 248:316-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2013.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2013] [Accepted: 06/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Tsuji M, Ohshima M, Taguchi A, Kasahara Y, Ikeda T, Matsuyama T. A novel reproducible model of neonatal stroke in mice: Comparison with a hypoxia–ischemia model. Exp Neurol 2013; 247:218-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2013.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2013] [Revised: 04/01/2013] [Accepted: 04/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Leger PL, Bonnin P, Lacombe P, Couture-Lepetit E, Fau S, Renolleau S, Gharib A, Baud O, Charriaut-Marlangue C. Dynamic spatio-temporal imaging of early reflow in a neonatal rat stroke model. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2013; 33:137-45. [PMID: 23047273 PMCID: PMC3597373 DOI: 10.1038/jcbfm.2012.147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to better understand blood-flow changes in large arteries and microvessels during the first 15 minutes of reflow in a P7 rat model of arterial occlusion. Blood-flow changes were monitored by using ultrasound imaging with sequential Doppler recordings in internal carotid arteries (ICAs) and basilar trunk. Relative cerebral blood flow (rCBF) changes were obtained by using laser speckle Doppler monitoring. Tissue perfusion was measured with [(14)C]-iodoantipyrine autoradiography. Cerebral energy metabolism was evaluated by mitochondrial oxygen consumption. Gradual increase in mean blood-flow velocities illustrated a gradual perfusion during early reflow in both ICAs. On ischemia, the middle cerebral artery (MCA) territory presented a residual perfusion, whereas the caudal territory remained normally perfused. On reflow, speckle images showed a caudorostral propagation of reperfusion through anastomotic connections, and a reduced perfusion in the MCA territory. Autoradiography highlighted the caudorostral gradient, and persistent perfusion in ventral and medial regions. These blood-flow changes were accompanied by mitochondrial respiration impairment in the ipsilateral cortex. Collectively, these data indicate the presence of a primary collateral pathway through the circle of Willis, providing an immediate diversion of blood flow toward ischemic regions, and secondary efficient cortical anastomoses in the immature rat brain.
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