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Azevedo-Pereira RL, Aizman I, Nejadnik B. Mesenchymal Stem Cells Promote an Increase in Neuronal Oscillation via Glutamate Tonic Release. Neuroscience 2024; 552:76-88. [PMID: 38909673 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2024.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2024] [Revised: 06/16/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) hold therapeutic potential for neurological disorders, but their impact on neuronal activity remains unclear. We investigated the effects of SB623 cells (Notch-1 intracellular domain-transfected MSCs) and parental MSCs on human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived neurons using multi-electrode arrays. SB623 cells significantly increased neuronal activity and oscillation in a dose-dependent manner, surpassing astrocytes in promoting network bursts. Strikingly, glutamatergic neurons showed a rapid increase in activity and bursts compared to GABAergic neurons, suggesting glutamate release from SB623 cells. We confirmed this by finding high glutamate levels in SB623 cell conditioned medium, which were reduced by glutaminase inhibition. Glutamate release was further implicated by the reduced excitability in co-cultures with astrocytes, known glutamate scavengers. Our findings reveal a novel mechanism for MSCs: promoting neuronal activity and network formation through tonic glutamate release, with potential implications for MSC-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Irina Aizman
- SanBio Inc. Department of Research - In vitro, USA
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2
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Stasenko SV, Hramov AE, Kazantsev VB. Loss of neuron network coherence induced by virus-infected astrocytes: a model study. Sci Rep 2023; 13:6401. [PMID: 37076526 PMCID: PMC10115799 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-33622-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Coherent activations of brain neuron networks underlie many physiological functions associated with various behavioral states. These synchronous fluctuations in the electrical activity of the brain are also referred to as brain rhythms. At the cellular level, rhythmicity can be induced by various mechanisms of intrinsic oscillations in neurons or the network circulation of excitation between synaptically coupled neurons. One specific mechanism concerns the activity of brain astrocytes that accompany neurons and can coherently modulate synaptic contacts of neighboring neurons, synchronizing their activity. Recent studies have shown that coronavirus infection (Covid-19), which enters the central nervous system and infects astrocytes, can cause various metabolic disorders. Specifically, Covid-19 can depress the synthesis of astrocytic glutamate and gamma-aminobutyric acid. It is also known that in the post-Covid state, patients may suffer from symptoms of anxiety and impaired cognitive functions. We propose a mathematical model of a spiking neuron network accompanied by astrocytes capable of generating quasi-synchronous rhythmic bursting discharges. The model predicts that if the release of glutamate is depressed, normal burst rhythmicity will suffer dramatically. Interestingly, in some cases, the failure of network coherence may be intermittent, with intervals of normal rhythmicity, or the synchronization can disappear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey V Stasenko
- Scientific-educational mathematical center "Mathematics of future technologies", Lobachevsky University, Nizhniy Novgorod, Russia, 603022.
- Laboratory of neurobiomorphic technologies, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Moscow, Russia, 117303.
| | - Alexander E Hramov
- Baltic Center for Artificial Intelligence and Neurotechnology, Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, Kaliningrad, Russia, 236041
- Neuroscience Research Institute, Samara State Medical University, Samara, Russia, 443099
| | - Victor B Kazantsev
- Scientific-educational mathematical center "Mathematics of future technologies", Lobachevsky University, Nizhniy Novgorod, Russia, 603022
- Laboratory of neurobiomorphic technologies, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Moscow, Russia, 117303
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3
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Weir JS, Christiansen N, Sandvig A, Sandvig I. Selective inhibition of excitatory synaptic transmission alters the emergent bursting dynamics of in vitro neural networks. Front Neural Circuits 2023; 17:1020487. [PMID: 36874945 PMCID: PMC9978115 DOI: 10.3389/fncir.2023.1020487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurons in vitro connect to each other and form neural networks that display emergent electrophysiological activity. This activity begins as spontaneous uncorrelated firing in the early phase of development, and as functional excitatory and inhibitory synapses mature, the activity typically emerges as spontaneous network bursts. Network bursts are events of coordinated global activation among many neurons interspersed with periods of silencing and are important for synaptic plasticity, neural information processing, and network computation. While bursting is the consequence of balanced excitatory-inhibitory (E/I) interactions, the functional mechanisms underlying their evolution from physiological to potentially pathophysiological states, such as decreasing or increasing in synchrony, are still poorly understood. Synaptic activity, especially that related to maturity of E/I synaptic transmission, is known to strongly influence these processes. In this study, we used selective chemogenetic inhibition to target and disrupt excitatory synaptic transmission in in vitro neural networks to study functional response and recovery of spontaneous network bursts over time. We found that over time, inhibition resulted in increases in both network burstiness and synchrony. Our results indicate that the disruption in excitatory synaptic transmission during early network development likely affected inhibitory synaptic maturity which resulted in an overall decrease in network inhibition at later stages. These findings lend support to the importance of E/I balance in maintaining physiological bursting dynamics and, conceivably, information processing capacity in neural networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janelle Shari Weir
- Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Nicholas Christiansen
- Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Axel Sandvig
- Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.,Department of Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology, St. Olav's University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway.,Division of Neuro, Head and Neck, Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Neurosciences, Umeå University Hospital, Umeå, Sweden.,Division of Neuro, Head and Neck, Department of Community Medicine and Rehabilitation, Umeå University Hospital, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Ioanna Sandvig
- Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
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Wang Y, Graham ES, Unsworth CP. First observations of spontaneous bursting in human hNT neurons with a customised neural chip platform. Biomed Phys Eng Express 2019. [DOI: 10.1088/2057-1976/ab4b24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Shimba K, Sakai K, Iida S, Kotani K, Jimbo Y. Long-Term Developmental Process of the Human Cortex Revealed In Vitro by Axon-Targeted Recording Using a Microtunnel-Augmented Microelectrode Array. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 2019; 66:2538-2545. [DOI: 10.1109/tbme.2019.2891310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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6
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Schürmann M, Shepheard N, Frese N, Geishendorf K, Sudhoff H, Gölzhäuser A, Rückert U, Kaltschmidt C, Kaltschmidt B, Thomas A. Technical feasibility study for production of tailored multielectrode arrays and patterning of arranged neuronal networks. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0192647. [PMID: 29474358 PMCID: PMC5825013 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0192647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Accepted: 01/26/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In this manuscript, we first reveal a simple ultra violet laser lithographic method to design and produce plain tailored multielectrode arrays. Secondly, we use the same lithographic setup for surface patterning to enable controlled attachment of primary neuronal cells and help neurite guidance. For multielectrode array production, we used flat borosilicate glass directly structured with the laser lithography system. The multi layered electrode system consists of a layer of titanium coated with a layer of di-titanium nitride. Finally, these electrodes are covered with silicon nitride for insulation. The quality of the custom made multielectrode arrays was investigated by light microscopy, electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction. The performance was verified by the detection of action potentials of primary neurons. The electrical noise of the custom-made MEA was equal to commercially available multielectrode arrays. Additionally, we demonstrated that structured coating with poly lysine, obtained with the aid of the same lithographic system, could be used to attach and guide neurons to designed structures. The process of neuron attachment and neurite guidance was investigated by light microscopy and charged particle microscopy. Importantly, the utilization of the same lithographic system for MEA fabrication and poly lysine structuring will make it easy to align the architecture of the neuronal network to the arrangement of the MEA electrode.. In future studies, this will lead to multielectrode arrays, which are able to specifically attach neuronal cell bodies to their chemically defined electrodes and guide their neurites, gaining a controlled connectivity in the neuronal network. This type of multielectrode array would be able to precisely assign a signal to a certain neuron resulting in an efficient way for analyzing the maturation of the neuronal connectivity in small neuronal networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Schürmann
- Cell Biology, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Klinikum Bielefeld, Bielefeld, Germany
- * E-mail: (MS); (AT)
| | - Norman Shepheard
- Center for Spinelectronic Materials and Devices, Physics Department, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
- Cognitronics and Sensor Systems, Cognitive Interaction Technology Center of Excellence, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Natalie Frese
- Physics of Supramolecular Systems and Surfaces, Physics Department, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Kevin Geishendorf
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research Dresden (IFW Dresden), Institute for Metallic Materials, Dresden, Germany
| | - Holger Sudhoff
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Klinikum Bielefeld, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Armin Gölzhäuser
- Physics of Supramolecular Systems and Surfaces, Physics Department, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Ulrich Rückert
- Cognitronics and Sensor Systems, Cognitive Interaction Technology Center of Excellence, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
| | | | - Barbara Kaltschmidt
- Cell Biology, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
- Molecular Neurobiology, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Andy Thomas
- Center for Spinelectronic Materials and Devices, Physics Department, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research Dresden (IFW Dresden), Institute for Metallic Materials, Dresden, Germany
- * E-mail: (MS); (AT)
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7
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Gladkov A, Grinchuk O, Pigareva Y, Mukhina I, Kazantsev V, Pimashkin A. Theta rhythm-like bidirectional cycling dynamics of living neuronal networks in vitro. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0192468. [PMID: 29415033 PMCID: PMC5802926 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0192468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2016] [Accepted: 01/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The phenomena of synchronization, rhythmogenesis and coherence observed in brain networks are believed to be a dynamic substrate for cognitive functions such as learning and memory. However, researchers are still debating whether the rhythmic activity emerges from the network morphology that developed during neurogenesis or as a result of neuronal dynamics achieved under certain conditions. In the present study, we observed self-organized spiking activity that converged to long, complex and rhythmically repeated superbursts in neural networks formed by mature hippocampal cultures with a high cellular density. The superburst lasted for tens of seconds and consisted of hundreds of short (50-100 ms) small bursts with a high spiking rate of 139.0 ± 78.6 Hz that is associated with high-frequency oscillations in the hippocampus. In turn, the bursting frequency represents a theta rhythm (11.2 ± 1.5 Hz). The distribution of spikes within the bursts was non-random, representing a set of well-defined spatio-temporal base patterns or motifs. The long superburst was classified into two types. Each type was associated with a unique direction of spike propagation and, hence, was encoded by a binary sequence with random switching between the two "functional" states. The precisely structured bidirectional rhythmic activity that developed in self-organizing cultured networks was quite similar to the activity observed in the in vivo experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arseniy Gladkov
- Laboratory of Neuroengineering, Center of Translational Technologies, Lobachevsky State University of Nizhni Novgorod, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
- Cell Technology Department, Central Research Laboratory, Nizhny Novgorod State Medical Academy, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Oleg Grinchuk
- Information Science and Technology Department, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Yana Pigareva
- Laboratory of Neuroengineering, Center of Translational Technologies, Lobachevsky State University of Nizhni Novgorod, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Irina Mukhina
- Laboratory of Neuroengineering, Center of Translational Technologies, Lobachevsky State University of Nizhni Novgorod, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
- Cell Technology Department, Central Research Laboratory, Nizhny Novgorod State Medical Academy, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Victor Kazantsev
- Laboratory of Neuroengineering, Center of Translational Technologies, Lobachevsky State University of Nizhni Novgorod, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Alexey Pimashkin
- Laboratory of Neuroengineering, Center of Translational Technologies, Lobachevsky State University of Nizhni Novgorod, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
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8
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Huang YT, Chang YL, Chen CC, Lai PY, Chan CK. Positive feedback and synchronized bursts in neuronal cultures. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0187276. [PMID: 29091966 PMCID: PMC5665536 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0187276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2016] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Synchronized bursts (SBs) with complex structures are common in neuronal cultures. Although the phenomenon of SBs has been discovered for a long time, its origin is still unclear. Here, we investigate the properties of these SBs in cultures grown on a multi-electrode array. We find that structures of these SBs are related to the different developmental stages of the cultures and these structures can be modified by changing the magnesium concentration in the culture medium; indicating that synaptic mechanism is involved in the generation of SBs. A model based on short term synaptic plasticity (STSP), recurrent connections and astrocytic recycling of neurotransmitters has been developed successfully to understand the observed structures of SBs in experiments. A phase diagram obtained from this model shows that networks exhibiting SBs are in a complex oscillatory state due to large enough positive feedback provided by synaptic facilitation and recurrent connections. In this model, while STSP controls the fast oscillations (∼ 100 ms) within a SB, the astrocytic recycling determines the slow time scale (∼10 s) of inter-burst intervals. Our study suggests that glia-neuron interactions can be important in the understanding of the complex dynamics of neuronal networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ting Huang
- Dept. of Physics and Center for Complex Systems, National Central University, Chungli, Taiwan 320, ROC
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei, Taiwan 115, ROC
| | - Yu-Lin Chang
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei, Taiwan 115, ROC
| | - Chun-Chung Chen
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei, Taiwan 115, ROC
| | - Pik-Yin Lai
- Dept. of Physics and Center for Complex Systems, National Central University, Chungli, Taiwan 320, ROC
- * E-mail: (PYL); (CKC)
| | - C. K. Chan
- Dept. of Physics and Center for Complex Systems, National Central University, Chungli, Taiwan 320, ROC
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei, Taiwan 115, ROC
- * E-mail: (PYL); (CKC)
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9
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Amin H, Nieus T, Lonardoni D, Maccione A, Berdondini L. High-resolution bioelectrical imaging of Aβ-induced network dysfunction on CMOS-MEAs for neurotoxicity and rescue studies. Sci Rep 2017; 7:2460. [PMID: 28550283 PMCID: PMC5446416 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-02635-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2016] [Accepted: 05/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurotoxicity and the accumulation of extracellular amyloid-beta1–42 (Aβ) peptides are associated with the development of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and correlate with neuronal activity and network dysfunctions, ultimately leading to cellular death. However, research on neurodegenerative diseases is hampered by the paucity of reliable readouts and experimental models to study such functional decline from an early onset and to test rescue strategies within networks at cellular resolution. To overcome this important obstacle, we demonstrate a simple yet powerful in vitro AD model based on a rat hippocampal cell culture system that exploits large-scale neuronal recordings from 4096-electrodes on CMOS-chips for electrophysiological quantifications. This model allows us to monitor network activity changes at the cellular level and to uniquely uncover the early activity-dependent deterioration induced by Aβ-neurotoxicity. We also demonstrate the potential of this in vitro model to test a plausible hypothesis underlying the Aβ-neurotoxicity and to assay potential therapeutic approaches. Specifically, by quantifying N-methyl D-aspartate (NMDA) concentration-dependent effects in comparison with low-concentration allogenic-Aβ, we confirm the role of extrasynaptic-NMDA receptors activation that may contribute to Aβ-neurotoxicity. Finally, we assess the potential rescue of neural stem cells (NSCs) and of two pharmacotherapies, memantine and saffron, for reversing Aβ-neurotoxicity and rescuing network-wide firing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayder Amin
- Nets3 Laboratory, Departement of Neuroscience & Brain Technologies (NBT), Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), via morego 30, 16163, Genova, Italy.
| | - Thierry Nieus
- Nets3 Laboratory, Departement of Neuroscience & Brain Technologies (NBT), Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), via morego 30, 16163, Genova, Italy
| | - Davide Lonardoni
- Nets3 Laboratory, Departement of Neuroscience & Brain Technologies (NBT), Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), via morego 30, 16163, Genova, Italy
| | - Alessandro Maccione
- Nets3 Laboratory, Departement of Neuroscience & Brain Technologies (NBT), Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), via morego 30, 16163, Genova, Italy
| | - Luca Berdondini
- Nets3 Laboratory, Departement of Neuroscience & Brain Technologies (NBT), Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), via morego 30, 16163, Genova, Italy
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10
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Advances in Micro- and Nanotechnologies for Stem Cell-Based Translational Applications. STEM CELL BIOLOGY AND REGENERATIVE MEDICINE 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-29149-9_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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11
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DeMarse TB, Pan L, Alagapan S, Brewer GJ, Wheeler BC. Feed-Forward Propagation of Temporal and Rate Information between Cortical Populations during Coherent Activation in Engineered In Vitro Networks. Front Neural Circuits 2016; 10:32. [PMID: 27147977 PMCID: PMC4840215 DOI: 10.3389/fncir.2016.00032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2016] [Accepted: 04/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Transient propagation of information across neuronal assembles is thought to underlie many cognitive processes. However, the nature of the neural code that is embedded within these transmissions remains uncertain. Much of our understanding of how information is transmitted among these assemblies has been derived from computational models. While these models have been instrumental in understanding these processes they often make simplifying assumptions about the biophysical properties of neurons that may influence the nature and properties expressed. To address this issue we created an in vitro analog of a feed-forward network composed of two small populations (also referred to as assemblies or layers) of living dissociated rat cortical neurons. The populations were separated by, and communicated through, a microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) device containing a strip of microscale tunnels. Delayed culturing of one population in the first layer followed by the second a few days later induced the unidirectional growth of axons through the microtunnels resulting in a primarily feed-forward communication between these two small neural populations. In this study we systematically manipulated the number of tunnels that connected each layer and hence, the number of axons providing communication between those populations. We then assess the effect of reducing the number of tunnels has upon the properties of between-layer communication capacity and fidelity of neural transmission among spike trains transmitted across and within layers. We show evidence based on Victor-Purpura's and van Rossum's spike train similarity metrics supporting the presence of both rate and temporal information embedded within these transmissions whose fidelity increased during communication both between and within layers when the number of tunnels are increased. We also provide evidence reinforcing the role of synchronized activity upon transmission fidelity during the spontaneous synchronized network burst events that propagated between layers and highlight the potential applications of these MEMs devices as a tool for further investigation of structure and functional dynamics among neural populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas B DeMarse
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of FloridaGainesville, FL, USA; Department of Pediatric Neurology, University of FloridaGainesville, FL, USA
| | - Liangbin Pan
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Sankaraleengam Alagapan
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Gregory J Brewer
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Bruce C Wheeler
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of FloridaGainesville, FL, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of CaliforniaSan Diego, CA, USA
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12
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Shimba K, Sakai K, Takayama Y, Kotani K, Jimbo Y. Recording axonal conduction to evaluate the integration of pluripotent cell-derived neurons into a neuronal network. Biomed Microdevices 2015; 17:94. [PMID: 26303583 DOI: 10.1007/s10544-015-9997-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Stem cell transplantation is a promising therapy to treat neurodegenerative disorders, and a number of in vitro models have been developed for studying interactions between grafted neurons and the host neuronal network to promote drug discovery. However, methods capable of evaluating the process by which stem cells integrate into the host neuronal network are lacking. In this study, we applied an axonal conduction-based analysis to a co-culture study of primary and differentiated neurons. Mouse cortical neurons and neuronal cells differentiated from P19 embryonal carcinoma cells, a model for early neural differentiation of pluripotent stem cells, were co-cultured in a microfabricated device. The somata of these cells were separated by the co-culture device, but their axons were able to elongate through microtunnels and then form synaptic contacts. Propagating action potentials were recorded from these axons by microelectrodes embedded at the bottom of the microtunnels and sorted into clusters representing individual axons. While the number of axons of cortical neurons increased until 14 days in vitro and then decreased, those of P19 neurons increased throughout the culture period. Network burst analysis showed that P19 neurons participated in approximately 80% of the bursting activity after 14 days in vitro. Interestingly, the axonal conduction delay of P19 neurons was significantly greater than that of cortical neurons, suggesting that there are some physiological differences in their axons. These results suggest that our method is feasible to evaluate the process by which stem cell-derived neurons integrate into a host neuronal network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenta Shimba
- Department of Human and Engineered Environmental Studies, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, University of Tokyo, Room 1122, Faculty of Engineering Bldg., 14, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan,
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13
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Dranias MR, Westover MB, Cash S, VanDongen AMJ. Stimulus information stored in lasting active and hidden network states is destroyed by network bursts. Front Integr Neurosci 2015; 9:14. [PMID: 25755638 PMCID: PMC4337383 DOI: 10.3389/fnint.2015.00014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2014] [Accepted: 01/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
In both humans and animals brief synchronizing bursts of epileptiform activity known as interictal epileptiform discharges (IEDs) can, even in the absence of overt seizures, cause transient cognitive impairments (TCI) that include problems with perception or short-term memory. While no evidence from single units is available, it has been assumed that IEDs destroy information represented in neuronal networks. Cultured neuronal networks are a model for generic cortical microcircuits, and their spontaneous activity is characterized by the presence of synchronized network bursts (SNBs), which share a number of properties with IEDs, including the high degree of synchronization and their spontaneous occurrence in the absence of an external stimulus. As a model approach to understanding the processes underlying IEDs, optogenetic stimulation and multielectrode array (MEA) recordings of cultured neuronal networks were used to study whether stimulus information represented in these networks survives SNBs. When such networks are optically stimulated they encode and maintain stimulus information for as long as one second. Experiments involved recording the network response to a single stimulus and trials where two different stimuli were presented sequentially, akin to a paired pulse trial. We broke the sequential stimulus trials into encoding, delay and readout phases and found that regardless of which phase the SNB occurs, stimulus-specific information was impaired. SNBs were observed to increase the mean network firing rate, but this did not translate monotonically into increases in network entropy. It was found that the more excitable a network, the more stereotyped its response was during a network burst. These measurements speak to whether SNBs are capable of transmitting information in addition to blocking it. These results are consistent with previous reports and provide baseline predictions concerning the neural mechanisms by which IEDs might cause TCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark R Dranias
- VanDongen Laboratory, Program in Neuroscience and Behavioral Disorders, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School Singapore, Singapore
| | - M Brandon Westover
- Massachusetts General Hospital Boston, MA, USA ; Harvard Medical School Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sidney Cash
- Massachusetts General Hospital Boston, MA, USA ; Harvard Medical School Boston, MA, USA
| | - Antonius M J VanDongen
- VanDongen Laboratory, Program in Neuroscience and Behavioral Disorders, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School Singapore, Singapore
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14
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Merino JJ, Bellver-Landete V, Oset-Gasque MJ, Cubelos B. CXCR4/CXCR7 Molecular Involvement in Neuronal and Neural Progenitor Migration: Focus in CNS Repair. J Cell Physiol 2014; 230:27-42. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.24695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2013] [Accepted: 06/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- José Joaquín Merino
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Dept II; Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM); Madrid Spain
- Instituto de Investigación; Neuroquímica (IUIN), UCM; Madrid Spain
| | - Victor Bellver-Landete
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Dept II; Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM); Madrid Spain
| | - María Jesús Oset-Gasque
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Dept II; Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM); Madrid Spain
- Instituto de Investigación; Neuroquímica (IUIN), UCM; Madrid Spain
| | - Beatriz Cubelos
- Departamento de Biología Molecular; Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CBMSO); Universidad Autónoma de Madrid; Madrid Spain
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15
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Ertl P, Sticker D, Charwat V, Kasper C, Lepperdinger G. Lab-on-a-chip technologies for stem cell analysis. Trends Biotechnol 2014; 32:245-53. [PMID: 24726257 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2014.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2013] [Revised: 02/20/2014] [Accepted: 03/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The combination of microfabrication-based technologies with cell biology has laid the foundation for the development of advanced in vitro diagnostic systems capable of analyzing cell cultures under physiologically relevant conditions. In the present review, we address recent lab-on-a-chip developments for stem cell analysis. We highlight in particular the tangible advantages of microfluidic devices to overcome most of the challenges associated with stem cell identification, expansion and differentiation, with the greatest advantage being that lab-on-a-chip technology allows for the precise regulation of culturing conditions, while simultaneously monitoring relevant parameters using embedded sensory systems. State-of-the-art lab-on-a-chip platforms for in vitro assessment of stem cell cultures are presented and their potential future applications discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Ertl
- BioSensor Technologies, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Drago Sticker
- BioSensor Technologies, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Vienna, Austria
| | - Verena Charwat
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Cornelia Kasper
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
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Unal M, Alapan Y, Jia H, Varga AG, Angelino K, Aslan M, Sayin I, Han C, Jiang Y, Zhang Z, Gurkan UA. Micro and Nano-Scale Technologies for Cell Mechanics. Nanobiomedicine (Rij) 2014; 1:5. [PMID: 30023016 PMCID: PMC6029242 DOI: 10.5772/59379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2014] [Accepted: 09/18/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell mechanics is a multidisciplinary field that bridges cell biology, fundamental mechanics, and micro and nanotechnology, which synergize to help us better understand the intricacies and the complex nature of cells in their native environment. With recent advances in nanotechnology, microfabrication methods and micro-electro-mechanical-systems (MEMS), we are now well situated to tap into the complex micro world of cells. The field that brings biology and MEMS together is known as Biological MEMS (BioMEMS). BioMEMS take advantage of systematic design and fabrication methods to create platforms that allow us to study cells like never before. These new technologies have been rapidly advancing the study of cell mechanics. This review article provides a succinct overview of cell mechanics and comprehensively surveys micro and nano-scale technologies that have been specifically developed for and are relevant to the mechanics of cells. Here we focus on micro and nano-scale technologies, and their applications in biology and medicine, including imaging, single cell analysis, cancer cell mechanics, organ-on-a-chip systems, pathogen detection, implantable devices, neuroscience and neurophysiology. We also provide a perspective on the future directions and challenges of technologies that relate to the mechanics of cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Unal
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, USA
| | - Yunus Alapan
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, USA
- Case Biomanufacturing and Microfabrication Laboratory, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, USA
| | - Hao Jia
- Department of Biology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, USA
| | - Adrienn G. Varga
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, USA
| | - Keith Angelino
- Department of Civil Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, USA
| | - Mahmut Aslan
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, USA
- Case Biomanufacturing and Microfabrication Laboratory, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, USA
| | - Ismail Sayin
- Case Biomanufacturing and Microfabrication Laboratory, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, USA
| | - Chanjuan Han
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, USA
| | - Yanxia Jiang
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, USA
| | - Zhehao Zhang
- Department of Civil Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, USA
| | - Umut A. Gurkan
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, USA
- Case Biomanufacturing and Microfabrication Laboratory, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, USA
- Department of Orthopaedics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, USA
- Advanced Platform Technology Center, Louis Stokes Cleveland Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cleveland, USA
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East E, Johns N, Georgiou M, Golding JP, Loughlin AJ, Kingham PJ, Phillips JB. A 3D in vitro model reveals differences in the astrocyte response elicited by potential stem cell therapies for CNS injury. Regen Med 2013; 8:739-46. [PMID: 24147529 PMCID: PMC3831573 DOI: 10.2217/rme.13.61] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM This study aimed to develop a 3D culture model to test the extent to which transplanted stem cells modulate astrocyte reactivity, where exacerbated glial cell activation could be detrimental to CNS repair success. MATERIALS & METHODS The reactivity of rat astrocytes to bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, neural crest stem cells (NCSCs) and differentiated adipose-derived stem cells was assessed after 5 days. Schwann cells were used as a positive control. RESULTS NCSCs and differentiated Schwann cell-like adipose-derived stem cells did not increase astrocyte reactivity. Highly reactive responses to bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells and Schwann cells were equivalent. CONCLUSION This approach can screen therapeutic cells prior to in vivo testing, allowing cells likely to trigger a substantial astrocyte response to be identified at an early stage. NCSCs and differentiated Schwann cell-like adipose-derived stem cells may be useful in treating CNS damage without increasing astrogliosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma East
- Department of Life Health & Chemical Sciences, The Open University, Walton Hall, Milton Keynes, MK7 6AA, UK
| | - Noémie Johns
- Department of Life Health & Chemical Sciences, The Open University, Walton Hall, Milton Keynes, MK7 6AA, UK
| | - Melanie Georgiou
- Department of Life Health & Chemical Sciences, The Open University, Walton Hall, Milton Keynes, MK7 6AA, UK
| | - Jon P Golding
- Department of Life Health & Chemical Sciences, The Open University, Walton Hall, Milton Keynes, MK7 6AA, UK
| | - A Jane Loughlin
- Department of Life Health & Chemical Sciences, The Open University, Walton Hall, Milton Keynes, MK7 6AA, UK
| | - Paul J Kingham
- Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Umeå University, SE 901 87, Umeå, Sweden
| | - James B Phillips
- Department of Life Health & Chemical Sciences, The Open University, Walton Hall, Milton Keynes, MK7 6AA, UK
- Department of Biomaterials & Tissue Engineering, UCL Eastman Dental Institute, 256 Gray’s Inn Road, London WC1X 8LD, UK
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Abstract
Short-term memory refers to the ability to store small amounts of stimulus-specific information for a short period of time. It is supported by both fading and hidden memory processes. Fading memory relies on recurrent activity patterns in a neuronal network, whereas hidden memory is encoded using synaptic mechanisms, such as facilitation, which persist even when neurons fall silent. We have used a novel computational and optogenetic approach to investigate whether these same memory processes hypothesized to support pattern recognition and short-term memory in vivo, exist in vitro. Electrophysiological activity was recorded from primary cultures of dissociated rat cortical neurons plated on multielectrode arrays. Cultures were transfected with ChannelRhodopsin-2 and optically stimulated using random dot stimuli. The pattern of neuronal activity resulting from this stimulation was analyzed using classification algorithms that enabled the identification of stimulus-specific memories. Fading memories for different stimuli, encoded in ongoing neural activity, persisted and could be distinguished from each other for as long as 1 s after stimulation was terminated. Hidden memories were detected by altered responses of neurons to additional stimulation, and this effect persisted longer than 1 s. Interestingly, network bursts seem to eliminate hidden memories. These results are similar to those that have been reported from similar experiments in vivo and demonstrate that mechanisms of information processing and short-term memory can be studied using cultured neuronal networks, thereby setting the stage for therapeutic applications using this platform.
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Speisman RB, Kumar A, Rani A, Foster TC, Ormerod BK. Daily exercise improves memory, stimulates hippocampal neurogenesis and modulates immune and neuroimmune cytokines in aging rats. Brain Behav Immun 2013; 28:25-43. [PMID: 23078985 PMCID: PMC3545095 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2012.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2012] [Revised: 09/19/2012] [Accepted: 09/26/2012] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
We tested whether daily exercise modulates immune and neuroimmune cytokines, hippocampus-dependent behavior and hippocampal neurogenesis in aging male F344 rats (18mo upon arrival). Twelve weeks after conditioned running or control group assignment, the rats were trained and tested in a rapid water maze followed by an inhibitory avoidance task. The rats were BrdU-injected beginning 12days after behavioral testing and killed 3weeks later to quantify cytokines and neurogenesis. Daily exercise increased neurogenesis and improved immediate and 24h water maze discrimination index (DI) scores and 24h inhibitory avoidance retention latencies. Daily exercise decreased cortical VEGF, hippocampal IL-1β and serum MCP-1, GRO-KC and leptin levels but increased hippocampal GRO-KC and IL-18 concentrations. Serum leptin concentration correlated negatively with new neuron number and both DI scores while hippocampal IL-1β concentration correlated negatively with memory scores in both tasks. Cortical VEGF, serum GRO-KC and serum MCP-1 levels correlated negatively with immediate DI score and we found novel positive correlations between hippocampal IL-18 and GRO-KC levels and new neuron number. Pathway analyses revealed distinct serum, hippocampal and cortical compartment cytokine relationships. Our results suggest that daily exercise potentially improves cognition in aging rats by modulating hippocampal neurogenesis and immune and neuroimmune cytokine signaling. Our correlational data begin to provide a framework for systematically manipulating these immune and neuroimmune signaling molecules to test their effects on cognition and neurogenesis across lifespan in future experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel. B. Speisman
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Ashok Kumar
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA,McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Asha Rani
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA,McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Thomas C. Foster
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA,McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA,Corresponding Author: Brandi K. Ormerod, PhD, Assistant Professor, J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611-6131, USA, Phone: 352-273-8125, Fax: 352-273-9221,
| | - Brandi K. Ormerod
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA,Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA,McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA,Corresponding Author: Brandi K. Ormerod, PhD, Assistant Professor, J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611-6131, USA, Phone: 352-273-8125, Fax: 352-273-9221,
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Abstract
Although significant inconsistencies remain to be clarified, a role for neurogenesis in hippocampal functions, such as cognition, has been suggested by several reports. Yet, investigation in various species of mammals, including humans, revealed that rates of hippocampal neurogenesis are steadily declining with age. The very low levels of hippocampal neurogenesis persisting in the aged brain have been suspected to underlie the cognitive deficits observed in elderly. However, current evidence fails to support the hypothesis that decrease of neurogenesis along normal ageing leads to hippocampal dysfunction. Nevertheless, current studies are suggestive for a distinct role of hippocampal neurogenesis in young versus adult and old brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sébastien Couillard-Després
- Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg, Institute of Molecular Regenerative Medicine, Paracelsus Medical University, Strubergasse 21, 5020, Salzburg, Austria,
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Overview of micro- and nano-technology tools for stem cell applications: micropatterned and microelectronic devices. SENSORS 2012. [PMID: 23202240 PMCID: PMC3522993 DOI: 10.3390/s121115947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
In the past few decades the scientific community has been recognizing the paramount role of the cell microenvironment in determining cell behavior. In parallel, the study of human stem cells for their potential therapeutic applications has been progressing constantly. The use of advanced technologies, enabling one to mimic the in vivo stem cell microenviroment and to study stem cell physiology and physio-pathology, in settings that better predict human cell biology, is becoming the object of much research effort. In this review we will detail the most relevant and recent advances in the field of biosensors and micro- and nano-technologies in general, highlighting advantages and disadvantages. Particular attention will be devoted to those applications employing stem cells as a sensing element.
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