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Boi L, Johansson Y, Tonini R, Moratalla R, Fisone G, Silberberg G. Serotonergic and dopaminergic neurons in the dorsal raphe are differentially altered in a mouse model for parkinsonism. eLife 2024; 12:RP90278. [PMID: 38940422 PMCID: PMC11213571 DOI: 10.7554/elife.90278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by motor impairments caused by degeneration of dopamine neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta. In addition to these symptoms, PD patients often suffer from non-motor comorbidities including sleep and psychiatric disturbances, which are thought to depend on concomitant alterations of serotonergic and noradrenergic transmission. A primary locus of serotonergic neurons is the dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN), providing brain-wide serotonergic input. Here, we identified electrophysiological and morphological parameters to classify serotonergic and dopaminergic neurons in the murine DRN under control conditions and in a PD model, following striatal injection of the catecholamine toxin, 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA). Electrical and morphological properties of both neuronal populations were altered by 6-OHDA. In serotonergic neurons, most changes were reversed when 6-OHDA was injected in combination with desipramine, a noradrenaline (NA) reuptake inhibitor, protecting the noradrenergic terminals. Our results show that the depletion of both NA and dopamine in the 6-OHDA mouse model causes changes in the DRN neural circuitry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Boi
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska InstituteStockholmSweden
| | - Yvonne Johansson
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska InstituteStockholmSweden
- Sainsbury Wellcome Centre for Neural Circuits and Behaviour, University College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Raffaella Tonini
- Neuromodulation of Cortical and Subcortical Circuits Laboratory, Istituto Italiano di TecnologiaGenovaItaly
| | - Rosario Moratalla
- Cajal Institute, Spanish National Research Council (CSIC)MadridSpain
- CIBERNED, Instituto de Salud Carlos IIIMadridSpain
| | - Gilberto Fisone
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska InstituteStockholmSweden
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Zeljkovic Jovanovic M, Stanojevic J, Stevanovic I, Stekic A, Bolland SJ, Jasnic N, Ninkovic M, Zaric Kontic M, Ilic TV, Rodger J, Nedeljkovic N, Dragic M. Intermittent Theta Burst Stimulation Improves Motor and Behavioral Dysfunction through Modulation of NMDA Receptor Subunit Composition in Experimental Model of Parkinson's Disease. Cells 2023; 12:1525. [PMID: 37296646 PMCID: PMC10252812 DOI: 10.3390/cells12111525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the progressive degeneration of the dopaminergic system, leading to a variety of motor and nonmotor symptoms. The currently available symptomatic therapy loses efficacy over time, indicating the need for new therapeutic approaches. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) has emerged as one of the potential candidates for PD therapy. Intermittent theta burst stimulation (iTBS), an excitatory protocol of rTMS, has been shown to be beneficial in several animal models of neurodegeneration, including PD. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of prolonged iTBS on motor performance and behavior and the possible association with changes in the NMDAR subunit composition in the 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA)-induced experimental model of PD. Two-month-old male Wistar rats were divided into four groups: controls, 6-OHDA rats, 6-OHDA + iTBS protocol (two times/day/three weeks) and the sham group. The therapeutic effect of iTBS was evaluated by examining motor coordination, balance, spontaneous forelimb use, exploratory behavior, anxiety-like, depressive/anhedonic-like behavior and short-term memory, histopathological changes and changes at the molecular level. We demonstrated the positive effects of iTBS at both motor and behavioral levels. In addition, the beneficial effects were reflected in reduced degeneration of dopaminergic neurons and a subsequent increase in the level of DA in the caudoputamen. Finally, iTBS altered protein expression and NMDAR subunit composition, suggesting a sustained effect. Applied early in the disease course, the iTBS protocol may be a promising candidate for early-stage PD therapy, affecting motor and nonmotor deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milica Zeljkovic Jovanovic
- Laboratory for Neurobiology, Department for General Physiology and Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jelena Stanojevic
- Institute for Medical Research, Military Medical Academy, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ivana Stevanovic
- Institute for Medical Research, Military Medical Academy, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
- Medical Faculty of Military Medical Academy, University of Defense, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Andjela Stekic
- Laboratory for Neurobiology, Department for General Physiology and Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Samuel J. Bolland
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
- Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Nebojsa Jasnic
- Department for Comparative Physiology and Ecophysiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Milica Ninkovic
- Institute for Medical Research, Military Medical Academy, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
- Medical Faculty of Military Medical Academy, University of Defense, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Marina Zaric Kontic
- Department of Molecular Biology and Endocrinology, Vinca Institute of Nuclear Sciences-National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Tihomir V. Ilic
- Medical Faculty of Military Medical Academy, University of Defense, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jennifer Rodger
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
- Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Nadezda Nedeljkovic
- Laboratory for Neurobiology, Department for General Physiology and Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Milorad Dragic
- Laboratory for Neurobiology, Department for General Physiology and Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
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Lv L, Zhang H, Tan X, Long Z, Qin L, Bai R, Xiao Q, Wu Z, Hu S, Tan C, Liao H, Yan W, Tang B, Ren F, Wang C. Associated factors and abnormal dorsal raphe nucleus connectivity patterns of freezing of gait in Parkinson's disease. J Neurol 2022; 269:6452-6466. [PMID: 35933494 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-022-11294-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Freezing of gait (FOG) is a common, disabling symptom of Parkinson's disease (PD), and its exact pathophysiological mechanism is still poorly understood. The control of gait is a complex process that may be influenced by emotions modulated by serotonergic networks. Therefore, this study aimed to determine factors associated with FOG in PD patients and to evaluate the importance of the dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN; central node in the serotoninergic system) in FOG pathophysiology. METHODS We combined cross-sectional survey data from 453 PD patients. According to the Freezing of Gait Questionnaire (FOGQ), patients were divided into two groups: the "PD with frozen gait (PD-FOG)" and "PD without frozen gait (PD-nFOG)" groups. Demographic characteristics, clinical features, and motor and nonmotor symptoms (NMS) assessments of PD patients were recorded. Univariate statistical analysis was performed between the two groups, and then regression analysis was performed on related factors. We also acquired resting-state functional MRI (rs-fMRI) data from 20 PD-FOG, 21 PD-nFOG, and 22 healthy controls (HCs) who were randomly chosen. We defined seeds in the DRN to evaluate functional connectivity (FC) patterns. RESULTS The overall frequency of FOG was 11.9% patients in the PD-FOG group were older, had a longer disease duration, had a higher levodopa equivalent daily dose, had more severe motor symptoms and worse quality of life, had a higher proportion of dyskinesia, wearing-off and postural instability/gait difficulty (PIGD) clinical phenotype, and experienced more depression and impaired sleep function than those in the PD-nFOG group. Logistic regression analysis showed that H&Ystage ≥ 3, UPDRS-III scores, PIGD clinical phenotype and excessive daytime sleepiness were associated with FOG. In addition, there was significantly lower FC between the DRN and some cortical structures, including the supplementary motor area (SMA), left superior frontal gyrus (SFG), and left median cingulated cortex (MCC) in PD-FOG patients than HCs and PD-nFOG patients. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate that the severity of PD and PIGD clinical phenotype are associated factors for freezing and that DRN dysfunction may play a key role in PD-related NMS and FOG. An abnormal cortical and brainstem networks may contribute to the mechanisms underlying FOG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingling Lv
- Department of Neurology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Hainan Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province in Neurodegenerative Disorders, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xuling Tan
- Department of Medical Genetics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhe Long
- Department of Neurology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Lixia Qin
- Department of Neurology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Rongrong Bai
- Department of Neurology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Qile Xiao
- Department of Neurology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ziwei Wu
- Department of Neurology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Shenglan Hu
- Department of Neurology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Changlian Tan
- Department of Radiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Haiyan Liao
- Department of Radiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Weiqian Yan
- Department of Neurology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Beisha Tang
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province in Neurodegenerative Disorders, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Center for Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, China
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Feng Ren
- Department of Geriatric Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.
| | - Chunyu Wang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province in Neurodegenerative Disorders, Central South University, Changsha, China.
- Department of Medical Genetics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.
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Vegas‐Suárez S, Aristieta A, Requejo C, Bengoetxea H, Lafuente JV, Miguelez C, Ugedo L. The effect of 5-HT 1A receptor agonists on the entopeduncular nucleus is modified in 6-hydroxydopamine-lesioned rats. Br J Pharmacol 2021; 178:2516-2532. [PMID: 33686657 PMCID: PMC8252460 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE l-DOPA prolonged treatment leads to disabling motor complications as dyskinesia that could be decreased by drugs acting on 5-HT1A receptors. Since the internal segment of the globus pallidus, homologous to the entopeduncular nucleus in rodents, seems to be involved in the etiopathology of l-DOPA-induced dyskinesia, we investigated whether the entopeduncular nucleus is modulated by the 5-HT1A receptor partial and full agonists, buspirone, and 8-hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino)-tetralin (8-OH-DPAT) in control and 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA)-lesioned rats with or without long-term l-DOPA treatment. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Extracellular single-unit electrocorticogram and local field potential recordings under anaesthesia, immunostaining assays and optogenetic manipulation coupled to electrophysiological recordings were performed. KEY RESULTS Systemic buspirone reduced the entopeduncular nucleus firing rate in the sham animals and burst activity in the 6-OHDA-lesioned rats (with or without l-DOPA treatment), while local administration reduced entopeduncular nucleus activity in all the groups, regardless of DA integrity. Systemic 8-OH-DPAT also induced inhibitory effects only in the sham animals. Effects triggered by buspirone and 8-OH-DPAT were reversed by the 5-HT1A receptor antagonist, WAY-100635. Neither buspirone nor 8-OH-DPAT modified the low-frequency oscillatory activity in the entopeduncular nucleus or its synchronization with the motor cortex. Buspirone did not alter the response induced by subthalamic nucleus opto-stimulation in the entopeduncular nucleus. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS Systemic 5-HT1A receptor activation elicits different effects on the electrophysiological properties of the entopeduncular nucleus depending on the integrity of the nigrostriatal pathway and it does not alter the relationship between subthalamic nucleus and entopeduncular nucleus neuron activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Vegas‐Suárez
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and NursingUniversity of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU)LeioaSpain
- Autonomic and Movement Disorders Unit, Neurodegenerative DiseasesBiocruces Health Research InstituteBarakaldoSpain
| | - Asier Aristieta
- Department of Biological SciencesCarnegie Mellon UniversityPittsburghPAUSA
- Center for the Neural Basis of CognitionCarnegie Mellon UniversityPittsburghPAUSA
| | - Catalina Requejo
- LaNCE, Department of NeuroscienceUniversity of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU)LeioaSpain
| | - Harkaitz Bengoetxea
- LaNCE, Department of NeuroscienceUniversity of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU)LeioaSpain
| | - José Vicente Lafuente
- LaNCE, Department of NeuroscienceUniversity of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU)LeioaSpain
| | - Cristina Miguelez
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and NursingUniversity of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU)LeioaSpain
- Autonomic and Movement Disorders Unit, Neurodegenerative DiseasesBiocruces Health Research InstituteBarakaldoSpain
| | - Luisa Ugedo
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and NursingUniversity of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU)LeioaSpain
- Autonomic and Movement Disorders Unit, Neurodegenerative DiseasesBiocruces Health Research InstituteBarakaldoSpain
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5
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Yang K, Zhao X, Wang C, Zeng C, Luo Y, Sun T. Circuit Mechanisms of L-DOPA-Induced Dyskinesia (LID). Front Neurosci 2021; 15:614412. [PMID: 33776634 PMCID: PMC7988225 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.614412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
L-DOPA is the criterion standard of treatment for Parkinson disease. Although it alleviates some of the Parkinsonian symptoms, long-term treatment induces L-DOPA–induced dyskinesia (LID). Several theoretical models including the firing rate model, the firing pattern model, and the ensemble model are proposed to explain the mechanisms of LID. The “firing rate model” proposes that decreasing the mean firing rates of the output nuclei of basal ganglia (BG) including the globus pallidus internal segment and substantia nigra reticulata, along the BG pathways, induces dyskinesia. The “firing pattern model” claimed that abnormal firing pattern of a single unit activity and local field potentials may disturb the information processing in the BG, resulting in dyskinesia. The “ensemble model” described that dyskinesia symptoms might represent a distributed impairment involving many brain regions, but the number of activated neurons in the striatum correlated most strongly with dyskinesia severity. Extensive evidence for circuit mechanisms in driving LID symptoms has also been presented. LID is a multisystem disease that affects wide areas of the brain. Brain regions including the striatum, the pallidal–subthalamic network, the motor cortex, the thalamus, and the cerebellum are all involved in the pathophysiology of LID. In addition, although both amantadine and deep brain stimulation help reduce LID, these approaches have complications that limit their wide use, and a novel antidyskinetic drug is strongly needed; these require us to understand the circuit mechanism of LID more deeply.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Yang
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xinyue Zhao
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Changcai Wang
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Cheng Zeng
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yan Luo
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Taolei Sun
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, China.,State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, China
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Serotonergic control of the glutamatergic neurons of the subthalamic nucleus. PROGRESS IN BRAIN RESEARCH 2021; 261:423-462. [PMID: 33785138 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pbr.2020.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The subthalamic nucleus (STN) houses a dense cluster of glutamatergic neurons that play a central role in the functional dynamics of the basal ganglia, a group of subcortical structures involved in the control of motor behaviors. Numerous anatomical, electrophysiological, neurochemical and behavioral studies have reported that serotonergic neurons from the midbrain raphe nuclei modulate the activity of STN neurons. Here, we describe this serotonergic innervation and the nature of the regulation exerted by serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) on STN neuron activity. This regulation can occur either directly within the STN or at distal sites, including other structures of the basal ganglia or cortex. The effect of 5-HT on STN neuronal activity involves several 5-HT receptor subtypes, including 5-HT1A, 5-HT1B, 5-HT2C and 5-HT4 receptors, which have garnered the highest attention on this topic. The multiple regulatory effects exerted by 5-HT are thought to be modified under pathological conditions, altering the activity of the STN, or due to the benefits and side effects of treatments used for Parkinson's disease, notably the dopamine precursor l-DOPA and high-frequency STN stimulation. Originally understood as a motor center, the STN is also associated with decision making and participates in mood regulation and cognitive performance, two domains of personality that are also regulated by 5-HT. The literature concerning the link between 5-HT and STN is already important, and the functional overlap is evident, but this link is still not entirely understood. The understanding of this link between 5-HT and STN should be increased due to the possible importance of this regulation in the control of fronto-STN loops and inherent motor and non-motor behaviors.
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7
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Marin C, Bonastre M, Fuentes M, Mullol J. Lack of correlation between dyskinesia and pallidal serotonin transporter expression-induced by L-Dopa and Pramipexole in hemiparkinsonian rats. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2020; 197:173012. [PMID: 32750392 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2020.173012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The role of pallidal serotonergic terminals in the development of L-Dopa-induced dyskinesias (LIDs) in Parkinson's disease (PD) has been recently highlighted correlating pallidal serotonin transporter (SERT) expression levels with dyskinesias severity. However, the role of external globus pallidus (GPe, GP in rodents) serotonergic function in LIDs is still controversial since several studies have shown no differences in GPe serotonin (SER) and SERT levels between dyskinetic and non-dyskinetic PD patients. In addition, the increase in pallidal SERT/dopamine transporter (DAT) binding ratio obtained in positron emission tomography studies has been shown similar in both subtypes of PD patients. Based on these controversial results, further studies are required to clarify the possible involvement of GPe serotonergic activity in LIDs expression. We investigated the pallidal SER and SERT expression changes and the abnormal involuntary movements (AIMs) induced by L-Dopa or the D3/D2 dopamine (DA) agonist, Pramipexole, in partial unilateral 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA)-lesioned rats. L-Dopa treatment led to an increment of axial (p < 0.01), limb (p < 0.01), and orolingual (p < 0.01) AIMs. However, Pramipexole treatment did not induce AIMs. The number of GP SERT-positive axon varicosities was increased in L-Dopa (p < 0.05) and Pramipexole (p < 0.01) treated rats. No differences were observed in the number of GP SERT-positive varicosities between L-Dopa and Pramipexole treatments. Our results indicate a lack of correlation between GP SERT expression levels and the development of AIMs suggesting that pallidal serotonergic fibers are not responsible for LIDs. The possible involvement of the SER system in dyskinesia may include other mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Concepció Marin
- INGENIO, IRCE, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
| | - Mercè Bonastre
- INGENIO, IRCE, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Mireya Fuentes
- INGENIO, IRCE, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Joaquim Mullol
- INGENIO, IRCE, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
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Muñoz A, Lopez-Lopez A, Labandeira CM, Labandeira-Garcia JL. Interactions Between the Serotonergic and Other Neurotransmitter Systems in the Basal Ganglia: Role in Parkinson's Disease and Adverse Effects of L-DOPA. Front Neuroanat 2020; 14:26. [PMID: 32581728 PMCID: PMC7289026 DOI: 10.3389/fnana.2020.00026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by the progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra. However, other non-dopaminergic neuronal systems such as the serotonergic system are also involved. Serotonergic dysfunction is associated with non-motor symptoms and complications, including anxiety, depression, dementia, and sleep disturbances. This pathology reduces patient quality of life. Interaction between the serotonergic and other neurotransmitters systems such as dopamine, noradrenaline, glutamate, and GABA controls the activity of striatal neurons and are particularly interesting for understanding the pathophysiology of PD. Moreover, serotonergic dysfunction also causes motor symptoms. Interestingly, serotonergic neurons play an important role in the effects of L-DOPA in advanced PD stages. Serotonergic terminals can convert L-DOPA to dopamine, which mediates dopamine release as a "false" transmitter. The lack of any autoregulatory feedback control in serotonergic neurons to regulate L-DOPA-derived dopamine release contributes to the appearance of L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia (LID). This mechanism may also be involved in the development of graft-induced dyskinesias (GID), possibly due to the inclusion of serotonin neurons in the grafted tissue. Consistent with this, the administration of serotonergic agonists suppressed LID. In this review article, we summarize the interactions between the serotonergic and other systems. We also discuss the role of the serotonergic system in LID and if therapeutic approaches specifically targeting this system may constitute an effective strategy in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Muñoz
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology of Parkinson's Disease, Research Center for Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), Deptartment of Morphological Sciences, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.,Networking Research Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CiberNed), Madrid, Spain
| | - Andrea Lopez-Lopez
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology of Parkinson's Disease, Research Center for Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), Deptartment of Morphological Sciences, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.,Networking Research Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CiberNed), Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen M Labandeira
- Department of Clinical Neurology, Hospital Alvaro Cunqueiro, University Hospital Complex, Vigo, Spain
| | - Jose L Labandeira-Garcia
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology of Parkinson's Disease, Research Center for Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), Deptartment of Morphological Sciences, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.,Networking Research Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CiberNed), Madrid, Spain
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9
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Farajdokht F, Sadigh-Eteghad S, Majdi A, Pashazadeh F, Vatandoust SM, Ziaee M, Safari F, Karimi P, Mahmoudi J. Serotonergic system modulation holds promise for L-DOPA-induced dyskinesias in hemiparkinsonian rats: A systematic review. EXCLI JOURNAL 2020; 19:268-295. [PMID: 32327954 PMCID: PMC7174586 DOI: 10.17179/excli2020-1024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The alleged effects of serotonergic agents in alleviating levodopa-induced dyskinesias (LIDs) in parkinsonian patients are debatable. To this end, we systematically reviewed the serotonergic agents used for the treatment of LIDs in a 6-hydroxydopamine model of Parkinson's disease in rats. We searched MEDLINE via PubMed, Embase, Google Scholar, and Proquest for entries no later than March 2018, and restricted the search to publications on serotonergic agents used for the treatment of LIDs in hemiparkinsonian rats. The initial search yielded 447 citations, of which 49 articles and one conference paper met our inclusion criteria. The results revealed ten different categories of serotonergic agents, including but not limited to 5-HT1A/BR agonists, 5-HT2AR antagonists, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (SNRIs), and tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs), all of which improved LIDs without imposing considerable adverse effects. Although there is promising evidence regarding the role of these agents in relieving LIDs in hemiparkinsonian rats, further studies are needed for the enlightenment of hidden aspect of these molecules in terms of mechanisms and outcomes. Given this, improving the quality of the pre-clinical studies and designing appropriate clinical trials will help fill the bench-to-bedside gap.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fereshteh Farajdokht
- Research Center for Evidence-Based Medicine (EBM), Health Management and Safety Promotion Research Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Neurosciences Research Center (NSRC), Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Saeed Sadigh-Eteghad
- Neurosciences Research Center (NSRC), Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Alireza Majdi
- Neurosciences Research Center (NSRC), Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Fariba Pashazadeh
- Research Center for Evidence-Based Medicine (EBM), Health Management and Safety Promotion Research Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Iranian Evidence-Based Medicine (EBM) Center, a Joanna Briggs Institute Affiliated Group
| | | | - Mojtaba Ziaee
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Phytopharmacology Research Center, Maragheh University of Medical Sciences, Maragheh, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Safari
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Pouran Karimi
- Neurosciences Research Center (NSRC), Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Javad Mahmoudi
- Neurosciences Research Center (NSRC), Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Long-Term Treatment with Fluvoxamine Decreases Nonmotor Symptoms and Dopamine Depletion in a Postnatal Stress Rat Model of Parkinson's Disease. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:1941480. [PMID: 32273939 PMCID: PMC7114775 DOI: 10.1155/2020/1941480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Revised: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Nonmotor symptoms (NMS) such as anxiety, depression, and cognitive deficits are frequently observed in Parkinson's disease (PD) and precede the onset of motor symptoms by years. We have recently explored the short-term effects of Fluvoxamine, a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) on dopaminergic neurons in a parkinsonian rat model. Here, we report the long-term effects of Fluvoxamine, on early-life stress-induced changes in the brain and behavior. We specifically evaluated the effects of Fluvoxamine on brain mechanisms that contribute to NMS associated with PD in a unilateral 6-hydroxydopamine-lesioned rat model. A 14-day early postnatal maternal separation protocol was applied to model early-life stress followed by unilateral intracerebral infusion of 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) to model aspects of parkinsonism in rats. The anxiolytic, antidepressant, and cognitive effects of Fluvoxamine were confirmed using the elevated plus-maze (EPM) test, sucrose preference test (SPT), and Morris water maze (MWM) test. Further to that, our results showed that animals exposed to early-life stress displayed increased plasma corticosterone and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels which were attenuated by Fluvoxamine treatment. A 6-OHDA lesion effect was evidenced by impairment in the limb-use asymmetry test as well as decreased dopamine (DA) and serotonin levels in the striatum, prefrontal cortex, and hippocampus. These effects were surprisingly attenuated by Fluvoxamine treatment in all treated rats. This study is the first to suggest that early and long-term treatment of neuropsychological diseases with Fluvoxamine may decrease the vulnerability of dopaminergic neurons that degenerate in the course of PD.
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Campos ACP, Berzuino MB, Hernandes MS, Fonoff ET, Pagano RL. Monoaminergic regulation of nociceptive circuitry in a Parkinson's disease rat model. Exp Neurol 2019; 318:12-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2019.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Revised: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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12
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Vegas-Suarez S, Paredes-Rodriguez E, Aristieta A, Lafuente JV, Miguelez C, Ugedo L. Dysfunction of serotonergic neurons in Parkinson's disease and dyskinesia. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY 2019; 146:259-279. [PMID: 31349930 DOI: 10.1016/bs.irn.2019.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra, the depletion of striatal dopamine and the presence of Lewy aggregates containing alpha-synuclein. Clinically, there are motor impairments involving cardinal movement symptoms, bradykinesia, resting tremor, muscle rigidity, and postural abnormalities, along with non-motor symptoms such as sleep, behavior and mood disorders. The current treatment for PD focuses on restoring dopaminergic neurotransmission by l-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (levodopa), which loses therapeutic efficacy and induces disabling abnormal involuntary movements known as levodopa-induced dyskinesia (LID) after several years. Evidence indicates that the pathophysiology of both PD and LID disorders is also associated with the dysfunctional activity of the serotonergic (5-HT) neurons that may be responsible for motor and non-motor disturbances. The main population of 5-HT neurons is located in the dorsal raphe nuclei (DRN), which provides extensive innervation to almost the entire neuroaxis and controls multiple functions in the brain. The degeneration of DRN 5-HT neurons occurs in early PD. These neurons can also take exogenous levodopa to transform it into dopamine, which may disturb neuron activity. This review will provide an overview of the underlying mechanisms responsible for 5-HT dysfunction and its clinical relevance in PD and dyskinesia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Vegas-Suarez
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain; Neurodegenerative Diseases, Biocruces Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Spain
| | - Elena Paredes-Rodriguez
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain; Neurodegenerative Diseases, Biocruces Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Spain
| | - Asier Aristieta
- Université de Bordeaux, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, Bordeaux, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, Bordeaux, France
| | - Jose V Lafuente
- Department of Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain; Nanosurgery, Biocruces Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Spain
| | - Cristina Miguelez
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain; Neurodegenerative Diseases, Biocruces Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Spain
| | - Luisa Ugedo
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain; Neurodegenerative Diseases, Biocruces Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Spain.
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Yang K, Wang C, Sun T. The Roles of Intracellular Chaperone Proteins, Sigma Receptors, in Parkinson's Disease (PD) and Major Depressive Disorder (MDD). Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:528. [PMID: 31178723 PMCID: PMC6537631 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Sigma receptors, including Sigma-1 receptors and Sigma-2 receptors, are highly expressed in the CNS. They are intracellular chaperone proteins. Sigma-1 receptors localize mainly at the mitochondria-associated endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane (MAM). Upon stimulation, they translocate from MAM to plasma membrane (PM) and nucleus, where they interact with many proteins and ion channels. Sigma-1 receptor could interact with itself to form oligomers, its oligomerization states affect its ability to interact with client proteins including ion channels and BiP. Sigma-1 receptor shows high affinity for many unrelated and structurally diverse ligands, but the mechanism for this diverse drug receptor interaction remains unknown. Sigma-1 receptors also directly bind many proteins including G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) and ion channels. In recent years, significant progress has been made in our understanding of roles of the Sigma-1 receptors in normal and pathological conditions, but more studies are still required for the Sigma-2 receptors. The physiological roles of Sigma-1 receptors in the CNS are discussed. They can modulate the activity of many ion channels including voltage-dependent ion channels including Ca2+, Na+, K+ channels and NMDAR, thus affecting neuronal excitability and synaptic activity. They are also involved in synaptic plasticity and learning and memory. Moreover, the activation of Sigma receptors protects neurons from death via the modulation of ER stress, neuroinflammation, and Ca2+ homeostasis. Evidences about the involvement of Sigma-1 receptors in Parkinson’s disease (PD) and Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) are also presented, indicating Sigma-1 receptors might be promising targets for pharmacologically treating PD and MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Yang
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Changcai Wang
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Taolei Sun
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, China.,State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, China
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Nichols J, Bjorklund GR, Newbern J, Anderson T. Parvalbumin fast-spiking interneurons are selectively altered by paediatric traumatic brain injury. J Physiol 2018; 596:1277-1293. [PMID: 29333742 PMCID: PMC5878227 DOI: 10.1113/jp275393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
KEY POINTS Traumatic brain injury (TBI) in children remains a leading cause of death and disability and it remains poorly understood why children have worse outcomes and longer recover times. TBI has shown to alter cortical excitability and inhibitory drive onto excitatory neurons, yet few studies have directly examined changes to cortical interneurons. This is addressed in the present study using a clinically relevant model of severe TBI (controlled cortical impact) in interneuron cell type specific Cre-dependent mice. Mice subjected to controlled cortical impact exhibit specific loss of parvalbumin (PV) but not somatostatin immunoreactivity and cell density in the peri-injury zone. PV interneurons are primarily of a fast-spiking (FS) phenotype that persisted in the peri-injury zone but received less frequent inhibitory and stronger excitatory post-synaptic currents. The targeted loss of PV-FS interneurons appears to be distinct from previous reports in adult mice suggesting that TBI-induced pathophysiology is dependent on the age at time of impact. ABSTRACT Paediatric traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a leading cause of death and disability in children. Traditionally, ongoing neurodevelopment and neuroplasticity have been considered to confer children with an advantage following TBI. However, recent findings indicate that the paediatric brain may be more sensitive to brain injury. Inhibitory interneurons are essential for proper cortical function and are implicated in the pathophysiology of TBI, yet few studies have directly investigated TBI-induced changes to interneurons themselves. Accordingly, in the present study, we examine how inhibitory neurons are altered following controlled cortical impact (CCI) in juvenile mice with targeted Cre-dependent fluorescence labelling of interneurons (Vgat:Cre/Ai9 and PV:Cre/Ai6). Although CCI failed to alter the number of excitatory neurons or somatostatin-expressing interneurons in the peri-injury zone, it significantly decreased the density of parvalbumin (PV) immunoreactive cells by 71%. However, PV:Cre/Ai6 mice subjected to CCI showed a lower extent of fluorescence labelled cell loss. PV interneurons are predominantly of a fast-spiking (FS) phenotype and, when recorded electrophysiologically from the peri-injury zone, exhibited intrinsic properties similar to those of control neurons. Synaptically, CCI induced a decrease in inhibitory drive onto FS interneurons combined with an increase in the strength of excitatory events. The results of the present study indicate that CCI induced both a loss of PV interneurons and an even greater loss of PV expression. This suggests caution is required when interpreting changes in PV immunoreactivity alone as direct evidence of interneuronal loss. Furthermore, in contrast to reports in adults, TBI in the paediatric brain selectively alters PV-FS interneurons, primarily resulting in a loss of interneuronal inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Nichols
- University of ArizonaCollege of Medicine – PhoenixPhoenixAZUSA
- School of Life SciencesArizona State UniversityAZUSA
| | | | - Jason Newbern
- School of Life SciencesArizona State UniversityAZUSA
| | - Trent Anderson
- University of ArizonaCollege of Medicine – PhoenixPhoenixAZUSA
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Dallé E, Mabandla MV. Early Life Stress, Depression And Parkinson's Disease: A New Approach. Mol Brain 2018; 11:18. [PMID: 29551090 PMCID: PMC5858138 DOI: 10.1186/s13041-018-0356-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Accepted: 02/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
This review aims to shed light on the relationship that involves exposure to early life stress, depression and Parkinson's disease (PD). A systematic literature search was conducted in Pubmed, MEDLINE, EBSCOHost and Google Scholar and relevant data were submitted to a meta-analysis . Early life stress may contribute to the development of depression and patients with depression are at risk of developing PD later in life. Depression is a common non-motor symptom preceding motor symptoms in PD. Stimulation of regions contiguous to the substantia nigra as well as dopamine (DA) agonists have been shown to be able to attenuate depression. Therefore, since PD causes depletion of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra, depression, rather than being just a simple mood disorder, may be part of the pathophysiological process that leads to PD. It is plausible that the mesocortical and mesolimbic dopaminergic pathways that mediate mood, emotion, and/or cognitive function may also play a key role in depression associated with PD. Here, we propose that a medication designed to address a deficiency in serotonin is more likely to influence motor symptoms of PD associated with depression. This review highlights the effects of an antidepressant, Fluvoxamine maleate, in an animal model that combines depressive-like symptoms and Parkinsonism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ernest Dallé
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 4000 South Africa
| | - Musa V. Mabandla
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 4000 South Africa
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Asaoka N, Nishitani N, Kinoshita H, Kawai H, Shibui N, Nagayasu K, Shirakawa H, Nakagawa T, Kaneko S. Chronic antidepressant potentiates spontaneous activity of dorsal raphe serotonergic neurons by decreasing GABA B receptor-mediated inhibition of L-type calcium channels. Sci Rep 2017; 7:13609. [PMID: 29051549 PMCID: PMC5648823 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-13599-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Accepted: 09/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Spontaneous activity of serotonergic neurons of the dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN) regulates mood and motivational state. Potentiation of serotonergic function is one of the therapeutic strategies for treatment of various psychiatric disorders, such as major depression, panic disorder and obsessive-compulsive disorder. However, the control mechanisms of the serotonergic firing activity are still unknown. In this study, we examined the control mechanisms for serotonergic spontaneous activity and effects of chronic antidepressant administration on these mechanisms by using modified ex vivo electrophysiological recording methods. Serotonergic neurons remained firing even in the absence of glutamatergic and GABAergic ionotropic inputs, while blockade of L-type voltage dependent Ca2+ channels (VDCCs) in serotonergic neurons decreased spontaneous firing activity. L-type VDCCs in serotonergic neurons received gamma-aminobutyric acid B (GABAB) receptor-mediated inhibition, which maintained serotonergic slow spontaneous firing activity. Chronic administration of an antidepressant, citalopram, disinhibited the serotonergic spontaneous firing activity by weakening the GABAB receptor-mediated inhibition of L-type VDCCs in serotonergic neurons. Our results provide a new mechanism underlying the spontaneous serotonergic activity and new insights into the mechanism of action of antidepressants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nozomi Asaoka
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, 46-29 Yoshida-Shimoadachi-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Naoya Nishitani
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, 46-29 Yoshida-Shimoadachi-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Haruko Kinoshita
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, 46-29 Yoshida-Shimoadachi-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kawai
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, 46-29 Yoshida-Shimoadachi-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Norihiro Shibui
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, 46-29 Yoshida-Shimoadachi-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Kazuki Nagayasu
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, 46-29 Yoshida-Shimoadachi-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan.
| | - Hisashi Shirakawa
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, 46-29 Yoshida-Shimoadachi-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Takayuki Nakagawa
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Kyoto University Hospital, 54 Shogoin-Kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Shuji Kaneko
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, 46-29 Yoshida-Shimoadachi-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan.
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17
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Miguelez C, Benazzouz A, Ugedo L, De Deurwaerdère P. Impairment of Serotonergic Transmission by the Antiparkinsonian Drug L-DOPA: Mechanisms and Clinical Implications. Front Cell Neurosci 2017; 11:274. [PMID: 28955204 PMCID: PMC5600927 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2017.00274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Accepted: 08/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The link between the anti-Parkinsonian drug L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-DOPA) and the serotonergic (5-HT) system has been long established and has received increased attention during the last decade. Most studies have focused on the fact that L-DOPA can be transformed into dopamine (DA) and released from 5-HT terminals, which is especially important for the management of L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia. In patients, treatment using L-DOPA also impacts 5-HT neurotransmission; however, few studies have investigated the mechanisms of this effect. The purpose of this review is to summarize the electrophysiological and neurochemical data concerning the effects of L-DOPA on 5-HT cell function. This review will argue that L-DOPA disrupts the link between the electrical activity of 5-HT neurons and 5-HT release as well as that between 5-HT release and extracellular 5-HT levels. These effects are caused by the actions of L-DOPA and DA in 5-HT neurons, which affect 5-HT neurotransmission from the biosynthesis of 5-HT to the impairment of the 5-HT transporter. The interaction between L-DOPA and 5-HT transmission is especially relevant in those Parkinson’s disease (PD) patients that suffer dyskinesia, comorbid anxiety or depression, since the efficacy of antidepressants or 5-HT compounds may be affected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Miguelez
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU)Leioa, Spain
| | - Abdelhamid Benazzouz
- Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Université de Bordeaux, UMR 5293Bordeaux, France.,CNRS, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293Bordeaux, France
| | - Luisa Ugedo
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU)Leioa, Spain
| | - Philippe De Deurwaerdère
- Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Université de Bordeaux, UMR 5293Bordeaux, France.,CNRS, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293Bordeaux, France
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Miguelez C, Navailles S, De Deurwaerdère P, Ugedo L. The acute and long-term L-DOPA effects are independent from changes in the activity of dorsal raphe serotonergic neurons in 6-OHDA lesioned rats. Br J Pharmacol 2016; 173:2135-46. [PMID: 26805402 PMCID: PMC4908202 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2015] [Revised: 01/15/2016] [Accepted: 01/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE L-DOPA is still the most efficacious pharmacological treatment for Parkinson's disease. However, in the majority of patients receiving long-term therapy with L-DOPA, its efficacy is compromised by motor complications, notably L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia. Evidence suggests that the serotonergic system is involved in the therapeutic and the side effects of L-DOPA. Here, we investigate if long-term L-DOPA treatment alters the activity of the dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN) and its responses to serotonergic drugs. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH We measured the responses of serotonergic neurons to acute and chronic L-DOPA treatment using in vivo electrophysiological single unit-extracellular recordings in the 6-OHDA-lesion rat model of Parkinson's disease. KEY RESULTS The results showed that neither acute nor chronic L-DOPA administration (6 mg·kg(-1) s.c.) altered the properties of serotonergic-like neurons. Furthermore, no correlation was found between the activity of these neurons and the magnitude of L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia. In dyskinetic rats, the inhibitory response induced by the 5-HT1A receptor agonist 8-OH-DPAT (0.0625-16 μg·kg(-1) , i.v.) was preserved. Nonetheless, L-DOPA impaired the ability of the serotonin reuptake inhibitor fluoxetine (0.125-8 mg·kg(-1) , i.v) to inhibit DRN neuron firing rate in dyskinetic animals. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Although serotonergic neurons are involved in the dopaminergic effects of L-DOPA, we provide evidence that the effect of L-DOPA is not related to changes of the activity of DRN neurons. Rather, L-DOPA might reduce the efficacy of drugs that normally enhance the extracellular levels of serotonin. LINKED ARTICLES This article is part of a themed section on Updating Neuropathology and Neuropharmacology of Monoaminergic Systems. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v173.13/issuetoc.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Miguelez
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - S Navailles
- Université de Bordeaux, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Bordeaux, France
- CNRS, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Bordeaux, France
| | - P De Deurwaerdère
- Université de Bordeaux, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Bordeaux, France
- CNRS, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Bordeaux, France
| | - L Ugedo
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain
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Joutsa J, Johansson J, Seppänen M, Noponen T, Kaasinen V. Dorsal-to-Ventral Shift in Midbrain Dopaminergic Projections and Increased Thalamic/Raphe Serotonergic Function in Early Parkinson Disease. J Nucl Med 2015; 56:1036-41. [PMID: 25952735 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.115.153734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2015] [Accepted: 04/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Loss of nigrostriatal neurons leading to dopamine depletion in the dorsal striatum is the pathologic hallmark of Parkinson disease contributing to the primary motor symptoms of the disease. However, Parkinson pathology is more widespread in the brain, affecting also other dopaminergic pathways and neurotransmitter systems, but these changes are less well characterized. This study aimed to investigate the mesencephalic striatal and extrastriatal dopaminergic projections together with extrastriatal serotonin transporter binding in Parkinson disease. METHODS Two hundred sixteen patients with Parkinson disease and 204 control patients (patients without neurodegenerative parkinsonism syndromes and normal SPECT imaging) were investigated with SPECT using the dopamine/serotonin transporter ligand (123)I-N-ω-fluoropropyl-2β-carbomethoxy-3β-(4-iodophenyl)nortropane ((123)I-FP-CIT) in the clinical setting. The group differences and midbrain correlations were analyzed voxel by voxel over the entire brain. RESULTS We found that Parkinson patients had lower (123)I-FP-CIT uptake in the striatum and ventral midbrain but higher uptake in the thalamus and raphe nuclei than control patients. In patients with Parkinson disease, the correlation of the midbrain tracer uptake was shifted from the putamen to widespread corticolimbic areas. All findings were highly significant at the voxel level familywise error-corrected P value of less than 0.05. CONCLUSION Our findings show that Parkinson disease is associated not only with the degeneration of the nigrostriatal dopamine neurotransmission, but also with a parallel shift toward mesolimbic and mesocortical function. Furthermore, Parkinson disease patients seem to have upregulation of brain serotonin transporter function at the early phase of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juho Joutsa
- Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland Division of Clinical Neurosciences, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland; and
| | - Jarkko Johansson
- Division of Clinical Neurosciences, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Marko Seppänen
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Tommi Noponen
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Valtteri Kaasinen
- Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland Division of Clinical Neurosciences, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland
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Alterations of BDNF and trkB mRNA expression in the 6-hydroxydopamine-induced model of preclinical stages of Parkinson's disease: an influence of chronic pramipexole in rats. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0117698. [PMID: 25739024 PMCID: PMC4349741 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0117698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2014] [Accepted: 12/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Our recent study has indicated that a moderate lesion of the mesostriatal and mesolimbic pathways in rats, modelling preclinical stages of Parkinson’s disease, induces a depressive-like behaviour which is reversed by chronic treatment with pramipexole. The purpose of the present study was to examine the role of brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) signalling in the aforementioned model of depression. Therefore, we investigated the influence of 6-hydoxydopamine (6-OHDA) administration into the ventral region of the caudate-putamen on mRNA levels of BDNF and tropomyosin-related kinase B (trkB) receptor. The BDNF and trkB mRNA levels were determined in the nigrostriatal and limbic structures by in situ hybridization 2 weeks after the operation. Pramipexole (1 mg/kg sc twice a day) and imipramine (10 mg/kg ip once a day) were injected for 2 weeks. The lesion lowered the BDNF and trkB mRNA levels in the hippocampus [CA1, CA3 and dentate gyrus (DG)] and amygdala (basolateral/lateral) as well as the BDNF mRNA content in the habenula (medial/lateral). The lesion did not influence BDNF and trkB expression in the caudate-putamen, substantia nigra, nucleus accumbens (shell and core) and ventral tegmental area (VTA). Chronic imipramine reversed the lesion-induced decreases in BDNF mRNA in the DG. Chronic pramipexole increased BDNF mRNA, but decreased trkB mRNA in the VTA in lesioned rats. Furthermore, it reduced BDNF and trkB mRNA expression in the shell and core of the nucleus accumbens, BDNF mRNA in the amygdala and trkB mRNA in the caudate-putamen in these animals. The present study indicates that both the 6-OHDA-induced dopaminergic lesion and chronic pramipexole influence BDNF signalling in limbic structures, which may be related to their pro-depressive and antidepressant activity in rats, respectively.
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21
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Goddeyne C, Nichols J, Wu C, Anderson T. Repetitive mild traumatic brain injury induces ventriculomegaly and cortical thinning in juvenile rats. J Neurophysiol 2015; 113:3268-80. [PMID: 25695652 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00970.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2014] [Accepted: 02/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) most frequently occurs in pediatric patients and remains a leading cause of childhood death and disability. Mild TBI (mTBI) accounts for nearly 75% of all TBI cases, yet its neuropathophysiology is still poorly understood. While even a single mTBI injury can lead to persistent deficits, repeat injuries increase the severity and duration of both acute symptoms and long-term deficits. In this study, to model pediatric repetitive mTBI (rmTBI) we subjected unrestrained juvenile animals (postnatal day 20) to repeat weight-drop impacts. Animals were anesthetized and subjected to sham injury or rmTBI once per day for 5 days. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) performed 14 days after injury revealed marked cortical atrophy and ventriculomegaly in rmTBI animals. Specifically, beneath the impact zone the thickness of the cortex was reduced by up to 46% and the area of the ventricles increased by up to 970%. Immunostaining with the neuron-specific marker NeuN revealed an overall loss of neurons within the motor cortex but no change in neuronal density. Examination of intrinsic and synaptic properties of layer II/III pyramidal neurons revealed no significant difference between sham-injured and rmTBI animals at rest or under convulsant challenge with the potassium channel blocker 4-aminopyridine. Overall, our findings indicate that the neuropathological changes reported after pediatric rmTBI can be effectively modeled by repeat weight drop in juvenile animals. Developing a better understanding of how rmTBI alters the pediatric brain may help improve patient care and direct "return to game" decision making in adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corey Goddeyne
- University of Arizona, College of Medicine-Phoenix, Phoenix, Arizona; and School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona
| | - Joshua Nichols
- University of Arizona, College of Medicine-Phoenix, Phoenix, Arizona; and School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona
| | - Chen Wu
- University of Arizona, College of Medicine-Phoenix, Phoenix, Arizona; and
| | - Trent Anderson
- University of Arizona, College of Medicine-Phoenix, Phoenix, Arizona; and
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22
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Silkis IG. Mutual influence of serotonin and dopamine on the functioning of the dorsal striatum and motor activity (hypothetical mechanism). NEUROCHEM J+ 2014. [DOI: 10.1134/s1819712414030118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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23
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Dragicevic E, Poetschke C, Duda J, Schlaudraff F, Lammel S, Schiemann J, Fauler M, Hetzel A, Watanabe M, Lujan R, Malenka RC, Striessnig J, Liss B. Cav1.3 channels control D2-autoreceptor responses via NCS-1 in substantia nigra dopamine neurons. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 137:2287-302. [PMID: 24934288 PMCID: PMC4107734 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awu131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Dopamine midbrain neurons within the substantia nigra are particularly prone to degeneration in Parkinson's disease. Their selective loss causes the major motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease, but the causes for the high vulnerability of SN DA neurons, compared to neighbouring, more resistant ventral tegmental area dopamine neurons, are still unclear. Consequently, there is still no cure available for Parkinson's disease. Current therapies compensate the progressive loss of dopamine by administering its precursor l-DOPA and/or dopamine D2-receptor agonists. D2-autoreceptors and Cav1.3-containing L-type Ca(2+) channels both contribute to Parkinson's disease pathology. L-type Ca(2+) channel blockers protect SN DA neurons from degeneration in Parkinson's disease and its mouse models, and they are in clinical trials for neuroprotective Parkinson's disease therapy. However, their physiological functions in SN DA neurons remain unclear. D2-autoreceptors tune firing rates and dopamine release of SN DA neurons in a negative feedback loop through activation of G-protein coupled potassium channels (GIRK2, or KCNJ6). Mature SN DA neurons display prominent, non-desensitizing somatodendritic D2-autoreceptor responses that show pronounced desensitization in PARK-gene Parkinson's disease mouse models. We analysed surviving human SN DA neurons from patients with Parkinson's disease and from controls, and detected elevated messenger RNA levels of D2-autoreceptors and GIRK2 in Parkinson's disease. By electrophysiological analysis of postnatal juvenile and adult mouse SN DA neurons in in vitro brain-slices, we observed that D2-autoreceptor desensitization is reduced with postnatal maturation. Furthermore, a transient high-dopamine state in vivo, caused by one injection of either l-DOPA or cocaine, induced adult-like, non-desensitizing D2-autoreceptor responses, selectively in juvenile SN DA neurons, but not ventral tegmental area dopamine neurons. With pharmacological and genetic tools, we identified that the expression of this sensitized D2-autoreceptor phenotype required Cav1.3 L-type Ca(2+) channel activity, internal Ca(2+), and the interaction of the neuronal calcium sensor NCS-1 with D2-autoreceptors. Thus, we identified a first physiological function of Cav1.3 L-type Ca(2+) channels in SN DA neurons for homeostatic modulation of their D2-autoreceptor responses. L-type Ca(2+) channel activity however, was not important for pacemaker activity of mouse SN DA neurons. Furthermore, we detected elevated substantia nigra dopamine messenger RNA levels of NCS-1 (but not Cav1.2 or Cav1.3) after cocaine in mice, as well as in remaining human SN DA neurons in Parkinson's disease. Thus, our findings provide a novel homeostatic functional link in SN DA neurons between Cav1.3- L-type-Ca(2+) channels and D2-autoreceptor activity, controlled by NCS-1, and indicate that this adaptive signalling network (Cav1.3/NCS-1/D2/GIRK2) is also active in human SN DA neurons, and contributes to Parkinson's disease pathology. As it is accessible to pharmacological modulation, it provides a novel promising target for tuning substantia nigra dopamine neuron activity, and their vulnerability to degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Dragicevic
- 1 Institute of Applied Physiology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | | | - Johanna Duda
- 1 Institute of Applied Physiology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Falk Schlaudraff
- 1 Institute of Applied Physiology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Stephan Lammel
- 2 Nancy Pritzker Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, USA
| | - Julia Schiemann
- 3 Institute of Neurophysiology, Goethe University Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Michael Fauler
- 1 Institute of Applied Physiology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Andrea Hetzel
- 4 Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, USA
| | - Masahiko Watanabe
- 5 Department of Anatomy, Hokkaido University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Rafael Lujan
- 6 Instituto de Investigación en Discapacidades Neurológicas (IDINE), Departamento de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete, Spain
| | - Robert C Malenka
- 2 Nancy Pritzker Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, USA
| | - Joerg Striessnig
- 7 Institute of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Centre of Molecular Biosciences, University of Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Birgit Liss
- 1 Institute of Applied Physiology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
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Tuckwell HC, Penington NJ. Computational modeling of spike generation in serotonergic neurons of the dorsal raphe nucleus. Prog Neurobiol 2014; 118:59-101. [PMID: 24784445 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2014.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2012] [Revised: 04/14/2014] [Accepted: 04/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Serotonergic neurons of the dorsal raphe nucleus, with their extensive innervation of limbic and higher brain regions and interactions with the endocrine system have important modulatory or regulatory effects on many cognitive, emotional and physiological processes. They have been strongly implicated in responses to stress and in the occurrence of major depressive disorder and other psychiatric disorders. In order to quantify some of these effects, detailed mathematical models of the activity of such cells are required which describe their complex neurochemistry and neurophysiology. We consider here a single-compartment model of these neurons which is capable of describing many of the known features of spike generation, particularly the slow rhythmic pacemaking activity often observed in these cells in a variety of species. Included in the model are 11 kinds of ion channels: a fast sodium current INa, a delayed rectifier potassium current IKDR, a transient potassium current IA, a slow non-inactivating potassium current IM, a low-threshold calcium current IT, two high threshold calcium currents IL and IN, small and large conductance potassium currents ISK and IBK, a hyperpolarization-activated cation current IH and a leak current ILeak. In Sections 3-8, each current type is considered in detail and parameters estimated from voltage clamp data where possible. Three kinds of model are considered for the BK current and two for the leak current. Intracellular calcium ion concentration Cai is an additional component and calcium dynamics along with buffering and pumping is discussed in Section 9. The remainder of the article contains descriptions of computed solutions which reveal both spontaneous and driven spiking with several parameter sets. Attention is focused on the properties usually associated with these neurons, particularly long duration of action potential, steep upslope on the leading edge of spikes, pacemaker-like spiking, long-lasting afterhyperpolarization and the ramp-like return to threshold after a spike. In some cases the membrane potential trajectories display doublets or have humps or notches as have been reported in some experimental studies. The computed time courses of IA and IT during the interspike interval support the generally held view of a competition between them in influencing the frequency of spiking. Spontaneous activity was facilitated by the presence of IH which has been found in these neurons by some investigators. For reasonable sets of parameters spike frequencies between about 0.6Hz and 1.2Hz are obtained, but frequencies as high as 6Hz could be obtained with special parameter choices. Topics investigated and compared with experiment include shoulders, notches, anodal break phenomena, the effects of noradrenergic input, frequency versus current curves, depolarization block, effects of cell size and the effects of IM. The inhibitory effects of activating 5-HT1A autoreceptors are also investigated. There is a considerable discussion of in vitro versus in vivo firing behavior, with focus on the roles of noradrenergic input, corticotropin-releasing factor and orexinergic inputs. Location of cells within the nucleus is probably a major factor, along with the state of the animal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henry C Tuckwell
- Max Planck Institute for Mathematics in the Sciences, Inselstr. 22, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia.
| | - Nicholas J Penington
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, State University of New York, Downstate Medical Center, Box 29, 450 Clarkson Avenue, Brooklyn, NY 11203-2098, USA; Program in Neural and Behavioral Science and Robert F. Furchgott Center for Neural and Behavioral Science, State University of New York, Downstate Medical Center, Box 29, 450 Clarkson Avenue, Brooklyn, NY 11203-2098, USA
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Miguelez C, Morera-Herreras T, Torrecilla M, Ruiz-Ortega JA, Ugedo L. Interaction between the 5-HT system and the basal ganglia: functional implication and therapeutic perspective in Parkinson's disease. Front Neural Circuits 2014; 8:21. [PMID: 24672433 PMCID: PMC3955837 DOI: 10.3389/fncir.2014.00021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2014] [Accepted: 02/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The neurotransmitter serotonin (5-HT) has a multifaceted function in the modulation of information processing through the activation of multiple receptor families, including G-protein-coupled receptor subtypes (5-HT1, 5-HT2, 5-HT4-7) and ligand-gated ion channels (5-HT3). The largest population of serotonergic neurons is located in the midbrain, specifically in the raphe nuclei. Although the medial and dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN) share common projecting areas, in the basal ganglia (BG) nuclei serotonergic innervations come mainly from the DRN. The BG are a highly organized network of subcortical nuclei composed of the striatum (caudate and putamen), subthalamic nucleus (STN), internal and external globus pallidus (or entopeduncular nucleus in rodents, GPi/EP and GPe) and substantia nigra (pars compacta, SNc, and pars reticulata, SNr). The BG are part of the cortico-BG-thalamic circuits, which play a role in many functions like motor control, emotion, and cognition and are critically involved in diseases such as Parkinson's disease (PD). This review provides an overview of serotonergic modulation of the BG at the functional level and a discussion of how this interaction may be relevant to treating PD and the motor complications induced by chronic treatment with L-DOPA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Miguelez
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU Leioa, Spain ; Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Teresa Morera-Herreras
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU Leioa, Spain
| | - Maria Torrecilla
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU Leioa, Spain
| | - Jose A Ruiz-Ortega
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU Leioa, Spain ; Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Luisa Ugedo
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU Leioa, Spain
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Pain in Parkinson's disease associated with COMT gene polymorphisms. Behav Neurol 2014; 2014:304203. [PMID: 24825955 PMCID: PMC4006622 DOI: 10.1155/2014/304203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2013] [Accepted: 02/07/2014] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background. PD patients present high incidence of pain with unknown pathogenesis. Objective. We investigated the relation of COMT polymorphisms rs4633 and rs6267 with PD pain. Subjects and Methods. One hundred PD patients and 105 controls were evaluated with simplified Mc GILL pain scale and VAS scale. PD patients were assessed with H&Y grade, UPDRS score, and HAMD scale. Polymorphisms rs4633 and rs6267 were detected by PCR and direct sequencing. Results. Fifty-seven percent of PD patients experienced pain, consisting of PD-related pain (64.91%) (the majority was dystonia pain) and non-PD-related pain (35.09%) (psychogenic pain was most frequent). The frequency of rs6267 genotype “GT/TT” and allele “T” was higher in PD pain. No difference was observed in frequencies of rs4633 between PD pain and without pain. UPDRS and depression score were higher in PD pain. The onset age was earlier in PD-related pain (57.43 ± 19.71) than non-PD-related pain (63.36 ± 6.88). Conclusion. PD patients possess a high prevalence of pain. Dystonia pain was the most frequent type of PD-related pain. COMT gene rs6267 allele “T” associated with PD pain. PD pain was influenced by disease severity and depression. PD onsets earlier in patients with PD-related pain than non-PD-related pain.
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5-HT2A receptor-mediated excitation on cerebellar fastigial nucleus neurons and promotion of motor behaviors in rats. Pflugers Arch 2013; 466:1259-71. [PMID: 24145983 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-013-1378-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2013] [Revised: 09/16/2013] [Accepted: 10/08/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
It has long been known that serotonergic afferent inputs are the third largest afferent population in the cerebellum after mossy fibers and climbing fibers. However, the role of serotonergic inputs in cerebellar-mediated motor behaviors is still largely unknown. Here, we show that only 5-HT2A receptors among the 5-HT2 receptor subfamily are expressed and localized in the rat cerebellar fastigial nucleus (FN), one of the ultimate outputs of the spinocerebellum precisely regulating trunk and limb movements. Remarkably, selective activation of 5-HT2A receptors evokes a postsynaptic excitatory effect on FN neurons in a concentration-dependent manner in vitro, which is in accord with the 5-HT-elicited excitation on the same tested neurons. Furthermore, selective 5-HT2A receptor antagonist M100907 concentration-dependently blocks the excitatory effects of 5-HT and TCB-2, a 5-HT2A receptor agonist, on FN neurons. Consequently, microinjection of 5-HT into bilateral FNs significantly promotes rat motor performances on accelerating rota-rod and balance beam and narrows stride width rather than stride length in locomotion gait. All these motor behavioral effects are highly consistent with those of selective activation of 5-HT2A receptors in FNs, and blockage of the component of 5-HT2A receptor-mediated endogenous serotonergic inputs in FNs markedly attenuates these motor performances. All these results demonstrate that postsynaptic 5-HT2A receptors greatly contribute to the 5-HT-mediated excitatory effect on cerebellar FN neurons and promotion of the FN-related motor behaviors, suggesting that serotonergic afferent inputs may actively participate in cerebellar motor control through their direct modulation on the final output of the spinocerebellum.
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MEI JIAMING, NIU CHAOSHI. Protective and reversal effects of conserved dopamine neurotrophic factor on PC12 cells following 6-hydroxydopamine administration. Mol Med Rep 2012; 12:297-302. [DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2015.3388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2014] [Accepted: 01/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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