1
|
Xiang Y, Naik S, Zhao L, Shi J, Ke H. Emerging phosphodiesterase inhibitors for treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. Med Res Rev 2024; 44:1404-1445. [PMID: 38279990 DOI: 10.1002/med.22017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/29/2024]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) cause progressive loss of neuron structure and ultimately lead to neuronal cell death. Since the available drugs show only limited symptomatic relief, NDs are currently considered as incurable. This review will illustrate the principal roles of the signaling systems of cyclic adenosine and guanosine 3',5'-monophosphates (cAMP and cGMP) in the neuronal functions, and summarize expression/activity changes of the associated enzymes in the ND patients, including cyclases, protein kinases, and phosphodiesterases (PDEs). As the sole enzymes hydrolyzing cAMP and cGMP, PDEs are logical targets for modification of neurodegeneration. We will focus on PDE inhibitors and their potentials as disease-modifying therapeutics for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and Huntington's disease. For the overlapped but distinct contributions of cAMP and cGMP to NDs, we hypothesize that dual PDE inhibitors, which simultaneously regulate both cAMP and cGMP signaling pathways, may have complementary and synergistic effects on modifying neurodegeneration and thus represent a new direction on the discovery of ND drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Xiang
- Department of Pharmacy, Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Swapna Naik
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale Cancer Biology Institute, Yale University, West Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Liyun Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Jianyou Shi
- Department of Pharmacy, Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Hengming Ke
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Piscopo P, Crestini A, Carbone E, Rivabene R, Ancidoni A, Lo Giudice M, Corbo M, Vanacore N, Lacorte E. A systematic review on drugs for synaptic plasticity in the treatment of dementia. Ageing Res Rev 2022; 81:101726. [PMID: 36031056 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2022.101726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present systematic review (SR) was to provide an overview of all published and unpublished clinical trials investigating the safety and efficacy of disease-modifying drugs targeting synaptic plasticity in dementia. Searches on CT.gov and EuCT identified 27 trials (4 phase-1, 1 phase-1/2, 18 phase-2, 1 phase-2/3, 1 phase-3, 1 phase-4, and 1 not reported). Twenty of them completed, and seven are currently active or enrolling. The structured bibliographic searches yielded 3585 records. A total of 12 studies were selected on Levetiracetam, Masitinib, Saracatinib, BI 40930, Bryostatin 1, PF-04447943 and Edonerpic drugs. We used RoB tool for quality analysis of randomized studies. Efficacy was assessed as a primary outcome in all studies except one and the main scale used was ADAS-Cog (7 studies), MMSE and CDR (4 studies). Safety and tolerability were reported in eleven studies. The incidence of SAEs was similar between treatment and placebo. At the moment, only one molecule reached phase-3. This could suggest that research on these drugs is still preliminary. Of all, three studies reported promising results on Levetiracetam, Bryostatin 1 and Masitinib.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P Piscopo
- Department of Neuroscience, Italian National Institute of Health, Rome, Italy.
| | - A Crestini
- Department of Neuroscience, Italian National Institute of Health, Rome, Italy
| | - E Carbone
- Department of Neuroscience, Italian National Institute of Health, Rome, Italy
| | - R Rivabene
- Department of Neuroscience, Italian National Institute of Health, Rome, Italy
| | - A Ancidoni
- National Center for Disease Prevention ad Heath Promotion, Italian National Institute of Health, Rome, Italy
| | - M Lo Giudice
- Need Institute, Foundation for Cure and Rehabilitation of Neurological Diseases, Milan, Italy
| | - M Corbo
- Department of Neurorehabilitation Sciences, Casa Cura Policlinico, Milan, Italy.
| | - N Vanacore
- National Center for Disease Prevention ad Heath Promotion, Italian National Institute of Health, Rome, Italy
| | - E Lacorte
- National Center for Disease Prevention ad Heath Promotion, Italian National Institute of Health, Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Savitska D, Hess M, Calis D, Marchetta P, Harasztosi C, Fink S, Eckert P, Ruth P, Rüttiger L, Knipper M, Singer W. Stress Affects Central Compensation of Neural Responses to Cochlear Synaptopathy in a cGMP-Dependent Way. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:864706. [PMID: 35968392 PMCID: PMC9372611 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.864706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In light of the increasing evidence supporting a link between hearing loss and dementia, it is critical to gain a better understanding of the nature of this relationship. We have previously observed that following cochlear synaptopathy, the temporal auditory processing (e.g., auditory steady state responses, ASSRs), is sustained when reduced auditory input is centrally compensated. This central compensation process was linked to elevated hippocampal long-term potentiation (LTP). We further observed that, independently of age, central responsiveness to cochlear synaptopathy can differ, resulting in either a low or high capacity to compensate for the reduced auditory input. Lower central compensation resulted in poorer temporal auditory processing, reduced hippocampal LTP, and decreased recruitment of activity-dependent brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) expression in hippocampal regions (low compensators). Higher central compensation capacity resulted in better temporal auditory processing, higher LTP responses, and increased activity-dependent BDNF expression in hippocampal regions. Here, we aimed to identify modifying factors that are potentially responsible for these different central responses. Strikingly, a poorer central compensation capacity was linked to lower corticosterone levels in comparison to those of high compensators. High compensators responded to repeated placebo injections with elevated blood corticosterone levels, reduced auditory brainstem response (ABR) wave I amplitude, reduced inner hair cell (IHC) ribbon number, diminished temporal processing, reduced LTP responses, and decreased activity-dependent hippocampal BDNF expression. In contrast, the same stress exposure through injection did not elevate blood corticosterone levels in low compensators, nor did it reduce IHC ribbons, ABR wave I amplitude, ASSR, LTP, or BDNF expression as seen in high compensators. Interestingly, in high compensators, the stress-induced responses, such as a decline in ABR wave I amplitude, ASSR, LTP, and BDNF could be restored through the “memory-enhancing” drug phosphodiesterase 9A inhibitor (PDE9i). In contrast, the same treatment did not improve these aspects in low compensators. Thus, central compensation of age-dependent cochlear synaptopathy is a glucocorticoid and cyclic guanosine-monophosphate (cGMP)-dependent neuronal mechanism that fails upon a blunted stress response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daria Savitska
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Tübingen Hearing Research Centre, Molecular Physiology of Hearing, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Morgan Hess
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Tübingen Hearing Research Centre, Molecular Physiology of Hearing, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Dila Calis
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Tübingen Hearing Research Centre, Molecular Physiology of Hearing, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Philine Marchetta
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Tübingen Hearing Research Centre, Molecular Physiology of Hearing, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Csaba Harasztosi
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Tübingen Hearing Research Centre, Molecular Physiology of Hearing, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Stefan Fink
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Tübingen Hearing Research Centre, Molecular Physiology of Hearing, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Philipp Eckert
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Tübingen Hearing Research Centre, Molecular Physiology of Hearing, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Peter Ruth
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Lukas Rüttiger
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Tübingen Hearing Research Centre, Molecular Physiology of Hearing, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Marlies Knipper
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Tübingen Hearing Research Centre, Molecular Physiology of Hearing, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- *Correspondence: Marlies Knipper
| | - Wibke Singer
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Tübingen Hearing Research Centre, Molecular Physiology of Hearing, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Chakroborty S, Manfredsson FP, Dec AM, Campbell PW, Stutzmann GE, Beaumont V, West AR. Phosphodiesterase 9A Inhibition Facilitates Corticostriatal Transmission in Wild-Type and Transgenic Rats That Model Huntington's Disease. Front Neurosci 2020; 14:466. [PMID: 32581668 PMCID: PMC7283904 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.00466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Huntington's disease (HD) results from abnormal expansion in CAG trinucleotide repeats within the HD gene, a mutation which leads to degeneration of striatal medium-sized spiny neurons (MSNs), deficits in corticostriatal transmission, and loss of motor control. Recent studies also indicate that metabolism of cyclic nucleotides by phosphodiesterases (PDEs) is dysregulated in striatal networks in a manner linked to deficits in corticostriatal transmission. The current study assessed cortically-evoked firing in electrophysiologically-identified MSNs and fast-spiking interneurons (FSIs) in aged (9-11 months old) wild-type (WT) and BACHD transgenic rats (TG5) treated with vehicle or the selective PDE9A inhibitor PF-04447943. WT and TG5 rats were anesthetized with urethane and single-unit activity was isolated during low frequency electrical stimulation of the ipsilateral motor cortex. Compared to WT controls, MSNs recorded in TG5 animals exhibited decreased spike probability during cortical stimulation delivered at low to moderate stimulation intensities. Moreover, large increases in onset latency of cortically-evoked spikes and decreases in spike probability were observed in FSIs recorded in TG5 animals. Acute systemic administration of the PDE9A inhibitor PF-04447943 significantly decreased the onset latency of cortically-evoked spikes in MSNs recorded in WT and TG5 rats. PDE9A inhibition also increased the proportion of MSNs responding to cortical stimulation and reversed deficits in spike probability observed in TG5 rats. As PDE9A is a cGMP specific enzyme, drugs such as PF-04447943 which act to facilitate striatal cGMP signaling and glutamatergic corticostriatal transmission could be useful therapeutic agents for restoring striatal function and alleviating motor and cognitive symptoms associated with HD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shreaya Chakroborty
- Department of Neuroscience, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Fredric P Manfredsson
- Parkinson's Disease Research Unit, Department of Neurobiology, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ, United States
| | - Alexander M Dec
- Department of Neuroscience, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Peter W Campbell
- Department of Neuroscience, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Grace E Stutzmann
- Department of Neuroscience, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Vahri Beaumont
- CHDI Management/CHDI Foundation, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Anthony R West
- Department of Neuroscience, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL, United States
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Harms JF, Menniti FS, Schmidt CJ. Phosphodiesterase 9A in Brain Regulates cGMP Signaling Independent of Nitric-Oxide. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:837. [PMID: 31507355 PMCID: PMC6716477 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.00837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
PDE9A is a cGMP-specific phosphodiesterase expressed in neurons throughout the brain that has attracted attention as a therapeutic target to treat cognitive disorders. Indeed, PDE9A inhibitors are under evaluation in clinical trials as a treatment for Alzheimer's disease and schizophrenia. However, little is known about the cGMP signaling cascades regulated by PDE9A. Canonical cGMP signaling in brain follows the activation of neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) and the generation of nitric oxide, which activates soluble guanylyl cyclase and cGMP synthesis. However, we show that in mice, PDE9A regulates a pool of cGMP that is independent of nNOS, specifically, and nitric oxide signaling in general. This PDE9A-regulated cGMP pool appears to be highly compartmentalized and independent of cGMP pools regulated by several PDEs. These findings provide a new foundation for study of the upstream and downstream signaling elements regulated by PDE9A and its potential as a therapeutic target for brain disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John F. Harms
- Internal Medicine Research Unit, Pfizer Global Research and Development, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Frank S. Menniti
- George & Anne Ryan Institute for Neuroscience, The University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, United States
| | - Christopher J. Schmidt
- Pfizer Innovation and Research Lab Unit, Pfizer Global Research and Development, Cambridge, MA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Heckman PRA, Blokland A, Bollen EPP, Prickaerts J. Phosphodiesterase inhibition and modulation of corticostriatal and hippocampal circuits: Clinical overview and translational considerations. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2018; 87:233-254. [PMID: 29454746 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2018.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2017] [Revised: 02/07/2018] [Accepted: 02/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The corticostriatal and hippocampal circuits contribute to the neurobiological underpinnings of several neuropsychiatric disorders, including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease and schizophrenia. Based on biological function, these circuits can be clustered into motor circuits, associative/cognitive circuits and limbic circuits. Together, dysfunctions in these circuits produce the wide range of symptoms observed in related neuropsychiatric disorders. Intracellular signaling in these circuits is largely mediated through the cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)/protein kinase A (PKA) pathway with an additional role for the cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP)/ protein kinase G (PKG) pathway, both of which can be regulated by phosphodiesterase inhibitors (PDE inhibitors). Through their effects on cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) and Dopamine- and cAMP-Regulated PhosphoProtein MR 32 kDa (DARPP-32), cyclic nucleotide pathways are involved in synaptic transmission, neuron excitability, neuroplasticity and neuroprotection. In this clinical review, we provide an overview of the current clinical status, discuss the general mechanism of action of PDE inhibitors in relation to the corticostriatal and hippocampal circuits and consider several translational challenges.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P R A Heckman
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands; Department of Neuropsychology and Psychopharmacology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| | - A Blokland
- Department of Neuropsychology and Psychopharmacology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - E P P Bollen
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - J Prickaerts
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Genetic Rodent Models of Huntington Disease. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018; 1049:29-57. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-71779-1_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
|
8
|
Patel NS, Klett J, Pilarzyk K, Lee DI, Kass D, Menniti FS, Kelly MP. Identification of new PDE9A isoforms and how their expression and subcellular compartmentalization in the brain change across the life span. Neurobiol Aging 2018; 65:217-234. [PMID: 29505961 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2018.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2017] [Revised: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 01/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
3',5'-Cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases (PDEs) degrade 3',5' cyclic adenonosine monophosphate (cAMP) and 3',5' cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP), with PDE9A having the highest affinity for cGMP. We show PDE9A6 and 3 novel PDE9 isoforms (PDE9X-100, PDE9X-120, and PDE9X-175) are reliably detected in the brain and lung of mice, whereas PDE9A2 and other isoforms are found elsewhere. PDE9A localizes to the membrane in all organs except the bladder, where it is cytosolic. Brain additionally shows PDE9 in the nuclear fraction. PDE9A mRNA expression/localization dramatically changes across neurodevelopment in a manner that is strikingly consistent between mice and humans (i.e., decreased expression in the hippocampus and cortex and inverted-U in the cerebellum). Study of the 4 PDE9 isoforms in the mouse brain from postnatal day 7 through 24 months similarly identifies dramatic effects of age on expression and subcellular compartmentalization that are isoform specific and brain region specific. Finally, PDE9A mRNA is elevated in the aged human hippocampus with dementia when there is a history of traumatic brain injury. Thus, brain PDE9 is localized to preferentially regulate nuclear- and membrane-proximal pools of cGMP, and its function likely changes across the life span.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Neema S Patel
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology & Neuroscience, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Jennifer Klett
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology & Neuroscience, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Katy Pilarzyk
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology & Neuroscience, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Dong Ik Lee
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore MD, USA
| | - David Kass
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore MD, USA
| | - Frank S Menniti
- George and Anne Ryan Institute for Neuroscience, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, USA
| | - Michy P Kelly
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology & Neuroscience, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Heckman PRA, Van Duinen MA, Blokland A, Uz T, Prickaerts J, Sambeth A. Acute administration of roflumilast enhances sensory gating in healthy young humans in a randomized trial. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2018; 235:301-308. [PMID: 29098341 PMCID: PMC5748397 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-017-4770-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2017] [Accepted: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Sensory gating is a process involved in early information processing which prevents overstimulation of higher cortical areas by filtering sensory information. Research has shown that the process of sensory gating is disrupted in patients suffering from clinical disorders including attention deficit hyper activity disorder, schizophrenia, and Alzheimer's disease. Phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitors have received an increased interest as a tool to improve cognitive performance in both animals and man, including sensory gating. METHODS The current study investigated the effects of the PDE4 inhibitor roflumilast in a sensory gating paradigm in 20 healthy young human volunteers (age range 18-30 years). We applied a placebo-controlled randomized cross-over design and tested three doses (100, 300, 1000 μg). RESULTS Results show that roflumilast improves sensory gating in healthy young human volunteers only at the 100-μg dose. The effective dose of 100 μg is five times lower than the clinically approved dose for the treatment of acute exacerbations in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). No side-effects, such as nausea and emesis, were observed at this dose. This means roflumilast shows a beneficial effect on gating at a dose that had no adverse effects reported following single-dose administration in the present study. CONCLUSION The PDE4 inhibitor roflumilast has a favorable side-effect profile at a cognitively effective dose and could be considered as a treatment in disorders affected by disrupted sensory gating.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pim R. A. Heckman
- 0000 0001 0481 6099grid.5012.6Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands ,0000 0001 0481 6099grid.5012.6Department of Neuropsychology and Psychopharmacology, Maastricht University, PO Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Marlies A. Van Duinen
- 0000 0001 0481 6099grid.5012.6Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Arjan Blokland
- 0000 0001 0481 6099grid.5012.6Department of Neuropsychology and Psychopharmacology, Maastricht University, PO Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Tolga Uz
- Experimental Medicine CNS, Takeda Development Center Americas, Inc., Deerfield, MA USA
| | - Jos Prickaerts
- 0000 0001 0481 6099grid.5012.6Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Anke Sambeth
- Department of Neuropsychology and Psychopharmacology, Maastricht University, PO Box 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Kantor S, Varga J, Kulkarni S, Morton AJ. Chronic Paroxetine Treatment Prevents the Emergence of Abnormal Electroencephalogram Oscillations in Huntington's Disease Mice. Neurotherapeutics 2017; 14:1120-1133. [PMID: 28653279 PMCID: PMC5722757 DOI: 10.1007/s13311-017-0546-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Disturbance of rapid eye movement (REM) sleep appears early in both patients with Huntington's disease (HD) and mouse models of HD. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors are widely prescribed for patients with HD, and are also known to suppress REM sleep in healthy subjects. To test whether selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors can correct abnormal REM sleep and sleep-dependent brain oscillations in HD mice, we treated wild-type and symptomatic R6/2 mice acutely with vehicle and paroxetine (5, 10, and 20 mg/kg). In addition, we treated a group of R6/2 mice chronically with vehicle or paroxetine (20 mg/kg/day) for 8 weeks, with treatment starting before the onset of overt motor symptoms. During and after treatment, we recorded electroencephalogram/electromyogram from the mice. We found that both acute and chronic paroxetine treatment normalized REM sleep in R6/2 mice. However, only chronic paroxetine treatment prevented the emergence of abnormal low-gamma (25-45 Hz) electroencephalogram oscillations in R6/2 mice, an effect that persisted for at least 2 weeks after treatment stopped. Chronic paroxetine treatment also normalized REM sleep theta rhythm in R6/2 mice, but, interestingly, this effect was restricted to the treatment period. By contrast, acute paroxetine treatment slowed REM sleep theta rhythm in WT mice but had no effect on abnormal theta or low-gamma oscillations in R6/2 mice. Our data show that paroxetine treatment, when initiated before the onset of symptoms, corrects both REM sleep disturbances and abnormal brain oscillations, suggesting a possible mechanistic link between early disruption of REM sleep and the subsequent abnormal brain activity in HD mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sandor Kantor
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Janos Varga
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Shreya Kulkarni
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - A Jennifer Morton
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Leuchter MK, Donzis EJ, Cepeda C, Hunter AM, Estrada-Sánchez AM, Cook IA, Levine MS, Leuchter AF. Quantitative Electroencephalographic Biomarkers in Preclinical and Human Studies of Huntington's Disease: Are They Fit-for-Purpose for Treatment Development? Front Neurol 2017; 8:91. [PMID: 28424652 PMCID: PMC5371600 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2017.00091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
A major focus in development of novel therapies for Huntington's disease (HD) is identification of treatments that reduce the burden of mutant huntingtin (mHTT) protein in the brain. In order to identify and test the efficacy of such therapies, it is essential to have biomarkers that are sensitive to the effects of mHTT on brain function to determine whether the intervention has been effective at preventing toxicity in target brain systems before onset of clinical symptoms. Ideally, such biomarkers should have a plausible physiologic basis for detecting the effects of mHTT, be measureable both in preclinical models and human studies, be practical to measure serially in clinical trials, and be reliably measurable in HD gene expansion carriers (HDGECs), among other features. Quantitative electroencephalography (qEEG) fulfills many of these basic criteria of a "fit-for-purpose" biomarker. qEEG measures brain oscillatory activity that is regulated by the brain structures that are affected by mHTT in premanifest and early symptom individuals. The technology is practical to implement in the laboratory and is well tolerated by humans in clinical trials. The biomarkers are measureable across animal models and humans, with findings that appear to be detectable in HDGECs and translate across species. We review here the literature on recent developments in both preclinical and human studies of the use of qEEG biomarkers in HD, and the evidence for their usefulness as biomarkers to help guide development of novel mHTT lowering treatments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael K Leuchter
- David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Elissa J Donzis
- David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Carlos Cepeda
- David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Aimee M Hunter
- David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Neuromodulation Division, Laboratory of Brain, Behavior, and Pharmacology, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ana María Estrada-Sánchez
- David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ian A Cook
- David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Neuromodulation Division, Laboratory of Brain, Behavior, and Pharmacology, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Bioengineering, University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Michael S Levine
- David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Andrew F Leuchter
- David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Neuromodulation Division, Laboratory of Brain, Behavior, and Pharmacology, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Dorner-Ciossek C, Kroker KS, Rosenbrock H. Role of PDE9 in Cognition. ADVANCES IN NEUROBIOLOGY 2017; 17:231-254. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-58811-7_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
|
13
|
Phosphodiesterase 10A Inhibition Improves Cortico-Basal Ganglia Function in Huntington's Disease Models. Neuron 2016; 92:1220-1237. [PMID: 27916455 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2016.10.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2016] [Revised: 09/14/2016] [Accepted: 10/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Huntington's disease (HD) symptoms are driven to a large extent by dysfunction of the basal ganglia circuitry. HD patients exhibit reduced striatal phoshodiesterase 10 (PDE10) levels. Using HD mouse models that exhibit reduced PDE10, we demonstrate the benefit of pharmacologic PDE10 inhibition to acutely correct basal ganglia circuitry deficits. PDE10 inhibition restored corticostriatal input and boosted cortically driven indirect pathway activity. Cyclic nucleotide signaling is impaired in HD models, and PDE10 loss may represent a homeostatic adaptation to maintain signaling. Elevation of both cAMP and cGMP by PDE10 inhibition was required for rescue. Phosphoproteomic profiling of striatum in response to PDE10 inhibition highlighted plausible neural substrates responsible for the improvement. Early chronic PDE10 inhibition in Q175 mice showed improvements beyond those seen with acute administration after symptom onset, including partial reversal of striatal deregulated transcripts and the prevention of the emergence of HD neurophysiological deficits. VIDEO ABSTRACT.
Collapse
|
14
|
Nagy D, Stoiljkovic M, Menniti FS, Hajós M. Differential Effects of an NR2B NAM and Ketamine on Synaptic Potentiation and Gamma Synchrony: Relevance to Rapid-Onset Antidepressant Efficacy. Neuropsychopharmacology 2016; 41:1486-94. [PMID: 26404843 PMCID: PMC4832008 DOI: 10.1038/npp.2015.298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2015] [Revised: 08/26/2015] [Accepted: 09/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Ketamine, a pan-NMDA receptor channel blocker, and CP-101,606, an NR2B-selective negative allosteric modulator, have antidepressant effects in humans that develop rapidly after the drugs are cleared from the body. It has been proposed that the antidepressant effect of ketamine results from delayed synaptic potentiation. To further investigate this hypothesis and potential mechanistic underpinnings we compared the effects of ketamine and CP-101,606 on neurophysiological biomarkers in rats immediately after drug administration and after the drugs had been eliminated. Local field and auditory-evoked potentials (AEPs) were recorded from primary auditory cortex and hippocampus in freely moving rats. Effects of different doses of ketamine or CP-101,606 were evaluated on amplitude of AEPs, auditory gating, and absolute power of delta and gamma oscillations 5-30 min (drug-on) and 5-6 h (drug-off) after systemic administration. Both ketamine and CP-101,606 significantly enhanced AEPs in cortex and hippocampus in the drug-off phase. In contrast, ketamine but not CP-101,606 disrupted auditory gating and increased gamma-band power during the drug-on period. Although both drugs affected delta power, these changes did not correlate with increase in AEPs in the drug-off phase. Our findings show that both ketamine and CP-101,606 augment AEPs after drug elimination, consistent with synaptic potentiation as a mechanism for antidepressant efficacy. However, these drugs had different acute effects on neurophysiological parameters. These results have implications for understanding the underlying mechanisms for the rapid-onset antidepressant effects of NMDA receptor inhibition and for the use of electrophysiological measures as translatable biomarkers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dávid Nagy
- Laboratory of Translational Neuropharmacology, Section of Comparative Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Milan Stoiljkovic
- Laboratory of Translational Neuropharmacology, Section of Comparative Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | | | - Mihály Hajós
- Laboratory of Translational Neuropharmacology, Section of Comparative Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA,Laboratory of Translational Neuropharmacology, Section of Comparative Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, 310 Cedar St MBL 330, New Haven, CT 06520, USA, Tel: +1 203 737 7649, Fax: +1 203 785 7499, E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Kantor S, Varga J, Morton AJ. A single dose of hypnotic corrects sleep and EEG abnormalities in symptomatic Huntington's disease mice. Neuropharmacology 2016; 105:298-307. [PMID: 26805423 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2016.01.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2015] [Revised: 12/23/2015] [Accepted: 01/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Sleep and electroencephalogram abnormalities are prominent early features of Huntington's disease (HD) that typically appear before the onset of characteristic motor symptoms. The changes in sleep and electroencephalogram seen in HD patients are largely recapitulated in mouse models of HD such as transgenic R6/2 lines. To test whether or not drugs with hypnotic properties can correct the sleep and electroencephalogram abnormalities seen in HD mice, we treated male wild-type (WT; N = 7) and R6/2 mice (N = 9) acutely with intraperitoneal injections of vehicle, zolpidem (5, 10 or 20 mg/kg) or amitriptyline (5, 10 or 20 mg/kg), and then monitored their sleep-wake behavior. In R6/2 mice, both zolpidem and amitriptyline suppressed the abnormally high REM sleep amount and electroencephalographic gamma (30-46 Hz) oscillations in a dose-dependent manner. Amitriptyline's effect on sleep was similar in both genotypes, whereas zolpidem showed significant genotype differences. Zolpidem exerted a strong hypnotic effect in WT mice by increasing electroencephalographic delta power, doubling the mean bout duration and the total amount of non-rapid eye movement sleep. However, no such effect was seen in R6/2 mice. Our study demonstrates that the pathophysiological changes seen in sleep and electroencephalogram are not 'hard-wired' in HD brain and can be reversed even at late stages of the disease. The diminished hypnotic effect of zolpidem suggests that the GABAergic control of sleep-wake states is impaired in HD mice. A better understanding of the neurochemical basis underlying these abnormalities should lead to more effective and rational therapies for HD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sandor Kantor
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3DY, United Kingdom
| | - Janos Varga
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3DY, United Kingdom
| | - A Jennifer Morton
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3DY, United Kingdom.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Huang M, Shao Y, Hou J, Cui W, Liang B, Huang Y, Li Z, Wu Y, Zhu X, Liu P, Wan Y, Ke H, Luo HB. Structural Asymmetry of Phosphodiesterase-9A and a Unique Pocket for Selective Binding of a Potent Enantiomeric Inhibitor. Mol Pharmacol 2015; 88:836-45. [PMID: 26316540 DOI: 10.1124/mol.115.099747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2015] [Accepted: 08/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Phosphodiesterase-9 (PDE9) inhibitors have been studied as potential therapeutics for treatment of central nervous system diseases and diabetes. Here, we report the discovery of a new category of PDE9 inhibitors by rational design on the basis of the crystal structures. The best compound, (S)-6-((1-(4-chlorophenyl)ethyl)amino)-1-cyclopentyl-1,5,6,7-tetrahydro-4H-pyrazolo[3,4-day]pyrimidin-4-one [(S)-C33], has an IC50 value of 11 nM against PDE9 and the racemic C33 has bioavailability of 56.5% in the rat pharmacokinetic model. The crystal structures of PDE9 in the complex with racemic C33, (R)-C33, and (S)-C33 reveal subtle conformational asymmetry of two M-loops in the PDE9 dimer and different conformations of two C33 enantiomers. The structures also identified a small hydrophobic pocket that interacts with the tyrosyl tail of (S)-C33 but not with (R)-C33, and is thus possibly useful for improvement of selectivity of PDE9 inhibitors. The asymmetry of the M-loop and the different interactions of the C33 enantiomers imply the necessity to consider the whole PDE9 dimer in the design of inhibitors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manna Huang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering (M.H., J.H., X.Z. Yiq.W.), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Y.S., Z.L., Yin.W., P.L., H.-B.L.), Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, PR China; and Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics and Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina (W.C., B.L., Y.H., H.K.)
| | - Yongxian Shao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering (M.H., J.H., X.Z. Yiq.W.), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Y.S., Z.L., Yin.W., P.L., H.-B.L.), Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, PR China; and Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics and Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina (W.C., B.L., Y.H., H.K.)
| | - Jianying Hou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering (M.H., J.H., X.Z. Yiq.W.), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Y.S., Z.L., Yin.W., P.L., H.-B.L.), Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, PR China; and Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics and Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina (W.C., B.L., Y.H., H.K.)
| | - Wenjun Cui
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering (M.H., J.H., X.Z. Yiq.W.), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Y.S., Z.L., Yin.W., P.L., H.-B.L.), Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, PR China; and Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics and Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina (W.C., B.L., Y.H., H.K.)
| | - Beibei Liang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering (M.H., J.H., X.Z. Yiq.W.), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Y.S., Z.L., Yin.W., P.L., H.-B.L.), Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, PR China; and Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics and Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina (W.C., B.L., Y.H., H.K.)
| | - Yingchun Huang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering (M.H., J.H., X.Z. Yiq.W.), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Y.S., Z.L., Yin.W., P.L., H.-B.L.), Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, PR China; and Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics and Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina (W.C., B.L., Y.H., H.K.)
| | - Zhe Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering (M.H., J.H., X.Z. Yiq.W.), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Y.S., Z.L., Yin.W., P.L., H.-B.L.), Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, PR China; and Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics and Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina (W.C., B.L., Y.H., H.K.)
| | - Yinuo Wu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering (M.H., J.H., X.Z. Yiq.W.), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Y.S., Z.L., Yin.W., P.L., H.-B.L.), Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, PR China; and Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics and Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina (W.C., B.L., Y.H., H.K.)
| | - Xinhai Zhu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering (M.H., J.H., X.Z. Yiq.W.), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Y.S., Z.L., Yin.W., P.L., H.-B.L.), Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, PR China; and Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics and Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina (W.C., B.L., Y.H., H.K.)
| | - Peiqing Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering (M.H., J.H., X.Z. Yiq.W.), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Y.S., Z.L., Yin.W., P.L., H.-B.L.), Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, PR China; and Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics and Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina (W.C., B.L., Y.H., H.K.)
| | - Yiqian Wan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering (M.H., J.H., X.Z. Yiq.W.), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Y.S., Z.L., Yin.W., P.L., H.-B.L.), Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, PR China; and Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics and Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina (W.C., B.L., Y.H., H.K.)
| | - Hengming Ke
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering (M.H., J.H., X.Z. Yiq.W.), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Y.S., Z.L., Yin.W., P.L., H.-B.L.), Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, PR China; and Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics and Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina (W.C., B.L., Y.H., H.K.)
| | - Hai-Bin Luo
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering (M.H., J.H., X.Z. Yiq.W.), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Y.S., Z.L., Yin.W., P.L., H.-B.L.), Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, PR China; and Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics and Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina (W.C., B.L., Y.H., H.K.)
| |
Collapse
|