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Starke G, Akmazoglu TB, Colucci A, Vermehren M, van Beinum A, Buthut M, Soekadar SR, Bublitz C, Chandler JA, Ienca M. Qualitative studies involving users of clinical neurotechnology: a scoping review. BMC Med Ethics 2024; 25:89. [PMID: 39138452 PMCID: PMC11323440 DOI: 10.1186/s12910-024-01087-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The rise of a new generation of intelligent neuroprostheses, brain-computer interfaces (BCI) and adaptive closed-loop brain stimulation devices hastens the clinical deployment of neurotechnologies to treat neurological and neuropsychiatric disorders. However, it remains unclear how these nascent technologies may impact the subjective experience of their users. To inform this debate, it is crucial to have a solid understanding how more established current technologies already affect their users. In recent years, researchers have used qualitative research methods to explore the subjective experience of individuals who become users of clinical neurotechnology. Yet, a synthesis of these more recent findings focusing on qualitative methods is still lacking. METHODS To address this gap in the literature, we systematically searched five databases for original research articles that investigated subjective experiences of persons using or receiving neuroprosthetics, BCIs or neuromodulation with qualitative interviews and raised normative questions. RESULTS 36 research articles were included and analysed using qualitative content analysis. Our findings synthesise the current scientific literature and reveal a pronounced focus on usability and other technical aspects of user experience. In parallel, they highlight a relative neglect of considerations regarding agency, self-perception, personal identity and subjective experience. CONCLUSIONS Our synthesis of the existing qualitative literature on clinical neurotechnology highlights the need to expand the current methodological focus as to investigate also non-technical aspects of user experience. Given the critical role considerations of agency, self-perception and personal identity play in assessing the ethical and legal significance of these technologies, our findings reveal a critical gap in the existing literature. This review provides a comprehensive synthesis of the current qualitative research landscape on neurotechnology and the limitations thereof. These findings can inform researchers on how to study the subjective experience of neurotechnology users more holistically and build patient-centred neurotechnology.
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Grants
- HYBRIDMIND (SNSF 32NE30_199436; BMBF, 01GP2121A and -B), ERA-NET NEURON
- HYBRIDMIND (SNSF 32NE30_199436; BMBF, 01GP2121A and -B), ERA-NET NEURON
- HYBRIDMIND (SNSF 32NE30_199436; BMBF, 01GP2121A and -B), ERA-NET NEURON
- HYBRIDMIND (SNSF 32NE30_199436; BMBF, 01GP2121A and -B), ERA-NET NEURON
- HYBRIDMIND (SNSF 32NE30_199436; BMBF, 01GP2121A and -B), ERA-NET NEURON
- HYBRIDMIND (SNSF 32NE30_199436; BMBF, 01GP2121A and -B), ERA-NET NEURON
- HYBRIDMIND (SNSF 32NE30_199436; BMBF, 01GP2121A and -B), ERA-NET NEURON
- HYBRIDMIND (SNSF 32NE30_199436; BMBF, 01GP2121A and -B), ERA-NET NEURON
- HYBRIDMIND (SNSF 32NE30_199436; BMBF, 01GP2121A and -B), ERA-NET NEURON
- HYBRIDMIND (SNSF 32NE30_199436; BMBF, 01GP2121A and -B), ERA-NET NEURON
- NGBMI (759370) European Research Council (ERC)
- NGBMI (759370) European Research Council (ERC)
- NGBMI (759370) European Research Council (ERC)
- NGBMI (759370) European Research Council (ERC)
- SSMART (01DR21025A), NEO (13GW0483C), QHMI (03ZU1110DD), QSHIFT (01UX2211) and NeuroQ (13N16486) Federal Ministry of Research and Education (BMBF)
- SSMART (01DR21025A), NEO (13GW0483C), QHMI (03ZU1110DD), QSHIFT (01UX2211) and NeuroQ (13N16486) Federal Ministry of Research and Education (BMBF)
- SSMART (01DR21025A), NEO (13GW0483C), QHMI (03ZU1110DD), QSHIFT (01UX2211) and NeuroQ (13N16486) Federal Ministry of Research and Education (BMBF)
- SSMART (01DR21025A), NEO (13GW0483C), QHMI (03ZU1110DD), QSHIFT (01UX2211) and NeuroQ (13N16486) Federal Ministry of Research and Education (BMBF)
- A-2019-558 Einstein Foundation Berlin
- A-2019-558 Einstein Foundation Berlin
- A-2019-558 Einstein Foundation Berlin
- A-2019-558 Einstein Foundation Berlin
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Affiliation(s)
- Georg Starke
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute for History and Ethics of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.
- College of Humanities, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | | | - Annalisa Colucci
- Clinical Neurotechnology Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry and Neurosciences at the Charité Campus Mitte, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Mareike Vermehren
- Clinical Neurotechnology Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry and Neurosciences at the Charité Campus Mitte, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Amanda van Beinum
- Centre for Health Law Policy and Ethics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Maria Buthut
- Clinical Neurotechnology Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry and Neurosciences at the Charité Campus Mitte, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Surjo R Soekadar
- Clinical Neurotechnology Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry and Neurosciences at the Charité Campus Mitte, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Jennifer A Chandler
- Bertram Loeb Research Chair, Faculty of Law, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Marcello Ienca
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute for History and Ethics of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- College of Humanities, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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Willsey MS, Shah NP, Avansino DT, Hahn NV, Jamiolkowski RM, Kamdar FB, Hochberg LR, Willett FR, Henderson JM. A real-time, high-performance brain-computer interface for finger decoding and quadcopter control. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.02.06.578107. [PMID: 38370697 PMCID: PMC10871262 DOI: 10.1101/2024.02.06.578107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
People with paralysis express unmet needs for peer support, leisure activities, and sporting activities. Many within the general population rely on social media and massively multiplayer video games to address these needs. We developed a high-performance finger brain-computer-interface system allowing continuous control of 3 independent finger groups with 2D thumb movements. The system was tested in a human research participant over sequential trials requiring fingers to reach and hold on targets, with an average acquisition rate of 76 targets/minute and completion time of 1.58 ± 0.06 seconds. Performance compared favorably to previous animal studies, despite a 2-fold increase in the decoded degrees-of-freedom (DOF). Finger positions were then used for 4-DOF velocity control of a virtual quadcopter, demonstrating functionality over both fixed and random obstacle courses. This approach shows promise for controlling multiple-DOF end-effectors, such as robotic fingers or digital interfaces for work, entertainment, and socialization.
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Weber M, Backhaus J, Lutz R, Nobis CP, Zeichner S, Koenig S, Kesting M, Olmos M. A novel approach to microsurgical teaching in head and neck surgery leveraging modern 3D technologies. Sci Rep 2023; 13:20341. [PMID: 37990073 PMCID: PMC10663471 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-47225-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The anatomically complex and often spatially restricted conditions of anastomosis in the head and neck region cannot be adequately reproduced by training exercises on current ex vivo or small animal models. With the development of a Realistic Anatomical Condition Experience (RACE) model, complex spatial-anatomical surgical areas and the associated intraoperative complexities could be transferred into a realistic training situation in head and neck surgery. The RACE model is based on a stereolithography file generated by intraoperative use of a three-dimensional surface scanner after neck dissection and before microvascular anastomosis. Modelling of the acquired STL file using three-dimensional processing software led to the model's final design. As a result, we have successfully created an economical, sustainable and realistic model for microsurgical education and provide a step-by-step workflow that can be used in surgical and general medical education to replicate and establish comparable models. We provide an open source stereolithography file of the head-and-neck RACE model for printing for educational purposes. Once implemented in other fields of surgery and general medicine, RACE models could mark a shift in medical education as a whole, away from traditional teaching principles and towards the use of realistic and individualised simulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Weber
- Department of Oral and Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Glückstrasse 11, 91054, Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Joy Backhaus
- Institute of Medical Teaching and Medical Education Research, University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Rainer Lutz
- Department of Oral and Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Glückstrasse 11, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Christopher-Philipp Nobis
- Department of Oral and Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Glückstrasse 11, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | | | - Sarah Koenig
- Institute of Medical Teaching and Medical Education Research, University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Marco Kesting
- Department of Oral and Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Glückstrasse 11, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Manuel Olmos
- Department of Oral and Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Glückstrasse 11, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
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Fields C, Levin M. Competency in Navigating Arbitrary Spaces as an Invariant for Analyzing Cognition in Diverse Embodiments. ENTROPY (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 24:819. [PMID: 35741540 PMCID: PMC9222757 DOI: 10.3390/e24060819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
One of the most salient features of life is its capacity to handle novelty and namely to thrive and adapt to new circumstances and changes in both the environment and internal components. An understanding of this capacity is central to several fields: the evolution of form and function, the design of effective strategies for biomedicine, and the creation of novel life forms via chimeric and bioengineering technologies. Here, we review instructive examples of living organisms solving diverse problems and propose competent navigation in arbitrary spaces as an invariant for thinking about the scaling of cognition during evolution. We argue that our innate capacity to recognize agency and intelligence in unfamiliar guises lags far behind our ability to detect it in familiar behavioral contexts. The multi-scale competency of life is essential to adaptive function, potentiating evolution and providing strategies for top-down control (not micromanagement) to address complex disease and injury. We propose an observer-focused viewpoint that is agnostic about scale and implementation, illustrating how evolution pivoted similar strategies to explore and exploit metabolic, transcriptional, morphological, and finally 3D motion spaces. By generalizing the concept of behavior, we gain novel perspectives on evolution, strategies for system-level biomedical interventions, and the construction of bioengineered intelligences. This framework is a first step toward relating to intelligence in highly unfamiliar embodiments, which will be essential for progress in artificial intelligence and regenerative medicine and for thriving in a world increasingly populated by synthetic, bio-robotic, and hybrid beings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris Fields
- Allen Discovery Center at Tufts University, Science and Engineering Complex, 200 College Ave., Medford, MA 02155, USA;
| | - Michael Levin
- Allen Discovery Center at Tufts University, Science and Engineering Complex, 200 College Ave., Medford, MA 02155, USA;
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Jamil N, Belkacem AN, Ouhbi S, Lakas A. Noninvasive Electroencephalography Equipment for Assistive, Adaptive, and Rehabilitative Brain-Computer Interfaces: A Systematic Literature Review. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 21:4754. [PMID: 34300492 PMCID: PMC8309653 DOI: 10.3390/s21144754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Humans interact with computers through various devices. Such interactions may not require any physical movement, thus aiding people with severe motor disabilities in communicating with external devices. The brain-computer interface (BCI) has turned into a field involving new elements for assistive and rehabilitative technologies. This systematic literature review (SLR) aims to help BCI investigator and investors to decide which devices to select or which studies to support based on the current market examination. This examination of noninvasive EEG devices is based on published BCI studies in different research areas. In this SLR, the research area of noninvasive BCIs using electroencephalography (EEG) was analyzed by examining the types of equipment used for assistive, adaptive, and rehabilitative BCIs. For this SLR, candidate studies were selected from the IEEE digital library, PubMed, Scopus, and ScienceDirect. The inclusion criteria (IC) were limited to studies focusing on applications and devices of the BCI technology. The data used herein were selected using IC and exclusion criteria to ensure quality assessment. The selected articles were divided into four main research areas: education, engineering, entertainment, and medicine. Overall, 238 papers were selected based on IC. Moreover, 28 companies were identified that developed wired and wireless equipment as means of BCI assistive technology. The findings of this review indicate that the implications of using BCIs for assistive, adaptive, and rehabilitative technologies are encouraging for people with severe motor disabilities and healthy people. With an increasing number of healthy people using BCIs, other research areas, such as the motivation of players when participating in games or the security of soldiers when observing certain areas, can be studied and collaborated using the BCI technology. However, such BCI systems must be simple (wearable), convenient (sensor fabrics and self-adjusting abilities), and inexpensive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuraini Jamil
- Department of Computer Science and Software Engineering, College of Information Technology, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates; (N.J.); (S.O.)
| | - Abdelkader Nasreddine Belkacem
- Department of Computer and Network Engineering, College of Information Technology, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates;
| | - Sofia Ouhbi
- Department of Computer Science and Software Engineering, College of Information Technology, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates; (N.J.); (S.O.)
| | - Abderrahmane Lakas
- Department of Computer and Network Engineering, College of Information Technology, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates;
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Jafar MR, Nagesh DS. Literature review on assistive devices available for quadriplegic people: Indian context. Disabil Rehabil Assist Technol 2021; 18:1-13. [PMID: 34176416 DOI: 10.1080/17483107.2021.1938708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This literature review aims to find the current state of the art in self-help devices (SHD) available for people with quadriplegia. MATERIALS AND METHODS We searched original articles, technical and case studies, conference articles, and literature reviews published between 2014 to 2019 with the keywords ("Self-help devices" OR "Assistive Devices" OR "Assistive Product" OR "Assistive Technology") AND "Quadriplegia" in Science Direct, Pubmed, IEEE Xplore digital library and Web of Science. RESULTS Total 222 articles were found. After removing duplicates and screening these articles based on their title and abstracts 80 articles remained. After this, we reviewed the full text, and articles unrelated to SHD development or about the patients who require mechanical ventilation or where the upper limb is functional (C2 or above and T2 or below injuries) were discarded. After the exclusion of articles using the above-mentioned criterion 75 articles were used for further review. CONCLUSION The abandonment rate of SHD currently available in the literature is very high. The major requirement of the people was independence and improved quality of life. The situation in India is very bad as compared to the developed countries. The people with spinal cord injury in India are uneducated and very poor, with an average income of 3000 ₹ (41$). They require SHDs and training specially designed for them, keeping their needs in mind.Implications for rehabilitationPeople with quadriplegia are totally dependent on caregivers. Assistive devices not only help these people to do day-to-day tasks but also provides them self-confidence.Even though there are a lot of self-help devices currently available, still they are not able to fulfil the requirements of people with quadriplegia, hence there is a very high abandonment rate of such devices.This study provides an evidence that developing devices after understanding the functional and non-functional requirements of these subjects will decrease the abandonment rate and increase the effectiveness of the device.The results of this study can be used for planning and developing assistive devices which are more focussed on fulfilling the requirements of people with quadriplegia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Rizwan Jafar
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Delhi Technological University, Delhi, India
| | - D S Nagesh
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Delhi Technological University, Delhi, India
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Han J, Jiang H, Zhu J. Neurorestoration: Advances in human brain–computer interface using microelectrode arrays. JOURNAL OF NEURORESTORATOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.26599/jnr.2020.9040006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Neural damage has been a great challenge to the medical field for a very long time. The emergence of brain–computer interfaces (BCIs) offered a new possibility to enhance the activity of daily living and provide a new formation of entertainment for those with disabilities. Intracortical BCIs, which require the implantation of microelectrodes, can receive neuronal signals with a high spatial and temporal resolution from the individual’s cortex. When BCI decoded cortical signals and mapped them to external devices, it displayed the ability not only to replace part of the human motor function but also to help individuals restore certain neurological functions. In this review, we focus on human intracortical BCI research using microelectrode arrays and summarize the main directions and the latest results in this field. In general, we found that intracortical BCI research based on motor neuroprosthetics and functional electrical stimulation have already achieved some simple functional replacement and treatment of motor function. Pioneering work in the posterior parietal cortex has given us a glimpse of the potential that intracortical BCIs have to control external devices and receive various sensory information.
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Nagarajan G, Minu R, Jayanthiladevi A. Brain computer interface for smart hardware device. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RF TECHNOLOGIES 2019. [DOI: 10.3233/rft-180167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- G. Nagarajan
- Department of CSE, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - R.I. Minu
- Department of CSE, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu, India
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Orejuela-Zapata JF, Rodriguez S, Ramirez GL. Self-Help Devices for Quadriplegic Population: A Systematic Literature Review. IEEE Trans Neural Syst Rehabil Eng 2019; 27:692-701. [DOI: 10.1109/tnsre.2019.2901399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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A novel motor imagery hybrid brain computer interface using EEG and functional transcranial Doppler ultrasound. J Neurosci Methods 2018; 313:44-53. [PMID: 30590086 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2018.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Revised: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hybrid brain computer interfaces (BCIs) combining multiple brain imaging modalities have been proposed recently to boost the performance of single modality BCIs. NEW METHOD In this paper, we propose a novel motor imagery (MI) hybrid BCI that uses electrical brain activity recorded using Electroencephalography (EEG) as well as cerebral blood flow velocity measured using functional transcranial Doppler ultrasound (fTCD). Features derived from the power spectrum for both EEG and fTCD signals were calculated. Mutual information and linear support vector machines (SVM) were employed for feature selection and classification. RESULTS Using the EEG-fTCD combination, average accuracies of 88.33%, 89.48%, and 82.38% were achieved for right arm MI versus baseline, left arm MI versus baseline, and right arm MI versus left arm MI respectively. Compared to performance measures obtained using EEG only, the hybrid system provided significant improvement in terms of accuracy by 4.48%, 5.36%, and 4.76% respectively. In addition, average transmission rates of 4.17, 5.45, and 10.57 bits/min were achieved for right arm MI versus baseline, left arm MI versus baseline, and right arm MI versus left arm MI respectively. COMPARISON WITH EXISTING METHODS Compared to EEG-fNIRS hybrid BCIs in literature, we achieved similar or higher accuracies with shorter task duration. CONCLUSIONS The proposed hybrid system is a promising candidate for real-time BCI applications.
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Kaya M, Binli MK, Ozbay E, Yanar H, Mishchenko Y. A large electroencephalographic motor imagery dataset for electroencephalographic brain computer interfaces. Sci Data 2018; 5:180211. [PMID: 30325349 PMCID: PMC6190745 DOI: 10.1038/sdata.2018.211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent advancements in brain computer interfaces (BCI) have demonstrated control of robotic systems by mental processes alone. Together with invasive BCI, electroencephalographic (EEG) BCI represent an important direction in the development of BCI systems. In the context of EEG BCI, the processing of EEG data is the key challenge. Unfortunately, advances in that direction have been complicated by a lack of large and uniform datasets that could be used to design and evaluate different data processing approaches. In this work, we release a large set of EEG BCI data collected during the development of a slow cortical potentials-based EEG BCI. The dataset contains 60 h of EEG recordings, 13 participants, 75 recording sessions, 201 individual EEG BCI interaction session-segments, and over 60 000 examples of motor imageries in 4 interaction paradigms. The current dataset presents one of the largest EEG BCI datasets publically available to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murat Kaya
- Mersin University, Mersin, 33140, Turkey
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12
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13
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Enrichment of Human-Computer Interaction in Brain-Computer Interfaces via Virtual Environments. COMPUTATIONAL INTELLIGENCE AND NEUROSCIENCE 2018; 2017:6076913. [PMID: 29317861 PMCID: PMC5727652 DOI: 10.1155/2017/6076913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2017] [Revised: 11/01/2017] [Accepted: 11/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Tridimensional representations stimulate cognitive processes that are the core and foundation of human-computer interaction (HCI). Those cognitive processes take place while a user navigates and explores a virtual environment (VE) and are mainly related to spatial memory storage, attention, and perception. VEs have many distinctive features (e.g., involvement, immersion, and presence) that can significantly improve HCI in highly demanding and interactive systems such as brain-computer interfaces (BCI). BCI is as a nonmuscular communication channel that attempts to reestablish the interaction between an individual and his/her environment. Although BCI research started in the sixties, this technology is not efficient or reliable yet for everyone at any time. Over the past few years, researchers have argued that main BCI flaws could be associated with HCI issues. The evidence presented thus far shows that VEs can (1) set out working environmental conditions, (2) maximize the efficiency of BCI control panels, (3) implement navigation systems based not only on user intentions but also on user emotions, and (4) regulate user mental state to increase the differentiation between control and noncontrol modalities.
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Novak D, Sigrist R, Gerig NJ, Wyss D, Bauer R, Götz U, Riener R. Benchmarking Brain-Computer Interfaces Outside the Laboratory: The Cybathlon 2016. Front Neurosci 2018; 11:756. [PMID: 29375294 PMCID: PMC5768650 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2017.00756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Accepted: 12/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper presents a new approach to benchmarking brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) outside the lab. A computer game was created that mimics a real-world application of assistive BCIs, with the main outcome metric being the time needed to complete the game. This approach was used at the Cybathlon 2016, a competition for people with disabilities who use assistive technology to achieve tasks. The paper summarizes the technical challenges of BCIs, describes the design of the benchmarking game, then describes the rules for acceptable hardware, software and inclusion of human pilots in the BCI competition at the Cybathlon. The 11 participating teams, their approaches, and their results at the Cybathlon are presented. Though the benchmarking procedure has some limitations (for instance, we were unable to identify any factors that clearly contribute to BCI performance), it can be successfully used to analyze BCI performance in realistic, less structured conditions. In the future, the parameters of the benchmarking game could be modified to better mimic different applications (e.g., the need to use some commands more frequently than others). Furthermore, the Cybathlon has the potential to showcase such devices to the general public.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domen Novak
- Sensory-Motor Systems Lab, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, United States
| | - Roland Sigrist
- Sensory-Motor Systems Lab, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Nicolas J Gerig
- Sensory-Motor Systems Lab, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Dario Wyss
- Sensory-Motor Systems Lab, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - René Bauer
- Department of Design, Specialization in Game Design, Zurich University of the Arts, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ulrich Götz
- Department of Design, Specialization in Game Design, Zurich University of the Arts, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Robert Riener
- Sensory-Motor Systems Lab, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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