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Bendetowicz D, Fabbri M, Sirna F, Fernagut PO, Foubert-Samier A, Saulnier T, Le Traon AP, Proust-Lima C, Rascol O, Meissner WG. Recent Advances in Clinical Trials in Multiple System Atrophy. Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep 2024; 24:95-112. [PMID: 38416311 DOI: 10.1007/s11910-024-01335-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This review summarizes previous and ongoing neuroprotection trials in multiple system atrophy (MSA), a rare and fatal neurodegenerative disease characterized by parkinsonism, cerebellar, and autonomic dysfunction. It also describes the preclinical therapeutic pipeline and provides some considerations relevant to successfully conducting clinical trials in MSA, i.e., diagnosis, endpoints, and trial design. RECENT FINDINGS Over 30 compounds have been tested in clinical trials in MSA. While this illustrates a strong treatment pipeline, only two have reached their primary endpoint. Ongoing clinical trials primarily focus on targeting α-synuclein, the neuropathological hallmark of MSA being α-synuclein-bearing glial cytoplasmic inclusions. The mostly negative trial outcomes highlight the importance of better understanding underlying disease mechanisms and improving preclinical models. Together with efforts to refine clinical measurement tools, innovative statistical methods, and developments in biomarker research, this will enhance the design of future neuroprotection trials in MSA and the likelihood of positive outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Bendetowicz
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, IMN, UMR5293, Bordeaux, France.
- CHU Bordeaux, Service de Neurologie des Maladies Neurodégénératives, IMNc, CRMR AMS, NS-Park/FCRIN Network, Bordeaux, France.
| | - Margherita Fabbri
- MSA French Reference Center, Univ. Hospital Toulouse, Toulouse, France
- Univ. Toulouse, CIC-1436, Departments of Clinical Pharmacology and Neurosciences, NeuroToul COEN Center, NS-Park/FCRIN Network, Toulouse University Hospital, Inserm, U1048/1214, Toulouse, France
| | - Federico Sirna
- Univ. Bordeaux, INSERM, BPH, U1219, IPSED, Bordeaux, France
| | - Pierre-Olivier Fernagut
- Université de Poitiers, Laboratoire de Neurosciences Expérimentales et Cliniques, INSERM UMR-S 1084, Poitiers, France
| | - Alexandra Foubert-Samier
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, IMN, UMR5293, Bordeaux, France
- CHU Bordeaux, Service de Neurologie des Maladies Neurodégénératives, IMNc, CRMR AMS, NS-Park/FCRIN Network, Bordeaux, France
- Univ. Bordeaux, INSERM, BPH, U1219, IPSED, Bordeaux, France
| | | | - Anne Pavy Le Traon
- MSA French Reference Center, Univ. Hospital Toulouse, Toulouse, France
- Univ. Toulouse, CIC-1436, Departments of Clinical Pharmacology and Neurosciences, NeuroToul COEN Center, NS-Park/FCRIN Network, Toulouse University Hospital, Inserm, U1048/1214, Toulouse, France
| | | | - Olivier Rascol
- MSA French Reference Center, Univ. Hospital Toulouse, Toulouse, France
- Univ. Toulouse, CIC-1436, Departments of Clinical Pharmacology and Neurosciences, NeuroToul COEN Center, NS-Park/FCRIN Network, Toulouse University Hospital, Inserm, U1048/1214, Toulouse, France
| | - Wassilios G Meissner
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, IMN, UMR5293, Bordeaux, France
- CHU Bordeaux, Service de Neurologie des Maladies Neurodégénératives, IMNc, CRMR AMS, NS-Park/FCRIN Network, Bordeaux, France
- Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, and New Zealand Brain Research Institute, Christchurch, New Zealand
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Cheng A, Jia W, Finkelstein DI, Stefanova N, Wang H, Sasaki T, Kawahata I, Fukunaga K. Pharmacological inhibition of FABP7 by MF 6 counteracts cerebellum dysfunction in an experimental multiple system atrophy mouse model. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2024; 45:66-75. [PMID: 37605049 PMCID: PMC10770047 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-023-01138-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple system atrophy (MSA) is a rare, fatal neurodegenerative disease characterized by the accumulation of misfolded α-synuclein (αSyn) in glial cells, leading to the formation of glial cytoplasmic inclusions (GCI). We previous found that glial fatty acid-binding protein 7 (FABP7) played a crucial role in alpha-synuclein (αSyn) aggregation and toxicity in oligodendrocytes, inhibition of FABP7 by a specific inhibitor MF 6 reduced αSyn aggregation and enhanced cell viability in cultured cell lines and mouse oligodendrocyte progenitor cells. In this study we investigated whether MF 6 ameliorated αSyn-associated pathological processes in PLP-hαSyn transgenic mice (PLP-αSyn mice), a wildly used MSA mouse model with overexpressing αSyn in oligodendroglia under the proteolipid protein (PLP) promoter. PLP-αSyn mice were orally administered MF6 (0.1, 1 mg ·kg-1 ·d-1) for 32 days starting from the age of 6 months. We showed that oral administration of MF 6 significantly improved motor function assessed in a pole test, and reduced αSyn aggregation levels in both cerebellum and basal ganglia of PLP-αSyn mice. Moreover, MF 6 administration decreased oxidative stress and inflammation levels, and improved myelin levels and Purkinje neuron morphology in the cerebellum. By using mouse brain tissue slices and αSyn aggregates-treated KG-1C cells, we demonstrated that MF 6 reduced αSyn propagation to Purkinje neurons and oligodendrocytes through regulating endocytosis. Overall, these results suggest that MF 6 improves cerebellar functions in MSA by inhibiting αSyn aggregation and propagation. We conclude that MF 6 is a promising compound that warrants further development for the treatment of MSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- An Cheng
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - Wenbin Jia
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - David I Finkelstein
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Nadia Stefanova
- Laboratory for Translational Neurodegeneration Research, Division of Neurobiology, Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Haoyang Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Takuya Sasaki
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Ichiro Kawahata
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Kohji Fukunaga
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.
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Leńska-Mieciek M, Madetko-Alster N, Alster P, Królicki L, Fiszer U, Koziorowski D. Inflammation in multiple system atrophy. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1214677. [PMID: 37426656 PMCID: PMC10327640 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1214677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Misfolding protein aggregation inside or outside cells is the major pathological hallmark of several neurodegenerative diseases. Among proteinopathies are neurodegenerative diseases with atypical Parkinsonism and an accumulation of insoluble fibrillary alpha-synuclein (synucleinopathies) or hyperphosphorylated tau protein fragments (tauopathies). As there are no therapies available to slow or halt the progression of these disea ses, targeting the inflammatory process is a promising approach. The inflammatory biomarkers could also help in the differential diagnosis of Parkinsonian syndromes. Here, we review inflammation's role in multiple systems atrophy pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Leńska-Mieciek
- Department of Neurology and Epileptology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Piotr Alster
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Leszek Królicki
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Urszula Fiszer
- Department of Neurology and Epileptology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Warsaw, Poland
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Oizumi H, Sugimura Y, Totsune T, Kawasaki I, Ohshiro S, Baba T, Kimpara T, Sakuma H, Hasegawa T, Kawahata I, Fukunaga K, Takeda A. Plasma sphingolipid abnormalities in neurodegenerative diseases. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0279315. [PMID: 36525454 PMCID: PMC9757566 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0279315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In recent years, there has been increasing evidence that several lipid metabolism abnormalities play an important role in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases. However, it is still unclear which lipid metabolism abnormalities play the most important role in neurodegenerative diseases. Plasma lipid metabolomics (lipidomics) has been shown to be an unbiased method that can be used to explore lipid metabolism abnormalities in neurodegenerative diseases. Plasma lipidomics in neurodegenerative diseases has been performed only in idiopathic Parkinson's disease (IPD) and Alzheimer's disease (AD), and comprehensive studies are needed to clarify the pathogenesis. METHODS In this study, we investigated plasma lipids using lipidomics in individuals with neurodegenerative diseases and healthy controls (CNs). Plasma lipidomics was evaluated by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) in those with IPD, dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), multiple system atrophy (MSA), AD, and progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) and CNs. RESULTS The results showed that (1) plasma sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) was significantly lower in all neurodegenerative disease groups (IPD, DLB, MSA, AD, and PSP) than in the CN group. (2) Plasma monohexylceramide (MonCer) and lactosylceramide (LacCer) were significantly higher in all neurodegenerative disease groups (IPD, DLB, MSA, AD, and PSP) than in the CN group. (3) Plasma MonCer levels were significantly positively correlated with plasma LacCer levels in all enrolled groups. CONCLUSION S1P, Glucosylceramide (GlcCer), the main component of MonCer, and LacCer are sphingolipids that are biosynthesized from ceramide. Recent studies have suggested that elevated GlcCer and decreased S1P levels in neurons are related to neuronal cell death and that elevated LacCer levels induce neurodegeneration by neuroinflammation. In the present study, we found decreased plasma S1P levels and elevated plasma MonCer and LacCer levels in those with neurodegenerative diseases, which is a new finding indicating the importance of abnormal sphingolipid metabolism in neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideki Oizumi
- Department of Neurology, National Hospital Organization Sendai Nishitaga Hospital, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yoko Sugimura
- Department of Neurology, National Hospital Organization Sendai Nishitaga Hospital, Sendai, Japan
| | - Tomoko Totsune
- Department of Neurology, National Hospital Organization Sendai Nishitaga Hospital, Sendai, Japan
| | - Iori Kawasaki
- Department of Neurology, National Hospital Organization Sendai Nishitaga Hospital, Sendai, Japan
| | - Saki Ohshiro
- Department of Neurology, National Hospital Organization Sendai Nishitaga Hospital, Sendai, Japan
| | - Toru Baba
- Department of Neurology, National Hospital Organization Sendai Nishitaga Hospital, Sendai, Japan
| | - Teiko Kimpara
- Department of Neurology, National Hospital Organization Sendai Nishitaga Hospital, Sendai, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Sakuma
- Department of Neurology, National Hospital Organization Sendai Nishitaga Hospital, Sendai, Japan
| | - Takafumi Hasegawa
- Department of Neurology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Ichiro Kawahata
- Department of Pharmacology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sendai, Japan
| | - Kohji Fukunaga
- Department of Pharmacology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sendai, Japan
| | - Atsushi Takeda
- Department of Neurology, National Hospital Organization Sendai Nishitaga Hospital, Sendai, Japan
- Department of Cognitive and Motor Aging, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
- * E-mail:
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Kinoshita C, Kubota N, Aoyama K. Glutathione Depletion and MicroRNA Dysregulation in Multiple System Atrophy: A Review. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232315076. [PMID: 36499400 PMCID: PMC9740333 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232315076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple system atrophy (MSA) is a rare neurodegenerative disease characterized by parkinsonism, cerebellar impairment, and autonomic failure. Although the causes of MSA onset and progression remain uncertain, its pathogenesis may involve oxidative stress via the generation of excess reactive oxygen species and/or destruction of the antioxidant system. One of the most powerful antioxidants is glutathione, which plays essential roles as an antioxidant enzyme cofactor, cysteine-storage molecule, major redox buffer, and neuromodulator, in addition to being a key antioxidant in the central nervous system. Glutathione levels are known to be reduced in neurodegenerative diseases. In addition, genes regulating redox states have been shown to be post-transcriptionally modified by microRNA (miRNA), one of the most important types of non-coding RNA. miRNAs have been reported to be dysregulated in several diseases, including MSA. In this review, we focused on the relation between glutathione deficiency, miRNA dysregulation and oxidative stress and their close relation with MSA pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chisato Kinoshita
- Department of Pharmacology, Teikyo University School of Medicine, 2-11-1 Kaga, Itabashi, Tokyo 173-8605, Japan
- Correspondence: (C.K.); (K.A.); Tel.: +81-3-3964-3794 (C.K.); +81-3-3964-1211 (K.A.)
| | - Noriko Kubota
- Department of Pharmacology, Teikyo University School of Medicine, 2-11-1 Kaga, Itabashi, Tokyo 173-8605, Japan
- Teikyo University Support Center for Women Physicians and Researchers, 2-11-1 Kaga, Itabashi, Tokyo 173-8605, Japan
| | - Koji Aoyama
- Department of Pharmacology, Teikyo University School of Medicine, 2-11-1 Kaga, Itabashi, Tokyo 173-8605, Japan
- Correspondence: (C.K.); (K.A.); Tel.: +81-3-3964-3794 (C.K.); +81-3-3964-1211 (K.A.)
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Mirzaei M, Abyadeh M, Turner AJ, Wall RV, Chick JM, Paulo JA, Gupta VK, Basavarajappa D, Chitranshi N, Mirshahvaladi SSO, You Y, Fitzhenry MJ, Amirkhani A, Haynes PA, Klistorner A, Gupta V, Graham SL. Fingolimod effects on the brain are mediated through biochemical modulation of bioenergetics, autophagy, and neuroinflammatory networks. Proteomics 2022; 22:e2100247. [PMID: 35866514 PMCID: PMC9786555 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.202100247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Fingolimod (FTY720) is an oral drug approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for management of multiple sclerosis (MS) symptoms, which has also shown beneficial effects against Alzheimer's (AD) and Parkinson's (PD) diseases pathologies. Although an extensive effort has been made to identify mechanisms underpinning its therapeutic effects, much remains unknown. Here, we investigated Fingolimod induced proteome changes in the cerebellum (CB) and frontal cortex (FC) regions of the brain which are known to be severely affected in MS, using a tandem mass tag (TMT) isobaric labeling-based quantitative mass-spectrometric approach to investigate the mechanism of action of Fingolimod. This study identified 6749 and 6319 proteins in CB and FC, respectively, and returned 2609 and 3086 differentially expressed proteins in mouse CB and FC, respectively, between Fingolimod treated and control groups. Subsequent bioinformatics analyses indicated a metabolic reprogramming in both brain regions of the Fingolimod treated group, where oxidative phosphorylation was upregulated while glycolysis and pentose phosphate pathway were downregulated. In addition, modulation of neuroinflammation in the Fingolimod treated group was indicated by upregulation of retrograde endocannabinoid signaling and autophagy pathways, and downregulation of neuroinflammation related pathways including neutrophil degranulation and the IL-12 mediated signaling pathway. Our findings suggest that Fingolimod may exert its protective effects on the brain by inducing metabolic reprogramming and neuroinflammation pathway modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Mirzaei
- Department of Clinical MedicineFaculty of MedicineHealth and Human SciencesMacquarie Medical SchoolMacquarie UniversityMacquarie Park, North RydeSydneyNSWAustralia
| | | | - Anita J. Turner
- Department of Clinical MedicineFaculty of MedicineHealth and Human SciencesMacquarie Medical SchoolMacquarie UniversityMacquarie Park, North RydeSydneyNSWAustralia
| | - Roshana Vander Wall
- Department of Clinical MedicineFaculty of MedicineHealth and Human SciencesMacquarie Medical SchoolMacquarie UniversityMacquarie Park, North RydeSydneyNSWAustralia
| | - Joel M. Chick
- Department of Cell BiologyHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Joao A. Paulo
- Department of Cell BiologyHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Veer K. Gupta
- School of MedicineDeakin UniversityGeelongVICAustralia
| | - Devaraj Basavarajappa
- Department of Clinical MedicineFaculty of MedicineHealth and Human SciencesMacquarie Medical SchoolMacquarie UniversityMacquarie Park, North RydeSydneyNSWAustralia
| | - Nitin Chitranshi
- Department of Clinical MedicineFaculty of MedicineHealth and Human SciencesMacquarie Medical SchoolMacquarie UniversityMacquarie Park, North RydeSydneyNSWAustralia
| | - Seyed Shahab Oddin Mirshahvaladi
- Department of Clinical MedicineFaculty of MedicineHealth and Human SciencesMacquarie Medical SchoolMacquarie UniversityMacquarie Park, North RydeSydneyNSWAustralia
| | - Yuyi You
- Department of Clinical MedicineFaculty of MedicineHealth and Human SciencesMacquarie Medical SchoolMacquarie UniversityMacquarie Park, North RydeSydneyNSWAustralia
| | | | - Ardeshir Amirkhani
- Australian Proteome Analysis FacilityMacquarie UniversitySydneyNSWAustralia
| | - Paul A. Haynes
- School of Natural SciencesMacquarie UniversityMacquarie ParkNSWAustralia
- Biomolecular Discovery Research CentreMacquarie UniversitySydneyNSWAustralia
| | - Alexander Klistorner
- Department of Clinical MedicineFaculty of MedicineHealth and Human SciencesMacquarie Medical SchoolMacquarie UniversityMacquarie Park, North RydeSydneyNSWAustralia
| | - Vivek Gupta
- Department of Clinical MedicineFaculty of MedicineHealth and Human SciencesMacquarie Medical SchoolMacquarie UniversityMacquarie Park, North RydeSydneyNSWAustralia
| | - Stuart L. Graham
- Department of Clinical MedicineFaculty of MedicineHealth and Human SciencesMacquarie Medical SchoolMacquarie UniversityMacquarie Park, North RydeSydneyNSWAustralia
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Abstract
Multiple system atrophy (MSA) is a rare neurodegenerative disease that is characterized by neuronal loss and gliosis in multiple areas of the central nervous system including striatonigral, olivopontocerebellar and central autonomic structures. Oligodendroglial cytoplasmic inclusions containing misfolded and aggregated α-synuclein are the histopathological hallmark of MSA. A firm clinical diagnosis requires the presence of autonomic dysfunction in combination with parkinsonism that responds poorly to levodopa and/or cerebellar ataxia. Clinical diagnostic accuracy is suboptimal in early disease because of phenotypic overlaps with Parkinson disease or other types of degenerative parkinsonism as well as with other cerebellar disorders. The symptomatic management of MSA requires a complex multimodal approach to compensate for autonomic failure, alleviate parkinsonism and cerebellar ataxia and associated disabilities. None of the available treatments significantly slows the aggressive course of MSA. Despite several failed trials in the past, a robust pipeline of putative disease-modifying agents, along with progress towards early diagnosis and the development of sensitive diagnostic and progression biomarkers for MSA, offer new hope for patients.
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Sidoroff V, Bower P, Stefanova N, Fanciulli A, Stankovic I, Poewe W, Seppi K, Wenning GK, Krismer F. Disease-Modifying Therapies for Multiple System Atrophy: Where Are We in 2022? JOURNAL OF PARKINSON'S DISEASE 2022; 12:1369-1387. [PMID: 35491799 PMCID: PMC9398078 DOI: 10.3233/jpd-223183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Multiple system atrophy is a rapidly progressive and fatal neurodegenerative disorder. While numerous preclinical studies suggested efficacy of potentially disease modifying agents, none of those were proven to be effective in large-scale clinical trials. Three major strategies are currently pursued in preclinical and clinical studies attempting to slow down disease progression. These target α-synuclein, neuroinflammation, and restoration of neurotrophic support. This review provides a comprehensive overview on ongoing preclinical and clinical developments of disease modifying therapies. Furthermore, we will focus on potential shortcomings of previous studies that can be avoided to improve data quality in future studies of this rare disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Sidoroff
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Pam Bower
- The Multiple System Atrophy Coalition, Inc., McLean, VA, USA
| | - Nadia Stefanova
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | | | - Iva Stankovic
- Neurology Clinic, University Clinical Center of Serbia, School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Werner Poewe
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Klaus Seppi
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Gregor K Wenning
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Florian Krismer
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
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Villanueva J, Gimenez-Molina Y, Davletov B, Gutiérrez LM. Vesicle Fusion as a Target Process for the Action of Sphingosine and Its Derived Drugs. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031086. [PMID: 35163009 PMCID: PMC8834808 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The fusion of membranes is a central part of the physiological processes involving the intracellular transport and maturation of vesicles and the final release of their contents, such as neurotransmitters and hormones, by exocytosis. Traditionally, in this process, proteins, such SNAREs have been considered the essential components of the fusion molecular machinery, while lipids have been seen as merely structural elements. Nevertheless, sphingosine, an intracellular signalling lipid, greatly increases the release of neurotransmitters in neuronal and neuroendocrine cells, affecting the exocytotic fusion mode through the direct interaction with SNAREs. Moreover, recent studies suggest that FTY-720 (Fingolimod), a sphingosine structural analogue used in the treatment of multiple sclerosis, simulates sphingosine in the promotion of exocytosis. Furthermore, this drug also induces the intracellular fusion of organelles such as dense vesicles and mitochondria causing cell death in neuroendocrine cells. Therefore, the effect of sphingosine and synthetic derivatives on the heterologous and homologous fusion of organelles can be considered as a new mechanism of action of sphingolipids influencing important physiological processes, which could underlie therapeutic uses of sphingosine derived lipids in the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders and cancers of neuronal origin such neuroblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Villanueva
- Instituto de Neurociencias, CSIC-Universidad Miguel Hernández, Cra de Valencia S/N, Sant Joan d’Alacant, 03550 Alicante, Spain;
- Correspondence: (J.V.); (L.M.G.)
| | - Yolanda Gimenez-Molina
- Instituto de Neurociencias, CSIC-Universidad Miguel Hernández, Cra de Valencia S/N, Sant Joan d’Alacant, 03550 Alicante, Spain;
| | - Bazbek Davletov
- Department of Biomedical Science, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK;
| | - Luis M. Gutiérrez
- Instituto de Neurociencias, CSIC-Universidad Miguel Hernández, Cra de Valencia S/N, Sant Joan d’Alacant, 03550 Alicante, Spain;
- Correspondence: (J.V.); (L.M.G.)
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10
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Candadai AA, Liu F, Verma A, Adil MS, Alfarhan M, Fagan SC, Somanath PR, Narayanan SP. Neuroprotective Effects of Fingolimod in a Cellular Model of Optic Neuritis. Cells 2021; 10:cells10112938. [PMID: 34831161 PMCID: PMC8616192 DOI: 10.3390/cells10112938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Visual dysfunction resulting from optic neuritis (ON) is one of the most common clinical manifestations of multiple sclerosis (MS), characterized by loss of retinal ganglion cells, thinning of the nerve fiber layer, and inflammation to the optic nerve. Current treatments available for ON or MS are only partially effective, specifically target the inflammatory phase, and have limited effects on long-term disability. Fingolimod (FTY) is an FDA-approved immunomodulatory agent for MS therapy. The objective of the current study was to evaluate the neuroprotective properties of FTY in the cellular model of ON-associated neuronal damage. R28 retinal neuronal cell damage was induced through treatment with tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα). In our cell viability analysis, FTY treatment showed significantly reduced TNFα-induced neuronal death. Treatment with FTY attenuated the TNFα-induced changes in cell survival and cell stress signaling molecules. Furthermore, immunofluorescence studies performed using various markers indicated that FTY treatment protects the R28 cells against the TNFα-induced neurodegenerative changes by suppressing reactive oxygen species generation and promoting the expression of neuronal markers. In conclusion, our study suggests neuroprotective effects of FTY in an in vitro model of optic neuritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amritha A. Candadai
- Clinical and Experimental Therapeutics Program, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; (A.A.C.); (F.L.); (A.V.); (M.S.A.); (M.A.); (S.C.F.); (P.R.S.)
- Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
- Culver Vision Discovery Institute, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Fang Liu
- Clinical and Experimental Therapeutics Program, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; (A.A.C.); (F.L.); (A.V.); (M.S.A.); (M.A.); (S.C.F.); (P.R.S.)
- Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
- Culver Vision Discovery Institute, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Arti Verma
- Clinical and Experimental Therapeutics Program, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; (A.A.C.); (F.L.); (A.V.); (M.S.A.); (M.A.); (S.C.F.); (P.R.S.)
- Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Mir S. Adil
- Clinical and Experimental Therapeutics Program, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; (A.A.C.); (F.L.); (A.V.); (M.S.A.); (M.A.); (S.C.F.); (P.R.S.)
- Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Moaddey Alfarhan
- Clinical and Experimental Therapeutics Program, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; (A.A.C.); (F.L.); (A.V.); (M.S.A.); (M.A.); (S.C.F.); (P.R.S.)
- Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
- Culver Vision Discovery Institute, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Susan C. Fagan
- Clinical and Experimental Therapeutics Program, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; (A.A.C.); (F.L.); (A.V.); (M.S.A.); (M.A.); (S.C.F.); (P.R.S.)
- Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Payaningal R. Somanath
- Clinical and Experimental Therapeutics Program, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; (A.A.C.); (F.L.); (A.V.); (M.S.A.); (M.A.); (S.C.F.); (P.R.S.)
- Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - S. Priya Narayanan
- Clinical and Experimental Therapeutics Program, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; (A.A.C.); (F.L.); (A.V.); (M.S.A.); (M.A.); (S.C.F.); (P.R.S.)
- Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
- Culver Vision Discovery Institute, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
- Correspondence:
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11
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Przewodowska D, Marzec W, Madetko N. Novel Therapies for Parkinsonian Syndromes-Recent Progress and Future Perspectives. Front Mol Neurosci 2021; 14:720220. [PMID: 34512258 PMCID: PMC8427499 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2021.720220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Atypical parkinsonian syndromes are rare, fatal neurodegenerative diseases associated with abnormal protein accumulation in the brain. Examples of these syndromes include progressive supranuclear palsy, multiple system atrophy, and corticobasal degeneration. A common clinical feature in parkinsonism is a limited improvement with levodopa. So far, there are no disease-modifying treatments to address these conditions, and therapy is only limited to the alleviation of symptoms. Diagnosis is devastating for patients, as prognosis is extremely poor, and the disease tends to progress rapidly. Currently, potential causes and neuropathological mechanisms involved in these diseases are being widely investigated. Objectives: The goal of this review is to summarize recent advances and gather emerging disease-modifying therapies that could slow the progression of atypical parkinsonian syndromes. Methods: PubMed and Google Scholar databases were searched regarding novel perspectives for atypical parkinsonism treatment. The following medical subject headings were used: "atypical parkinsonian syndromes-therapy," "treatment of atypical parkinsonian syndromes," "atypical parkinsonian syndromes-clinical trial," "therapy of tauopathy," "alpha-synucleinopathy treatment," "PSP therapy/treatment," "CBD therapy/treatment," "MSA therapy/treatment," and "atypical parkinsonian syndromes-disease modifying." All search results were manually reviewed prior to inclusion in this review. Results: Neuroinflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction, microglia activation, proteasomal impairment, and oxidative stress play a role in the neurodegenerative process. Ongoing studies and clinical trials target these components in order to suppress toxic protein accumulation. Various approaches such as stem cell therapy, anti-aggregation/anti-phosphorylation agent administration, or usage of active and passive immunization appear to have promising results. Conclusion: Presently, disease-modifying strategies for atypical parkinsonian syndromes are being actively explored, with encouraging preliminary results. This leads to an assumption that developing accurate, safe, and progression-halting treatment is not far off. Nevertheless, the further investigation remains necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominika Przewodowska
- Students' Scientific Association of the Department of Neurology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Weronika Marzec
- Students' Scientific Association of the Department of Neurology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Natalia Madetko
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
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12
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Vallelunga A, Iannitti T, Capece S, Somma G, Russillo MC, Foubert-Samier A, Laurens B, Sibon I, Meissner WG, Barone P, Pellecchia MT. Serum miR-96-5P and miR-339-5P Are Potential Biomarkers for Multiple System Atrophy and Parkinson's Disease. Front Aging Neurosci 2021; 13:632891. [PMID: 34381349 PMCID: PMC8350521 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.632891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) and Multiple System Atrophy (MSA) are progressive neurodegenerative diseases with overlap of symptoms in early stages of disease. No reliable biomarker exists and the diagnosis is mainly based on clinical features. Several studies suggest that miRNAs are involved in PD and MSA pathogenesis. Our goal was to study two serum circulating microRNAs (miR-96-5p and miR-339-5p) as novel biomarkers for the differential diagnosis between PD and MSA. Serum samples were obtained from 51 PD patients, 52 MSA patients and 56 healthy controls (HC). We measured levels of miRNAs using quantitative PCR and compared the levels of miR-96-5p and miR-339-5p among PD, MSA and HC groups using a one-way analysis of variance. Correlations between miRNA expression and clinical data were calculated using Pearson's rho test. We used the miRTarBase to detect miRNA targets and STRING to evaluate co-expression relationship among target genes. MiR-96-5p was significantly increased in MSA patients compared with HC (Fold change (fc): 3.6; p = 0.0001) while it was decreased in PD patients compared with HC (Fold change: 4; p = 0.0002). Higher miR-96-5P levels were directly related to longer disease duration in MSA patients. We observed a significant increase of miR-339-5p in MSA patients compared with PD patients (fc: 2.5; p = 0.00013). miR-339-5p was increased in MSA patients compared with HC (fc: 2.4; p = 0.002). We identified 32 target genes of miR-96-5p and miR-339-5p, some of which are involved in neurodegenerative diseases. The study of those miRNAs could be useful to identify non-invasive biomarkers for early differential diagnosis between PD and MSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annamaria Vallelunga
- Neuroscience Section, Department of Medicine and Surgery, Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy
| | | | - Sabrina Capece
- Neuroscience Section, Department of Medicine and Surgery, Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy
| | - Gerardina Somma
- Neuroscience Section, Department of Medicine and Surgery, Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy
| | - Maria Claudia Russillo
- Neuroscience Section, Department of Medicine and Surgery, Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy
| | | | - Brice Laurens
- Centre Hospitalier Universitarie, Service de Neurologie, CHU Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Igor Sibon
- Centre Hospitalier Universitarie, Service de Neurologie, CHU Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Wassilios G Meissner
- Centre Hospitalier Universitarie, Service de Neurologie, CHU Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.,Universitè de Bordeaux, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, Bordeaux, France.,CNRS, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, Bordeaux, France.,Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Paolo Barone
- Neuroscience Section, Department of Medicine and Surgery, Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy
| | - Maria Teresa Pellecchia
- Neuroscience Section, Department of Medicine and Surgery, Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy
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13
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Motyl JA, Strosznajder JB, Wencel A, Strosznajder RP. Recent Insights into the Interplay of Alpha-Synuclein and Sphingolipid Signaling in Parkinson's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22126277. [PMID: 34207975 PMCID: PMC8230587 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22126277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Molecular studies have provided increasing evidence that Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a protein conformational disease, where the spread of alpha-synuclein (ASN) pathology along the neuraxis correlates with clinical disease outcome. Pathogenic forms of ASN evoke oxidative stress (OS), neuroinflammation, and protein alterations in neighboring cells, thereby intensifying ASN toxicity, neurodegeneration, and neuronal death. A number of evidence suggest that homeostasis between bioactive sphingolipids with opposing function—e.g., sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) and ceramide—is essential in pro-survival signaling and cell defense against OS. In contrast, imbalance of the “sphingolipid biostat” favoring pro-oxidative/pro-apoptotic ceramide-mediated changes have been indicated in PD and other neurodegenerative disorders. Therefore, we focused on the role of sphingolipid alterations in ASN burden, as well as in a vast range of its neurotoxic effects. Sphingolipid homeostasis is principally directed by sphingosine kinases (SphKs), which synthesize S1P—a potent lipid mediator regulating cell fate and inflammatory response—making SphK/S1P signaling an essential pharmacological target. A growing number of studies have shown that S1P receptor modulators, and agonists are promising protectants in several neurological diseases. This review demonstrates the relationship between ASN toxicity and alteration of SphK-dependent S1P signaling in OS, neuroinflammation, and neuronal death. Moreover, we discuss the S1P receptor-mediated pathways as a novel promising therapeutic approach in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna A. Motyl
- Department of Hybrid Microbiosystems Engineering, Nalecz Institute of Biocybernetics and Biomedical Engineering, Polish Academy of Sciences, Ks. Trojdena 4 St., 02-109 Warsaw, Poland; (J.A.M.); (A.W.)
| | - Joanna B. Strosznajder
- Department of Cellular Signalling, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, 5 Pawinskiego St., 02-106 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Agnieszka Wencel
- Department of Hybrid Microbiosystems Engineering, Nalecz Institute of Biocybernetics and Biomedical Engineering, Polish Academy of Sciences, Ks. Trojdena 4 St., 02-109 Warsaw, Poland; (J.A.M.); (A.W.)
| | - Robert P. Strosznajder
- Laboratory of Preclinical Research and Environmental Agents, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, 5 Pawinskiego St., 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
- Correspondence:
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14
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Abstract
Multiple system atrophy (MSA) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease variably associated with motor, nonmotor, and autonomic symptoms, resulting from putaminal and cerebellar degeneration and associated with glial cytoplasmic inclusions enriched with α-synuclein in oligodendrocytes and neurons. Although symptomatic treatment of MSA can provide significant improvements in quality of life, the benefit is often partial, limited by adverse effects, and fails to treat the underlying cause. Consistent with the multisystem nature of the disease and evidence that motor symptoms, autonomic failure, and depression drive patient assessments of quality of life, treatment is best achieved through a coordinated multidisciplinary approach driven by the patient's priorities and goals of care. Research into disease-modifying therapies is ongoing with a particular focus on synuclein-targeted therapies among others. This review focuses on both current management and emerging therapies for this devastating disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew R. Burns
- Norman Fixel Institute for Neurological Diseases at UFHealth, Movement Disorders Division, Department of Neurology, University of Florida, 3009 SW Williston Rd, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA
| | - Nikolaus R. McFarland
- Norman Fixel Institute for Neurological Diseases at UFHealth, Movement Disorders Division, Department of Neurology, University of Florida, 3009 SW Williston Rd, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA
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15
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Molecular Effects of FDA-Approved Multiple Sclerosis Drugs on Glial Cells and Neurons of the Central Nervous System. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21124229. [PMID: 32545828 PMCID: PMC7352301 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21124229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is characterized by peripheral and central inflammatory features, as well as demyelination and neurodegeneration. The available Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved drugs for MS have been designed to suppress the peripheral immune system. In addition, however, the effects of these drugs may be partially attributed to their influence on glial cells and neurons of the central nervous system (CNS). We here describe the molecular effects of the traditional and more recent FDA-approved MS drugs Fingolimod, Dimethyl Fumarate, Glatiramer Acetate, Interferon-β, Teriflunomide, Laquinimod, Natalizumab, Alemtuzumab and Ocrelizumab on microglia, astrocytes, neurons and oligodendrocytes. Furthermore, we point to a possible common molecular effect of these drugs, namely a key role for NFκB signaling, causing a switch from pro-inflammatory microglia and astrocytes to anti-inflammatory phenotypes of these CNS cell types that recently emerged as central players in MS pathogenesis. This notion argues for the need to further explore the molecular mechanisms underlying MS drug action.
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Mészáros L, Hoffmann A, Wihan J, Winkler J. Current Symptomatic and Disease-Modifying Treatments in Multiple System Atrophy. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E2775. [PMID: 32316335 PMCID: PMC7215736 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21082775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple system atrophy (MSA) is a rare, severe, and rapidly progressive neurodegenerative disorder categorized as an atypical parkinsonian syndrome. With a mean life expectancy of 6-9 years after diagnosis, MSA is clinically characterized by parkinsonism, cerebellar ataxia, autonomic failure, and poor l-Dopa responsiveness. Aside from limited symptomatic treatment, there is currently no disease-modifying therapy available. Consequently, distinct pharmacological targets have been explored and investigated in clinical studies based on MSA-related symptoms and pathomechanisms. Parkinsonism, cerebellar ataxia, and autonomic failure are the most important symptoms targeted by symptomatic treatments in current clinical trials. The most prominent pathological hallmark is oligodendroglial cytoplasmic inclusions containing alpha-synuclein, thus classifying MSA as synucleinopathy. Additionally, myelin and neuronal loss accompanied by micro- and astrogliosis are further distinctive features of MSA-related neuropathology present in numerous brain regions. Besides summarizing current symptomatic treatment strategies in MSA, this review critically reflects upon potential cellular targets and disease-modifying approaches for MSA such as (I) targeting α-syn pathology, (II) intervening neuroinflammation, and (III) neuronal loss. Although these single compound trials are aiming to interfere with distinct pathogenetic steps in MSA, a combined approach may be necessary to slow down the rapid progression of the oligodendroglial associated synucleinopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jürgen Winkler
- Department of Molecular Neurology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (L.M.); (A.H.); (J.W.)
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