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Kang N, Shen W, Gao H, Feng Y, Zhu W, Yang S, Liu Y, Xu Q, Yu D. Antischistosomal Properties of Hederacolchiside A1 Isolated from Pulsatilla chinensis. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23061431. [PMID: 29899232 PMCID: PMC6099544 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23061431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Revised: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 06/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Schistosomiasis is a major neglected disease for which the current control strategy involves mass treatment with praziquantel, the only available drug. Hence, there is an urgent need to develop new antischistosomal compounds. Methods: The antischistosomal activity of hederacolchiside A1 (HSA) were determined by total or female worm burden reductions in mice harboring Schistosoma japonicum or S. mansoni. Pathology parameters were detected on HSA against 1-day-old S. japonicum-harboring mice. Moreover, we confirmed the antischistosomal effect of HSA on newly transformed schistosomula (NTS) of S. japonicum in vitro. Results: HSA, a natural product isolated from Pulsatilla chinensis (Bunge) Regel, was initially corroborated to possess promising antischistosomal properties. We demonstrated that HSA had high activity against S. japonicum and S. mansoni less in 11 days old parasites harbored in mice. The antischistosomal effect was even more than the currently used drugs, praziquantel, and artesunate. Furthermore, HSA could ameliorate the pathology parameters in mice harboring 1-day-old juvenile S. japonicum. We also confirmed that HSA-mediated antischistosomal activity is partly due to the morphological changes in the tegument system when NTS are exposed to HSA. Conclusions: HSA may have great potential to be an antischistosomal agent for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naixin Kang
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmaceutical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.
| | - Wenhua Shen
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330006, China.
| | - Hongwei Gao
- College of Pharmacy, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530001, China.
| | - Yulin Feng
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330006, China.
| | - Weifeng Zhu
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330006, China.
| | - Shilin Yang
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmaceutical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330006, China.
| | - Yanli Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.
| | - Qiongming Xu
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmaceutical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.
| | - Di Yu
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala 75105, Sweden.
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Mariz Gomes da Silva LM, de Oliveira JF, Silva WL, da Silva AL, de Almeida Junior ASA, Barbosa dos Santos VH, Alves LC, Brayner dos Santos FA, Costa VMA, Aires ADL, de Lima MDCA, Albuquerque MCPDA. New 1,3-benzodioxole derivatives: Synthesis, evaluation of in vitro schistosomicidal activity and ultrastructural analysis. Chem Biol Interact 2018; 283:20-29. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2018.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Revised: 12/24/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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da Silva VBR, Campos BRKL, de Oliveira JF, Decout JL, do Carmo Alves de Lima M. Medicinal chemistry of antischistosomal drugs: Praziquantel and oxamniquine. Bioorg Med Chem 2017; 25:3259-3277. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2017.04.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2017] [Revised: 04/21/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Souza JG, Lopes Torres EJ, Garcia JS, Gomes APN, Rodrigues-Silva R, Maldonado A, Machado-Silva JR. Light and scanning electron microscopy study of in vitro effects of artesunate in newly excysted metacercariae of Echinostoma paraensei (Trematoda: Digenea). Exp Parasitol 2017; 174:10-16. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2017.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2016] [Revised: 12/06/2016] [Accepted: 01/22/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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5
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Gállego L, Gracenea M. Effect of Praziquantel on the Tegument and Digestive Epithelium Ultrastructure of Brachylaima sp. Metacercariae Parasitizing the Edible Land Snail Cornu aspersum. J Parasitol 2016; 102:520-532. [PMID: 27454013 DOI: 10.1645/16-65] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The edible land snail Cornu aspersum (Pulmonata: Stylommatophora) acts as second intermediate host in the cycle of Brachylaima sp. trematode, harboring free metacercariae in its kidney. The ingestion of undercooked infected snails by humans allows metacercariae to develop to adult stage in the intestine, causing brachylaimiasis. Praziquantel (PZQ) is the drug of choice to treat trematodiasis and it is effective against Brachylaima sp. metacercariae. The objective of this work was to assess, by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), the ultrastructural changes produced on the tegument and gastrodermis of the Brachylaima metacercariae recovered from C. aspersum treated with PZQ in comparison with untreated ones. Snails naturally infected by Brachylaima sp. metacercariae were treated by PZQ both individually and in groups. Metacercariae recovered from treated and control snails were processed for TEM. The tegument of untreated metacercariae was covered by a regular and thick glycocalyx. The syncytial epithelium contained abundant T2 secretory bodies appearing as membrane-bound biconcave disk-vesicles with high electron-dense and uniform content. The T2 secretory bodies located along the external area of the syncytium were mainly arranged at right angles to the apical plasma membrane. In treated metacercariae, the content of the T2 secretory bodies appeared altered, degenerating from high to low electron density, losing its uniform appearance and forming high electron-dense accumulations scattered around the periphery of the vesicle and separated by low electron-dense spaces. The presence of clusters was detectable in the central area. The characteristic arrangement of the T2 secretory bodies observed in untreated metacercariae was lost in treated ones. Vesicles near the apical area of the tegument no longer maintained their arrangement perpendicular to the apical plasma membrane. The characteristic arrangement of T2 secretory bodies and mitochondria was lost. The T2 secretory bodies were also found altered in the tegumental cell bodies, suggesting that the alterations started at the production stage. Mitochondria were severely degenerated and located in the apical area of the tegument. The digestive system displayed a strong contraction, which included the disappearance of the intracecal lumen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laia Gállego
- Laboratory of Parasitology, Department of Health Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII s/n, 08028 Barcelona, Spain. Correspondence should be sent to:
| | - Mercedes Gracenea
- Laboratory of Parasitology, Department of Health Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII s/n, 08028 Barcelona, Spain. Correspondence should be sent to:
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Kundu S, Roy S, Nandi S, Ukil B, Lyndem LM. Senna alexandrina Mill. induced ultrastructural changes on Hymenolepis diminuta. J Parasit Dis 2016; 41:147-154. [PMID: 28316404 DOI: 10.1007/s12639-016-0768-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2015] [Accepted: 03/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Senna alexandrina Mill. has been used for antimicrobial activity. In the present study, the crude ethanolic extract of the plant and a synthetic compound Sennoside were tested in vitro on Hymenolepis diminuta to evaluate its potential anthelmintic efficacy through ultrastructural changes. Worms were maintained between rat model and beetle and the test parasites were exposed to different concentrations of crude ethanolic leaf extracts of S. alexandrina. Praziquantel was used as a reference drug. Dose dependent efficacy was observed in terms of motility and time of mortality in all treated parasites. Ultrastructural micrography revealed irrevocable destruction all over the body tegument accompanied with sloughing of microtriches and swellings of the basal lamina. Vacuolization of the syncytium along with sparsely cytoplasmic cytons and depletion of parenchymatous layer were observed accompanied by deformities in the cell organelles. Extensive deformities in the tegument indicates that the plant extract alter membrane permeability of the parasite leading to paralysis and subsequent death. Thus, S. alexandrina can be regarded as a potential anthelmintic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Kundu
- Parasitology Research Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Visva-Bharati University, Santiniketan, West Bengal 731235 India
| | - S Roy
- Parasitology Research Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Visva-Bharati University, Santiniketan, West Bengal 731235 India
| | - S Nandi
- Parasitology Research Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Visva-Bharati University, Santiniketan, West Bengal 731235 India
| | - B Ukil
- Parasitology Research Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Visva-Bharati University, Santiniketan, West Bengal 731235 India
| | - Larisha Mawkhlieng Lyndem
- Parasitology Research Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Visva-Bharati University, Santiniketan, West Bengal 731235 India
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Abstract
In recent years, natural product groups have been gaining prominence as possible sources of new drugs for schistosomiasis. This review attempts to update the antischistosomal natural compounds, or natural product-derived compounds, from the mid-1980s. Some of the main metabolites obtained from plants (e.g., terpenes, alkaloids, phenolic compounds and peptides) with in vitro and/or in vivo antischistosomal properties are discussed. Less thoroughly, due to scarcity of data in the literature, molecules from animals (e.g., peptides) are also described. Special mention of the anthelmintic activity against different parasitic stages of schistosomes is made; the mechanism of action of most of the metabolites is discussed, and a number of bioassay procedures are listed.
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Phytol, a diterpene alcohol from chlorophyll, as a drug against neglected tropical disease Schistosomiasis mansoni. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2014; 8:e2617. [PMID: 24392173 PMCID: PMC3879229 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0002617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2013] [Accepted: 11/20/2013] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Schistosomiasis is a major endemic disease that affects hundreds of millions worldwide. Since the treatment and control of this parasitic disease rely on a single drug, praziquantel, it is imperative that new effective drugs are developed. Here, we report that phytol, a diterpene alcohol from chlorophyll widely used as a food additive and in medicinal fields, possesses promising antischistosomal properties in vitro and in a mouse model of schistosomiasis mansoni. METHODS AND FINDINGS In vitro, phytol reduced the motor activity of worms, caused their death and confocal laser scanning microscopy analysis showed extensive tegumental alterations in a concentration-dependent manner (50 to 100 µg/mL). Additionally, phytol at sublethal doses (25 µg/mL) reduced the number of Schistosoma mansoni eggs. In vivo, a single dose of phytol (40 mg/kg) administered orally to mice infected with adult S. mansoni resulted in total and female worm burden reductions of 51.2% and 70.3%, respectively. Moreover, phytol reduced the number of eggs in faeces (76.6%) and the frequency of immature eggs (oogram pattern) was significantly reduced. The oogram also showed increases in the proportion of dead eggs. Confocal microcopy studies revealed tegumental damage in adult S. mansoni recovered from mice, especially in female worms. CONCLUSIONS The significant reduction in parasite burden by this chlorophyll molecule validates phytol as a promising drug and offers the potential of a new direction for chemotherapy of human schistosomiasis. Phytol is a common food additive and nonmutagenic, with satisfactory safety. Thus, phytol has potential as a safe and cost-effective addition to antischistosomal therapy.
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Thétiot-Laurent SAL, Boissier J, Robert A, Meunier B. Chemotherapie gegen Schistosomiasis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201208390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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10
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Thétiot-Laurent SAL, Boissier J, Robert A, Meunier B. Schistosomiasis chemotherapy. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013; 52:7936-56. [PMID: 23813602 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201208390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2012] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
After malaria, schistosomiasis (or bilharzia) is the second most prevalent disease in Africa, and is occurring in over 70 countries in tropical and subtropical regions. It is estimated that 600 million people are at risk of infection, 200 million people are infected, and at least 200,000 deaths per year are associated with the disease. All schistosome species are transmitted through contact with fresh water that is infested with free-swimming forms of the parasite, which is known as cercariae and produced by snails. When located in the blood vessels of the host, larval and adult schistosomes digest red cells to acquire amino acids for growth and development. Vaccine candidates have been unsuccessful up to now. Against such devastating parasitic disease, the antischistosomal arsenal is currently limited to a single drug, praziquantel, which has been used for more than 35 years. Because the question of the reduction of the activity of praziquantel was raised recently, it is thus urgent to create new and safe antischistosomal drugs that should be combined with praziquantel to develop efficient bitherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie A-L Thétiot-Laurent
- Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination du CNRS, 205 route de Narbonne, BP 44099, 31077 Toulouse cedex 4, France
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Natural products as a source for treating neglected parasitic diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2013; 14:3395-439. [PMID: 23389040 PMCID: PMC3588050 DOI: 10.3390/ijms14023395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2012] [Revised: 01/12/2013] [Accepted: 01/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Infectious diseases caused by parasites are a major threat for the entire mankind, especially in the tropics. More than 1 billion people world-wide are directly exposed to tropical parasites such as the causative agents of trypanosomiasis, leishmaniasis, schistosomiasis, lymphatic filariasis and onchocerciasis, which represent a major health problem, particularly in impecunious areas. Unlike most antibiotics, there is no "general" antiparasitic drug available. Here, the selection of antiparasitic drugs varies between different organisms. Some of the currently available drugs are chemically de novo synthesized, however, the majority of drugs are derived from natural sources such as plants which have subsequently been chemically modified to warrant higher potency against these human pathogens. In this review article we will provide an overview of the current status of plant derived pharmaceuticals and their chemical modifications to target parasite-specific peculiarities in order to interfere with their proliferation in the human host.
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12
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Xie Y, Li Y, Wu Y, Liu C, Li X, Li X, Fan X. Synthesis of fluorescent derivatives of praziquantel: cell-imaging and interaction with Schistosoma japonicum cercariae. Org Biomol Chem 2013; 11:5989-93. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ob41348a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Pereira ASA, Cavalcanti NL, Nascimento GAF, Nascimento-Silva JLG, Padilha RJR, Viegas LFW, Alves LC, Lima-Filho JL, Chaves MEC. Morphological and morphometric study of cercariae and adult worms of Schistosoma mansoni (SLM strain) isolated from infected mice. Parasitol Res 2012; 112:1087-96. [PMID: 23263251 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-012-3235-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2012] [Accepted: 11/30/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In northeastern Brazil, the schistosomiasis is historically endemic and considered as a public health problem. The Schistosoma mansoni São Lourenço da Mata (SLM-PE, Brazil) strain was used in several paper already published; however, morphological and morphometric studies about this strain was never done. In this work, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used in morphological and morphometric analysis of cercariae and adult worms. Cercariae were obtained from Biomphalaria glabrata snails and adult worms from mice, both infected by the S. mansoni SLM strain, fixed and prepared for SEM. The results showed that cercariae of S. mansoni measures 254.9 μm of length. The bodies are covered by spines, with a ventral sucker, an oral sucker with sensory receivers, and a pair of penetration glands in the head. The area of tail and body and the distance between suckers were 3,011.77, 1,530.32, and 42.9 μm, respectively. Adult worms of S. mansoni were divided into three main regions: the anterior, medial, and posterior, besides the gynecophoral canal in males. The measure of adult worms of S. mansoni was 4 mm males and 5 mm females. The anterior region length of the male was 470 μm and of the female 271 μm. All the parameters were assayed in ten samples. The morphometric values found in the SLM strain were smaller than other S. mansoni strains described in the literature as well as other helminths. This is the first morphological and morphometric study with the SLM strain of S. mansoni being extremely important for improving control strategies and life quality of the local population.
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Affiliation(s)
- A S A Pereira
- Laboratório de Imunopatologia Keizo Asami (LIKA), Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Avenida Professor Moraes Rego, s/n, CEP 50670-901, Recife, PE, Brazil
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Moraes JD, Carvalho AAL, Nakano E, de Almeida AAC, Marques THDC, Andrade LN, de Freitas RM, de Sousa DP. Anthelmintic activity of carvacryl acetate against Schistosoma mansoni. Parasitol Res 2012; 112:603-10. [DOI: 10.1007/s00436-012-3172-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2012] [Accepted: 10/08/2012] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Tansatit T, Sahaphong S, Riengrojpitak S, Viyanant V, Sobhon P. Fasciola gigantica: the in vitro effects of artesunate as compared to triclabendazole on the 3-weeks-old juvenile. Exp Parasitol 2012; 131:8-19. [PMID: 22425749 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2012.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2011] [Revised: 02/11/2012] [Accepted: 02/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The in vitro effect of artesunate (ATS) on the 3-week-old juveniles of Fasciola gigantica was compared with triclabendazole (TCZ) by incubating the parasites in M-199 medium containing the drugs at concentrations of 20, 40, and 80 μg/ml for 1, 3, 6, 12, and 24h. The anthelmintic activities of these drugs were evaluated based on the relative motility value (RM) and the alterations of the tegument as observed by scanning (SEM) and transmission (TEM) electron microscopy. The RM values of TCZ-treated flukes decreased significantly from 6 to 24h for all dosages. For ATS-treated flukes, RM value decreased markedly from 12 to 24h, but the rates of decline were less than TCZ at the same doses. When observed by SEM, the tegument showed similar sequence of morphological changes after treatments with both drugs, comprising of swelling of tegumental ridges, followed by blebbing and later rupturing of the blebs, leading to erosion and lesion, and disruption of the tegument. When examined by TEM, ultrastructural changes in the tegument and associated structures after treatments with TCZ and ATS were similar which comprised of swelling, blebbing of the tegument, dilation of basal infoldings, and depolymerization of the microtrabecular network. After a longer incubation time, the tegument was completely sloughed off and the tegument cell bodies became necrotic. Additionally, in ATS-treated flukes, mitochondria showed severe swelling, rupturing of outer membrane, and their interior filled with flocculent materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tawewan Tansatit
- Department of Preclinic and Applied Animal Science, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, Nakhonpathom 73170, Thailand
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Portela J, Boissier J, Gourbal B, Pradines V, Collière V, Coslédan F, Meunier B, Robert A. Antischistosomal activity of trioxaquines: in vivo efficacy and mechanism of action on Schistosoma mansoni. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2012; 6:e1474. [PMID: 22348155 PMCID: PMC3279339 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0001474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2011] [Accepted: 11/25/2011] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Schistosomiasis is among the most neglected tropical diseases, since its mode of spreading tends to limit the contamination to people who are in contact with contaminated waters in endemic countries. Here we report the in vitro and in vivo anti-schistosomal activities of trioxaquines. These hybrid molecules are highly active on the larval forms of the worms and exhibit different modes of action, not only the alkylation of heme. The synergy observed with praziquantel on infected mice is in favor of the development of these trioxaquines as potential anti-schistosomal agents. Schistosomiasis is a tropical disease affecting more than 200 million people throughout the sub-tropical and tropical world. The treatment and control of schistosomiasis rely on the use of a single drug, the praziquantel and no vaccine is available. However, schistosome species with low sensitivity or resistance to praziquantel have been identified in several countries. It is an urgent need to develop new drugs against this parasite. In this context, our study reports the activity the trioxaquine PA1259. PA1259 is an hybrid drug containing two pharmacophores within a single molecule: a trioxane and an aminoquinoline. Initially developed against malaria, the trioxaquines target the heme a disposal product resulting from the digestion of the hemoglobin. The first action of the trioxaquine is an alkylation of the heme with the trioxane entity, and the second action is stacking with the heme due to the aminoquinoline moiety. In this study we show that this new drug is active in vitro against all schistosome stages (cercariae, schistosomule and adult). The PA1259 is also active in vivo and shows synergistic action in association with praziquantel. This opens the route to an efficient bitherapy of a highly neglected disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Portela
- Université de Perpignan Via Domitia, Perpignan, France
- CNRS, UMR 5244, Écologie et Évolution des Interactions, Perpignan, France
| | - Jérôme Boissier
- Université de Perpignan Via Domitia, Perpignan, France
- CNRS, UMR 5244, Écologie et Évolution des Interactions, Perpignan, France
- * E-mail: (JB); (AR)
| | - Benjamin Gourbal
- Université de Perpignan Via Domitia, Perpignan, France
- CNRS, UMR 5244, Écologie et Évolution des Interactions, Perpignan, France
| | | | | | | | - Bernard Meunier
- Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination du CNRS, Toulouse, France
- Palumed, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Anne Robert
- Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination du CNRS, Toulouse, France
- * E-mail: (JB); (AR)
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Reda ES, Ouhtit A, Abdeen SH, El-Shabasy EA. Structural changes of Schistosoma mansoni adult worms recovered from C57BL/6 mice treated with radiation-attenuated vaccine and/or praziquantel against infection. Parasitol Res 2011; 110:979-92. [PMID: 21826487 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-011-2583-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2011] [Accepted: 07/27/2011] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Although the current treatment of schistosomiasis relies largely on praziquantel (PZQ), it has not significantly reduced the overall number of disease cases, perhaps due to inevitable resistance to PZQ. Previous studies showed that radiation-attenuated vaccine gives protection levels for Schistosoma mansoni in host various species. In the present study, we evaluated the effect of various vaccination strategies in C57BL/6 mice, including single or multiple vaccination strategy, subcurative dose (20 mg/kg) of PZQ, and a combination of single vaccination with subcurative dose of PZQ. Groups of five mice were sacrificed postinfection in 42 days and schistosomes were collected by perfusion and examined by scanning electron microscopy. Treatment either with subcurative dose of PZQ or with a single vaccination of attenuated cercariae (500 per mouse), caused significant reduction in total worm burden, hepatic and intestinal ova counts 43.03%, 73.2%, 59.5% and 37.97%, 52.02%, 26.3%, respectively. Furthermore, tegumental changes were observed, including severe swelling, fusion of tegumental folds, vesicle formation, and loss or shortening of the spines on the tubercles. However, multiple vaccination strategy resulted in much higher reduction in total worm burden, hepatic and intestinal ova count. However, multiple vaccination strategy resulted in high reduction of worm burden, hepatic and intestinal ova counts 72.5%, 90.7%, 65.79%, respectively, and further causing swollen, disruption of tubercles teguments and erosion, extensive peeling, fusion of tegumental folds. Our findings suggest that multiple vaccination strategy is the most effective strategy to clear schistosomal infection, indicating its potential in guiding the design of appropriate therapeutic strategy against schistosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enayat S Reda
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt.
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18
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Neves JKAL, de Lima MDCA, Pereira VRA, de Melo CML, Peixoto CA, Pitta IDR, Albuquerque MCPA, Galdino SL. Antischistosomal action of thioxo-imidazolidine compounds: An ultrastructural and cytotoxicity study. Exp Parasitol 2011; 128:82-90. [PMID: 21315071 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2011.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2010] [Revised: 01/19/2011] [Accepted: 01/25/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Kelle A L Neves
- Laboratório de Planejamento e Síntese de Fármacos (LPSF), Departamento de Antibióticos, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), Av. Prof. Moraes Rego s/n, Cidade Universitária, Recife, PE, Brazil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Dömling
- Departments of Pharmacy, Chemistry and Computational Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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Dasgupta S, Roy B, Tandon V. Ultrastructural alterations of the tegument of Raillietina echinobothrida treated with the stem bark of Acacia oxyphylla (Leguminosae). JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2010; 127:568-571. [PMID: 19854257 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2009.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2008] [Revised: 09/14/2009] [Accepted: 10/14/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The stem bark of Acacia oxyphylla Graham ex Bentham is used as an anthelmintic by the natives of Mizoram (North-East India). AIM OF THE STUDY The present study was performed to evaluate whether or not the plant-derived components caused any ultrastructural changes in the tegumental interface of the parasite. MATERIALS AND METHODS The test parasite Raillietina echinobothrida, the cestode of domestic fowl, was exposed to the ethanolic crude extract and acetone fraction of stem bark of Acacia oxyphylla for varying concentrations and time duration and processed for transmission electron microscopy as soon as paralysis set in the treated parasites. RESULTS Treatment with crude alcoholic extract and its acetone fraction revealed complete inactivation and flaccid paralysis of the cestode, which was soon followed by death. The treated parasites also exhibited intense vacuolization of the tegumental layers along with complete disorganization and/or erosion of microtriches. CONCLUSIONS Considerable structural alterations in the treated parasites are suggestive of an efficient vermicidal activity of the Acacia oxyphylla stem bark-derived botanicals against cestodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Dasgupta
- Department of Zoology, North-Eastern Hill University, Permanent Campus, Mawlai, Shillong 793022, Meghalaya, India
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Activation-induced T helper cell death contributes to Th1/Th2 polarization following murine Schistosoma japonicum infection. J Biomed Biotechnol 2010; 2010:202397. [PMID: 20111738 PMCID: PMC2810471 DOI: 10.1155/2010/202397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2009] [Accepted: 10/15/2009] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In chronic infectious diseases, such as schistosomiasis, pathogen growth and immunopathology are affected by the induction of a proper balanced Th1/Th2 response to the pathogen and by antigen-triggered activation-induced T cell death. Here, by using S. japonicum infection or schistosome antigens-immunized mouse model, or antigens in vitro stimulation, we report that during the early stage of S. japonicum infection, nonegg antigens trigger Th2 cell apoptosis via the granzyme B signal pathway, contributing to Th1 polarization, which is thought to be associated with worm clearance and severe schistosomiasis. Meanwhile, after the adult worms lay their eggs, the egg antigens trigger Th1 cell apoptosis via the caspase pathway, contributing to Th2 polarization, which is associated with mild pathology and enhanced survival of both worms and their hosts. Thus, our study suggests that S. japonicum antigen-induced Th1 and Th2 cell apoptosis involves the Th1/Th2 shift and favorites both hosts and parasites.
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In vitro effects of artesunate on the survival of worm pairs and egg production of Schistosoma mansoni. J Helminthol 2009; 83:7-11. [DOI: 10.1017/s0022149x08070235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThe effect of artesunate (ART) on the survival time of adult worm pairs of Schistosoma mansoni and on their egg output during in vitro culture was assessed. ART significantly decreased the survival time of both paired male and female worms at concentrations of 5, 10, 20 and 40 mg l− 1 during in vitro cultivation. An inhibitory effect of ART on the daily egg output of paired female worms during in vitro cultivation was also observed.
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Keiser J, Utzinger J. Advances in the discovery and development of trematocidal drugs. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2007; 2:S9-S23. [DOI: 10.1517/17460441.2.s1.s9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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