1
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Katebi A, Riazi-Rad F, Varshochian R, Ajdary S. PLGA nanoparticle-delivered Leishmania antigen and TLR agonists as a therapeutic vaccine against cutaneous leishmaniasis in BALB/c mice. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 138:112538. [PMID: 38924865 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.112538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Revised: 06/15/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Leishmaniasis, caused by Leishmania (L.) species, remains a neglected infection. Therapeutic vaccination presents a promising strategy for its treatment. In this study, we aimed to develop a therapeutic vaccine candidate using Leishmaniaantigens (SLA) and Toll-like receptor (TLR) 7/8 agonist (R848) encapsulated into the poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanoparticles (NPs). Moreover, TLR1/2 agonist (Pam3CSK4) was loaded onto the NPs. The therapeutic effects of these NPs were evaluated in L. major-infected BALB/c mice. Footpad swelling, parasite load, cellular and humoral immune responses, and nitric oxide (NO) production were analyzed. The results demonstrated that the PLGA NPs (SLA-R848-Pam3CSK4) therapeutic vaccine effectively stimulated Th1 cell responses, induced humoral responses, promoted NO production, and restricted parasite burden and lesion size.Our findings suggest that vaccination with SLA combined with TLR1/2 and TLR7/8 agonists in PLGA NPs as a therapeutic vaccine confers strong protection againstL. majorinfection. These results represent a novel particulate therapeutic vaccine against Old World cutaneous leishmaniasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asal Katebi
- Department of Immunology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, IR, Iran.
| | - Farhad Riazi-Rad
- Department of Immunology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, IR, Iran.
| | - Reyhaneh Varshochian
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR, Iran.
| | - Soheila Ajdary
- Department of Immunology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, IR, Iran.
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2
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Karunakaran B, Gupta R, Patel P, Salave S, Sharma A, Desai D, Benival D, Kommineni N. Emerging Trends in Lipid-Based Vaccine Delivery: A Special Focus on Developmental Strategies, Fabrication Methods, and Applications. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:vaccines11030661. [PMID: 36992244 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11030661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipid-based vaccine delivery systems such as the conventional liposomes, virosomes, bilosomes, vesosomes, pH-fusogenic liposomes, transferosomes, immuno-liposomes, ethosomes, and lipid nanoparticles have gained a remarkable interest in vaccine delivery due to their ability to render antigens in vesicular structures, that in turn prevents its enzymatic degradation in vivo. The particulate form of lipid-based nanocarriers confers immunostimulatory potential, making them ideal antigen carriers. Facilitation in the uptake of antigen-loaded nanocarriers, by the antigen-presenting cells and its subsequent presentation through the major histocompatibility complex molecules, leads to the activation of a cascade of immune responses. Further, such nanocarriers can be tailored to achieve the desired characteristics such as charge, size, size distribution, entrapment, and site-specificity through modifications in the composition of lipids and the selection of the appropriate method of preparation. This ultimately adds to its versatility as an effective vaccine delivery carrier. The current review focuses on the various lipid-based carriers that have been investigated to date as potential vaccine delivery systems, the factors that affect their efficacy, and their various methods of preparation. The emerging trends in lipid-based mRNA vaccines and lipid-based DNA vaccines have also been summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bharathi Karunakaran
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Ahmedabad 382355, India
| | - Raghav Gupta
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Ahmedabad 382355, India
| | - Pranav Patel
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Ahmedabad 382355, India
| | - Sagar Salave
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Ahmedabad 382355, India
| | - Amit Sharma
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Ahmedabad 382355, India
| | - Dhruv Desai
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Derajram Benival
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Ahmedabad 382355, India
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Abpeikar Z, Safaei M, Akbar Alizadeh A, Goodarzi A, Hatam G. The novel treatments based on tissue engineering, cell therapy and nanotechnology for cutaneous leishmaniasis. Int J Pharm 2023; 633:122615. [PMID: 36657555 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.122615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is a global public health issue. Conventional treatments have substantial costs, side effects, and parasite resistance. Due to easy application and inexpensive cost, topical treatment is the optimal approach for CL. It could be used alone or with systemic treatments. Electrospun fibers as drug release systems in treating skin lesions have various advantages such as adjustable drug release rate, maintaining appropriate humidity and temperature, gas exchange, plasticity at the lesion site, similarity with the skin extracellular matrix (ECM) and drug delivery with high efficiency. Hydrogels are valuable scaffolds in the treatment of skin lesions. The important features of hydrogels include preserving unstable drugs from degradation, absorption of wound secretions, high biocompatibility, improving the re-epithelialization of the wound and preventing the formation of scars. One of the issues in local drug delivery systems for the skin is the low permeability of drugs in the skin. Polymeric scaffolds that are designed as microneedle patches can penetrate the skin and overcome this challenge. Also, drug delivery using nanocarriers increases the effectiveness of drugs in lower and more tolerable doses and reduces the toxicity of drugs. The application of cell therapy in the treatment of parasitic and infectious diseases has been widely investigated. The complexity of leishmaniasis treatment requires identifying new treatment options like cell therapy to overcome the disease. Topics investigated in this study include drug delivery systems based on tissue engineering scaffolds, nanotechnology and cell therapy-based studies to reduce the complications of CL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Abpeikar
- Department of Tissue Engineering, School of Medicine, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
| | - Mohsen Safaei
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Ali Akbar Alizadeh
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Medical Science and Technology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Arash Goodarzi
- Department of Tissue Engineering, School of Medicine, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran; Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Hatam
- Basic Sciences in Infectious Diseases Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
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4
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Assolini JP, Carloto ACM, Bortoleti BTDS, Gonçalves MD, Tomiotto Pellissier F, Feuser PE, Cordeiro AP, Hermes de Araújo PH, Sayer C, Miranda Sapla MM, Pavanelli WR. Nanomedicine in leishmaniasis: A promising tool for diagnosis, treatment and prevention of disease - An update overview. Eur J Pharmacol 2022; 923:174934. [PMID: 35367420 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2022.174934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Leishmaniasis is a neglected tropical disease that has a wide spectrum of clinical manifestations, ranging from visceral to cutaneous, with millions of new cases and thousands of deaths notified every year. The severity of the disease and its various clinical forms are determined by the species of the causative agent, Leishmania, as well as the host's immune response. Major challenges still exist in the diagnosis and treatment of leishmaniasis, and there is no vaccine available to prevent this disease in humans. Nanotechnology has emerged as a promising tool in a variety of fields. In this review, we highlight the main and most recent advances in nanomedicine to improve the diagnosis and treatment, as well as for the development of vaccines, for leishmaniasis. Nanomaterials are nanometric in size and can be produced by a variety of materials, including lipids, polymers, ceramics, and metals, with varying structures and morphologies. Nanotechnology can be used as biosensors to detect antibodies or antigens, thus improving the sensitivity and specificity of such immunological and molecular diagnostic tests. While in treatment, nanomaterials can act as drug carriers or, be used directly, to reduce any toxic effects of drug compounds to the host and to be more selective towards the parasite. Furthermore, preclinical studies show that different nanomaterials can carry different Leishmania antigens, or even act as adjuvants to improve a Th1 immune response in an attempt to produce an effective vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Paulo Assolini
- Department of Pathological Sciences, Center of Biological Sciences, State University of Londrina, PR, Brazil; Universidade Alto Vale do Rio Peixe, Caçador, SC, Brazil.
| | | | | | | | | | - Paulo Emilio Feuser
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Food Engineering, Federal University of Santa Catarina, SC, Brazil
| | - Arthur Poester Cordeiro
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Food Engineering, Federal University of Santa Catarina, SC, Brazil
| | | | - Claudia Sayer
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Food Engineering, Federal University of Santa Catarina, SC, Brazil
| | | | - Wander Rogério Pavanelli
- Department of Pathological Sciences, Center of Biological Sciences, State University of Londrina, PR, Brazil.
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5
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Dipeptidylcarboxypeptidase of Leishmania donovani: A potential vaccine molecule against experimental visceral leishmaniasis. Cell Immunol 2022; 375:104529. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2022.104529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Moulahoum H, Ghorbanizamani F, Zihnioglu F, Timur S. Surface Biomodification of Liposomes and Polymersomes for Efficient Targeted Drug Delivery. Bioconjug Chem 2021; 32:1491-1502. [PMID: 34283580 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.1c00285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Chemotherapy has seen great progress in the development of performant treatment strategies. Nanovesicles such as liposomes and polymersomes demonstrated great potential in cancer therapy. However, these nanocarriers deliver their content passively, which faces a lot of constraints during blood circulation. The main challenge resides in degradation and random delivery to normal tissues. Hence, targeting drug delivery using specific molecules (such as antibodies) grafted over the surface of these nanocarriers came as the answer to overcome many problems faced before. The advantage of using antibodies is their antigen/antibody recognition, which provides a high level of specificity to reach treatment targets. This review discusses the many techniques of nanocarrier functionalization with antibodies. The aim is to recognize the various approaches by describing their advantages and deficiencies to create the most suitable drug delivery platform. Some methods are more suitable for other applications rather than drug delivery, which can explain the low success of some proposed targeted nanocarriers. In here, a critical analysis of how every method could impact the recognition and targeting capacity of some nanocarriers (liposomes and polymersomes) is discussed to make future research more impactful and advance the field of biomedicine further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hichem Moulahoum
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Ege University, 35100, Bornova, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Faezeh Ghorbanizamani
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Ege University, 35100, Bornova, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Figen Zihnioglu
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Ege University, 35100, Bornova, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Suna Timur
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Ege University, 35100, Bornova, Izmir, Turkey.,Central Research Testing and Analysis Laboratory Research and Application Center, Ege University, 35100, Bornova, Izmir, Turkey
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7
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Prasanna P, Kumar P, Kumar S, Rajana VK, Kant V, Prasad SR, Mohan U, Ravichandiran V, Mandal D. Current status of nanoscale drug delivery and the future of nano-vaccine development for leishmaniasis - A review. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 141:111920. [PMID: 34328115 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The study of tropical diseases like leishmaniasis, a parasitic disease, has not received much attention even though it is the second-largest infectious disease after malaria. As per the WHO report, a total of 0.7-1.0 million new leishmaniasis cases, which are spread by 23 Leishmania species in more than 98 countries, are estimated with an alarming 26,000-65,000 death toll every year. Lack of potential vaccines along with the cost and toxicity of amphotericin B (AmB), the most common drug for the treatment of leishmaniasis, has raised the interest significantly for new formulations and drug delivery systems including nanoparticle-based delivery as anti-leishmanial agents. The size, shape, and high surface area to volume ratio of different NPs make them ideal for many biological applications. The delivery of drugs through liposome, polymeric, and solid-lipid NPs provides the advantage of high biocomatibilty of the carrier with reduced toxicity. Importantly, NP-based delivery has shown improved efficacy due to targeted delivery of the payload and synergistic action of NP and payload on the target. This review analyses the advantage of NP-based delivery over standard chemotherapy and natural product-based delivery system. The role of different physicochemical properties of a nanoscale delivery system is discussed. Further, different ways of nanoformulation delivery ranging from liposome, niosomes, polymeric, metallic, solid-lipid NPs were updated along with the possible mechanisms of action against the parasite. The status of current nano-vaccines and the future potential of NP-based vaccine are elaborated here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pragya Prasanna
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hajipur 844102, India.
| | - Prakash Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hajipur 844102, India.
| | - Saurabh Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hajipur 844102, India.
| | - Vinod Kumar Rajana
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hajipur 844102, India.
| | - Vishnu Kant
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hajipur 844102, India.
| | - Surendra Rajit Prasad
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hajipur 844102, India.
| | - Utpal Mohan
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Kolkata 700054, India.
| | - V Ravichandiran
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hajipur 844102, India; National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Kolkata 700054, India.
| | - Debabrata Mandal
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hajipur 844102, India.
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8
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Kammona O, Tsanaktsidou E. Nanotechnology-aided diagnosis, treatment and prevention of leishmaniasis. Int J Pharm 2021; 605:120761. [PMID: 34081999 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.120761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Leishmaniasis is a prevalent parasitic infection belonging to neglected tropical diseases. It is caused by Leishmania protozoan parasites transmitted by sandflies and it is responsible for increased morbidity/mortality especially in low- and middle-income countries. The lack of cheap, portable, easy to use diagnostic tools exhibiting high efficiency and specificity impede the early diagnosis of the disease. Furthermore, the typical anti-leishmanial agents are cytotoxic, characterized by low patient compliance and require long-term regimen and usually hospitalization. In addition, due to the intracellular nature of the disease, the existing treatments exhibit low bioavailability resulting in low therapeutic efficacy. The above, combined with the common development of resistance against the anti-leishmanial agents, denote the urgent need for novel therapeutic strategies. Furthermore, the lack of effective prophylactic vaccines hinders the control of the disease. The development of nanoparticle-based biosensors and nanocarrier-aided treatment and vaccination strategies could advance the diagnosis, therapy and prevention of leishmaniasis. The present review intends to highlight the various nanotechnology-based approaches pursued until now to improve the detection of Leishmania species in biological samples, decrease the side effects and increase the efficacy of anti-leishmanial drugs, and induce enhanced immune responses, specifically focusing on the outcome of their preclinical and clinical evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Kammona
- Chemical Process and Energy Resources Institute, Centre for Research and Technology Hellas, P.O. Box 60361, 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece.
| | - Evgenia Tsanaktsidou
- Chemical Process and Energy Resources Institute, Centre for Research and Technology Hellas, P.O. Box 60361, 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece
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Jamshaid H, Din FU, Khan GM. Nanotechnology based solutions for anti-leishmanial impediments: a detailed insight. J Nanobiotechnology 2021; 19:106. [PMID: 33858436 PMCID: PMC8051083 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-021-00853-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
As a neglected tropical disease, Leishmaniasis is significantly instigating morbidity and mortality across the globe. Its clinical spectrum varies from ulcerative cutaneous lesions to systemic immersion causing hyperthermic hepato-splenomegaly. Curbing leishmanial parasite is toughly attributable to the myriad obstacles in existing chemotherapy and immunization. Since the 1990s, extensive research has been conducted for ameliorating disease prognosis, by resolving certain obstacles of conventional therapeutics viz. poor efficacy, systemic toxicity, inadequate drug accumulation inside the macrophage, scarce antigenic presentation to body's immune cells, protracted length and cost of the treatment. Mentioned hurdles can be restricted by designing nano-drug delivery system (nano-DDS) of extant anti-leishmanials, phyto-nano-DDS, surface modified-mannosylated and thiolated nano-DDS. Likewise, antigen delivery with co-transportation of suitable adjuvants would be achievable through nano-vaccines. In the past decade, researchers have engineered nano-DDS to improve the safety profile of existing drugs by restricting their release parameters. Polymerically-derived nano-DDS were found as a suitable option for oral delivery as well as SLNs due to pharmacokinetic re-modeling of drugs. Mannosylated nano-DDS have upgraded macrophage internalizing of nanosystem and the entrapped drug, provided with minimal toxicity. Cutaneous Leishmaniasis (CL) was tackling by the utilization of nano-DDS designed for topical delivery including niosomes, liposomes, and transfersomes. Transfersomes, however, appears to be superior for this purpose. The nanotechnology-based solution to prevent parasitic resistance is the use of Thiolated drug-loaded and multiple drugs loaded nano-DDS. These surfaces amended nano-DDS possess augmented IC50 values in comparison to conventional drugs and un-modified nano-DDS. Phyto-nano-DDS, another obscure horizon, have also been evaluated for their anti-leishmanial response, however, more intense assessment is a prerequisite. Impoverished Cytotoxic T-cells response followed by Leishmanial antigen proteins delivery have also been vanquished using nano-adjuvants. The eminence of nano-DDS for curtailment of anti-leishmanial chemotherapy and immunization associated challenges are extensively summed up in this review. This expedited approach is ameliorating the Leishmaniasis management successfully. Alongside, total to partial eradication of this disease can be sought along with associated co-morbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Humzah Jamshaid
- Nanomedicine Research Group, Department of Pharmacy, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan
| | - Fakhar Ud Din
- Nanomedicine Research Group, Department of Pharmacy, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan.
| | - Gul Majid Khan
- Nanomedicine Research Group, Department of Pharmacy, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan.
- Islamia College University, Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.
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Askarizadeh A, Badiee A, Khamesipour A. Development of nano-carriers for Leishmania vaccine delivery. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2020; 17:167-187. [PMID: 31914821 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2020.1713746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Leishmaniasis is a neglected tropical infection caused by several species of intracellular protozoan parasites of the genus Leishmania. It is strongly believed that the development of vaccines is the most appropriate approach to control leishmaniasis. However, there is no vaccine available yet and the lack of an appropriate adjuvant delivery system is the main reason.Areas covered: Adjuvants are the utmost important part of a vaccine, to induce the immune response in the right direction. Limitations and drawbacks of conventional adjuvants have been necessitated the development of novel particulate delivery systems as adjuvants to obtain desirable protection against infectious diseases such as leishmaniasis. This review focused on particulate adjuvants especially nanoparticles that are in use to develop vaccines against leishmaniasis. The list of adjuvants includes generally lipids-, polymers-, or mineral-based delivery systems that target antigens specifically to the site of action within the host's body and enhance immune responses.Expert opinion: Over the past few years, there has been an increasing interest in developing particulate adjuvants as alternatives to immunostimulatory types. The composition of nano-carriers and particularly the physicochemical properties of nanoparticles have great potential to overcome challenges posed to leishmaniasis vaccine developments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anis Askarizadeh
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Ali Badiee
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Ali Khamesipour
- Center for Research and Training in Skin Diseases and Leprosy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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11
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Volpedo G, Costa L, Ryan N, Halsey G, Satoskar A, Oghumu S. Nanoparticulate drug delivery systems for the treatment of neglected tropical protozoan diseases. J Venom Anim Toxins Incl Trop Dis 2019; 25:e144118. [PMID: 31130996 PMCID: PMC6483407 DOI: 10.1590/1678-9199-jvatitd-1441-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Neglected Tropical Diseases (NTDs) comprise of a group of seventeen infectious
conditions endemic in many developing countries. Among these diseases are three
of protozoan origin, namely leishmaniasis, Chagas disease, and African
trypanosomiasis, caused by the parasites Leishmania spp.,
Trypanosoma cruzi, and Trypanosoma brucei
respectively. These diseases have their own unique challenges which are
associated with the development of effective prevention and treatment methods.
Collectively, these parasitic diseases cause more deaths worldwide than all
other NTDs combined. Moreover, many current therapies for these diseases are
limited in their efficacy, possessing harmful or potentially fatal side effects
at therapeutic doses. It is therefore imperative that new treatment strategies
for these parasitic diseases are developed. Nanoparticulate drug delivery
systems have emerged as a promising area of research in the therapy and
prevention of NTDs. These delivery systems provide novel mechanisms for targeted
drug delivery within the host, maximizing therapeutic effects while minimizing
systemic side effects. Currently approved drugs may also be repackaged using
these delivery systems, allowing for their potential use in NTDs of protozoan
origin. Current research on these novel delivery systems has provided insight
into possible indications, with evidence demonstrating their improved ability to
specifically target pathogens, penetrate barriers within the host, and reduce
toxicity with lower dose regimens. In this review, we will examine current
research on these delivery systems, focusing on applications in the treatment of
leishmaniasis, Chagas disease, and African trypanosomiasis. Nanoparticulate
systems present a unique therapeutic alternative through the repositioning of
existing medications and directed drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Greta Volpedo
- Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Department of Pathology, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.,Ohio State University, Department of Microbiology, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Lourena Costa
- Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Department of Pathology, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.,Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Faculdade de Medicina, Departamento de Infectologia e Medicina Tropical, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil
| | - Nathan Ryan
- Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Department of Pathology, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Gregory Halsey
- Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Department of Pathology, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Abhay Satoskar
- Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Department of Pathology, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.,Ohio State University, Department of Microbiology, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Steve Oghumu
- Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Department of Pathology, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
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Cytokine Effect of TLR3, TLR4, and TLR7 Agonists Alone or Associated with Leishmania infantum Antigen on Blood from Dogs. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:5693736. [PMID: 30539014 PMCID: PMC6260531 DOI: 10.1155/2018/5693736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Revised: 09/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Activation of toll-like receptors (TLRs) has been shown to play an important role in leishmaniosis by enhancing the parasite specific immune responses to control infection. However, the role of TLR agonists has not been studied in detail in dogs. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of TLR3, TLR4, and TLR7 agonists (TLR3a, TLR4a, and TLR7a) alone or in combination with Leishmania infantum antigen (LSA) on TNF-α and IL-6 production in blood from dogs living in endemic areas of canine leishmaniosis (CanL). Twenty-four healthy dogs from Catalonia (n=14) and Ibizan hound dogs from the island of Mallorca (n=10) were enrolled. Whole blood with TLR3a, TLR4a, and TLR7a alone or combined with LSA were cultured separately, and IFN-γ, TNF-α, and IL-6 were measured by ELISA. A significant increase of TNF-α was found for all conditions studied compared to medium alone. Stimulation with TLR4a (p=0.0001) and TLR7a (p=0.005) presented a significantly marked increase in TNF-α and IL-6 production compared to TLR3a. Importantly, significantly higher TNF-α production was found in LSA+TLR4a (p=0.0001) stimulated blood and LSA+TLR7a (p=0.005) compared to LSA alone. All dogs showed higher TNF-α production after LSA+TLR7a compared to TLR7a (p=0.047) and LSA+TLR3a compared to TLR3a (p=0.052). These data indicate a marked inflammatory cytokine effect of TLR4a and TLR7a on blood from healthy dogs living in endemic areas of CanL. Additionally, LSA+TLR7a promoted a synergistic proinflammatory effect with TNF-α in all dogs. Those findings suggest an active role of TLRs in proinflammatory responses, which might be strongly involved in the process of disease resolution.
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Ribeiro PA, Dias DS, Novais MV, Lage DP, Tavares GS, Mendonça DV, Oliveira JS, Chávez-Fumagalli MA, Roatt BM, Duarte MC, Menezes-Souza D, Ludolf F, Tavares CA, Oliveira MC, Coelho EA. A Leishmania hypothetical protein-containing liposome-based formulation is highly immunogenic and induces protection against visceral leishmaniasis. Cytokine 2018; 111:131-139. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2018.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Revised: 07/11/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Iborra S, Solana JC, Requena JM, Soto M. Vaccine candidates against leishmania under current research. Expert Rev Vaccines 2018; 17:323-334. [PMID: 29589966 DOI: 10.1080/14760584.2018.1459191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The search for vaccines to prevent human leishmaniasis is an active field of investigation aimed to prevent the devastating effects of this family of diseases on human health. The design and commercialization of several vaccines against canine leishmaniasis is a hopeful advance toward the achievement of a human vaccine. AREAS COVERED This review includes a summary of the most relevant immunological aspects accompanying leishmaniasis in natural hosts as well as a description of the latest advances in the multiple strategies that are being followed to develop leishmanial prophylactic vaccines. We have combined citations of the latest specialized reviews with research articles presenting the most recent results. EXPERT COMMENTARY Achieving safe, effective, durable and low-cost prophylactic vaccines against leishmaniasis is still a major challenge. These vaccines should control not only parasite progression, but also the accompanying pathology, which results from an imbalanced interaction between the infectious agent and the human host immune system. Different strategies for development of vaccines are currently under investigation. They range from the use of live non-pathogenic vectors to the employment of subunit vaccines combined with adjuvants and/or delivery systems inducing cell-mediated immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvador Iborra
- a Department of Vascular Biology and Inflammation Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC) , Immunobiology of Inflammation Laboratory , Madrid , Spain.,b School of Medicine , Universidad Complutense de Madrid , Madrid , Spain
| | - José Carlos Solana
- c Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CSIC-UAM), Departamento de Biología Molecular, Nicolás Cabrera 1 , Universidad Autónoma de Madrid , Madrid , Spain
| | - José María Requena
- c Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CSIC-UAM), Departamento de Biología Molecular, Nicolás Cabrera 1 , Universidad Autónoma de Madrid , Madrid , Spain
| | - Manuel Soto
- c Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CSIC-UAM), Departamento de Biología Molecular, Nicolás Cabrera 1 , Universidad Autónoma de Madrid , Madrid , Spain
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Emami T, Rezayat SM, Khamesipour A, Madani R, Habibi G, Hojatizade M, Jaafari MR. The role of MPL and imiquimod adjuvants in enhancement of immune response and protection in BALB/c mice immunized with soluble Leishmania antigen (SLA) encapsulated in nanoliposome. ARTIFICIAL CELLS NANOMEDICINE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2018; 46:324-333. [PMID: 29607698 DOI: 10.1080/21691401.2018.1457042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Adjuvants play an essential role in the induction of immunity against leishmaniasis. In this study, monophosphoryl lipid A (MPL) and imiquimod (IMQ) were used as TLR ligands adjuvants to enhance immunogenicity and rate of protection against leishmaniasis. Nanoliposomes containing soluble Leishmania antigens (SLA) and adjuvants were consisted of DSPC, DSPG and Chol prepared by using lipid film method followed by bath sonication. The size of nanoliposomes was around 95 nm and their zeta potential was negative. BALB/c mice were immunized by liposomal formulations of lip/SLA, lip/MPL/SLA, lip/IMQ/SLA, lip/MPL/IMQ/SLA, lip/SLA + lip/IMQ, lip/SLA + lip/MPL, lip/SLA + lip/MPL/IMQ and five controls of SLA, lip/MPL, lip/IMQ, lip/MPL/IMQ and buffer by subcutaneously (SC) injections, three times in 2 weeks intervals. The synergic effect of two adjuvants when they are used in one formulation showed significantly (p < .001) smaller footpad swelling and the lowest parasite burden in lymph node and foot after the challenge. IgG2a in these groups showed the higher titre compared to control groups, which is compatible with the high IFN-γ production and lowest IL-4. Taken together the results indicated that co-delivery of MPL and IMQ adjuvants and antigen in nanoliposome carrier could be an appropriate delivery system to induce cellular immunity pathway against leishmaniasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tara Emami
- a Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine , Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran.,b Department of Proteomics and Biochemistry , Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization(AREEO) , Karaj , Iran
| | - Seyed Mahdi Rezayat
- a Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine , Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| | - Ali Khamesipour
- c Center for Research and Training in Skin Diseases and Leprosy , Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| | - Rasool Madani
- b Department of Proteomics and Biochemistry , Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization(AREEO) , Karaj , Iran
| | - Gholamreza Habibi
- d Department of Parasite Vaccine Research and Production , Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization(AREEO) , Karaj , Iran
| | - Mansure Hojatizade
- e Department of Basic Medical Sciences , Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences , Neyshabur , Iran
| | - Mahmoud Reza Jaafari
- f Nanotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute , Mashhad University of Medical Sciences , Mashhad , Iran.,g Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, School of Pharmacy , Mashhad University of Medical Sciences , Mashhad , Iran
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Nisini R, Poerio N, Mariotti S, De Santis F, Fraziano M. The Multirole of Liposomes in Therapy and Prevention of Infectious Diseases. Front Immunol 2018; 9:155. [PMID: 29459867 PMCID: PMC5807682 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Liposomes are closed bilayer structures spontaneously formed by hydrated phospholipids that are widely used as efficient delivery systems for drugs or antigens, due to their capability to encapsulate bioactive hydrophilic, amphipathic, and lipophilic molecules into inner water phase or within lipid leaflets. The efficacy of liposomes as drug or antigen carriers has been improved in the last years to ameliorate pharmacokinetics and capacity to release their cargo in selected target organs or cells. Moreover, different formulations and variations in liposome composition have been often proposed to include immunostimulatory molecules, ligands for specific receptors, or stimuli responsive compounds. Intriguingly, independent research has unveiled the capacity of several phospholipids to play critical roles as intracellular messengers in modulating both innate and adaptive immune responses through various mechanisms, including (i) activation of different antimicrobial enzymatic pathways, (ii) driving the fusion–fission events between endosomes with direct consequences to phagosome maturation and/or to antigen presentation pathway, and (iii) modulation of the inflammatory response. These features can be exploited by including selected bioactive phospholipids in the bilayer scaffold of liposomes. This would represent an important step forward since drug or antigen carrying liposomes could be engineered to simultaneously activate different signal transduction pathways and target specific cells or tissues to induce antigen-specific T and/or B cell response. This lipid-based host-directed strategy can provide a focused antimicrobial innate and adaptive immune response against specific pathogens and offer a novel prophylactic or therapeutic option against chronic, recurrent, or drug-resistant infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Nisini
- Dipartimento di Malattie Infettive, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Noemi Poerio
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università degli Studi di Roma "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Sabrina Mariotti
- Dipartimento di Malattie Infettive, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Federica De Santis
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università degli Studi di Roma "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Maurizio Fraziano
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università degli Studi di Roma "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
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Antigenicity, immunogenicity and protective efficacy of a conserved Leishmania hypothetical protein against visceral leishmaniasis. Parasitology 2017; 145:740-751. [PMID: 29113597 DOI: 10.1017/s0031182017001731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
In this study, a Leishmania hypothetical protein, LiHyS, was evaluated regarding its antigenicity, immunogenicity and protective efficacy against visceral leishmaniasis (VL). Regarding antigenicity, immunoblottings and an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using human and canine sera showed high sensitivity and specificity values for the recombinant protein (rLiHyS) in the diagnosis of VL. When evaluating the immunogenicity of LiHyS, which is possibly located in the parasite's flagellar pocket, proliferative assays using peripheral blood mononuclear cells from healthy subjects or VL patients showed a high proliferative index in both individuals, when compared to the results obtained using rA2 or unstimulated cultures. Later, rLiHyS/saponin was inoculated in BALB/c mice, which were then challenged with Leishmania infantum promastigotes. The vaccine induced an interferon-γ, interleukin (IL)-12 and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor production, which was maintained after infection and which was associated with high nitrite and IgG2a antibody levels, as well as low IL-4 and IL-10 production. Significant reductions in the parasite load in liver, spleen, bone marrow and draining lymph nodes were found in these animals. In this context, the present study shows that the rLiHyS has the capacity to be evaluated as a diagnostic marker or vaccine candidate against VL.
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Naseri H, Eskandari F, Jaafari MR, Khamesipour A, Abbasi A, Badiee A. PEGylation of cationic liposomes encapsulating soluble Leishmania
antigens reduces the adjuvant efficacy of liposomes in murine model. Parasite Immunol 2017; 39. [DOI: 10.1111/pim.12492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2017] [Accepted: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- H. Naseri
- Nanotechnology Research Center; Mashhad University of Medical Sciences; Mashhad Iran
| | - F. Eskandari
- Nanotechnology Research Center; Mashhad University of Medical Sciences; Mashhad Iran
| | - M. R. Jaafari
- Nanotechnology Research Center; Mashhad University of Medical Sciences; Mashhad Iran
- Biotechnology Research Center; Mashhad University of Medical Sciences; Mashhad Iran
- Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology; School of Pharmacy; Mashhad University of Medical Sciences; Mashhad Iran
| | - A. Khamesipour
- Center for Research and Training in Skin Diseases and Leprosy; Tehran University of Medical Sciences; Tehran Iran
| | - A. Abbasi
- Nanotechnology Research Center; Mashhad University of Medical Sciences; Mashhad Iran
| | - A. Badiee
- Nanotechnology Research Center; Mashhad University of Medical Sciences; Mashhad Iran
- Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology; School of Pharmacy; Mashhad University of Medical Sciences; Mashhad Iran
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Margaroni M, Agallou M, Athanasiou E, Kammona O, Kiparissides C, Gaitanaki C, Karagouni E. Vaccination with poly(D,L-lactide-co-glycolide) nanoparticles loaded with soluble Leishmania antigens and modified with a TNFα-mimicking peptide or monophosphoryl lipid A confers protection against experimental visceral leishmaniasis. Int J Nanomedicine 2017; 12:6169-6184. [PMID: 28883727 PMCID: PMC5574665 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s141069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) persists as a major public health problem, and since the existing chemotherapy is far from satisfactory, development of an effective vaccine emerges as the most appropriate strategy for confronting VL. The development of an effective vaccine relies on the selection of the appropriate antigen and also the right adjuvant and/or delivery vehicle. In the present study, the protective efficacy of poly(D,L-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) nanoparticles (NPs), which were surface-modified with a TNFα-mimicking eight-amino-acid peptide (p8) and further functionalized by encapsulating soluble Leishmania infantum antigens (sLiAg) and monophosphoryl lipid A (MPLA), a TLR4 ligand, was evaluated against challenge with L. infantum parasites in BALB/c mice. Vaccination with these multifunctionalized PLGA nanoformulations conferred significant protection against parasite infection in vaccinated mice. In particular, vaccination with PLGA-sLiAg-MPLA or p8-PLGA-sLiAg NPs resulted in almost complete elimination of the parasite in the spleen for up to 4 months post-challenge. Parasite burden reduction was accompanied by antigen-specific humoral and cellular immune responses. Specifically, injection with PLGA-sLiAg-MPLA raised exclusively anti-sLiAg IgG1 antibodies post-vaccination, while in p8-PLGA-sLiAg-vaccinated mice, no antibody production was detected. However, 4 months post-challenge, in mice vaccinated with all the multifunctionalized NPs, antibody class switching towards IgG2a subtype was observed. The study of cellular immune responses revealed the increased proliferation capacity of spleen cells against sLiAg, consisting of IFNγ-producing CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. Importantly, the activation of CD8+ T cells was exclusively attributed to vaccination with PLGA NPs surface-modified with the p8 peptide. Moreover, characterization of cytokine production in vaccinated-infected mice revealed that protection was accompanied by significant increase of IFNγ and lower levels of IL-4 and IL-10 in protected mice when compared to control infected group. Conclusively, the above nanoformulations hold promise for future vaccination strategies against VL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maritsa Margaroni
- Laboratory of Cellular Immunology, Department of Microbiology, Hellenic Pasteur Institute.,Department of Animal and Human Physiology, School of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens
| | - Maria Agallou
- Laboratory of Cellular Immunology, Department of Microbiology, Hellenic Pasteur Institute
| | - Evita Athanasiou
- Laboratory of Cellular Immunology, Department of Microbiology, Hellenic Pasteur Institute
| | - Olga Kammona
- Chemical Process & Energy Resources Institute, Centre for Research and Technology Hellas
| | - Costas Kiparissides
- Chemical Process & Energy Resources Institute, Centre for Research and Technology Hellas.,Department of Chemical Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Catherine Gaitanaki
- Department of Animal and Human Physiology, School of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens
| | - Evdokia Karagouni
- Laboratory of Cellular Immunology, Department of Microbiology, Hellenic Pasteur Institute
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Eloy JO, Petrilli R, Trevizan LNF, Chorilli M. Immunoliposomes: A review on functionalization strategies and targets for drug delivery. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2017; 159:454-467. [PMID: 28837895 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2017.07.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Revised: 07/26/2017] [Accepted: 07/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Nanoparticles, especially liposomes, have gained prominence in the field of drug delivery for the treatment of human diseases, particularly cancer; they provide several advantages, including controlled drug release, protection of the drug against degradation, improved pharmacokinetics, long circulation, and passive targeting to tumors and inflammatory sites due to the enhanced permeability and retention effect. The functionalization of liposomes with monoclonal antibodies or antibody fragments to generate immunoliposomes has emerged as a promising strategy for targeted delivery to and uptake by cells overexpressing the antigens to these antibodies, with a consequent reduction in side effects. In this review, we address functionalization strategies for the non-covalent and covalent attachment of monoclonal antibodies and their fragments to liposomal surfaces. The main reaction occurs between the sulfhydryl groups of thiolated antibodies and maleimide-containing liposomes. Furthermore, we explore the main targeting possibilities with these ligands for the treatment of a variety of pathologies, including HER2- and EGFR-positive cancers, inflammatory and cardiovascular diseases, infectious diseases, and autoimmune and neurodegenerative diseases, which have not previously been reviewed together. Overall, many studies have shown selective delivery of immunoliposomes to target cells, with promising in vivo results, particularly for cancer treatment. Although clinical trials have been conducted, immunoliposomes have not yet received clinical approval. However, immunoliposomes are promising formulations that are expected to become available for therapeutic use after clinical trials prove their safety and efficacy, and after scaling issues are resolved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josimar O Eloy
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Araraquara, São Paulo State University, UNESP, Department of Drugs and Medicines, Araraquara, SP, Brazil.
| | - Raquel Petrilli
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo State University, USP, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Lucas Noboru Fatori Trevizan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Araraquara, São Paulo State University, UNESP, Department of Drugs and Medicines, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Marlus Chorilli
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Araraquara, São Paulo State University, UNESP, Department of Drugs and Medicines, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
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Askarizadeh A, Jaafari MR, Khamesipour A, Badiee A. Liposomal adjuvant development for leishmaniasis vaccines. THERAPEUTIC ADVANCES IN VACCINES 2017; 5:85-101. [PMID: 29201374 PMCID: PMC5697592 DOI: 10.1177/2051013617741578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2017] [Accepted: 10/18/2017] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
Leishmaniasis is a parasitic disease that ranges in severity from skin lesions to fatality. Since long-lasting protection is induced upon recovery from cutaneous leishmaniasis, development of an effective vaccine is promising. However, there is no vaccine for use in humans yet. It seems limited efficacy in leishmaniasis vaccines is due to lack of an appropriate adjuvant or delivery system. Hence, the use of particulate adjuvants such as liposomes for effective delivery to the antigen presenting cells (APCs) is a valuable strategy to enhance leishmaniasis vaccine efficacy. The extraordinary versatility of liposomes because of their unique amphiphilic and biphasic nature allows for using antigens or immunostimulators within the core, on the surface or within the bilayer, and modulates both the magnitude and the T-helper bias of the immune response. In this review article, we attempt to summarize the role of liposomal adjuvants in the development of Leishmania vaccines and describe the main physicochemical properties of liposomes like phospholipid composition, surface charge, and particle size during formulation design. We also suggest potentially useful formulation strategies in order for future experiments to have a chance to succeed as liposomal vaccines against leishmaniasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anis Askarizadeh
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Reza Jaafari
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran Biotechnology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, School of Pharmacy Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Ali Khamesipour
- Center for Research and Training in Skin Diseases and Leprosy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Badiee
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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In silico analysis and in vitro evaluation of immunogenic and immunomodulatory properties of promiscuous peptides derived from Leishmania infantum eukaryotic initiation factor. Bioorg Med Chem 2017; 25:5904-5916. [PMID: 28974324 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2017.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2016] [Revised: 06/16/2017] [Accepted: 07/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
It is generally considered as imperative the ability to control leishmaniasis through the development of a protective vaccine capable of inducing long-lasting and protective cell-mediated immune responses. In this current study, we demonstrated potential epitopes that bind to H2 MHC class I and II molecules by conducting the in silico analysis of Leishmania infantum eukaryotic Initiation Factor (LieIF) protein, using online available algorithms. Moreover, we synthesized five peptides (16-18 amino acids long) which are part of the N-terminal portion of LieIF and contain promising MHC class I and II-restricted epitopes and afterwards, their predicted immunogenicity was evaluated in vitro by monitoring peptide-specific T-cell responses. Additionally, the immunomodulatory properties of these peptides were investigated in vitro by exploring their potential of inducing phenotypic maturation and functional differentiation of murine Bone-Marrow derived Dendritic Cells (BM-DCs). It was revealed by our data that all the synthetic peptides predicted for H2 alleles; present the property of immunogenicity. Among the synthetic peptides which contained T-cell epitopes, the peptide 52-68 aa (LieIF_2) exhibited immunomodulatory properties with the larger potential. LieIF_2-pulsed BM-DCs up-regulated the expression of the co-stimulatory surface molecules CD80 and CD86, as well as the production of the proinflammatory cytokine TNF-α and of the Th1-polarizing cytokines IL-12 and IFN-γ. The aforementioned data suggest that selected parts of LieIF could be used to develop innovative subunit protective vaccines able to induce effective immunity mediated by MHC class I-restricted as well as class II-restricted T-cell responses.
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PLGA nanoparticles modified with a TNFα mimicking peptide, soluble Leishmania antigens and MPLA induce T cell priming in vitro via dendritic cell functional differentiation. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2016; 105:18-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2016.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2016] [Revised: 05/17/2016] [Accepted: 05/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Tila D, Ghasemi S, Yazdani-Arazi SN, Ghanbarzadeh S. Functional liposomes in the cancer-targeted drug delivery. J Biomater Appl 2015; 30:3-16. [PMID: 25823898 DOI: 10.1177/0885328215578111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is considered as one of the most severe health problems and is currently the third most common cause of death in the world after heart and infectious diseases. Novel therapies are constantly being discovered, developed and trialed. Many of the current anticancer agents exhibit non-ideal pharmaceutical and pharmacological properties and are distributed non-specifically throughout the body. This results in death of the both normal healthy and malignant cells and substantially leads to accruing a variety of serious toxic side effects. Therefore, the efficient systemic therapy of cancer is almost impossible due to harmful side effects of anticancer agents to the healthy organs and tissues. Furthermore, several problems such as low bioavailability of the drugs, low drug concentrations at the site of action, lack of drug specificity and drug-resistance also cause many restrictions on clinical applications of these drugs in the tumor therapy. Different types of the liposomal formulations have been used in medicine due to their distinctive advantages associated with their structural flexibility in the encapsulation of various agents with different physicochemical properties. They can also mediate delivery of the cargo to the appropriate cell type and subcellular compartment, reducing the effective dosage and possible side effects which are related to high systemic concentrations. Therefore, these novel systems were found very promising and encouraging dosage forms for the treatment of different types of cancer by increasing efficiency and reducing the systemic toxicity due to the specific drug delivery and targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dena Tila
- Biotechnology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Saeed Ghasemi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | | | - Saeed Ghanbarzadeh
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran Research Center for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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