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Dellarupe A, Moré G, Unzaga JM, Pardini L, Venturini MC. Study of specific immunodominant antigens in different stages of Neospora caninum, Toxoplasma gondii, Sarcocystis spp. and Hammondia spp. Exp Parasitol 2024; 262:108772. [PMID: 38723846 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2024.108772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
The family Sarcocystidae includes several intracellular coccidial parasites such as Toxoplasma gondii, Neospora caninum, Sarcocystis spp. and Hammondia spp. with heteroxenous life cycles involving different parasitic stages (oocysts/sporocysts, tachyzoites and bradyzoites in tissue cysts). The aim of this work was to evaluate monoclonal antibodies (MAb) (anti NcSAG1, anti NcSAG4 and anti TgCC2) and/or polyclonal antibodies (PAb) (anti NcSAG4 and anti TgBAG1) to label specific immunodominant antigens in different parasitic stages of N. caninum (oocyst, bradyzoite and tachyzoite), T. gondii (oocyst, cyst and tachyzoite), H. heydorni (oocyst), S. cruzi (cyst and bradyzoite) and S. falcatula (sporocyst). It was observed that the MAb directed against NcSAG1 reacted exclusively with N. caninum tachyzoites. In contrast, the MAb directed against NcSAG4 did not react with any of the parasites tested at any stage. The MAb directed against NcSAG4 reacted with both N. caninum and T. gondii tachyzoites, T. gondii tissue cysts and S. cruzi tissue cysts and bradyzoites. As expected, the MAb directed against the T. gondii tissue cyst wall antigen TgCC2 reacted with T. gondii tissue cysts, N. caninum bradyzoites, but also with T. gondii and H. heydorni oocysts and S. falcatula sporocysts. Finally, the PAb directed against the T. gondii bradyzoite proteinTgBAG1 reacted with T. gondii tissue cysts, N. caninum bradyzoites, and also with S. cruzi tissue cysts and bradyzoites. These data reveal a wide range of cross-reactions between different species of protozoa and between different developmental stages, which should be taken into account in the design and evaluation of diagnostic tests, as well as in the assessment of vaccination and challenge studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Dellarupe
- Argentinean National Council of Scientific and Technological Research (CONICET), Godoy Cruz 2290, (C1425FQB) CABA, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Laboratory of Immunoparasitology (LAINPA), Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, National University of La Plata (FCV-UNLP), La Plata, 1900, Argentina.
| | - G Moré
- Argentinean National Council of Scientific and Technological Research (CONICET), Godoy Cruz 2290, (C1425FQB) CABA, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Laboratory of Immunoparasitology (LAINPA), Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, National University of La Plata (FCV-UNLP), La Plata, 1900, Argentina
| | - J M Unzaga
- Laboratory of Immunoparasitology (LAINPA), Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, National University of La Plata (FCV-UNLP), La Plata, 1900, Argentina
| | - L Pardini
- Argentinean National Council of Scientific and Technological Research (CONICET), Godoy Cruz 2290, (C1425FQB) CABA, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Laboratory of Immunoparasitology (LAINPA), Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, National University of La Plata (FCV-UNLP), La Plata, 1900, Argentina
| | - M C Venturini
- Laboratory of Immunoparasitology (LAINPA), Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, National University of La Plata (FCV-UNLP), La Plata, 1900, Argentina
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Martinez A, Apostolo R, Herrera R, Gardner D, Borrelli L, Zabaleta G, Robles C, Ferrería J. Pine needle abortions in cattle due to consumption of Pinus ponderosa in Argentina: Case reports. Toxicon 2024; 242:107712. [PMID: 38614243 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2024.107712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024]
Abstract
Two outbreaks of pine needle abortions in cattle are here reported for the first time in Argentina. The cases occurred in Chubut and Neuquén provinces in the Patagonia region, causing 29.6% and 9% of abortions in each herd respectively. In both outbreaks, the dams were in the last third of gestation, and, due to a period of cold, snow and lack of available forage, they gained access to Pinus ponderosa and Pinus contorta forests. No pathological lesions, serological, molecular, or microbiological evidence of infectious causes were observed in any of the six fetuses analyzed. Microhistological analysis of feces confirmed higher presence of fragments of Pinus spp. needles in the diet of affected dams than in that of non-affected ones (12.2 vs 3.0%). Moreover, toxicological analysis showed higher tetrahydroagathic acid in the sera of affected dams than in that of non-affected ones (10.05 vs 2.81 ppm). In addition, this acid was detected in different fetal fluids (3.6-8.1 ppm) of the six fetuses analyzed. Interestingly, isocupressic acid was detected only in needles of P. ponderosa, and its content was lower than that found in other areas of the world (0.31 and 0.5% in Chubut and Neuquén respectively). These results confirm that the consumption of P. ponderosa by dams could have been the cause of these abortion outbreaks, a fact that should be considered as differential diagnosis in abortions of cattle, especially in silvopastoral systems of Argentina.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Martinez
- Grupo de Salud Animal, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria - Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Bariloche, San Carlos de Bariloche, Río Negro, Argentina.
| | - R Apostolo
- Grupo Producción Animal, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria - Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Esquel, Chubut, Argentina
| | - R Herrera
- Grupo de Salud Animal, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria - Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Bariloche, San Carlos de Bariloche, Río Negro, Argentina
| | - D Gardner
- USDA ARS Poisonous Plant Research Laboratory, Logan, UT, 84341, USA
| | - L Borrelli
- Laboratorio de Microhistología Vegetal, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria - Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Bariloche, San Carlos de Bariloche, Río Negro, Argentina
| | - G Zabaleta
- Grupo de Salud Animal, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria - Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Bariloche, San Carlos de Bariloche, Río Negro, Argentina
| | - C Robles
- Grupo de Salud Animal, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria - Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Bariloche, San Carlos de Bariloche, Río Negro, Argentina; Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria - Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Bariloche, San Carlos de Bariloche, Río Negro, Argentina
| | - J Ferrería
- Freelance Vet - San Martín de los Andes, Neuquén, Argentina
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Campero LM, Basso W, Moré G, Fiorani F, Hecker YP, Echaide I, Cantón GJ, Cirone KM, Campero CM, Venturini MC, Moore DP. Neosporosis in Argentina: Past, present and future perspectives. Vet Parasitol Reg Stud Reports 2023; 41:100882. [PMID: 37208088 DOI: 10.1016/j.vprsr.2023.100882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Neosporosis, caused by the protozoan Neospora caninum, was first diagnosed in Argentinean cattle in the 90's. With a national bovine stock of approximately 53 million head, the cattle industry is socially and economically relevant. Severe economic losses have been estimated at US$ 33 and 12 million annually in dairy and beef cattle, respectively. Approximately 9% of bovine abortions in the Buenos Aires province are caused by N. caninum. In 2001, the first isolation of N. caninum oocysts from feces of a naturally infected dog was performed in Argentina and named as NC-6 Argentina. Further strains were isolated from cattle (NC-Argentina LP1, NC-Argentina LP2) and axis deer (Axis axis, NC-Axis). Epidemiological studies revealed a high distribution of Neospora-infections not only in dairy but also in beef cattle, with seroprevalence rates of 16.6-88.8% and 0-73%, respectively. Several experimental infection studies in cattle have been carried out, as well as attempts to develop effective vaccines to avoid Neospora-abortions and transmission. However, no vaccine has proven successful for its use in daily practice. Reduction of seroprevalence, vertical transmission and Neospora-related abortions have been achieved in dairy farms by the use of selective breeding strategies and embryo transfer. Neospora-infections have been also detected in goats, sheep, deer, water buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) and gray foxes (Lycalopex griseus). Moreover, Neospora-related reproductive losses were reported in small ruminants and deer species and could be more frequent than previously thought. Even though diagnostic methods have been improved during the last decades, control of neosporosis is still not optimal. The development of new strategies including new antiprotozoal drugs and vaccines is highly needed. This paper reviews the information from the previous 28 years of research of N. caninum in Argentina, including seroprevalence and epidemiological studies, available diagnostic techniques, experimental reproduction, immunization strategies, isolations and control measures in domestic and non-domestic animals from Argentina.
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Affiliation(s)
- L M Campero
- National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Godoy Cruz, 2290, C1033AAJ Buenos Aires, Argentina; Institute of Innovation for Agricultural Production and Sustainable Development (IPADS Balcarce), Ruta 226, km 73.5, 7620 Balcarce, Argentina
| | - W Basso
- Institute of Parasitology, Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Länggassstrasse 122, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - G Moré
- National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Godoy Cruz, 2290, C1033AAJ Buenos Aires, Argentina; Institute of Parasitology, Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Länggassstrasse 122, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - F Fiorani
- National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Godoy Cruz, 2290, C1033AAJ Buenos Aires, Argentina; Institute of Innovation for Agricultural Production and Sustainable Development (IPADS Balcarce), Ruta 226, km 73.5, 7620 Balcarce, Argentina; Faculty of Agrarian Sciences, National University of Mar del Plata (UNMdP), Ruta 226, km 73.5, 7620 Balcarce, Argentina
| | - Y P Hecker
- National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Godoy Cruz, 2290, C1033AAJ Buenos Aires, Argentina; Institute of Innovation for Agricultural Production and Sustainable Development (IPADS Balcarce), Ruta 226, km 73.5, 7620 Balcarce, Argentina; SALUVET, Animal Health Department, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - I Echaide
- National Institute of Agricultural Technology, INTA E.E.A, Rafaela, Argentina
| | - G J Cantón
- National Institute of Agricultural Technology, INTA E.E.A Balcarce, Ruta 226, km 73.5, 7620 Balcarce, Argentina
| | - K M Cirone
- Faculty of Agrarian Sciences, National University of Mar del Plata (UNMdP), Ruta 226, km 73.5, 7620 Balcarce, Argentina; National Institute of Agricultural Technology, INTA E.E.A Balcarce, Ruta 226, km 73.5, 7620 Balcarce, Argentina
| | - C M Campero
- National Institute of Agricultural Technology, INTA E.E.A Balcarce, Ruta 226, km 73.5, 7620 Balcarce, Argentina
| | - M C Venturini
- Immunoparasitology Laboratory, Veterinary Sciences Faculty, National University of La Plata, 60 and 118 s/n, 1900 La Plata, Argentina
| | - D P Moore
- National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Godoy Cruz, 2290, C1033AAJ Buenos Aires, Argentina; Institute of Innovation for Agricultural Production and Sustainable Development (IPADS Balcarce), Ruta 226, km 73.5, 7620 Balcarce, Argentina; Faculty of Agrarian Sciences, National University of Mar del Plata (UNMdP), Ruta 226, km 73.5, 7620 Balcarce, Argentina.
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Association of bovine viral diarrhea virus, bovine herpesvirus 1, and Neospora caninum with late embryonic losses in highly supplemented grazing dairy cows. Theriogenology 2022; 194:126-132. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2022.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Hecker YP, Burucúa MM, Fiorani F, Maldonado Rivera JE, Cirone KM, Dorsch MA, Cheuquepán FA, Campero LM, Cantón GJ, Marín MS, Ortega-Mora LM, Moore DP. Reactivation and Foetal Infection in Pregnant Heifers Infected with Neospora caninum Live Tachyzoites at Prepubertal Age. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10081175. [PMID: 35893824 PMCID: PMC9330614 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10081175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Neospora caninum is recognised for causing cattle abortion, provoking severe economic losses in the livestock industry worldwide. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the reactivation and foetal infection in pregnant heifers inoculated with live N. caninum tachyzoites before puberty. A total of 15 30-month-old pregnant heifers were allocated into four groups: animals inoculated with live tachyzoites of NC-Argentina LP1 isolate before puberty and challenged with live tachyzoites of NC-1 strain at 210 days of gestation (DG) (Group A); animals mock inoculated before puberty and challenged with NC-1 strain at 210 DG (Group B), animals inoculated before puberty but not subsequently challenged (Group C); and noninfected and nonchallenged animals (Group D). The results of this study showed that 100% of animals infected before puberty (Groups A and C) suffered reactivation of the infection at the seventh month of gestation. In addition, in three and two calves from Groups A and C, respectively, congenital infection was confirmed. Interestingly, we provide evidence that the use of live N. caninum tachyzoites in young animals as a strategy to induce protection is neither safe nor effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanina P. Hecker
- Instituto de Innovación para la Producción Agropecuaria y el Desarrollo Sostenible (IPADS), Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA)—Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Balcarce 7620, Argentina; (M.M.B.); (F.F.); (K.M.C.); (F.A.C.); (L.M.C.); (G.J.C.); (M.S.M.); (D.P.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +54-02266-439100 (ext. 365)
| | - Mercedes M. Burucúa
- Instituto de Innovación para la Producción Agropecuaria y el Desarrollo Sostenible (IPADS), Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA)—Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Balcarce 7620, Argentina; (M.M.B.); (F.F.); (K.M.C.); (F.A.C.); (L.M.C.); (G.J.C.); (M.S.M.); (D.P.M.)
| | - Franco Fiorani
- Instituto de Innovación para la Producción Agropecuaria y el Desarrollo Sostenible (IPADS), Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA)—Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Balcarce 7620, Argentina; (M.M.B.); (F.F.); (K.M.C.); (F.A.C.); (L.M.C.); (G.J.C.); (M.S.M.); (D.P.M.)
- Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Balcarce 7620, Argentina; (J.E.M.R.); (M.A.D.)
| | - Jaime E. Maldonado Rivera
- Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Balcarce 7620, Argentina; (J.E.M.R.); (M.A.D.)
- Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad de Cuenca, Cuenca 010205, Ecuador
| | - Karina M. Cirone
- Instituto de Innovación para la Producción Agropecuaria y el Desarrollo Sostenible (IPADS), Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA)—Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Balcarce 7620, Argentina; (M.M.B.); (F.F.); (K.M.C.); (F.A.C.); (L.M.C.); (G.J.C.); (M.S.M.); (D.P.M.)
- Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Balcarce 7620, Argentina; (J.E.M.R.); (M.A.D.)
| | - Matías A. Dorsch
- Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Balcarce 7620, Argentina; (J.E.M.R.); (M.A.D.)
- Plataforma de Investigación en Salud Animal, Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria (INIA), Estación Experimental La Estanzuela, Colonia 70000, Uruguay
| | - Felipe A. Cheuquepán
- Instituto de Innovación para la Producción Agropecuaria y el Desarrollo Sostenible (IPADS), Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA)—Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Balcarce 7620, Argentina; (M.M.B.); (F.F.); (K.M.C.); (F.A.C.); (L.M.C.); (G.J.C.); (M.S.M.); (D.P.M.)
| | - Lucía M. Campero
- Instituto de Innovación para la Producción Agropecuaria y el Desarrollo Sostenible (IPADS), Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA)—Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Balcarce 7620, Argentina; (M.M.B.); (F.F.); (K.M.C.); (F.A.C.); (L.M.C.); (G.J.C.); (M.S.M.); (D.P.M.)
| | - Germán J. Cantón
- Instituto de Innovación para la Producción Agropecuaria y el Desarrollo Sostenible (IPADS), Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA)—Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Balcarce 7620, Argentina; (M.M.B.); (F.F.); (K.M.C.); (F.A.C.); (L.M.C.); (G.J.C.); (M.S.M.); (D.P.M.)
| | - Maia S. Marín
- Instituto de Innovación para la Producción Agropecuaria y el Desarrollo Sostenible (IPADS), Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA)—Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Balcarce 7620, Argentina; (M.M.B.); (F.F.); (K.M.C.); (F.A.C.); (L.M.C.); (G.J.C.); (M.S.M.); (D.P.M.)
| | - Luis M. Ortega-Mora
- SALUVET, Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Dadín P. Moore
- Instituto de Innovación para la Producción Agropecuaria y el Desarrollo Sostenible (IPADS), Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA)—Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Balcarce 7620, Argentina; (M.M.B.); (F.F.); (K.M.C.); (F.A.C.); (L.M.C.); (G.J.C.); (M.S.M.); (D.P.M.)
- Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Balcarce 7620, Argentina; (J.E.M.R.); (M.A.D.)
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Gual I, Campero LM, Hecker YP, Regidor-Cerrillo J, Leunda MR, Odeón AC, Campero CM, Torioni de Echaide S, Echaide IE, Estein SM, Ortega-Mora LM, Moore DP. Parasitemia and Associated Immune Response in Pregnant and Non-Pregnant Beef Cows Naturally Infected With Neospora caninum. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:905271. [PMID: 35774976 PMCID: PMC9238358 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.905271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this longitudinal study was to characterize the parasitemia of Neospora caninum and the associated immunological parameters in naturally infected beef cows for 10 months. The following groups were established: Neospora caninum seropositive pregnant cows (+Preg, n = 7), seropositive non-pregnant cows (+Npreg, n = 7), seronegative pregnant cows (−Preg, n = 4), and seronegative non-pregnant cows (−Npreg, n = 4). Several samples were obtained for absolute and relative leukocyte counting, cytokines IL-10, IL-12, α-TNF, and γ-IFN quantification, specific IgG, IgG1, and IgG2 and avidity and N. caninum DNA molecular detection and quantification. The +Preg group had a higher frequency and concentration of N. caninum DNA in PBMC in the last third of pregnancy compared to +Npreg (p <0.05), with 22 and 8% of detection, respectively. Parasitemia correlated positively with IgG titers and negatively with IgG1/IgG2 ratio (p <0.05). On day 222 of the assay, the +Preg group had the lowest total leukocyte counting (p <0.05). The +Preg group had a higher concentration of IgG and higher avidity in the last third of gestation compared to +Npreg (p <0.05). Avidity correlated with total IgG and IgG2 (p <0.05). All +Preg cows gave birth to clinically healthy but seropositive calves before colostrum intake, therefore, the congenital transmission was 100% efficient. Only a complete N. caninum genotype from a placenta and a partial genotype from cow #3 of the group +Preg were achieved by multilocus microsatellite analysis. Overall, N. caninum parasitemia is frequent in seropositive beef cows during the last third of gestation. This correlates with higher antibody levels and a decrease in total leukocyte counting. The precise timing of the parasitemia may be used for diagnosis purposes and/or for design strategies to avoid vertical transmission. Further studies are needed to identify the immune molecular mechanisms that favor parasitemia during gestation in chronically infected cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignacio Gual
- Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Balcarce, Argentina
| | - Lucía María Campero
- Instituto de Innovación para la Producción Agropecuaria y el Desarrollo Sostenible (IPADS Balcarce), Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Balcarce (CONICET-INTA), Balcarce, Argentina
| | - Yanina Paola Hecker
- Instituto de Innovación para la Producción Agropecuaria y el Desarrollo Sostenible (IPADS Balcarce), Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Balcarce (CONICET-INTA), Balcarce, Argentina
| | - Javier Regidor-Cerrillo
- Grupo SALUVET, Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Rosa Leunda
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Balcarce, Balcarce, Argentina
| | - Anselmo Carlos Odeón
- Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Balcarce, Argentina
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Balcarce, Balcarce, Argentina
| | - Carlos Manuel Campero
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Balcarce, Balcarce, Argentina
| | - Susana Torioni de Echaide
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Rafaela, Rafaela, Argentina
| | - Ignacio Eduardo Echaide
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Rafaela, Rafaela, Argentina
| | - Silvia Marcela Estein
- Centro de Investigación Veterinaria Tandil, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires (CONICET-UNCPBA), Tandil, Argentina
| | - Luis Miguel Ortega-Mora
- Grupo SALUVET, Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Dadín Prando Moore
- Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Balcarce, Argentina
- Instituto de Innovación para la Producción Agropecuaria y el Desarrollo Sostenible (IPADS Balcarce), Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Balcarce (CONICET-INTA), Balcarce, Argentina
- *Correspondence: Dadín Prando Moore
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Fiorani F, Hecker YP, Cirone KM, Armendano JI, Gual I, Campero LM, Wilkowsky SE, Cobo ER, Corva PM, Morrell EL, Cantón GJ, Moore DP. Delayed-type hypersensitivity skin test against Neospora caninum in heifers with undetectable specific antibodies. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 2020; 72:101522. [PMID: 32739729 DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2020.101522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/19/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) has been used in human and veterinary medicine as a skin testing for evaluating in vivo cell-mediated immune responses (CMIR). Whereas CMIR is a key process to control intracellular pathogens, its value at identifying cattle exposed to the abortigenic intracellular coccidian parasite Neospora caninum is unknown. In this work, we have evaluated a DTH skin testing in cattle exposed to N. caninum and still seronegative. Female calves were experimentally sensitized by subcutaneous (SC) inoculation with live tachyzoites of N. caninum (NC-Argentina LP1) in sterile phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) (group A; n: 8) whereas other calveswere mock-sensitized with PBS (group B; n: 6). Two DTH skin tests were performed by intradermal inoculation with a soluble lysate of N. caninum tachyzoites (NC-Argentina LP1) in the neck region at 60d and 960 d after sensitization. Skinfold thickness at the intradermal inoculation site was measured at 0, 24, 48 h post each DTH skin test and skin biopsies taken for microscopic evaluation. Specific N. caninum antibodies kinetics was evaluated all throughthe experiment. We found that whereas N. caninum specific antibodies remained below the ELISA cut-off, a distinctive skinfold thickness increase was detected in sensitized animals (group A) at the DTH skin test site, showing induration, swelling and inflammatory infiltration. Mock sensitized animals (group B) showed no skinfold thickness growth and lacked specific antibody response. Thus, N. caninum DTH skin testing could be a useful diagnostic tool for the detection of CMIR during N. caninum infection in non-humoral responders.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Fiorani
- Institute of Innovation for Agricultural Production and Sustainable Development (IPADS), Argentina; College of Agricultural Sciences, National University of Mar Del Plata, Balcarce, 7620 Argentina
| | - Y P Hecker
- Institute of Innovation for Agricultural Production and Sustainable Development (IPADS), Argentina
| | - K M Cirone
- College of Agricultural Sciences, National University of Mar Del Plata, Balcarce, 7620 Argentina; National Institute of Agrarian Technology (INTA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - J I Armendano
- Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, National University of the Center of Buenos Aires, Tandil, 7000, Argentina
| | - I Gual
- College of Agricultural Sciences, National University of Mar Del Plata, Balcarce, 7620 Argentina
| | - L M Campero
- Institute of Innovation for Agricultural Production and Sustainable Development (IPADS), Argentina; Immunoparasitology Laboratory, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, National University of La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
| | - S E Wilkowsky
- Instituto De Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular (IABIMO) INTA - CONICET, Castelar B1712WAA, Argentina
| | - E R Cobo
- Production Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - P M Corva
- College of Agricultural Sciences, National University of Mar Del Plata, Balcarce, 7620 Argentina
| | - E L Morrell
- National Institute of Agrarian Technology (INTA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - G J Cantón
- National Institute of Agrarian Technology (INTA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - D P Moore
- Institute of Innovation for Agricultural Production and Sustainable Development (IPADS), Argentina; College of Agricultural Sciences, National University of Mar Del Plata, Balcarce, 7620 Argentina.
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8
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Campero LM, Gual I, Dellarupe A, Schares G, Moré G, Moore DP, Venturini MC. Isolation of Neospora caninum from a beef cattle fetus from Argentina: Immunopathological and molecular studies. VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY- REGIONAL STUDIES AND REPORTS 2020; 21:100438. [PMID: 32862902 DOI: 10.1016/j.vprsr.2020.100438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/19/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Neospora caninum is an important abortifacient agent affecting mainly cattle worldwide. The aim of the present work was to describe the histopathological findings in a naturally infected beef cow and its midterm fetus caused by a genetically defined N. caninum isolate in Argentina. A N. caninum seropositive multiparous Aberdeen Angus pregnant cow and its fetus in the sixth month of gestation were submitted for histopathological, immunohistochemical, serological, and molecular studies and parasite isolation. The cow belonged to a beef herd under extensive management, with a N. caninum seroprevalence of 11%, and low level of annual abortion rate (≤ 5%). The dam had mild lymphocytic infiltrate in CNS, heart and uterus and no parasites were detected by Immunohistochemistry (IHC). No parasitic DNA was detected in the dam's brain, and gamma interferon knockout mice inoculated with brain material did not become infected. Clusters of tachyzoites and parasitic DNA were detected in the placenta by IHC and PCR, respectively. However, isolation from the placenta was unsuccessful. The fetus developed specific antibodies and an inflammatory response was detected in multiple organs. Furthermore, in vitro and in vivo isolation was achieved from gamma interferon knockout mice inoculated with CNS from the fetus. Multilocus-microsatellite typing revealed a genetically defined N. caninum isolate similar to the previously reported as MLG 72. We report the first N. caninum isolate from beef cattle in Argentina.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucía María Campero
- Immunoparasitology Laboratory, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, National University of La Plata, 60 and 118 s/n, 1900 La Plata, Argentina; National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Godoy Cruz 2290, C1033AAJ Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Ignacio Gual
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, National University of Mar del Plata, Balcarce, Argentina
| | - Andrea Dellarupe
- Immunoparasitology Laboratory, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, National University of La Plata, 60 and 118 s/n, 1900 La Plata, Argentina; National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Godoy Cruz 2290, C1033AAJ Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gereon Schares
- Institute of Epidemiology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institute, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, 17493, Greifswald, Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Gastón Moré
- Immunoparasitology Laboratory, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, National University of La Plata, 60 and 118 s/n, 1900 La Plata, Argentina; National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Godoy Cruz 2290, C1033AAJ Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Dadín Prando Moore
- National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Godoy Cruz 2290, C1033AAJ Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, National University of Mar del Plata, Balcarce, Argentina
| | - María Cecilia Venturini
- Immunoparasitology Laboratory, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, National University of La Plata, 60 and 118 s/n, 1900 La Plata, Argentina
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9
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Cabrera A, Fresia P, Berná L, Silveira C, Macías-Rioseco M, Arevalo AP, Crispo M, Pritsch O, Riet-Correa F, Giannitti F, Francia ME, Robello C. Isolation and molecular characterization of four novel Neospora caninum strains. Parasitol Res 2019; 118:3535-3542. [PMID: 31701296 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-019-06474-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Neospora caninum causes neosporosis, a leading cause of bovine abortion worldwide. Uruguay is a developing economy in South America that produces milk to feed seven times its population annually. Naturally, dairy production is paramount to the country's economy, and bovine reproductive failure impacts it profoundly. Recent studies demonstrated that the vast majority of infectious abortions in dairy cows are caused by N. caninum. To delve into the local situation and contextualize it within the international standing, we set out to characterize the Uruguayan N. caninum strains. For this, we isolated four distinct strains and determined by microsatellite typing that these represent three unique genetic lineages, distinct from those reported previously in the region or elsewhere. An unbiased analysis of the current worldwide genetic diversity of N. caninum strains known, whereby six typing clusters can be resolved, revealed that three of the four Uruguayan strains group closely with regional strains from Argentina and Brazil. The remaining strain groups in an unrelated genetic cluster, suggesting multiple origins of the local strains. Microsatellite typing of N. caninum DNA from fetuses opportunistically collected from local dairy farms correlated more often with one of the isolates. Overall, our results contribute to further understanding of genetic diversity among strains of N. caninum both regionally and worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andres Cabrera
- Laboratory of Host Pathogen Interactions-UBM, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Pablo Fresia
- Bioinformatics Unit, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Luisa Berná
- Laboratory of Host Pathogen Interactions-UBM, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Caroline Silveira
- Plataforma de Salud Animal, Estación Experimental INIA La Estanzuela, Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria (INIA), Ruta 50 km 11, Colonia del Sacramento, Uruguay
| | - Melissa Macías-Rioseco
- Plataforma de Salud Animal, Estación Experimental INIA La Estanzuela, Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria (INIA), Ruta 50 km 11, Colonia del Sacramento, Uruguay
| | - Ana Paula Arevalo
- Transgenic and Experimental Animal Unit, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Martina Crispo
- Transgenic and Experimental Animal Unit, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Otto Pritsch
- Immunovirology Unit, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Montevideo, Uruguay.,Departamento de Inmunobiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Franklin Riet-Correa
- Plataforma de Salud Animal, Estación Experimental INIA La Estanzuela, Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria (INIA), Ruta 50 km 11, Colonia del Sacramento, Uruguay
| | - Federico Giannitti
- Plataforma de Salud Animal, Estación Experimental INIA La Estanzuela, Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria (INIA), Ruta 50 km 11, Colonia del Sacramento, Uruguay.,Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN, USA
| | - Maria E Francia
- Laboratory of Host Pathogen Interactions-UBM, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Montevideo, Uruguay. .,Laboratory of Apicomplexan Biology, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Montevideo, Uruguay. .,Departamento de Parasitologia y Micologia, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay.
| | - Carlos Robello
- Laboratory of Host Pathogen Interactions-UBM, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Montevideo, Uruguay. .,Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay.
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10
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Hecker YP, Regidor-Cerrillo J, Fiorani F, Horcajo P, Soria I, Gual I, Torioni S, Campero LM, Echaide IE, Álvarez-García G, Ortega-Mora LM, Zamorano PI, Venturini MC, Odeón AC, Cantón GJ, Moore DP. Immune response to Neospora caninum live tachyzoites in prepubertal female calves. Parasitol Res 2019; 118:2945-2955. [PMID: 31485864 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-019-06447-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to characterize the specific immune response in prepubertal female calves inoculated with Neospora caninum. Forty-eight N. caninum-seronegative 6-month-old Angus female calves were randomly allocated into two groups: group A calves were inoculated subcutaneously (sc) with 1 × 106 tachyzoites of the low virulence NC-Argentina LP1 isolate in sterile phosphate-buffered saline (PBS); group B calves were mock inoculated sc with sterile PBS. Calves from group A developed a specific immune response characterized by the production of IgG antibodies and the expression of IFN-γ and TNF-α cytokines. Animals did not present any febrile reaction or reactions at the site of inoculation. Although chronic N. caninum infection was developed in 50% of calves of group A after inoculation, according to the presence of antibodies against rNc-SAG4, antigen characteristic of bradyzoites, N. caninum antibodies dropped below the cut-off of ELISA from day 210 post-inoculation onwards. Future trials using the same group of inoculated animals will allow the characterization of the evolution of the immune response during pregnancy and to determine whether the immunization with the local isolate is able to prevent congenital transmission and to protect against heterologous challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanina P Hecker
- National Research Council (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina. .,National Institute of Agrarian Technology (INTA), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Javier Regidor-Cerrillo
- SALUVET, Animal Health Department, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Franco Fiorani
- National Research Council (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina.,National Institute of Agrarian Technology (INTA), Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Faculty of Agrarian Sciences, National University of Mar del Plata, Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - Pilar Horcajo
- SALUVET, Animal Health Department, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ivana Soria
- National Institute of Agrarian Technology (INTA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ignacio Gual
- National Research Council (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Faculty of Agrarian Sciences, National University of Mar del Plata, Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - Susana Torioni
- National Institute of Agrarian Technology (INTA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Lucía M Campero
- National Research Council (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Immunoparasitology Laboratory, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, National University of La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Ignacio E Echaide
- National Institute of Agrarian Technology (INTA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gema Álvarez-García
- SALUVET, Animal Health Department, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis M Ortega-Mora
- SALUVET, Animal Health Department, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Patricia I Zamorano
- National Research Council (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina.,National Institute of Agrarian Technology (INTA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María C Venturini
- Immunoparasitology Laboratory, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, National University of La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Anselmo C Odeón
- National Institute of Agrarian Technology (INTA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Germán J Cantón
- National Institute of Agrarian Technology (INTA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Dadín P Moore
- National Research Council (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina.,National Institute of Agrarian Technology (INTA), Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Faculty of Agrarian Sciences, National University of Mar del Plata, Mar del Plata, Argentina
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11
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Dellarupe A, Fitte B, Pardini L, Campero LM, Bernstein M, Robles MDR, Moré G, Venturini MC, Unzaga JM. Toxoplasma gondii and Neospora caninum infections in synanthropic rodents from Argentina. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE PARASITOLOGIA VETERINARIA 2019; 28:113-118. [DOI: 10.1590/s1984-29612019009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Abstract Toxoplasma gondii and Neospora caninum are closely related coccidian parasites (phylum Apicomplexa). This is the first study from urban synanthropic rodent species that involved serological and molecular diagnosis of T. gondii and N. caninum infection, and genotyping of T. gondii in Argentina. A total of 127 rodent samples were trap captured: Mus musculus (n = 78), Rattus norvegicus (n = 26) and Rattus rattus (n = 23). Antibodies against T. gondii and N. caninum were detected by IFAT in 32.8% (40/122) and 0.8% (1/122) of rodent samples, respectively, demonstrating contact with these protozoans. Additionally, T. gondii DNA was detected in 3.3% (4/123) of rodent central nervous system samples and 2 samples were genotyped by multilocus nPCR-RFLP. Neospora caninum DNA was not detected by PCR. The 2 genotyped samples were type III allele for all markers except for SAG-1 (type I for Rat1Arg and type II/III for Rat2Arg) and were identified as #48 and #2 (likely) according to the allele combinations reported on Toxo DB (Toxo-DB). The results of the present study revealed a wide distribution of T. gondii and less for N. caninum, in synanthropic rats and mice in the studied area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Dellarupe
- Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Argentina
| | | | - Lais Pardini
- Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Argentina
| | - Lucía María Campero
- Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Argentina
| | - Mariana Bernstein
- Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Argentina
| | | | - Gastón Moré
- Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Argentina
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12
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de Aquino Diniz LV, Minutti AF, de Souza Lima Nino B, Costa LR, Bosculo MRM, de Almeida BFM, Garcia JL, de Barros LD. Vertical transmission of Neospora caninum in bovine fetuses from a slaughterhouse in Brazil. Trop Anim Health Prod 2019; 51:1751-1755. [PMID: 30706331 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-019-01828-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Neospora caninum is considered as one of the main causes of reproductive failure in cattle. Vertical transmission is the main route of infection in the bovine host and plays an important role in maintaining the parasite in the herd. Molecular detection of N. caninum is important to determine the occurrence of the disease and to evaluate the genetic diversity of the parasite. The present study aimed at assessing the vertical transmission of N. caninum using molecular techniques to detect the parasite in tissue samples from bovine fetuses collected in a slaughterhouse in the state of São Paulo, Brazil. Seventy fetuses and 70 blood samples from pregnant cows were collected in a slaughtering line. Fresh samples of heart and brain tissue from fetuses were analyzed using molecular assays. Serum samples from fetuses and cows were subjected to an indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFAT) to detect antibodies against N. caninum. Nested PCR targeting the internal transcriber 1 (ITS1) region of the protozoan organism was used in the molecular testing. From the total of fetuses examined, 71.42% were positive for N. caninum by PCR. A higher number of heart samples (47.1%) were positive for the parasite using this technique. Antibodies against the protozoa were detected in 12.9% of serum samples of cows; 2.8% of fetuses were seropositive for this pathogen. Our results show that vertical transmission of N. caninum occurs in cattle from this region of Brazil, and that the use of different diagnostic techniques contributes to successful diagnosis of congenital transmission of the parasite in cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lanna Vivien de Aquino Diniz
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculdades Integradas de Ourinhos, Rodovia BR 153, Km 338+420m, Ourinhos, SP, 19909-100, Brazil
| | - Ana Flávia Minutti
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Laboratory of Animal Protozoology, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid, Pr 445 km 380, Londrina, PR, 86057-970, Brazil
| | - Beatriz de Souza Lima Nino
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Laboratory of Animal Protozoology, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid, Pr 445 km 380, Londrina, PR, 86057-970, Brazil
| | - Letícia Ramos Costa
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculdades Integradas de Ourinhos, Rodovia BR 153, Km 338+420m, Ourinhos, SP, 19909-100, Brazil
| | - Maria Rachel Melo Bosculo
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculdades Integradas de Ourinhos, Rodovia BR 153, Km 338+420m, Ourinhos, SP, 19909-100, Brazil
| | | | - João Luis Garcia
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Laboratory of Animal Protozoology, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid, Pr 445 km 380, Londrina, PR, 86057-970, Brazil
| | - Luiz Daniel de Barros
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculdades Integradas de Ourinhos, Rodovia BR 153, Km 338+420m, Ourinhos, SP, 19909-100, Brazil. .,Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Laboratory of Animal Protozoology, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid, Pr 445 km 380, Londrina, PR, 86057-970, Brazil.
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13
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de Barros LD, Miura AC, Minutti AF, Vidotto O, Garcia JL. Neospora caninum in birds: A review. Parasitol Int 2018; 67:397-402. [PMID: 29614327 DOI: 10.1016/j.parint.2018.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2018] [Revised: 03/04/2018] [Accepted: 03/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Neospora caninum is an obligate intracellular protozoan parasite that infects domestic and wild animals. Canids are considered to be definitive hosts since they may shed oocysts into the environment through their feces. The disease is recognized as one of the major causes of bovine abortion worldwide, leading to important economic losses in the dairy and beef cattle industries. Previous studies have reported N. caninum infection in different species of birds; infection in birds has been associated with increased seroprevalence and reproductive problems in dairy cattle. Although the role of birds in the epidemiological cycle of neosporosis is unknown, birds are exposed to infection because they feed on the ground and could thus contribute to parasite dissemination. This review is focused on the current state of knowledge of neosporosis in birds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luiz Daniel de Barros
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Laboratory of Animal Protozoology, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid, Pr 445 km 380, 86057-970 Londrina, PR, Brazil; Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculdades Integradas de Ourinhos, Rodovia BR 153, Km 338+420m, 19909-100 Ourinhos, SP, Brazil.
| | - Ana Carolina Miura
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Laboratory of Animal Protozoology, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid, Pr 445 km 380, 86057-970 Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Ana Flávia Minutti
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Laboratory of Animal Protozoology, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid, Pr 445 km 380, 86057-970 Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Odilon Vidotto
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Laboratory of Animal Protozoology, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid, Pr 445 km 380, 86057-970 Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - João Luis Garcia
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Laboratory of Animal Protozoology, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid, Pr 445 km 380, 86057-970 Londrina, PR, Brazil
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14
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Microsatellite pattern analysis of Neospora caninum from a naturally infected goat fetus. Vet Parasitol 2018; 255:58-60. [PMID: 29773137 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2018.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Revised: 03/26/2018] [Accepted: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Neospora caninum is an apicomplexan protozoan responsible for abortion in ruminants. The present study aimed to diagnose an abortion from an Anglo Nubian goat from a dairy herd located in Buenos Aires province, Argentina. The goat delivered a fetus of approximately 3 months gestation that was studied by indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFAT), Immunoblot (IB), histopathology (HP), immunohistochemistry (IHC), and molecular assays (PCR, sequencing and microsatellite genotyping). Interferon gamma knock-out mice were inoculated with a pool of tissues for isolation attempts. The mother had IFAT titers of 1:3200 and 1:400 for N. caninum and Toxoplasma gondii, respectively, as well as positive IB reactions, whereas the fetus was seronegative to both parasites by IFAT and IB. The fetus had severe multifocal necrotizing myocarditis and hepatitis, moderate interstitial pneumonia, and nephritis. Myocardium sample resulted positive by IHC, evidencing clusters of N. caninum tachyzoites within myocardiocytes associated with histopathological lesions. Neospora caninum-DNA was detected by PCR in heart, liver, lungs, kidney, and muscle from the fetus, and was negative for T. gondii by PCR. NC-5 and 18 S rRNA gene fragment sequences showed 100% identity with N. caninum. Inoculated mice bled 30 days post-inoculation resulted seronegative to N. caninum and T. gondii by IFAT, and showed no clinical signs. Multilocus-microsatellite genotyping revealed a genetic profile that differed from previously reported N. caninum genotypes, with unique MS21 and MS10 alleles. These findings indicate that N. caninum was efficiently transmitted from the mother to the fetus. We report the first case of direct detection of N. caninum in a goat fetus in Argentina and N. caninum microsatellite genotyping in naturally infected goat.
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15
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Wang S, Li L, Lu Y, Zhang H, Xie Q, Zhang Z. Seroprevalence and risk factors of Neospora caninum infection among domestic sheep in Henan province, central China. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 25:15. [PMID: 29557776 PMCID: PMC5859823 DOI: 10.1051/parasite/2018019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2017] [Accepted: 03/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to determine the frequency of antibodies to Neospora caninum in domestic sheep raised in Henan province, central China. Serum samples from 779 domestic sheep were collected from March 2015 to May 2016, and antibodies to N. caninum were evaluated using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The results showed an overall IgG positive rate of 7.32% (57/779). The risk factors significantly related to seropositivity to N. caninum in sheep were the age, the presence of dogs, and the rearing system. This is the first report of N. caninum infection and associated risk factors in domestic sheep in central China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453003, PR China
| | - Lingjuan Li
- Henan Muxiang Veterinary Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450000, PR China
| | - Yi Lu
- Animal Disease Prevention and Control Center of Xinxiang City, Xinxiang, Henan, 453003, PR China
| | - Haizhu Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453003, PR China
| | - Qing Xie
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453003, PR China
| | - Zhenchao Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453003, PR China
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16
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Locatelli Dittrich R, Regidor-Cerrillo J, Ortega-Mora LM, Oliveira Koch MD, Busch APB, Gonçalves KA, Cruz AA. Isolation of Neospora caninum from kidney and brain of a bovine foetus and molecular characterization in Brazil. Exp Parasitol 2018; 185:10-16. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2018.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2017] [Revised: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 01/02/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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17
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Fávero JF, Da Silva AS, Campigotto G, Machado G, Daniel de Barros L, Garcia JL, Vogel FF, Mendes RE, Stefani LM. Risk factors for Neospora caninum infection in dairy cattle and their possible cause-effect relation for disease. Microb Pathog 2017; 110:202-207. [PMID: 28666842 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2017.06.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2017] [Revised: 06/26/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Neospora caninum causes reproductive problems in cattle such as abortion, premature birth, retention of fetal membranes, and metritis. Therefore, this study aimed to verify possible risk factors for N. caninum infection in dairy cattle and their cause-effect relation to neosporosis. Serum samples of 1518 dairy cows from the West of Santa Catarina State, Southern Brazil were analyzed by indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA) for N. caninum, where 466 were found to be positives (30.69%-CI95%; 28.3-33.0). In addition, an epidemiological survey was conducted in order to verify possible risk factors for neosporosis and their relation to the disease. The presence of dogs in the farm was strongly associated with IFA positive results for N. caninum, and lack of history for neosporosis in the farm increased the chances of positivity in 66%. It was found a significant cause-effect relation between the occurrence of reproductive problems and the presence of antibodies against N. caninum (p = 0.05). It is possible to conclude that N. caninum is widely distributed in dairy farms of the Western part of Santa Catarina state, Brazil, and that the occurrence of reproductive problems is directly related to the disease with the presence of dogs as a risk factor for N. caninum infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juscivete F Fávero
- Graduate Program in Animal Science, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina (UDESC), Chapecó, Santa Catarina (SC), Brazil
| | - Aleksandro S Da Silva
- Graduate Program in Animal Science, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina (UDESC), Chapecó, Santa Catarina (SC), Brazil; Department of Animal Science, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina (UDESC), Chapecó, Santa Catarina (SC), Brazil.
| | - Gabriela Campigotto
- Graduate Program in Animal Science, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina (UDESC), Chapecó, Santa Catarina (SC), Brazil
| | - Gustavo Machado
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, USA
| | - Luiz Daniel de Barros
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina (UEL), Londrina, Paraná (PR), Brazil
| | - João Luis Garcia
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina (UEL), Londrina, Paraná (PR), Brazil
| | - Fernanda F Vogel
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul (RS), Brazil
| | - Ricardo E Mendes
- Laboratory of Pathology, Instituto Federal Catarinense (IFC), Concórdia, Santa Catarina (SC), Brazil
| | - Lenita M Stefani
- Graduate Program in Animal Science, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina (UDESC), Chapecó, Santa Catarina (SC), Brazil; Department of Animal Science, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina (UDESC), Chapecó, Santa Catarina (SC), Brazil
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18
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Sinnott FA, Monte LG, Collares TF, Silveira RM, Borsuk S. Review on the immunological and molecular diagnosis of neosporosis (years 2011–2016). Vet Parasitol 2017; 239:19-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2017.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2016] [Revised: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 04/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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19
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Neospora caninum abortion in a Malayan tapir (Tapirus indicus). Vet Parasitol 2017; 239:37-41. [PMID: 28495194 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2017.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2017] [Revised: 04/06/2017] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
A captive 17-year old female Malayan tapir (Tapirus indicus) aborted a fetus with a crown rump length of 19cm in early pregnancy. The fetus showed an early state of mummification. Histologically, a multifocal mononuclear encephalitis, myocarditis and periportal hepatitis was present indicating a possible protozoal cause of abortion. Although immunohistologically, Neospora (N.) caninum antigen could not be demonstrated, N. caninum DNA was detected by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) in brain, heart, liver and lung of the fetus. N. caninum DNA was extracted from the aborted fetus and the microsatellite marker MS10 was amplified by PCR and sequenced. The obtained MS10 microsatellite pattern has not been described in Germany yet. Nevertheless, the MS10 pattern was very similar to those reported for N. caninum isolated from dogs and cattle in Germany. Because of the histological pattern and extent of the lesions, neosporosis was suspected as the cause of fetal death and abortion. This case report describes for the first time transplacental transmission of N. caninum and abortion due to neosporosis in a tapir.
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20
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Silva RC, Machado GP. Canine neosporosis: perspectives on pathogenesis and management. VETERINARY MEDICINE-RESEARCH AND REPORTS 2016; 7:59-70. [PMID: 30050838 PMCID: PMC6055790 DOI: 10.2147/vmrr.s76969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Canine neosporosis is a worldwide disease caused by the obligate intracellular parasite protozoan Neospora caninum, manifesting mainly neurological symptoms. N. caninum has a heteroxenous life cycle and affects a wide range of warm-blooded animals. The domestic and wild canids are the definitive host of the parasite. They shed oocysts after ingestion of tissue cysts from infected intermediate hosts (ovine, equine, bovine, canine, and many other species), containing bradyzoites, or oocyst-contaminated water and food. The presence of dogs in farms is considered a risk factor for production animals. A wide range of diagnostic methods are currently available, but the most used is serology, ie, indirect fluorescent antibody test specific to the antibody detection in blood serum samples. No vaccine is available, but control strategies should be focused on the vertical and horizontal transmission of the parasite, ie, avoid feeding dogs with raw or undercooked meat, and taking care with water for human and animal consumption. No medicines to control the transplacental transmission are available yet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo C Silva
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS, USA,
| | - Gustavo P Machado
- Department of Internal Medicine and Surgery of Small Animals, Dr Munhoz Veterinary Hospital, Itápolis, Brazil
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