1
|
Souza GB, Santos TAC, Silva APS, Barreiros ALBS, Nardelli VB, Siqueira IB, Dolabella SS, Costa EV, Alves PB, Scher R, Fernandes RPM. Synthesis of chalcone derivatives by Claisen-Schmidt condensation and in vitro analyses of their antiprotozoal activities. Nat Prod Res 2024; 38:1326-1333. [PMID: 36331421 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2022.2140337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Chalcone is a molecule with known biological activities. Based on this, a series of chalcone derivatives bearing methyl, phenyl or furanyl substituents at different positions of A and B rings were synthesised, characterised, and evaluated regarding antiprotozoal activity. Molecules were synthesised via base catalyzed Claisen-Schmidt condensation and characterised by IR and NMR spectral data. Antiprotozoal activity against Phytomonas serpens, Leishmania amazonensis and Acanthamoeba polyphaga was performed. All compounds inhibited more than 50% of the growth of P. serpens while five had this effect on L. amazonensis and all of them no more than 35% of inhibition on A. polyphaga. Remarkably interesting antiprotozoal effects were recorded with compound 5, with IC50 of 1.59 µM for P. serpens and 11.49 µM for L. amazonensis. The addition of a naphthyl group to the B ring can be postulated to be the cause of the 10 times increase observed in its trypanocidal activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriella B Souza
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, São Cristóvão, SE, Brasil
| | - Tamiris A C Santos
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, São Cristóvão, SE, Brasil
| | - Amanda P S Silva
- Departamento de Morfologia, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, São Cristóvão, SE, Brasil
| | | | | | - Ingrid B Siqueira
- Departamento de Morfologia, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, São Cristóvão, SE, Brasil
| | - Silvio S Dolabella
- Departamento de Morfologia, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, São Cristóvão, SE, Brasil
| | - Emmanoel V Costa
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Manaus, AM, Brasil
| | - Péricles B Alves
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, São Cristóvão, SE, Brasil
| | - Ricardo Scher
- Departamento de Morfologia, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, São Cristóvão, SE, Brasil
| | - Roberta P M Fernandes
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, São Cristóvão, SE, Brasil
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Dutra Barroso Gomes N, Paula Magalhães E, Rodrigues Ribeiro L, Cavalcante JW, Morais Gomes Maia M, Cunha da Silva FR, Ali A, Machado Marinho M, Silva Marinho E, Silva Dos Santos H, Costa Martins AM, Róseo Paula Pessoa Bezerra de Menezes R. Trypanocidal potential of synthetic p-aminochalcones: In silico and in vitro evaluation. Bioorg Chem 2023; 141:106931. [PMID: 37879182 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2023.106931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
Chagas disease (CD) is a neglected tropical disease of worldwide health concern, caused by the flagellate protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi (T. cruzi), endemic in Latin America and present in North America and Europe. The WHO recommended drug for CD, benznidazole has low safety profile and several limitations. Therefore, an entity with better therapeutic potential to treat CD is required. Chalcones are an important class of compounds, which have shown antichagasic potential. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the activity of synthetic p-aminochalcones against T. cruzi. Chalcones 1 and 2 were synthesized by Claisen-Schmidt condensation and characterized by both spectroscopic and theoretical methods. Initially, they were submitted to molecular docking simulations using cruzain and trypanothione reductase (TR) enzymes. It was expected to observe the possible interactions of chalcones with the catalytic site and other important regions of these main pharmacological targets of T. cruzi. Their cytotoxicity within host cells were assessed by MTT reduction assay using LLC-MK2 cells, with CC50 = 85.6 ± 9.2 µM and 1115 ± 381.7 µM for chalcones 1 and 2, respectively. These molecules were also tested against epimastigote and trypomastigote life forms of T. cruzi, causing reduction in the number of viable parasites. For the evaluation of the effect on intracellular amastigotes, infected LLC-MK2 cells were incubated with the chalcones for 24 h, causing reduction in the percentage of infected cells and the number of amastigotes/100 cells. Finally, flow cytometry assays were performed for analyzing cell death mechanisms (7-AAD/AxPE labelling), cytoplasmic ROS accumulation (DCFH-DA assay) and mitochondrial transmembrane potential disruption (Rho123 assay). Both chalcones (1 and 2) caused membrane damage, ROS accumulation and mitochondrial depolarization. In conclusion, the synthetic p-aminochalcones presented trypanocidal effect, causing membrane damage and oxidative stress. Their mechanism of action may be related to cruzain and TR inhibition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Emanuel Paula Magalhães
- Post-Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Lyanna Rodrigues Ribeiro
- Post-Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Arif Ali
- Post-Graduate Program in Pharmacology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Márcia Machado Marinho
- Theoretical and Eletrochemical Chemistry Research Group, State University of Ceará, Limoeiro do Norte, CE, Brazil; State University of Vale do Acaraú, Center for Exact Sciences and Technology, Sobral, CE, Brazil
| | - Emmanuel Silva Marinho
- Theoretical and Eletrochemical Chemistry Research Group, State University of Ceará, Limoeiro do Norte, CE, Brazil
| | - Hélcio Silva Dos Santos
- State University of Vale do Acaraú, Center for Exact Sciences and Technology, Sobral, CE, Brazil
| | - Alice Maria Costa Martins
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Santos TAC, Silva KP, Souza GB, Alves PB, Menna-Barreto RFS, Scher R, Fernandes RPM. Chalcone Derivative Induces Flagellar Disruption and Autophagic Phenotype in Phytomonas serpens In Vitro. Pathogens 2023; 12:pathogens12030423. [PMID: 36986345 PMCID: PMC10051746 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12030423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Phytomonas serpens is a trypanosomatid phytoparasite, found in a great variety of species, including tomato plants. It is a significant problem for agriculture, causing high economic loss. In order to reduce the vegetal infections, different strategies have been used. The biological activity of molecules obtained from natural sources has been widely investigated to treat trypanosomatids infections. Among these compounds, chalcones have been shown to have anti-parasitic and anti-inflammatory effects, being described as having a remarkable activity on trypanosomatids, especially in Leishmania species. Here, we evaluated the antiprotozoal activity of the chalcone derivative (NaF) on P. serpens promastigotes, while also assessing its mechanism of action. The results showed that treatment with the derivative NaF for 24 h promotes an important reduction in the parasite proliferation (IC50/24 h = 23.6 ± 4.6 µM). At IC50/24 h concentration, the compound induced an increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and a shortening of the unique flagellum of the parasites. Electron microscopy evaluation reinforced the flagellar phenotype in treated promastigotes, and a dilated flagellar pocket was frequently observed. The treatment also promoted a prominent autophagic phenotype. An increased number of autophagosomes were detected, presenting different levels of cargo degradation, endoplasmic reticulum profiles surrounding different cellular structures, and the presence of concentric membranar structures inside the mitochondrion. Chalcone derivatives may present an opportunity to develop a treatment for the P. serpens infection, as they are easy to synthesize and are low in cost. In order to develop a new product, further studies are still necessary.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tamiris A. C. Santos
- Laboratório de Enzimologia, Departamento de Fisiologia, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, São Cristóvão 49100-000, SE, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Agricultura e Biodiversidade, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, São Cristóvão 49100-000, SE, Brazil
| | - Kleiton P. Silva
- Laboratório de Enzimologia, Departamento de Fisiologia, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, São Cristóvão 49100-000, SE, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Agricultura e Biodiversidade, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, São Cristóvão 49100-000, SE, Brazil
| | - Gabriella B. Souza
- Laboratório de Química, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, São Cristóvão 49100-000, SE, Brazil
| | - Péricles B. Alves
- Laboratório de Química, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, São Cristóvão 49100-000, SE, Brazil
| | - Rubem F. S. Menna-Barreto
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, RJ, Brazil
- Correspondence: (R.F.S.M.-B.); (R.P.M.F.)
| | - Ricardo Scher
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Agricultura e Biodiversidade, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, São Cristóvão 49100-000, SE, Brazil
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular e Imunologia do Câncer e Leishmania, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, São Cristóvão 49100-000, SE, Brazil
| | - Roberta P. M. Fernandes
- Laboratório de Enzimologia, Departamento de Fisiologia, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, São Cristóvão 49100-000, SE, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Agricultura e Biodiversidade, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, São Cristóvão 49100-000, SE, Brazil
- Correspondence: (R.F.S.M.-B.); (R.P.M.F.)
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Romeu MC, Freire PT, Ayala AP, Barreto AC, Oliveira LS, de Oliveira MR, Bandeira PN, dos Santos HS, Teixeira AM, Vasconcelos DL. Synthesis, crystal structure and ATR-FTIR, FT-Raman and UV–Vis spectroscopic analysis of dihydrochalcone (3R)-3-(4-chlorophenyl)-3-hydroxy-1-(2-hydroxyphenyl)propan-1-one. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.133516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
5
|
Solórzano ER, Pastore P, Dolmella A, Cazorla S, Cassará MLA, Sankaran SV, Thamotharan S, Gil DM. Importance of R-CH3⋯O tetrel bonding and vinyl⋯aryl stacking interactions in stabilizing the crystal packing of 2’,4’-dihydroxy-3’-methoxychalcone: Exploration of antileishmanial activity and molecular docking studies. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.133357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
6
|
Chloride substitution on 2-hydroxy-3,4,6-trimethoxyphenylchalcones improves in vitro selectivity on Trypanosoma cruzi strain Y. Chem Biol Interact 2022; 361:109920. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2022.109920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
|
7
|
Briones Nieva CA, Cid AG, Romero AI, García-Bustos MF, Villegas M, Bermúdez JM. An appraisal of the scientific current situation and new perspectives in the treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis. Acta Trop 2021; 221:105988. [PMID: 34058160 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2021.105988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 05/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Leishmaniasis is a Neglected Tropical Diseases caused by protozoan parasites of the genus Leishmania. It is a major health problem in many tropical and subtropical regions of the world and can produce three different clinical manifestations, among which cutaneous leishmaniasis has a higher incidence in the world than the other clinical forms. There are no recognized and reliable means of chemoprophylaxis or vaccination against infections with different forms of leishmaniasis. In addition, chemotherapy, unfortunately, remains, in many respects, unsatisfactory. Therefore, there is a continuing and urgent need for new therapies against leishmaniasis that are safe and effective in inducing a long-term cure. This review summarizes the latest advances in currently available treatments and improvements in the development of drug administration. In addition, an analysis of the in vivo assays was performed and the challenges facing promising strategies to treat CL are discussed. The treatment of leishmaniasis will most likely evolve into an approach that uses multiple therapies simultaneously to reduce the possibility of developing drug resistance. There is a continuous effort to discover new drugs to improve the treatment of leishmaniasis, but this is mainly at the level of individual researchers. Undoubtedly, more funding is needed in this area, as well as greater participation of the pharmaceutical industry to focus efforts on the development of chemotherapeutic agents and vaccines for this and other neglected tropical diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C A Briones Nieva
- Instituto de Investigaciones para la Industria Química, Universidad Nacional de Salta - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Av. Bolivia 5150, (4400) Salta, Argentina
| | - Alicia Graciela Cid
- Instituto de Investigaciones para la Industria Química, Universidad Nacional de Salta - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Av. Bolivia 5150, (4400) Salta, Argentina
| | - Analía Irma Romero
- Instituto de Investigaciones para la Industria Química, Universidad Nacional de Salta - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Av. Bolivia 5150, (4400) Salta, Argentina
| | - María Fernanda García-Bustos
- Instituto de Patología Experimental, Universidad Nacional de Salta - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Salta, Argentina
| | - Mercedes Villegas
- Instituto de Investigaciones para la Industria Química, Universidad Nacional de Salta - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Av. Bolivia 5150, (4400) Salta, Argentina
| | - José María Bermúdez
- Instituto de Investigaciones para la Industria Química, Universidad Nacional de Salta - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Av. Bolivia 5150, (4400) Salta, Argentina.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Recent researches in effective antileishmanial herbal compounds: narrative review. Parasitol Res 2020; 119:3929-3946. [PMID: 32803335 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-020-06787-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Leishmaniasis are neglected diseases and a public health problem; they are caused by protozoan species belonging to the genus Leishmania and mostly influences the poor populations in many developing countries. The lack of effective medications, and an approved vaccine, high toxicity and life-threatening side effects and many cases of drug resistance reported in different countries have resulted in the necessity to discover new, efficient, inexpensive, and safe antileishmanial compounds with less or no toxicity. This increase in consumer demand of natural herbal-derived plant extracts as alternative medicines continues despite the low scientific information to establish their efficacy and safety profiles. Various studies have been conducted so far concerning the application of herbal medicines for the treatment of leishmaniasis, but research on relatively effective and low toxic substances is still needed. In this review, we have summarized recent developments and reported studies concerning about herbal and naturally derived therapeutics in the treatment of leishmaniasis, conducted by several researchers worldwide. Some of these medical herbs with promising results have undergone prospective clinical researches, but many others have either not yet been explored. Recent articles described these medical herbs and their active and important molecules, including quinones, phenolic derivatives, lignans, tannins, terpenes, and oxylipins. We searched ISI Web of Science, PubMed, SID, Scholar, Scopus, and Science Direct, and articles published up to 2019 were included. The keywords of leishmaniasis and some words associated with herbal medicines and natural products were used in our search. This review can serve as a quick reference database for researchers.
Collapse
|
9
|
Structural, Vibrational and Electrochemical Analysis and Antibacterial Potential of Isomeric Chalcones Derived from Natural Acetophenone. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/app10144713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Background: Chalcones are part of a family of small phenolic compounds that are being extensively studied for presenting a diversity of molecular structures and biological activities. In this paper, two chalcones, (E)-1-(2-hydroxy-3,4,6-trimethoxyphenyl)-3-(3-nitrophenyl)prop-2-en-1-one (1), (E)-1-(2-hydroxy-3,4,6-trimethoxyphenyl)-3-(4-nitrophenyl)prop-2-en-1-one (2), were synthesized by Claisen–Schmidt condensation. Methods: The molecular structures of these chalcones were determined by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance and characterized by infrared, Raman spectroscopy, and electrochemical analysis at room temperature. Vibrational wavenumbers were predicted using Functional Density Theory (DFT) calculations, and their normal modes were analyzed in terms of potential energy distribution (PED). Besides this, DFT calculations were performed to obtain the molecular orbitals and their quantum descriptors. The UV-Vis absorption spectrum of the synthesized chalcones was measured and compared with each other. In addition, analyses of antimicrobial activity and modulation of antibiotic resistance were carried out to assess the antibacterial potential of these chalcones. Results: The vibrational spectra of polycrystalline chalcones obtained by ATR-FTIR, FT-Raman and DFT calculations allowed a complete assignment of the vibrational modes, and revealed the quantum chemical parameters. Both chalcones did not show good responses when associated with the antibiotics Ciprofloxacin and Cephalexin against S. aureus 10 and E. coli 06 strains. However, a significant potentiating of the Gentamicin activity against S. aureus 10 and E. col 06 strains was observed for chalcone 2. On the other hand, when associated with Norfloxacin, an antagonistic effect was observed. The results found for EtBr suggest that, although the tested chalcones behave as efflux pump inhibitors, probably inhibiting other efflux pumps, they were not able to inhibit NorA. Thus, these synthetic chalcones are not recommended for use in association with Norfloxacin against strains of S. aureus 1199-B that overexpress the NorA gene. Conclusions: Spectroscopic data confirmed the structure of the chalcones, and chalcone 2 showed potential as an adjuvant in antibiotic therapy.
Collapse
|
10
|
Novel indol-3-yl-thiosemicarbazone derivatives: Obtaining, evaluation of in vitro leishmanicidal activity and ultrastructural studies. Chem Biol Interact 2019; 315:108899. [PMID: 31738906 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2019.108899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Parasitic diseases still represent serious public health problems, since the high and steady emergence of resistant strains is evident. Because parasitic infections are distributed predominantly in developing countries, less toxic, more efficient, safer and more accessible drugs have become desirable in the treatment of the infected population. This is the case of leishmaniasis, an infectious disease caused by a protozoan of the genus Leishmania sp., responsible for triggering pathological processes from the simplest to the most severe forms leading to high rates of morbidity and mortality throughout the world. In the search for new leishmanicidal drugs, the thiosemicarbazones and the indole fragments have been identified as promising structures for leishmanicidal activity. The present study proposes the synthesis and structural characterization of new indole-thiosemicarbazone derivatives (2a-j), in addition to performing in vitro evaluations through cytotoxicity assays using macrophages (J774) activity against forms of Leishmania infantum and Leishmania amazonensis promastigote as well as ultrastructural analyzes in promastigotes of L. infantum. Results show that the indole-thiosemicarbazone derivatives were obtained with yield values varying from 32.09 to 94.64%. In the evaluation of cytotoxicity, the indole-thiosemicarbazone compounds presented CC50 values between 53.23 and 357.97 μM. Concerning the evaluation against L. amazonensis promastigote forms, IC50 values ranged between 12.31 and > 481.52 μM, while the activity against L. infantum promastigotes obtained IC50 values between 4.36 and 23.35 μM. The compounds 2d and 2i tested against L. infantum were the most promising in the series, as they showed the lowest IC50 values: 5.60 and 4.36 respectively. The parasites treated with the compounds 2d and 2i showed several structural alterations, such as shrinkage of the cell body, shortening and loss of the flagellum, intense mitochondrial swelling and vacuolization of the cytoplasm leading the parasite to cellular unviability. Therefore, the indole-thiosemicarbazone compounds are promising because they yield considerable synthesis, have low cytotoxicity to mammalian cells and act as leishmanicidal agents.
Collapse
|
11
|
The effects of trans-chalcone and chalcone 4 hydrate on the growth of Babesia and Theileria. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2019; 13:e0007030. [PMID: 31125333 PMCID: PMC6534319 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0007030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chemotherapy is a principle tool for the control and prevention of piroplasmosis. The search for a new chemotherapy against Babesia and Theileria parasites has become increasingly urgent due to the toxic side effects of and developed resistance to the current drugs. Chalcones have attracted much attention due to their diverse biological activities. With the aim to discover new drugs and drug targets, in vitro and in vivo antibabesial activity of trans-chalcone (TC) and chalcone 4 hydrate (CH) alone and combined with diminazene aceturate (DA), clofazimine (CF) and atovaquone (AQ) were investigated. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS The fluorescence-based assay was used for evaluating the inhibitory effect of TC and CH on four Babesia species, including B. bovis, B. bigemina, B. divergens, B. caballi, and T. equi, the combination with DA, CF, and AQ on in vitro cultures, and on the multiplication of a B. microti-infected mouse model. The cytotoxicity of compounds was tested on Madin-Darby bovine kidney (MDBK), mouse embryonic fibroblast (NIH/3T3), and human foreskin fibroblast (HFF) cell lines. The half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values of TC and CH against B. bovis, B. bigemina, B. divergens, B. caballi, and T. equi were 69.6 ± 2.3, 33.3 ± 1.2, 64.8 ± 2.5, 18.9 ± 1.7, and 14.3 ± 1.6 μM and 138.4 ± 4.4, 60.9 ± 1.1, 82.3 ± 2.3, 27.9 ± 1.2, and 19.2 ± 1.5 μM, respectively. In toxicity assays, TC and CH affected the viability of MDBK, NIH/3T3, and HFF cell lines the with half maximum effective concentration (EC50) values of 293.9 ± 2.9, 434.4 ± 2.7, and 498 ± 3.1 μM and 252.7 ± 1.7, 406.3 ± 9.7, and 466 ± 5.7 μM, respectively. In the mouse experiment, TC reduced the peak parasitemia of B. microti by 71.8% when administered intraperitoneally at 25 mg/kg. Combination therapies of TC-DA and TC-CF were more potent against B. microti infection in mice than their monotherapies. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE In conclusion, both TC and CH inhibited the growth of Babesia and Theileria in vitro, and TC inhibited the growth of B. microti in vivo. Therefore, TC and CH could be candidates for the treatment of piroplasmosis after further studies.
Collapse
|
12
|
A comprehensive review of chalcone derivatives as antileishmanial agents. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 150:920-929. [PMID: 29602038 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.03.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2017] [Revised: 02/24/2018] [Accepted: 03/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Leishmaniasis is a group of infectious neglected tropical diseases caused by more than 20 pathogenic species of Leishmania sp. Due to the limitations of the current treatments available, chalcone moiety has been drawn with a lot of attention due to the simple chemistry and synthesis, being reported with antileishmanial activity in particular against amastigote form. This review aims to provide an overview towards antileishmanial activity of chalcones derivatives against amastigote form for Leishmania major, L. amazonensis, L. panamensis, L. donovani and L. infantum as well as their structure-activity relationship (SAR), molecular targets and in silico ADMET evaluation. In this way, it is expected that this review may support the research and development of new promising chalcones candidates a leishmanicidal drugs.
Collapse
|
13
|
Andrade CG, Figueiredo RCBQ, Ribeiro KRC, Souza LIO, Sarmento-Neto JF, Rebouças JS, Santos BS, Ribeiro MS, Carvalho LB, Fontes A. Photodynamic effect of zinc porphyrin on the promastigote and amastigote forms ofLeishmania braziliensis. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2018; 17:482-490. [DOI: 10.1039/c7pp00458c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Zn(ii)meso-tetrakis(N-ethylpyridinium-2-yl)porphyrin was applied in the photodynamic inactivation ofLeishmania braziliensis, leading to considerable cell damage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C. G. Andrade
- Laboratório de Imunopatologia Keizo Asami
- Universidade Federal de Pernambuco
- Recife
- Brazil
| | - R. C. B. Q. Figueiredo
- Departamento de Microbiologia
- Instituto Aggeu Magalhães – Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (IAM-FIOCRUZ)
- Recife
- Brazil
| | - K. R. C. Ribeiro
- Departamento de Parasitologia
- Instituto Aggeu Magalhães – Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (IAM-FIOCRUZ)
- Recife
- Brazil
| | - L. I. O. Souza
- Departamento de Microbiologia
- Instituto Aggeu Magalhães – Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (IAM-FIOCRUZ)
- Recife
- Brazil
| | | | - J. S. Rebouças
- Departamento de Química
- Universidade Federal da Paraíba
- João Pessoa
- Brazil
| | - B. S. Santos
- Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas
- Universidade Federal de Pernambuco
- Recife
- Brazil
| | - M. S. Ribeiro
- Centro de Lasers e Aplicações
- IPEN-CNEN/SP
- São Paulo
- Brazil
| | - L. B. Carvalho
- Laboratório de Imunopatologia Keizo Asami
- Universidade Federal de Pernambuco
- Recife
- Brazil
| | - A. Fontes
- Departamento de Biofísica e Radiobiologia
- Universidade Federal de Pernambuco
- Recife
- Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Bioguided study of the in vitro parasitocidal effect on adult Hymenolepis nana of the Psidium sartorianum (O. Berg Nied.) fruit methanol extract. Med Chem Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-017-1983-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
15
|
Tajuddeen N, Isah MB, Suleiman MA, van Heerden FR, Ibrahim MA. The chemotherapeutic potential of chalcones against leishmaniases: a review. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2017; 51:311-318. [PMID: 28668673 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2017.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2017] [Revised: 06/06/2017] [Accepted: 06/17/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Leishmaniases are endemic diseases in tropical and sub-tropical regions of the world and are considered by the World Health Organization (WHO) to be among the six most important neglected tropical diseases. The current therapeutic arsenal against the disease is associated with a series of chemotherapeutic setbacks. However, since the early 1990s, naturally occurring chalcones with promising antileishmanial effects have been reported, and several other synthetic chalcones and chalcone-hybrid molecules have been confirmed to possess potent activity against various Leishmania species. This paper is a comprehensive review covering the antileishmanial activity of 34 naturally occurring chalcones, 224 synthetic/semisynthetic chalcones and 54 chalcone-hybrid molecules. Several chalcones in the synthetic/semisynthetic category had IC50 values < 5 µM, with very good selectivity against parasites, and the structure-activity relationships as well as the proposed mechanism of action are discussed. We identified knowledge-gaps with the hope of providing future direction for the discovery of novel antileishmanial drugs from chalcones.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nasir Tajuddeen
- Department of Chemistry, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
| | | | | | - Fanie R van Heerden
- School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X01, Scottsville 3209, South Africa
| | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Jaramillo S, Muriana FJ, Guillen R, Jimenez-Araujo A, Rodriguez-Arcos R, Lopez S. Saponins from edible spears of wild asparagus inhibit AKT, p70S6K, and ERK signalling, and induce apoptosis through G0/G1 cell cycle arrest in human colon cancer HCT-116 cells. J Funct Foods 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2016.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
|