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Khalid SA, Abd Algaffar S, Tajuddeen N, Lombe BK, Bringmann G. Naphthylisoquinoline alkaloids: novel agents against the causative pathogens of eumycetoma and actinomycetoma- en route to broad-spectrum antimycetomal drugs. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2024; 68:e0161223. [PMID: 38602413 PMCID: PMC11064494 DOI: 10.1128/aac.01612-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Mycetoma is a devastating neglected tropical infection of the subcutaneous tissues. It is caused by fungal and bacterial pathogens recognized as eumycetoma and actinomycetoma, respectively. Mycetoma treatment involves diagnosing the causative microorganism as a prerequisite to prescribing a proper medication. Current therapy of fungal eumycetoma causative agents, such as Madurella mycetomatis, consists of long-term antifungal medication with itraconazole followed by surgery, yet with usually unsatisfactory clinical outcomes. Actinomycetoma, on the contrary, usually responds to treatment with co-trimoxazole and amikacin. Therefore, there is a pressing need to discover novel broad-spectrum antimicrobial agents to circumvent the time-consuming and costly diagnosis. Using the resazurin assay, a series of 23 naphthylisoquinoline (NIQ) alkaloids and related naphthoquinones were subjected to in vitro screening against two fungal strains of M. mycetomatis and three bacterial strains of Actinomadura madurae and A. syzygii. Seven NIQs, mostly dimers, showed promising in vitro activities against at least one strain of the mycetoma-causative pathogens, while the naphthoquinones did not show any activity. A synthetic NIQ dimer, 8,8'''-O,O-dimethylmichellamine A (18), inhibited all tested fungal and bacterial strains (IC50 = 2.81-12.07 µg/mL). One of the dimeric NIQs, michellamine B (14), inhibited a strain of M. mycetomatis and significantly enhanced the survival rate of Galleria mellonella larvae infected with M. mycetomatis at concentrations of 1 and 4 µg/mL, without being toxic to the uninfected larvae. As a result, broad-spectrum dimeric NIQs like 14 and 18 with antimicrobial activity are considered hit compounds that could be worth further optimization to develop novel lead antimycetomal agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sami Ahmed Khalid
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Science and Technology, Omdurman, Sudan
| | | | - Nasir Tajuddeen
- Department of Chemistry, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
| | - Blaise Kimbadi Lombe
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
- Faculty of Sciences, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Gerhard Bringmann
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
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2
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Isah M, Murtala S, Abdullahi SM, Hamza AN, Tajuddeen N, Dauda ML, Mzozoyana V, Musa AM. A bioactive chalcone from the aerial parts of Indigofera conferta Gillet. Nat Prod Res 2023; 37:3631-3638. [PMID: 35848389 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2022.2098493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Ethnobotanical information indicates that Indigofera conferta is used in northern Nigeria for the management of poisonous snakebites and the methanol extract was previously reported to have antivenin activity. In this study, we report the isolation of an oxyprenylated bioactive secondary metabolite; 2',4'- dihydroxy-4-prenyloxychalcone from the chloroform fraction of the aerial parts of the plant's methanol extract and the in vivo evaluation of the compound against Naja nigricollis venom. The compound has demonstrated significant (p < 0.05) and dose-dependent antivenin activity against LD99 Naja nigricollis venom. At a dose of 10 mg/kg, the compound protected 60% of the animals tested from death. The observed activity lends credence to the traditional use of the plant in the management of snake bites in northern Nigeria. The compound, 2',4'- dihydroxy-4-prenyloxychalcone, could also serve as a lead in the development of novel antisnake venom agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Isah
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
| | - Salima Murtala
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
| | - Sakynah Musa Abdullahi
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
| | - Asmau Nasiru Hamza
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
| | - Nasir Tajuddeen
- Department of Chemistry, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
| | | | - Vuyisa Mzozoyana
- School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville, Durban, South Africa
| | - Aliyu Muhammad Musa
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
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Tajuddeen N, Fayez S, Kushwaha PP, Feineis D, Aké Assi L, Kumar S, Bringmann G. Ancistrobrevinium A, the first N-methylated, cationic naphthylisoquinoline alkaloid, from the tropical liana Ancistrocladus abbreviatus (Ancistrocladaceae). Nat Prod Res 2023:1-5. [PMID: 36987744 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2023.2194648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
Ancistrobrevinium A (1) is the first N-methylated and non-hydrogenated, and thus cationic naphthylisoquinoline alkaloid. It was discovered in the root bark extract of the phytochemically productive West African liana Ancistrocladus abbreviatus (Ancistrocladaceae). Its constitution was elucidated by HR-ESI-MS and 1D and 2D NMR. Due to the steric hindrance in the proximity of the linkage between the naphthalene and isoquinoline parts, the biaryl axis is rotationally hindered. It thus constitutes a stable element of chirality - the only one in the new alkaloid since, different from most other naphthylisoquinoline alkaloids, it has no stereogenic centers. The axial configuration of 1 was assigned by electronic circular dichroism (ECD) investigations, which gave a positive couplet, indicating a 'positive chirality', here corresponding to a P-configuration. Ancistrobrevinium A (1) showed a weak cytotoxic activity against A549 lung cancer cells (IC50 = 50.6 μM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasir Tajuddeen
- Department of Chemistry, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
| | - Shaimaa Fayez
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain-Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Prem Prakash Kushwaha
- Molecular Signaling & Drug Discovery Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Central University of Punjab, Punjab, India
| | - Doris Feineis
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Laurent Aké Assi
- Centre National de Floristique, Université d'Abidjan, Conservatoire et Jardin Botanique, Ivory Coast
| | - Shashank Kumar
- Molecular Signaling & Drug Discovery Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Central University of Punjab, Punjab, India
| | - Gerhard Bringmann
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
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Li J, Tajuddeen N, Feineis D, Mudogo V, Kaiser M, Seo EJ, Efferth T, Bringmann G. Jozibrevine D from Ancistrocladus ileboensis, the fifth alkaloid in a series of six possible atropo-diastereomeric naphthylisoquinoline dimers, showing antiparasitic and antileukemic activities. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2023; 86:129258. [PMID: 36972793 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2023.129258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 03/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
A new dimeric naphthylisoquinoline alkaloid, jozibrevine D (4e), was isolated from the Central-African liana Ancistrocladus ileboensis. It is a Dioncophyllaceae-type metabolite, being R-configured at C-3 and lacking an oxygen function at C-6 in both isoquinoline moieties. The two identical monomers of jozibrevine D are symmetrically linked via the sterically constrained 3',3''-positions of the naphthalene units so that the central biaryl linkage is rotationally hindered and the alkaloid is, thus, C2-symmetric. With the two outer biaryl bonds being chiral, too, 4e possesses three consecutive stereogenic axes. The absolute stereostructure of the new compound was assigned by 1D and 2D NMR, ruthenium-mediated oxidative degradation, and electronic circular dichroism (ECD) spectroscopy. Jozibrevine D (4e) is the fifth discovered isomer in a series of six possible natural atropo-diastereomeric dimers. It shows potent, and selective, antiprotozoal activity against P. falciparum (IC50 = 0.14 μM), and it also exhibits good cytotoxic activities against drug-sensitive acute lymphoblastic CCRF-CEM leukemia cells (IC50 = 11.47 μM) and their multidrug-resistant CEM/ADR5000 subline (IC50 = 16.61 μM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Li
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany; Key Laboratory of Plant Resources and Chemistry of Arid Zone, Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 830011 Urumqui, People's Republic of China
| | - Nasir Tajuddeen
- Department of Chemistry, Ahmadu Bello University, 810107 Zaria, Nigeria
| | - Doris Feineis
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Virima Mudogo
- Faculté des Sciences, Université de Kinshasa, B.P. 202, Kinshasa XI, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Marcel Kaiser
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Kreuzstrasse 2, CH-4123 Allschwil, Switzerland; University of Basel, Petersplatz 1, CH-4003 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ean-Jeong Seo
- Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 5, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Thomas Efferth
- Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 5, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Gerhard Bringmann
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany.
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Fayez S, Cacciatore A, Maneenet J, Nguyen HH, Tajuddeen N, Feineis D, Assi LA, Awale S, Bringmann G. Dioncophyllidine E: The first configurationally semi-stable, 7,3'-coupled naphthyldihydroisoquinoline alkaloid, from Ancistrocladus abbreviatus, with antiausterity activity against PANC-1 human pancreatic cancer cells. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2023; 86:129234. [PMID: 36905967 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2023.129234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023]
Abstract
The discovery of a new naphthylisoquinoline alkaloid, dioncophyllidine E (4), from the tropical liana Ancistrocladus abbreviatus (Ancistrocladaceae) is described. Due to its rare 7,3'-coupling type, combined with the lack of an oxygen function at C-6, it is configurationally semi-stable at the biaryl axis, and thus occurs as a pair of slowly interconverting atropo-diastereomers, 4a and 4b. Its constitution was assigned mainly by 1D and 2D NMR. The absolute configuration at the stereocenter, C-3, was elucidated by oxidative degradation. The absolute axial configuration of the individual atropo-diastereomers was established by their HPLC resolution, combined with online electronic circular dichroism (ECD) investigations, providing nearly mirror-imaged LC-ECD spectra. These were assigned to the respective atropisomers by ECD comparison with a related, but configurationally stable alkaloid, ancistrocladidine (5). Dioncophyllidine E (4a/4b) exhibits a strong preferential cytotoxicity against PANC-1 human pancreatic cancer cells under nutrient-deprived conditions, with a PC50 value of 7.4 µM, suggesting its potential as an agent against pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaimaa Fayez
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain-Shams University, 11566 Cairo, Egypt; Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Alessia Cacciatore
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Juthamart Maneenet
- Natural Drug Discovery Laboratory, Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Hung Hong Nguyen
- Natural Drug Discovery Laboratory, Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Nasir Tajuddeen
- Department of Chemistry, Ahmadu Bello University, 810107 Zaria, Nigeria
| | - Doris Feineis
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Laurent Aké Assi
- Centre National de Floristique, Université d'Abidjan, Conservatoire et Jardin Botanique, Abidjan 08, Cote d'Ivoire
| | - Suresh Awale
- Natural Drug Discovery Laboratory, Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194, Japan.
| | - Gerhard Bringmann
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany.
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Sayed AM, Ibrahim AH, Tajuddeen N, Seibel J, Bodem J, Geiger N, Striffler K, Bringmann G, Abdelmohsen UR. Korupensamine A, but not its atropisomer, korupensamine B, inhibits SARS-CoV-2 in vitro by targeting its main protease (M pro). Eur J Med Chem 2023; 251:115226. [PMID: 36893625 PMCID: PMC9972725 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Abstract
By combining docking and molecular dynamics simulations, we explored a library of 65 mostly axially chiral naphthylisoquinoline alkaloids and their analogues, with most different molecular architectures and structural analogues, for their activity against SARS-CoV-2. Although natural biaryls are often regarded without consideration of their axial chirality, they can bind to protein targets in an atroposelective manner. By combining docking results with steered molecular dynamics simulations, we identified one alkaloid, korupensamine A, that atropisomer-specifically inhibited the main protease (Mpro) activity of SARS-CoV-2 significantly in comparison to the reference covalent inhibitor GC376 (IC50 = 2.52 ± 0.14 and 0.88 ± 0.15 μM, respectively) and reduced viral growth by five orders of magnitude in vitro (EC50 = 4.23 ± 1.31 μM). To investigate the binding pathway and mode of interaction of korupensamine A within the active site of the protease, we utilized Gaussian accelerated molecular dynamics simulations, which reproduced the docking pose of korupensamine A inside the active site of the enzyme. The study presents naphthylisoquinoline alkaloids as a new class of potential anti-COVID-19 agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed M Sayed
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Nahda University, Beni-Suef, 62513, Egypt
| | - Alyaa Hatem Ibrahim
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Sohag University, Sohag, 82524, Egypt
| | - Nasir Tajuddeen
- Department of Chemistry, Ahmadu Bello University, 15 Sokoto Road Samaru, Zaria, 810107, Nigeria
| | - Jürgen Seibel
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Jochen Bodem
- Institute of Virology and Immunobiology, University of Würzburg, Versbacher Str. 7, 97078, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Nina Geiger
- Institute of Virology and Immunobiology, University of Würzburg, Versbacher Str. 7, 97078, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Kathrin Striffler
- Institute of Virology and Immunobiology, University of Würzburg, Versbacher Str. 7, 97078, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Gerhard Bringmann
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany.
| | - Usama Ramadan Abdelmohsen
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia, 61519, Egypt; Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Deraya University, Universities Zone, New Minia City, 61111, Egypt.
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Idoko VO, Sulaiman MA, Adamu RM, Abdullahi AD, Tajuddeen N, Mohammed A, Inuwa HM, Ibrahim MA. Evaluating Khaya senegalensis for Dipeptidyl Peptidase-IV Inhibition Using in Vitro Analysis and Molecular Dynamic Simulation of Identified Bioactive Compounds. Chem Biodivers 2023; 20:e202200909. [PMID: 36565063 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202200909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-IV) inhibitory activity of Khaya senegalensis extracts was evaluated. The DPP-IV from a rat kidney was purified to a purification fold of 2.3. Among extracts from K. senegalensis, the hexane extract had the best DPP-IV inhibitory activity, with IC50 value of 1.56±0.61 μg/mL and was fractionated to eleven fractions (A-K). Fraction I had the best DPP-IV inhibition via uncompetitive pattern. GC-MS analysis of fraction I showed that the major bioactive compounds were 3-amino-3-hydroxyimino-N-phenylpropanamide (1) and 11-(2-cyclopenten-1-yl)undecanoic acid (2), with good binding affinities toward DPP-IV, based on molecular docking,. They were then subjected to molecular dynamic simulation using WEBGRO and utilizing a GROMACS system for 100 ns. The 3-amino-3-hydroxyimino-N-phenylpropanamide-DPP-IV complex was more stable and compact than the other complex. K. senegalensis contains compounds like 1 that might be used for the design of new DPP-IV inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mohammed Aliyu Sulaiman
- Department of Biochemistry, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria 80001, Nigeria
- Department of Biochemistry, Modibbo Adama University of Technology, Yola, Nigeria
| | - Rahma Muhammad Adamu
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering and Technology, Sharda University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201310, India
| | | | - Nasir Tajuddeen
- Department of Chemistry, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria 80001, Nigeria
| | - Aminu Mohammed
- Department of Biochemistry, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria 80001, Nigeria
| | - Hajiya Mairo Inuwa
- Department of Biochemistry, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria 80001, Nigeria
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Tajuddeen N, Swart T, Hoppe HC, van Heerden FR. Phytochemical, Antiplasmodial, and Cytotoxic Investigation of Euclea natalensis A.DC. subsp. natalensis Leaves. Chem Biodivers 2022; 19:e202200150. [PMID: 36253138 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202200150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Previous research shows that the root and bark extracts of Euclea natalensis have antiplasmodial activity, but the leaves have not been examined yet. This study investigated the phytochemical, antiplasmodial, and cytotoxic properties of the plant leaves. The activity against 3D7 Plasmodium falciparum was determined using the parasite lactate dehydrogenase assay, and the cytotoxicity against Vero and HeLa cells was evaluated using the MTT and resazurin assays, respectively. The bioactive compounds were isolated by chromatography, and their structures were established with spectroscopic and spectrometric techniques. The extract showed antiplasmodial activity (IC50 =25.6 μg/mL) and was not cytotoxic against Vero cells (IC50 =403.7 μg/mL). Purification of the extract afforded six flavonoid glycosides, four triterpenoids, and a coumarin. The glycosides showed antiplasmodial and cytotoxic activities, against HeLa cells, at 50 μg/mL, but the activity was reduced at 10 μg/mL. Naphthoquinones, which are among the predominant phytochemicals in the root and root bark of E. natalensis, were not detected in the leaves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasir Tajuddeen
- School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X01, Scottsville, 3209, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa
| | - Tarryn Swart
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, 6140, South Africa
| | - Heinrich C Hoppe
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, 6140, South Africa
| | - Fanie R van Heerden
- School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X01, Scottsville, 3209, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa
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Abstract
The naphthylisoquinoline (NIQ) alkaloids are a thrilling class of natural biaryls─structurally, biosynthetically, and pharmacologically. A common feature of these metabolites is the biaryl bond between their naphthalene and isoquinoline moieties, which in most cases is rotationally hindered, leading to the phenomenon of axial chirality. Depending on their individual structures, including the respective axial configurations, NIQs show promising bioactivities. Their total synthesis is a challenging but rewarding goal, with the stereocontrolled construction of the biaryl linkage as the key step.The position of the biaryl axis and its configuration determine the overall molecular shape and thus the choice of the best possible method for efficient asymmetric aryl-aryl bond formation. The axis in NIQs can cover a broad range of steric hindrance, from freely rotating to configurationally stable. For dioncophylline B (1) and dioncophylline F (2a/b), with only two ortho-substituents next to the axis, the synthesis is easy to accomplish by direct coupling of the intact naphthalene moiety with the isoquinoline unit, and no atropo-selectivity is required.Naphthylisoquinolines with a configurationally stable biaryl axis are the focus of the present Account. They are more difficult to synthesize because, in addition to the problem of decreased chemical yields with increasing steric hindrance at the axis, the synthesis needs to proceed stereoselectively. Within this class of NIQs, 5,8'-coupled representatives, such as korupensamine A (3a), have received considerable synthetic attention because the rotational barrier is high enough for the existence of atropisomerism without being too excessive, and they show potent bioactivities. Their synthesis, as systematically presented herein, thus occupies a central role in this report. For their aryl-aryl bond formation, both intra- and intermolecular approaches can be successfully applied. Axial stereoinformation is introduced by internal asymmetric induction from stereogenic elements already present in the isoquinoline or its precursors, from chiral auxiliary elements artificially introduced, or by external asymmetric induction using chiral catalysts.To overcome even higher steric hindrance, as in ancistrocladine (4a), innovative approaches were developed. A most successful strategy is the "lactone concept" developed by the Bringmann group, which allows the directed synthesis of any desired atropisomer in high chemical and optical yields, thus permitting the atropo-divergent preparation of the two isomers from a single joint precursor. In this approach, the two formal tasks of stereoselective biaryl synthesis, which are usually done simultaneously─the C-C linkage and the asymmetric induction─are achieved consecutively. The coupling step is performed intramolecularly after prefixation of the coupling partners by an ester bridge. The resulting biaryl lactone already possesses the biaryl axis but is still configurationally unstable; it can then, with internal or external asymmetric induction, be cleaved atropo-divergently with high stereoselectivities. Besides its unique concept, the procedure excels by its broad applicability; among all presented methods, it has been used for the synthesis of the largest number of NIQs, more than 20 representatives, including those with the highest steric hindrance.This Account gives comprehensive insight into the plethora of conceptual approaches for the efficient formation of the hindered biaryl bond of NIQs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasir Tajuddeen
- Department of Chemistry, Ahmadu Bello University, 15 Sokoto Road Samaru, 810107 Zaria, Nigeria
| | - Doris Feineis
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Heiko Ihmels
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, University of Siegen, Adolf-Reichwein-Str. 2, 57068 Siegen, Germany
| | - Gerhard Bringmann
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
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Tajuddeen N, Swart T, Hoppe HC, van Heerden FR. Antiplasmodial Activity of Vachellia xanthophloea (Benth.) P.J.H. Hurter (African Fever Tree) and Its Constituents. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15040470. [PMID: 35455467 PMCID: PMC9033093 DOI: 10.3390/ph15040470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Vachellia xanthophloea is used in Zulu traditional medicine as an antimalarial remedy. A moderate antiplasmodial activity was previously reported for extracts of the plant against D10 Plasmodium falciparum. This study aimed to identify the phytochemicals responsible for the antiplasmodial activity of the leaf extract. The compounds were isolated by chromatography and their structures were determined using spectroscopic and spectrometric methods. The antiplasmodial activity was evaluated using a parasite lactate dehydrogenase assay and cytotoxicity was determined using a resazurin assay. The ethyl acetate fraction inhibited P. falciparum with IC50 = 10.6 µg/mL and showed minimal cytotoxicity (98% cell viability at 33 µg/mL). The chromatographic purification of this fraction afforded sixteen compounds, including two new flavonoids. A 1:1 mixture of phytol and lupeol was also isolated from the hexane fraction. All the compounds were reported from V. xanthophloea for the first time. Among the isolated metabolites, methyl gallate displayed the best activity against P. falciparum (IC50 = 1.2 µg/mL), with a 68% viability of HeLa cells at 10 µg/mL. Therefore, methyl gallate was responsible for the antiplasmodial activity of the V. xanthophloea leaf extract and its presence in the leaf extract might account for the folkloric use of the plant as an antimalarial remedy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasir Tajuddeen
- School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X01, Scottsville 3209, South Africa;
| | - Tarryn Swart
- Department of Biochemistry & Microbiology, Rhodes University, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa; (T.S.); (H.C.H.)
| | - Heinrich C. Hoppe
- Department of Biochemistry & Microbiology, Rhodes University, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa; (T.S.); (H.C.H.)
| | - Fanie R. van Heerden
- School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X01, Scottsville 3209, South Africa;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +27-82-823-8642
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Abdulrashid NI, Aminu S, Adamu RM, Tajuddeen N, Isah MB, Jatau ID, Aliyu AB, Simelane MBC, Onyike E, Ibrahim MA. Phloroglucinol as a Potential Candidate against Trypanosoma congolense Infection: Insights from In Vivo, In Vitro, Molecular Docking and Molecular Dynamic Simulation Analyses. Molecules 2022; 27:469. [PMID: 35056785 PMCID: PMC8781988 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27020469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Sub-Saharan Africa is profoundly challenged with African Animal Trypanosomiasis and the available trypanocides are faced with drawbacks, necessitating the search for novel agents. Herein, the chemotherapeutic potential of phloroglucinol on T. congolense infection and its inhibitory effects on the partially purified T. congolense sialidase and phospholipase A2 (PLA2) were investigated. Treatment with phloroglucinol for 14 days significantly (p < 0.05) suppressed T. congolense proliferation, increased animal survival and ameliorated anemia induced by the parasite. Using biochemical and histopathological analyses, phloroglucinol was found to prevent renal damages and splenomegaly, besides its protection against T. congolense-associated increase in free serum sialic acids in infected animals. Moreover, the compound inhibited bloodstream T. congolense sialidase via mixed inhibition pattern with inhibition binding constant (Ki) of 0.181 µM, but a very low uncompetitive inhibitory effects against PLA2 (Ki > 9000 µM) was recorded. Molecular docking studies revealed binding energies of -4.9 and -5.3 kcal/mol between phloroglucinol with modeled sialidase and PLA2 respectively, while a 50 ns molecular dynamics simulation using GROMACS revealed the sialidase-phloroglucinol complex to be more compact and stable with higher free binding energy (-67.84 ± 0.50 kJ/mol) than PLA2-phloroglucinol complex (-77.17 ± 0.52 kJ/mol), based on MM-PBSA analysis. The sialidase-phloroglucinol complex had a single hydrogen bond interaction with Ser453 while none was observed for the PLA2-phloroglucinol complex. In conclusion, phloroglucinol showed moderate trypanostatic activity with great potential in ameliorating some of the parasite-induced pathologies and its anti-anemic effects might be linked to inhibition of sialidase rather than PLA2.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Suleiman Aminu
- Department of Biochemistry, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria 810241, Nigeria; (N.I.A.); (S.A.); (E.O.)
| | - Rahma Muhammad Adamu
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering and Technology, Sharda University, Greater Noida 201310, India;
| | - Nasir Tajuddeen
- Department of Chemistry, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria 810241, Nigeria; (N.T.); (A.B.A.)
| | - Murtala Bindawa Isah
- Department of Biochemistry, Umaru Musa Yar’adua University, Katsina 820241, Nigeria;
| | - Isa Danladi Jatau
- Department of Veterinary Parasitology and Entomology, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria 810241, Nigeria;
| | - Abubakar Babando Aliyu
- Department of Chemistry, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria 810241, Nigeria; (N.T.); (A.B.A.)
| | | | - Elewechi Onyike
- Department of Biochemistry, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria 810241, Nigeria; (N.I.A.); (S.A.); (E.O.)
| | - Mohammed Auwal Ibrahim
- Department of Biochemistry, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria 810241, Nigeria; (N.I.A.); (S.A.); (E.O.)
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12
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Abstract
Previous results indicated that the methanol extract of Gardenia thunbergia has antiplasmodial activity but no compounds have ever been isolated from the plant. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the phytochemical and antiplasmodial properties of the plant. The methanol leaf extract of G. thunbergia inhibited Plasmodium falciparum at 50 µg/mL (> 80% inhibition) and was not cytotoxic against HeLa cells. Chromatographic purification of the extract afforded a new saponin and eight other known compounds. The saponin and two flavonoid glycosides displayed non-selective antiplasmodial activity at 50 µg/mL but the activities were diminished at 10 µg/mL. The presence of the isolated compounds in the leaf extract of G. thunbergia could account for the folkloric use of the plant in treating malaria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasir Tajuddeen
- School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa
| | - Tarryn Swart
- Department of Biochemistry & Microbiology, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa
| | - Heinrich C Hoppe
- Department of Biochemistry & Microbiology, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa
| | - Fanie R van Heerden
- School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa
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13
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Tajuddeen N, Bringmann G. N, C-Coupled naphthylisoquinoline alkaloids: a versatile new class of axially chiral natural products. Nat Prod Rep 2021; 38:2154-2186. [PMID: 34212956 DOI: 10.1039/d1np00020a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Covering: up to April 2021During the past decades, a plethora of natural products with restricted rotation about a biaryl axis have been discovered, among them the naphthylisoquinoline (NIQ) alkaloids, mostly C,C-coupled and having remarkable bioactivities. Within this fascinating class of naturally occurring biaryl compounds, NIQ alkaloids bearing an N,C-heterobiaryl axis have attracted particular attention. They are structurally and biosynthetically unprecedented, with interesting stereochemical implications and biological activities. In contrast to existing articles and reviews about axially chiral - yet C,C-coupled - natural products, this is the first, comprehensive review on the new subclass of N,C-coupled NIQs, their isolation and structural elucidation, their N,C-axial chirality, their biosynthetic origin, their promising antiparasitic and antileukemic activities, and their total synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasir Tajuddeen
- Department of Chemistry, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
| | - Gerhard Bringmann
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany.
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14
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Tajuddeen N, Swart T, Hoppe HC, van Heerden FR. Antiplasmodial and Cytotoxic Activities of Extract and Compounds from Ozoroa obovata (Oliv.) R. & A. Fern. var. obovata. Chem Biodivers 2021; 18:e2100240. [PMID: 34081396 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202100240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Ozoroa obovata (Oliv.) R. & A. Fern. var. obovata found in KwaZulu-Natal in South Africa was investigated for phytochemical constituents, and for antiplasmodial and cytotoxic effects. The plant leaves were collected from the University of KwaZulu-Natal (UKZN) arboretum on the Pietermaritzburg Campus, in March 2019. The inhibitory activity against 3D7 Plasmodium falciparum was determined using the parasite lactate dehydrogenase (pLDH) assay and cytotoxicity against HeLa cells was evaluated using the resazurin assay. The bioactive compounds were isolated by chromatographic purification and their structures were established with spectroscopic and spectrometric techniques. The plant leaf extract displayed significant antiplasmodial activity at 50 μg/mL and was also cytotoxic against HeLa cells. Chromatographic purification of the extract led to the isolation of two biflavonoids, four flavonoid glycosides, a steroid glycoside, and a megastigmene derivative. The compounds displayed antiplasmodial and antiproliferative activities at 50 μg/mL but the activity was substantially reduced at 10 μg/mL. The activities and compounds are being reported in O. obovata for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasir Tajuddeen
- School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X01, 3209, Scottsville, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa
| | - Tarryn Swart
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, 6140, South Africa
| | - Heinrich C Hoppe
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, 6140, South Africa
| | - Fanie R van Heerden
- School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X01, 3209, Scottsville, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa
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15
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Abstract
Background Malaria remains a significant public health challenge in regions of the world where it is endemic. An unprecedented decline in malaria incidences was recorded during the last decade due to the availability of effective control interventions, such as the deployment of artemisinin-based combination therapy and insecticide-treated nets. However, according to the World Health Organization, malaria is staging a comeback, in part due to the development of drug resistance. Therefore, there is an urgent need to discover new anti-malarial drugs. This article reviews the literature on natural products with antiplasmodial activity that was reported between 2010 and 2017. Methods Relevant literature was sourced by searching the major scientific databases, including Web of Science, ScienceDirect, Scopus, SciFinder, Pubmed, and Google Scholar, using appropriate keyword combinations. Results and Discussion A total of 1524 compounds from 397 relevant references, assayed against at least one strain of Plasmodium, were reported in the period under review. Out of these, 39% were described as new natural products, and 29% of the compounds had IC50 ≤ 3.0 µM against at least one strain of Plasmodium. Several of these compounds have the potential to be developed into viable anti-malarial drugs. Also, some of these compounds could play a role in malaria eradication by targeting gametocytes. However, the research into natural products with potential for blocking the transmission of malaria is still in its infancy stage and needs to be vigorously pursued.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasir Tajuddeen
- School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X01, Scottsville, Pietermaritzburg, 3209, South Africa
| | - Fanie R Van Heerden
- School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X01, Scottsville, Pietermaritzburg, 3209, South Africa.
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Mohammed A, Ibrahim MA, Tajuddeen N, Aliyu AB, Isah MB. Antidiabetic potential of anthraquinones: A review. Phytother Res 2019; 34:486-504. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Revised: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Aminu Mohammed
- Department of BiochemistryAhmadu Bello University Zaria Nigeria
| | | | - Nasir Tajuddeen
- Department of ChemistryAhmadu Bello University Zaria Nigeria
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17
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Ibrahim MA, Isah MB, Tajuddeen N, Hamza SA, Mohammed A. Interaction of Stigmasterol with Trypanosomal Uridylyl Transferase, Farnesyl Diphosphate Synthase and Sterol 14α-demethylase: An In Silico Prediction of Mechanism of Action. LETT DRUG DES DISCOV 2019. [DOI: 10.2174/1570180815666180711110324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Trypanosomiasis is one of the neglected tropical diseases and continues to
cause serious morbidity, mortality and economic loss. Current anti-trypanosomal drugs are antiquated
and suffer from a number of serious setbacks, thereby necessitating the search for new
drugs. Stigmasterol has previously demonstrated in vitro and in vivo anti-trypanosomal activity.
Methods:
Herein, stigmasterol was docked into three validated anti-trypanosomal drug targets;
uridylyl transferase, farnesyl diphosphate synthase and sterol 14α-demethylase, in order to elucidate
the possible biochemical targets for the observed anti-trypanosomal activity.
Results:
The binding free energy between stigmasterol and the enzymes was in the order; sterol
14α-demethylase (-8.9 kcal/mol) < uridylyl transferase (-7.9 kcal/mol) < farnesyl diphosphate synthase
(-5.7 kcal/mol). At the lowest energy docked pose, stigmasterol interacts with the active site
of the three trypanosomal enzymes via non-covalent interactions (apart from hydrogen bond) while
highly hydrophobic stigmasterol carbon atoms (21 and 27) were crucial in the interaction with varying
residues of the three anti-trypanosomal targets.
Conclusion:
Therefore, results from this study might suggest that stigmasterol mediated the antitrypanosomal
activity through interaction with the three anti-trypanosomal targets but with more
preference towards sterol 14α-demethylase.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Nasir Tajuddeen
- Department of Chemistry, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
| | | | - Aminu Mohammed
- Department of Biochemistry, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
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18
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Tajuddeen N, Isah MB, Suleiman MA, van Heerden FR, Ibrahim MA. The chemotherapeutic potential of chalcones against leishmaniases: a review. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2017; 51:311-318. [PMID: 28668673 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2017.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2017] [Revised: 06/06/2017] [Accepted: 06/17/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Leishmaniases are endemic diseases in tropical and sub-tropical regions of the world and are considered by the World Health Organization (WHO) to be among the six most important neglected tropical diseases. The current therapeutic arsenal against the disease is associated with a series of chemotherapeutic setbacks. However, since the early 1990s, naturally occurring chalcones with promising antileishmanial effects have been reported, and several other synthetic chalcones and chalcone-hybrid molecules have been confirmed to possess potent activity against various Leishmania species. This paper is a comprehensive review covering the antileishmanial activity of 34 naturally occurring chalcones, 224 synthetic/semisynthetic chalcones and 54 chalcone-hybrid molecules. Several chalcones in the synthetic/semisynthetic category had IC50 values < 5 µM, with very good selectivity against parasites, and the structure-activity relationships as well as the proposed mechanism of action are discussed. We identified knowledge-gaps with the hope of providing future direction for the discovery of novel antileishmanial drugs from chalcones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasir Tajuddeen
- Department of Chemistry, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
| | | | | | - Fanie R van Heerden
- School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X01, Scottsville 3209, South Africa
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19
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Musa AM, Tajuddeen N, Idris AY, Rafindadi AY, Abdullahi MI, Aliyu AB, Abdullahi MS, Ibrahim MA. A New Antimicrobial Prenylated Benzo-lactone from the Rhizome of Cissus cornifolia. Pharmacognosy Res 2015; 7:363-6. [PMID: 26692751 PMCID: PMC4660516 DOI: 10.4103/0974-8490.159572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Medicinal plants remain one of the largest reservoirs of new bioactive compounds. In this study, a new prenylated benzo-lactone (4, 6-dihydroxy-5-methoxy-3-(1, 2, 3, 4, 5-pentahydroxypentyl)-2-benzofuran-1(3H)-one) was isolated from the acetone extracts of the rhizome of Cissus cornifolia. The antimicrobial activity of the compound was evaluated against some microorganisms including Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella typhi, and Candida albicans. Materials and Methods: The acetone extracts of the rhizome of C. cornifolia was separated and purified by various chromatographic techniques. The structure of the isolated compound was characterized by analysis of spectral data including one and two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance. Results: The isolated compound was characterized as (4, 6-dihydroxy-5-methoxy-3-(1, 2, 3, 4, 5-pentahydroxypentyl)-2-benzofuran-1(3H)-one), it showed activity against 6 out of 10 tested clinical isolates of some microorganisms including S. aureus, S. typhi, and C. albicans. The inhibition zones ranged between 17 mm and 25 mm. The inhibition zones observed compare favorably with the positive control used. Conclusion: The compound could serve as a lead for the development of more potent antimicrobial agent. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of the isolation and characterization as well as antimicrobial screening of the compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aliyu M Musa
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Zaria, Nigeria
| | - Nasir Tajuddeen
- Department of Chemistry, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
| | - Abdullahi Y Idris
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Zaria, Nigeria
| | | | - Musa I Abdullahi
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Usmanu Danfodio University, Sokoto, Nigeria
| | - Abubakar B Aliyu
- Department of Chemistry, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
| | - Mikhail S Abdullahi
- Directorate of research, Nigeria Institute of Leather and Science Technology, Zaria, Nigeria
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20
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Tajuddeen N, Sallau MS, Musa AM, Yahaya SM, Habila JD, Ismail AM. A novel antimicrobial flavonoid from the stem bark of Commiphora pedunculata (Kotschy & Peyr.) Engl. Nat Prod Res 2015; 30:1109-15. [PMID: 25978097 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2015.1041138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
A new flavonoid, 2-(3,5-dihydroxy-4-methoxy-phenyl)-3,5-dihydroxy-8,8-dimethyl-2,3-dihydro-8H-pyrano[3,2]chromen-4-one, together with previously reported epicatechin was isolated from the ethyl acetate soluble fraction of the methanol extract of the stem bark of Commiphora pedunculata. The structures of these compounds were elucidated based on extensive analysis of their spectral data, including 1 and 2D NMR. The compounds were active against 9 out of 12 tested microorganisms including a resistant strain; vancomycin-resistant entrococci (VRE), Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans. The zones of inhibition ranged between 22 and 34 mm against the microorganisms. The minimum inhibitory concentration was as low as 6.25 μg/mL against Shigella dysentriae, Bacillus cereus and S. aureus while the minimum bactericidal concentration was as low as 50 μg/mL against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, VRE and C. albicans. This is the first report of the isolation of the compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasir Tajuddeen
- a Department of Chemistry , Ahmadu Bello University Zaria , Zaria 810282 , Nigeria
| | - Muhammad S Sallau
- a Department of Chemistry , Ahmadu Bello University Zaria , Zaria 810282 , Nigeria
| | - Aliyu M Musa
- b Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry , Ahmadu Bello University Zaria , Zaria 810282 , Nigeria
| | - Sani M Yahaya
- b Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry , Ahmadu Bello University Zaria , Zaria 810282 , Nigeria
| | - James D Habila
- a Department of Chemistry , Ahmadu Bello University Zaria , Zaria 810282 , Nigeria
| | - Abdullahi Musa Ismail
- c Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry , Usmanu Danfodiyo University , Sokoto , Nigeria
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Musa AM, Ibrahim MA, Aliyu AB, Abdullahi MS, Tajuddeen N, Ibrahim H, Oyewale AO. Chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of hexane leaf extract of Anisopus mannii (Asclepiadaceae). J Intercult Ethnopharmacol 2015; 4:129-33. [PMID: 26401399 PMCID: PMC4566775 DOI: 10.5455/jice.20150106124652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2014] [Accepted: 01/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Objective: The aim was to determine the chemical constituents and antimicrobial activity of the hexane leaf extract of Anisopus mannii against a wide range of human pathogenic microorganisms. Methods: The chemical constituents of the hexane leaf extract was determined using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis; and the antimicrobial activity was evaluated on “standard strains”, clinical susceptible and resistant bacterial and fungal isolates using the disc diffusion and broth microdilution methods. Results: GC-MS analysis of the hexane leaf extract revealed 32 compounds, representing 73.8% of the identified components. The major compounds were hexadecanoic acid, ethyl ester (34%), oxirane, hexadecyl- (11%) and 9, 12, 15-octadecatrienoic acid, ethyl ester, (Z, Z, Z) (9.6%). Results from the antimicrobial activity demonstrated higher inhibition zones against Bacillus cereus (29 mm), followed by Streptococcus pyogenes (28 mm). Other notable inhibitions were observed with Enterococcus faecalis (27 mm), Proteus vulgaris (26 mm) and MRSA (25 mm). The MIC values ranged from 0.625 mg/mL to 1.25 mg/mL while the MBC/MFC values ranged from 2.5 mg/mL to 5.0 mg/mL. Conclusion: These results support the traditional use of the plant and demonstrate the huge potential of A. mannii as a source of antimicrobial compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aliyu Muhammad Musa
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
| | | | | | - Mikhail Sabo Abdullahi
- Department of Research and Development, National Institute of Leather Science and Technology, Zaria, Nigeria
| | - Nasir Tajuddeen
- Department of Chemistry, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
| | - Halliru Ibrahim
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science Education, Federal College of Education (Technical), Gusau, Nigeria
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Tajuddeen N, Sani Sallau M, Muhammad Musa A, James Habila D, Muhammad Yahaya S. Flavonoids with antimicrobial activity from the stem bark ofCommiphora pedunculata(Kotschy & Peyr.) Engl. Nat Prod Res 2014; 28:1915-8. [DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2014.947488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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