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Shao M, McCue KF, Thomson JG. Agrobacterium-Mediated Transformation of the Dwarf Soybean MiniMax. Plants (Basel) 2024; 13:1013. [PMID: 38611542 PMCID: PMC11013704 DOI: 10.3390/plants13071013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
This study aims to establish an Agrobacterium-mediated transformation system for use with the 'MiniMax'soybean cultivar. MiniMax is a mutant soybean whose growth cycle is around 90 days, half that of most other soybean varieties, making it an optimal model cultivar to test genes of interest before investing in modification of elite lines. We describe an efficient protocol for Agrobacterium-mediated transformation using MiniMax seeds. It uses a modified 'half seed' regeneration protocol for transgenic soybean production, utilizing the rapid generation MiniMax variety to obtain T1 seeds in approximately 145 days. Addition of phloroglucinol (PG) to the regeneration protocol was key to obtaining high-efficiency rooting of the regenerated shoots. Transfer to soil was accomplished using an organic soil amendment containing nutrients and mycorrhiza for plants to thrive in the greenhouse. This combination of genotype and stimulants provides a transformation protocol to genetically engineer MiniMax seeds with a transgenic lab-to-greenhouse production efficiency of 4.0%. This is the first report of MiniMax soybean whole plant transformation and heritable T1 transmission. This protocol provides an ideal resource for enhancing the genetic transformation of any soybean cultivar.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - James G. Thomson
- USDA-ARS Crop Improvement and Genetics, Western Regional Research Center, Albany, CA 94710, USA; (M.S.); (K.F.M.)
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2
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Peron G, López AM, Cabada-Aquirre P, Garay Buenrosto KD, Ostos Mendoza KC, Mahady GB, Seidel V, Sytar O, Koirala N, Gurung R, Acharya Z, Adhikari S, Sureda A, Martorell M, Sharifi-Rad J. Antiviral and antibacterial properties of phloroglucinols: a review on naturally occurring and (semi)synthetic derivatives with potential therapeutic interest. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2024; 44:319-336. [PMID: 36593064 DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2022.2160695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Phloroglucinol and derived compounds comprise a huge class of secondary metabolites widely distributed in plants and brown algae. A vast array of biological activities, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and anticancer has been associated to this class of compounds. In this review, the available data on the antiviral and antibacterial capacity of phloroglucinols have been analyzed. Some of these compounds and derivatives show important antimicrobial properties in vitro. Phloroglucinols have been shown to be effective against viruses, such as human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), herpes or enterovirus, and preliminary data through docking analysis suggest that they can be effective against SARS-CoV-19. Also, some phloroglucinols derivatives have shown antibacterial effects against diverse bacteria strains, including Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus, and (semi)synthetic development of novel compounds have led to phloroglucinols with a significantly increased biological activity. However, therapeutic use of these compounds is hindered by the absence of in vivo studies and scarcity of information on their mechanisms of action, and hence further research efforts are required. On the basis of this consideration, our work aims to gather data regarding the efficacy of natural-occurring and synthetic phloroglucinol derivatives as antiviral and antibacterial agents against human pathogens, which have been published during the last three decades. The recollection of results reported in this review represents a valuable source of updated information that will potentially help researchers in the development of novel antimicrobial agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregorio Peron
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine (DMMT), University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Alice M López
- Department of Chemistry and Nanotechnology, Tecnológico University de Monterrey, Monterrey, Mexico
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, PAHO/WHO Collaborating Centre for Traditional Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Paulina Cabada-Aquirre
- Department of Chemistry and Nanotechnology, Tecnológico University de Monterrey, Monterrey, Mexico
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, PAHO/WHO Collaborating Centre for Traditional Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Karen D Garay Buenrosto
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, PAHO/WHO Collaborating Centre for Traditional Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Tecnológico University de Monterrey, Monterrey, México
| | - Keila C Ostos Mendoza
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, PAHO/WHO Collaborating Centre for Traditional Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Tecnológico University de Monterrey, Monterrey, México
| | - Gail B Mahady
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, PAHO/WHO Collaborating Centre for Traditional Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Veronique Seidel
- Natural Products Research Laboratory, Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
| | - Oksana Sytar
- Department of Plant Biology Department, Institute of Biology, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Niranjan Koirala
- Department of Natural Products Research, Dr. Koirala Research Institute for Biotechnology and Biodiversity, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Roshani Gurung
- Department of Natural Products Research, Dr. Koirala Research Institute for Biotechnology and Biodiversity, Kathmandu, Nepal
- Department of Pharmacy, Shree Medical and Technical College, Purbanchal University, Chitwan, Nepal
| | - Zenisha Acharya
- Department of Natural Products Research, Dr. Koirala Research Institute for Biotechnology and Biodiversity, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Sundar Adhikari
- Department of Pharmacy, Shree Medical and Technical College, Purbanchal University, Chitwan, Nepal
- Department of Pharmacy, Fishtail Hospital and Research Center Pvt. Ltd, Pokhara, Nepal
| | - Antoni Sureda
- Research Group in Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress and Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa, University of Balearic Islands-IUNICS, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
- CIBEROBN (Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Miquel Martorell
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Pharmacy, and Centre for Healthy Living, University of Concepción, Concepción, Chile
- Unidad de Desarrollo Tecnológico - UDT, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
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3
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Paumann-Page M, Obinger C, Winterbourn CC, Furtmüller PG. Peroxidasin Inhibition by Phloroglucinol and Other Peroxidase Inhibitors. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 13:23. [PMID: 38275643 PMCID: PMC10812467 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13010023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Human peroxidasin (PXDN) is a ubiquitous peroxidase enzyme expressed in most tissues in the body. PXDN represents an interesting therapeutic target for inhibition, as it plays a role in numerous pathologies, including cardiovascular disease, cancer and fibrosis. Like other peroxidases, PXDN generates hypohalous acids and free radical species, thereby facilitating oxidative modifications of numerous biomolecules. We have studied the inhibition of PXDN halogenation and peroxidase activity by phloroglucinol and 14 other peroxidase inhibitors. Although a number of compounds on their own potently inhibited PXDN halogenation activity, only five were effective in the presence of a peroxidase substrate with IC50 values in the low μM range. Using sequential stopped-flow spectrophotometry, we examined the mechanisms of inhibition for several compounds. Phloroglucinol was the most potent inhibitor with a nanomolar IC50 for purified PXDN and IC50 values of 0.95 μM and 1.6 μM for the inhibition of hypobromous acid (HOBr)-mediated collagen IV cross-linking in a decellularized extracellular matrix and a cell culture model. Other compounds were less effective in these models. Most interestingly, phloroglucinol was identified to irreversibly inhibit PXDN, either by mechanism-based inhibition or tight binding. Our work has highlighted phloroglucinol as a promising lead compound for the design of highly specific PXDN inhibitors and the assays used in this study provide a suitable approach for high-throughput screening of PXDN inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Paumann-Page
- Mātai Hāora Centre for Redox Biology and Medicine, University of Otago Christchurch, Ōtautahi Christchurch 8011, New Zealand;
- Institute of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Christian Obinger
- Institute of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Christine C. Winterbourn
- Mātai Hāora Centre for Redox Biology and Medicine, University of Otago Christchurch, Ōtautahi Christchurch 8011, New Zealand;
| | - Paul G. Furtmüller
- Institute of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria;
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Yang W, Guo H, Niu J, Liu J, Su R, Bai Y, Zhang S, Liu Q, Sun N. Phloroglucinol inhibits oxytocin-induced contraction in rat gastric circular muscle and uterine smooth muscle. J OBSTET GYNAECOL 2023; 43:2130208. [PMID: 36227618 DOI: 10.1080/01443615.2022.2130208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Phloroglucinol is commonly used to alleviate dysmenorrhoea and stomach cramps. However, there is little evidence of phloroglucinol in the mechanism of primary dysmenorrhoea (PD) development. In this study, a PD rat model was established. The effects of phloroglucinol on the contraction of rat gastric circular muscle and uterine smooth muscle induced by oxytocin (OT) were investigated. The writhing response, and levels of oestradiol (E2), prostaglandin e2 (PGE2), and prostaglandin f2α (PGF2α) were determined. The protein and mRNA levels of OT receptor (OTR) were detected. OT showed a significant promoting effect on gastric circular muscle and uterine smooth muscle contraction. However, phloroglucinol strongly inhibited the contraction induced by 10-6 mol/L of OT. We also found that phloroglucinol reduced writhing response and attenuated uterine damage. Compared to the blank group, E2 and PGF2α were significantly increased, but PGE2 was significantly decreased in the PD model group. Phloroglucinol was found to reverse the changes of E2, PGF2α and PGE2. Moreover, phloroglucinol reduced the protein and mRNA levels of OTR. In conclusion, phloroglucinol could attenuate PD and inhibit the contraction of rat gastric circular muscle and uterine smooth muscle induced by OT. The mechanism might be related with the regulation of OTR expression.IMPACT STATEMENTWhat is already known on this subject? Phloroglucinol is commonly used to alleviate dysmenorrhoea and stomach cramps. However, there is little evidence of phloroglucinol in the mechanism of primary dysmenorrhoea (PD) development.What do the results of this study add? Phloroglucinol could attenuate PD and inhibit the contraction of rat gastric circular muscle and uterine smooth muscle induced by OT. The underlying mechanisms of phloroglucinol for PD treatment may be associated with OTR.What are the implications of these findings for clinical practice and/or further research? These findings provide novel ideas for the role of phloroglucinol in PD development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhui Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou City, China
| | - Hua Guo
- Department of Pharmacy, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou City, China
| | - Jinbo Niu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou City, China
| | - Junya Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou City, China
| | - Ran Su
- Department of Pharmacy, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou City, China
| | - Yingde Bai
- Department of Pharmacy, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou City, China
| | - Shuang Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou City, China
| | - Qian Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou City, China
| | - Nan Sun
- Department of Pharmacy, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou City, China
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5
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Zhang DL, Hu YK, Wang L, He YB, Yang J, Zhao Y. Phloroglucinol derivatives with α-glucosidase inhibitory activities from Syzygium fluviatile. J Asian Nat Prod Res 2023; 25:1168-1174. [PMID: 37200198 DOI: 10.1080/10286020.2023.2212614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Four new phloroglucinol derivatives (1 - 4) were isolated from the leaves of Syzygium fluviatile. Their structures were elucidated by means of extensive spectroscopic data. Among them, compounds 1 and 3 showed significant inhibitory activity against α-glucosidase with IC50 values of 10.60 and 5.07 µM, respectively. The structure-activity relationship was also discussed briefly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ding-Li Zhang
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Yi-Kao Hu
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Li Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Yuan-Biao He
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Jing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Yong Zhao
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650500, China
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Steiner J, Kupetz M, Becker T. Advancing Quantification of Water-Extractable Arabinoxylan in Beer: A High-Throughput Approach. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:3959. [PMID: 37836008 PMCID: PMC10574920 DOI: 10.3390/polym15193959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Water-extractable arabinoxylan (WEAX) may cause major problems during clarification processes in a brewery owing to its ability to form gel networks. However, high WEAX contents can also enhance the nutritional quality of the final product as they play an important role in the human diet. Therefore, precise quantification of WEAX is required. Current methods are very time- and resource-consuming as well as limited in the number of samples and in some cases provide low accuracy. Thus, a reproducible high-throughput method for the quantification of WEAX optimized for beer was developed, reaching recovery rates (RRs) of almost 100%. The assay is based on Douglas's colorimetric method. Hydrolysis was conducted using glacial acetic acid to induce the formation of red color complexes resulting from the interaction between pentose degradation products and phloroglucinol. The method was successfully transferred to a multi-mode microplate reader to minimize the loss of color intensity over time and to obtain a high throughput. By using 96-well plates, up to 40% of the previous analysis time could be saved, and a larger number of samples could be analyzed in one batch. The collected data determined xylose as an optimal calibration standard due to high accuracy and reproducibility. The respective AX control standards showed RR within the range of 95-105% without exception. To validate and show the ruggedness of the modified method, WEAX concentration in seven commercial German beers (e.g., lager, pilsner, wheat beer, non-alcoholic beer) was quantified. Interfering hexose sugars that lead to measurement errors when analyzing samples with high amounts of fermentable sugars (e.g., non-alcoholic beer produced by limited fermentation) were eliminated by Saccharomyces diastaticus fermentation. Further investigations were carried out by means of LC-MS in order to obtain additional information about the reddish product in the hydrolyzed samples. In this context, C16H12O6 could be identified as one of numerous condensation products, contributing to the coloring. The collected data showed the impact of diverse factors on the measured AX concentration and helped optimize the experimental procedure for a high sample throughput with precise and highly reproducible results. The proposed quantification method should be primarily used in completely fermented finished beer to emphasize the time aspect. Wort samples and non-alcoholic beer produced by limited fermentation can be also analyzed, but only after fermentation with S. diastaticus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Steiner
- Research Group Beverage and Cereal Biotechnology, Institute of Brewing and Beverage Technology, Technical University of Munich, 85354 Freising, Germany
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Simón L, Arazo-Rusindo M, Quest AFG, Mariotti-Celis MS. Phlorotannins: Novel Orally Administrated Bioactive Compounds That Induce Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Oxidative Stress in Cancer. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1734. [PMID: 37760037 PMCID: PMC10525198 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12091734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction is an interesting therapeutic target to help reduce cancer deaths, and the use of bioactive compounds has emerged as a novel and safe approach to solve this problem. Here, we discuss the information available related to phlorotannins, a type of polyphenol present in brown seaweeds that reportedly functions as antioxidants/pro-oxidants and anti-inflammatory and anti-tumorigenic agents. Specifically, available evidence indicates that dieckol and phloroglucinol promote mitochondrial membrane depolarization and mitochondria-dependent apoptosis. Phlorotannins also reduce pro-tumorigenic, -inflammatory, and -angiogenic signaling mechanisms involving RAS/MAPK/ERK, PI3K/Akt/mTOR, NF-κB, and VEGF. In doing so, they inhibit pathways that favor cancer development and progression. Unfortunately, these compounds are rather labile and, therefore, this review also summarizes approaches permitting the encapsulation of bioactive compounds, like phlorotannins, and their subsequent oral administration as novel and non-invasive therapeutic alternatives for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Layla Simón
- Nutrition and Dietetic School, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Finis Terrae, Santiago 7501015, Chile
- Cellular Communication Laboratory, Center for Studies on Exercise, Metabolism and Cancer (CEMC), Program of Cell and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICBM), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380000, Chile;
| | - Migdalia Arazo-Rusindo
- Department of Chemical and Bioprocess Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 7820436, Chile;
| | - Andrew F. G. Quest
- Cellular Communication Laboratory, Center for Studies on Exercise, Metabolism and Cancer (CEMC), Program of Cell and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICBM), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380000, Chile;
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380000, Chile
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Moreno Cardenas C, Çiçek SS. Structure-dependent activity of plant natural products against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1234115. [PMID: 37649631 PMCID: PMC10463185 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1234115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is one of the major causes for nosocomial infections and has been classified as "high priority pathogen" by the World Health Organization. Its ability to develop resistances has been a challenge for the last decades and is still a threat to health care systems, as strains with resistances to the so-called drugs of last resort have been discovered. Therefore, new antibiotics are urgently needed. Natural products are an important source for the development of new drugs, thereby mostly serving as lead compounds for further modification. In this review, the data on plant natural products with reported anti-MRSA activity until the end of 2022 is discussed, highlighting the most effective drugs with respect to their inhibitory concentrations as well as with regard to eventual synergistic effects with existing antibiotics. In the latter sense, the class of alkaloids must be mentioned, exhibiting additive or synergistic effects by inhibiting bacterial efflux pumps. With regard to the antibiotic activity, phloroglucinol derivatives certainly belong to the most promising compounds, revealing several candidates with remarkable effects, e.g., lupulone, ivesinol, rhodomyrtone, aspidinol, or hyperforin. Also, the class of terpenoids yielded noteworthy compounds, such as the sesquiterpene lactones parthenolide and lactopicrin as well as acetophenone sesquiterpenes and sphaerodiene type diterpenoids, respectively. In addition, pronounced effects were observed for the macrolide neurymenolide A and three flavonol dicoumaroylrhamnosides.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Serhat S. Çiçek
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
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Phong NV, Gao D, Kim JA, Yang SY. Optimization of Ultrasonic-Assisted Extraction of α-Glucosidase Inhibitors from Dryopteris crassirhizoma Using Artificial Neural Network and Response Surface Methodology. Metabolites 2023; 13:metabo13040557. [PMID: 37110215 PMCID: PMC10145310 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13040557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Dryopteris crassirhizoma Nakai is a plant with significant medicinal properties, such as anticancer, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory activities, making it an attractive research target. Our study describes the isolation of major metabolites from D. crassirhizoma, and their inhibitory activities on α-glucosidase were evaluated for the first time. The results revealed that nortrisflavaspidic acid ABB (2) is the most potent α-glucosidase inhibitor, with an IC50 of 34.0 ± 0.14 μM. In addition, artificial neural network (ANN) and response surface methodology (RSM) were used in this study to optimize the extraction conditions and evaluate the independent and interactive effects of ultrasonic-assisted extraction parameters. The optimal extraction conditions are extraction time of 103.03 min, sonication power of 342.69 W, and solvent-to-material ratio of 94.00 mL/g. The agreement between the predicted models of ANN and RSM and the experimental values was notably high, with a percentage of 97.51% and 97.15%, respectively, indicating that both models have the potential to be utilized for optimizing the industrial extraction process of active metabolites from D. crassirhizoma. Our results could provide relevant information for producing high-quality extracts from D. crassirhizoma for functional foods, nutraceuticals, and pharmaceutical industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen Viet Phong
- Vessel-Organ Interaction Research Center, VOICE (MRC), College of Pharmacy, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
- BK21 FOUR Community-Based Intelligent Novel Drug Discovery Education Unit, College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Dan Gao
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Jeong Ah Kim
- Vessel-Organ Interaction Research Center, VOICE (MRC), College of Pharmacy, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
- BK21 FOUR Community-Based Intelligent Novel Drug Discovery Education Unit, College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Seo Young Yang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Sangji University, 83 Sangjidae-gil, Wonju 26339, Republic of Korea
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10
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Prasetyo WE, Kusumaningsih T, Triadmojo B, Anggraini SD, Marliyana SD, Firdaus M. Investigation of the dual role of acyl phloroglucinols as a new hope for antibacterial and anti-SARS-CoV-2 agents employing integrated in vitro and multi-phase in silico approaches. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023; 41:15067-15084. [PMID: 36927239 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2186712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
With the rapid spread of multi-drug-resistant bacteria and more infectious or aggressive variants of SARS-CoV-2, it is critical to develop drugs that can quickly adapt to evolving bacterial and viral mutations. In this study, encouraged by nature, we synthesized a series of phloroglucinol (PG) derivatives, acyl phloroglucinols (ACPLs) 2a-4c by mimicking the structure of the natural antifungal 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol 3a (2,4-DAPG). According to the quantum chemical calculation, these compounds were expected to be exceptionally favourable for intermolecular interaction with protein receptors. Intriguingly, the in vitro study of Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) ATCC 25923 and Escherichia coli (E. coli) ATCC 25922, showed that the four ACPLs 3a-4a had good antibacterial activity and selectivity against gram-positive bacteria, S. aureus. These results were then supported by in silico molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations (MDs) between these potent compounds and the S. aureus FtsA protein (PDB ID: 3WQU). Furthermore, with the aid of the knowledge base Virus-CKB along with the molecular docking study, it was found that the three ACPLs 4a-4c showed potential inhibitors against SARS-CoV-2 PLpro (PDB ID: 7CMD). Additionally, 100 ns of MDs was carried out in order to assess the stability behaviour of ACPLs at the docked site. Moreover, in silico ADME/T and drug likeness of all studied ACPLs were also predicted. Finally, shape-based screening of FDA-approved drugs was performed using the most prominent synthesized ACPLs as a template, enabling us to include several medications that could be utilized as antibacterial and antiviral drug candidates.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wahyu Eko Prasetyo
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Sebelas Maret University, Surakarta, Indonesia
| | - Triana Kusumaningsih
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Sebelas Maret University, Surakarta, Indonesia
| | - Bram Triadmojo
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Sebelas Maret University, Surakarta, Indonesia
| | - Septin Dwi Anggraini
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Sebelas Maret University, Surakarta, Indonesia
| | - Soerya Dewi Marliyana
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Sebelas Maret University, Surakarta, Indonesia
| | - Maulidan Firdaus
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Sebelas Maret University, Surakarta, Indonesia
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Park C, Cha HJ, Hwangbo H, Ji SY, Kim DH, Kim MY, Bang E, Hong SH, Kim SO, Jeong SJ, Lee H, Moon SK, Shim JH, Kim GY, Cho S, Choi YH. Phloroglucinol Inhibits Oxidative-Stress-Induced Cytotoxicity in C2C12 Murine Myoblasts through Nrf-2-Mediated Activation of HO-1. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:4637. [PMID: 36902068 PMCID: PMC10003575 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Phloroglucinol is a class of polyphenolic compounds containing aromatic phenyl rings and is known to have various pharmacological activities. Recently, we reported that this compound isolated from Ecklonia cava, a brown alga belonging to the family Laminariaceae, has potent antioxidant activity in human dermal keratinocytes. In this study, we evaluated whether phloroglucinol could protect against hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced oxidative damage in murine-derived C2C12 myoblasts. Our results revealed that phloroglucinol suppressed H2O2-induced cytotoxicity and DNA damage while blocking the production of reactive oxygen species. We also found that phloroglucinol protected cells from the induction of apoptosis associated with mitochondrial impairment caused by H2O2 treatment. Furthermore, phloroglucinol enhanced the phosphorylation of nuclear factor-erythroid-2 related factor 2 (Nrf2) as well as the expression and activity of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1). However, such anti-apoptotic and cytoprotective effects of phloroglucinol were greatly abolished by the HO-1 inhibitor, suggesting that phloroglucinol could increase the Nrf2-mediated activity of HO-1 to protect C2C12 myoblasts from oxidative stress. Taken together, our results indicate that phloroglucinol has a strong antioxidant activity as an Nrf2 activator and may have therapeutic benefits for oxidative-stress-mediated muscle disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheol Park
- Division of Basic Sciences, College of Liberal Studies, Dong-eui University, Busan 47340, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Jae Cha
- Department of Parasitology and Genetics, College of Medicine, Kosin University, Busan 49267, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Hwangbo
- Anti-Aging Research Center, Dong-eui University, Busan 47340, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Korean Medicine, Dong-eui University, Busan 47227, Republic of Korea
| | - Seon Yeong Ji
- Anti-Aging Research Center, Dong-eui University, Busan 47340, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Korean Medicine, Dong-eui University, Busan 47227, Republic of Korea
| | - Da Hye Kim
- Anti-Aging Research Center, Dong-eui University, Busan 47340, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Korean Medicine, Dong-eui University, Busan 47227, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Yeong Kim
- Anti-Aging Research Center, Dong-eui University, Busan 47340, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Korean Medicine, Dong-eui University, Busan 47227, Republic of Korea
| | - EunJin Bang
- Anti-Aging Research Center, Dong-eui University, Busan 47340, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Korean Medicine, Dong-eui University, Busan 47227, Republic of Korea
| | - Su Hyun Hong
- Anti-Aging Research Center, Dong-eui University, Busan 47340, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Korean Medicine, Dong-eui University, Busan 47227, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Ok Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Life and Health, Kyungsung University, Busan 48434, Republic of Korea
| | - Soon-Jeong Jeong
- Department of Dental Hygiene & Institute of Basic Science for Well-Aging, Youngsan University, Yangsan 50510, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyesook Lee
- Department of Convergence Medicine, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Kwon Moon
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Biotechnology & Natural Resource, Chung-Ang University, Ansung 17546, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Hyun Shim
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Mokpo National University, Muan 58554, Republic of Korea
| | - Gi-Young Kim
- Department of Marine Life Science, College of Ocean Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Suengmok Cho
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Institute of Food Science, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea
| | - Yung Hyun Choi
- Anti-Aging Research Center, Dong-eui University, Busan 47340, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Korean Medicine, Dong-eui University, Busan 47227, Republic of Korea
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Gupta P, Dash PK, Sanjay TD, Pradhan SK, Sreevathsa R, Rai R. Cloning and Molecular Characterization of the phlD Gene Involved in the Biosynthesis of " Phloroglucinol", a Compound with Antibiotic Properties from Plant Growth Promoting Bacteria Pseudomonas spp. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:antibiotics12020260. [PMID: 36830171 PMCID: PMC9952525 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12020260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
phlD is a novel kind of polyketide synthase involved in the biosynthesis of non-volatile metabolite phloroglucinol by iteratively condensing and cyclizing three molecules of malonyl-CoA as substrate. Phloroglucinol or 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol (DAPG) is an ecologically important rhizospheric antibiotic produced by pseudomonads; it exhibits broad spectrum anti-bacterial and anti-fungal properties, leading to disease suppression in the rhizosphere. Additionally, DAPG triggers systemic resistance in plants, stimulates root exudation, as well as induces phyto-enhancing activities in other rhizobacteria. Here, we report the cloning and analysis of the phlD gene from soil-borne gram-negative bacteria-Pseudomonas. The full-length phlD gene (from 1078 nucleotides) was successfully cloned and the structural details of the PHLD protein were analyzed in-depth via a three-dimensional topology and a refined three-dimensional model for the PHLD protein was predicted. Additionally, the stereochemical properties of the PHLD protein were analyzed by the Ramachandran plot, based on which, 94.3% of residues fell in the favored region and 5.7% in the allowed region. The generated model was validated by secondary structure prediction using PDBsum. The present study aimed to clone and characterize the DAPG-producing phlD gene to be deployed in the development of broad-spectrum biopesticides for the biocontrol of rhizospheric pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Payal Gupta
- ICAR-National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, Pusa Campus, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Prasanta K. Dash
- ICAR-National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, Pusa Campus, New Delhi 110012, India
- Correspondence: (P.K.D.); (R.R.); Tel.: +91-1125841787 (P.K.D.); Fax: +91-1125843984 (P.K.D.)
| | | | - Sharat Kumar Pradhan
- ICAR-National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack 753006, India
- Indian Council of Agriculture Research, Krishi Bhawan, New Delhi 110001, India
| | - Rohini Sreevathsa
- ICAR-National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, Pusa Campus, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Rhitu Rai
- ICAR-National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, Pusa Campus, New Delhi 110012, India
- Correspondence: (P.K.D.); (R.R.); Tel.: +91-1125841787 (P.K.D.); Fax: +91-1125843984 (P.K.D.)
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Pang WJ, Feng X, Wang X, Wang L, Sun NX. Analysis of the effect of phloroglucinol on pregnancy outcomes involving frozen embryo transfers in patients with endometriosis: A retrospective case-control study. Front Surg 2023; 9:994775. [PMID: 36684314 PMCID: PMC9852602 DOI: 10.3389/fsurg.2022.994775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Abnormal contraction of uterus and vascular smooth muscle lead to the formation of hypoxia environment in uterus. Abnormal contraction may be the basis of dysmenorrhea, endometriosis, infertility and other diseases. Phloroglucinol is a non-atropine and non-papaverine smooth muscle spasmolytic agent, which can reduce the abnormal contraction of uterine smooth muscle. This study investigated the effect of phloroglucinol on frozen embryo transfer in patients with endometriosis. Methods The data of patients with endometriosis who underwent a frozen embryo transfer in Shanghai Changzheng Hospital from August 2018 to August 2021, comprising a total of 453 cycles, were retrospectively analyzed. The patients for whom phloroglucinol was included over 217 cycles were administered intramuscully 40 mg phloroglucinol starting on the day of progesterone administration, then once daily up to day 7 after the embryo transfer. Those for whom phloroglucinol was not administered over 236 cycles were used as the control group. The age of 35 years was used as a boundary in this study to observe the pregnancy outcomes of patients in the two different age groups. Results The biochemical pregnancy rate (63.13% vs. 51.27%), embryo implantation rate (44.64% vs. 33.60%), clinical pregnancy rate (59.64% vs. 48.30%), and live birth rate (52.99% vs. 36.86%) after the administration of phloroglucinol were higher than for patients in the control group, and the early abortion rate (7.75% vs. 20.18%) was also lower. The differences were statistically significant (P < 0.05). In particular, in the age group <35 years old, the embryo implantation rate (51.81% vs. 39.38%), clinical pregnancy rate (69.34% vs. 57.55%), and the live birth rate (63.50% vs. 44.60%) after phloroglucinol intervention rose significantly, and the abortion rate dropped (6.32% vs. 17.5%), indicating a statistically significant difference (P < 0.05). However, pregnancy outcomes showed no difference in the age group ≥35 years old (P > 0.05). Conclusion Continuous low-dose phloroglucinol pretreatment before and after frozen embryo transfer can improve both the clinical pregnancy and live birth rates and reduce the risk of abortion in younger infertile patients with endometriosis.
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da Silva CPM, das Neves GM, Poser GLV, Eifler-Lima VL, Rates SMK. In silico Prediction of ADMET/Drug-likeness Properties of Bioactive Phloroglucinols from Hypericum Genus. Med Chem 2023; 19:1002-1017. [PMID: 37259926 DOI: 10.2174/1573406419666230601092358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dimeric acylphloroglucinols occurring in species from sections Brathys and Trigynobrathys of the genus Hypericum exhibit acylfilicinic acid and acylphloroglucinol moieties linked by a methylene bridge. However, this chemical feature differs from hyperforin, from H. perforatum (Hypericum section). Some dimeric acylphloroglucinols, such as uliginosin B, display similar pharmacological activities, namely antidepressant and antinociceptive. However, there is no knowledge about the pharmacokinetic profile and no toxicity studies of these compounds in intact mammals. OBJECTIVE To perform an in silico evaluation of the similarity, pharmacokinetics and toxicity (ADMET) properties of dimeric acylphloroglucinols from species native to Central and South America. METHODS ADMET prediction of eleven elected phloroglucinols followed by the chemical space evaluation of thirty-five dimeric acylphloroglucinols derivatives labeled according to their prenylation/ geranylation pattern through principal component analysis (PCA). The similarity analysis was performed using the Tanimoto similarity index. ADMET properties were predicted with the opensource software SwissADME and pkCSM-pharmacokinetics. RESULTS Several compounds showed good human intestinal absorption. However, they may present difficulties in crossing the blood-brain barrier, probably due to the high tPSA values. The predicted toxicity parameters indicated that most compounds have low toxicity. Most non-prenylated phloroglucinols were disposed into Lipinski's rule limits. Uliginosin B, isouliginosin B and japonicin A seem to be druglike compounds. The PCA model explained 77.49% of the total variance, and molecular similarity analyses revealed some expected similarities between isomers and different compounds. CONCLUSION Dimeric acylphloroglucinols may be promising drug candidates and deserve further pharmacological and medicinal chemistry studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila Pires Machado da Silva
- Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Avenida Ipiranga, 2752, Porto Alegre - RS, 90610-000, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Machado das Neves
- Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Avenida Ipiranga, 2752, Porto Alegre - RS, 90610-000, Brazil
| | - Gilsane Lino von Poser
- Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Avenida Ipiranga, 2752, Porto Alegre - RS, 90610-000, Brazil
| | - Vera Lucia Eifler-Lima
- Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Avenida Ipiranga, 2752, Porto Alegre - RS, 90610-000, Brazil
| | - Stela Maris Kuze Rates
- Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Avenida Ipiranga, 2752, Porto Alegre - RS, 90610-000, Brazil
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15
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Darweish E, Marzouk HM, Fayez YM, Eissa MS. Ecofriendly chromatographic estimation of spasmolytic pharmaceutical mixture along with official toxic impurity, 3,5-dichloroaniline: Complete green profile appraisal. J Sep Sci 2023; 46:e2200695. [PMID: 36285376 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202200695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Nowadays, Green Analytical Chemistry is widely applied to provide various analytical methods with eco-friendly procedures employing the least toxic, harmful reagents on humans and the environment without affecting the efficacy of the determination. Accordingly, two eco-friendly, accurate, and reliable high-performance thin-layer chromatography-densitometry and high-performance liquid chromatographic methods were established for the determination and separation of two antispasmodic drugs, namely phloroglucinol and trimethylphloroglucinol in their pure, combined dosage form along with phloroglucinol toxic impurity, 3,5-dichloroaniline. For high-performance thin-layer chromatography-densitometry, efficient separation was developed via utilizing the stationary phase of high-performance thin-layer chromatography silica gel 60 F254 plates and developing a system comprising of ethyl acetate-butanol-ammonia in the ratio of 8.0:2.0:0.2, by volume and scanning of the developed bands at 210.0 nm. The subsequent method is isocratic high-performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection in which separation was successively attained using XTerra RP-C18 (250 × 4.6 mm, 5 μm) column as stationary phase and methanol-10.0 mM phosphate buffer, pH 3.7 ± 0.1 as mobile phase in the ratio of 75.0:25.0, v/v at flow rate 1.0 ml/min and scanning at 220.0 nm. The developed liquid chromatography methods were validated according to the International Council for Harmonization guidelines, and all results acknowledged their efficacy. Additionally, the proposed methods worked well for assessing the cited drugs in binary combined commercially available pharmaceutical formulation. The greenness profile of the present methods was assessed and estimated using various assessment tools, namely; Green Analytical Procedure Index, analytical eco-scale method, National Environmental Method Index in addition to Analytical GREEnness tool to evaluate the greenness of the provided methods with a statistical comparison between them to assess the more green ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eman Darweish
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Egyptian Russian University, Badr City, Egypt
| | - Hoda M Marzouk
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Yasmin M Fayez
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Maya S Eissa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Egyptian Russian University, Badr City, Egypt
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Zhang RF, Fan YX, Ji YY, Long CL. [Two pairs of phloroglucinol enantiomers from Hypericum wightianum and their stereochemical structures]. Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi 2023; 48:421-429. [PMID: 36725232 DOI: 10.19540/j.cnki.cjcmm.20220612.202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The chemical constituents in the ethanol extract of Hypericum wightianum(Hypericaceae) were purified by column chromatography and identified via magnetic resonance imaging(NMR), high-resolution mass spectrum, and circular dichroism. A total of 22 compounds were identified, including eight polyprenylated phloroglucinols(1-8), three chromones(9-11), and three terpenoids(14-16) and so on. Among them, compounds 16 and 17 were first reported in the genus Hypericum, and compounds 1-11, 14, 15, and 19 were first isolated from H. wightianum. Compounds 1-4 were previously reported as two pairs of enantiomers. This study reported the chiral resolutions and absolute configurations of compounds 1-4 for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui-Fei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environment in Minority Areas (Minzu University of China) National Ethnic Affairs Commission Beijing 100081, China College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yan-Xiao Fan
- Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environment in Minority Areas (Minzu University of China) National Ethnic Affairs Commission Beijing 100081, China College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Ji
- Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environment in Minority Areas (Minzu University of China) National Ethnic Affairs Commission Beijing 100081, China College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China Beijing 100081, China
| | - Chun-Lin Long
- Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environment in Minority Areas (Minzu University of China) National Ethnic Affairs Commission Beijing 100081, China College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China Beijing 100081, China Key Laboratory of Ethnomedicine (Minzu University of China), Ministry of Education Beijing 100081, China Key Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry Imaging and Metabolomics (Minzu University of China) National Ethnic Affairs Commission Beijing 100081, China
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Park C, Cha HJ, Kim MY, Bang E, Moon SK, Yun SJ, Kim WJ, Noh JS, Kim GY, Cho S, Lee H, Choi YH. Phloroglucinol Attenuates DNA Damage and Apoptosis Induced by Oxidative Stress in Human Retinal Pigment Epithelium ARPE-19 Cells by Blocking the Production of Mitochondrial ROS. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11122353. [PMID: 36552561 PMCID: PMC9774705 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11122353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Phloroglucinol, a phenolic compound, is known to possess a potent antioxidant ability. However, its role in retinal cells susceptible to oxidative stress has not been well elucidated yet. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate whether phloroglucinol could protect against oxidative damage in cultured human retinal pigment epithelium ARPE-19 cells. For this purpose, ARPE-19 cells were stimula ted with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) to mimic oxidative stress. Cell viability, cytotoxicity, apoptosis, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, mitochondrial function, DNA damage, and autophagy were then assessed. Our results revealed that phloroglucinol ameliorated cell viability, cytotoxicity, and DNA damage in H2O2-exposued ARPE-19 cells and blocked production of ROS. Phloroglucinol also counteracted H2O2-induced apoptosis by reducing Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, blocking activation of caspase-3, and inhibiting degradation of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase. H2O2 caused mitochondrial impairment and increased expression levels of mitophagy markers such as PINK1and PARKIN known to be associated with mitochondrial ROS (mtROS) generation and cytosolic release of cytochrome c. However, these changes were significantly attenuated by phloroglucinol. Mito-TEMPO, a selective mitochondrial antioxidant, further enhanced the protective effect of phloroglucinol against dysfunctional mitochondria. Furthermore, H2O2 induced autophagy, but not when ARPE-19 cells were pretreated with phloroglucinol, meaning that autophagy by H2O2 contributed to the pro-survival mechanism and that phloroglucinol protected ARPE-19 cells from apoptosis by blocking autophagy. Taken together, these results suggest that phloroglucinol can inhibit oxidative stress-induced ARPE-19 cell damage and dysfunction by protecting DNA damage, autophagy, and subsequent apoptosis through mitigation of mtROS generation. Thus, phloroglucinol might have therapeutic potential to prevent oxidative stress-mediated damage in RPE cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheol Park
- Division of Basic Sciences, College of Liberal Studies, Dong-Eui University, Busan 47340, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Jae Cha
- Department of Parasitology and Genetics, Kosin University College of Medicine, Busan 49267, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Yeong Kim
- Anti-Aging Research Center, Dong-Eui University, Busan 47340, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Korean Medicine, Dong-Eui University, Busan 47227, Republic of Korea
| | - EunJin Bang
- Anti-Aging Research Center, Dong-Eui University, Busan 47340, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Korean Medicine, Dong-Eui University, Busan 47227, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Kwon Moon
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Chung-Ang University, Ansung 17546, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok Joong Yun
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Wun-Jae Kim
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Sook Noh
- Department of Food Science & Nutrition, Tongmyong University, Busan 48520, Republic of Korea
| | - Gi-Young Kim
- Department of Marine Life Science, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Suengmok Cho
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Institute of Food Science, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyesook Lee
- Department of Convergence Medicine, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: (H.L.); (Y.H.C.); Tel.: +82-51-890-8129 (H.L.); +82-51-890-3319 (Y.H.C.)
| | - Yung Hyun Choi
- Anti-Aging Research Center, Dong-Eui University, Busan 47340, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Korean Medicine, Dong-Eui University, Busan 47227, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: (H.L.); (Y.H.C.); Tel.: +82-51-890-8129 (H.L.); +82-51-890-3319 (Y.H.C.)
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18
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Peng Y, Zhang J, Lan T, Liu S, Ye T, Wang Y. Meta analysis of the effect of phloroglucinol combined with progesterone in the treatment of threatened miscarriage before 20 weeks of gestation: A protocol for a systematic review. Medicine (Baltimore) 2022; 101:e31885. [PMID: 36451473 PMCID: PMC9704879 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000031885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Threatened miscarriage (TM) is an important factor endangering the health of pregnant women. It not only affects women's physical and mental health, but also destroys family happiness. To treat this disease, it is necessary to find a treatment with better clinical efficacy and fewer side effects. The purpose of this systematic study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of phloroglucinol (PHL) combined with progesterone in the treatment of TM before 20 weeks of pregnancy. METHODS Electronic databases (EMBASE, PubMed, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Web of Science, Elsevier, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Chongqing VIP, and WanFang Data) were searched from inception until September. 2022. Randomized controlled trials of PHL combined with progesterone in the treatment of TM before 20 weeks of gestation will be included, and all articles will be independently screened and collected by 2 reviewers. Revman 5.3.5 software will be used for meta-analysis. The specific process is described in the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews. RESULTS The efficacy and safety of PHL combined with progesterone for the treatment of threatened abortion were comprehensively evaluated in terms of efficacy, efficiency, time of symptom relief, length of hospital stay, and incidence of adverse events. CONCLUSION This study provides reliable evidence for the clinical application of PHL combined with progesterone for the treatment of TM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Peng
- The Affiliated TCM Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | | | - Tian Lan
- The Affiliated TCM Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Shengyue Liu
- The Affiliated TCM Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Tao Ye
- The Affiliated TCM Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Yongzhou Wang
- The Affiliated TCM Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- * Correspondence: Yongzhou Wang, Department of Gynecology, The Affiliated TCM Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China (e-mail: )
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Faezeh Taghizadeh S, Panahi A, Esmaeilzadeh Kashi M, Kretschmer N, Asili J, Ahmad Emami S, Azizi M, Shakeri A. Structural Diversity of Complex Phloroglucinol Derivatives from Eucalyptus Species. Chem Biodivers 2022; 19:e202200025. [PMID: 35621714 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202200025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Several species of the genus Eucalyptus are used in many traditional medicine systems for the treatment of respiratory tract infections, colds, flu, sore throats, and bronchitis. The genus Eucalyptus (Myrtaceae) is a well-known natural source of bioactive phloroglucinols. These polyphenolic compounds bear an aromatic phenyl ring with three hydroxy groups (1,3,5-trihydroxybenzene) which have been exhibiting a variety of biological activities such as antimicrobial, anticancer, anti-allergic, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant activities. This review summarizes the literature published from 1997 until the end of 2021 and addresses the structure diversity of phloroglucinols isolated from Eucalyptus species and their biological activities. Phloroglucinol-terpene adducts are the main class of compounds that have been reported in this genus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyedeh Faezeh Taghizadeh
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, 9177948978, Mashhad, Iran.,Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, 9177897165, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Ali Panahi
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, 9177897165, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Marziyeh Esmaeilzadeh Kashi
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, 9177897165, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Nadine Kretschmer
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Graz, A-8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Javad Asili
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, 9177897165, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Seyed Ahmad Emami
- Department of Traditional Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, 9177897165, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Majid Azizi
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, 9177948978, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Abolfazl Shakeri
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, 9177897165, Mashhad, Iran
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Kumar Y, Tarafdar A, Kumar D, Saravanan C, Badgujar PC, Pharande A, Pareek S, Fawole OA. Polyphenols of Edible Macroalgae: Estimation of In Vitro Bio-Accessibility and Cytotoxicity, Quantification by LC-MS/MS and Potential Utilization as an Antimicrobial and Functional Food Ingredient. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11050993. [PMID: 35624857 PMCID: PMC9137927 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11050993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Macroalgae are a rich source of polyphenols, and their ingestion promotes various health benefits. However, information on factors contributing to health benefits such as antioxidants, antimicrobial properties, bioaccessibility, and cytotoxicity is less explored and often unavailable. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the above-mentioned parameters for the brown and green macroalgae Sargassum wightii and Ulva rigida, respectively, collected from the southeast coast of India. S. wightii exhibited higher antioxidant activity and moderate antimicrobial activity against major food pathogens in an agar well diffusion assay and in the broth microdilution method (MIC50 being <0.5 mg/mL for all microorganisms tested). Both macroalgae extracts exhibited significantly high bioaccessibility of polyphenols. To evaluate the safety of the extracts, in vitro cytotoxicity by a 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay was carried out on the primary cells: mouse splenic lymphocytes. An almost complete decline in the cell viability was seen at considerably high concentration (50 mg/mL), expressing the reasonably high safety of the extracts. The extracts of both macroalgae were quantified for polyphenols, wherein fucoxanthin (9.27 ± 2.28 mg/kg DW) and phloroglucinol (17.96 ± 2.80 mg/kg DW) were found to be greater in the S. wightii apart from other phenolics, like gallic acid, quercetin, vanillin, and ferulic acid. The results signify the tremendous scope for the value addition of S. wightii through extraction and purification of polyphenols for its potential exploitation in functional foods and nutraceuticals or as an antimicrobial ingredient in active or smart packaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yogesh Kumar
- Department of Food Science and Technology, National Institute of Food Technology Entrepreneurship and Management, Kundli, Sonipat 131028, Haryana, India; (Y.K.); (D.K.)
| | - Ayon Tarafdar
- Department of Food Engineering, National Institute of Food Technology Entrepreneurship and Management, Kundli, Sonipat 131028, Haryana, India;
- Livestock Production and Management Section, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly 243122, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Deepak Kumar
- Department of Food Science and Technology, National Institute of Food Technology Entrepreneurship and Management, Kundli, Sonipat 131028, Haryana, India; (Y.K.); (D.K.)
| | - Chakkaravarthi Saravanan
- Department of Basic and Applied Sciences, National Institute of Food Technology Entrepreneurship and Management, Kundli, Sonipat 131028, Haryana, India;
| | - Prarabdh C. Badgujar
- Department of Food Science and Technology, National Institute of Food Technology Entrepreneurship and Management, Kundli, Sonipat 131028, Haryana, India; (Y.K.); (D.K.)
- Correspondence: (P.C.B.); (S.P.); (O.A.F.)
| | - Aparna Pharande
- Laboratory Services Division, Ashwamedh Engineers & Consultants, Nashik 422009, Maharashtra, India;
| | - Sunil Pareek
- Department of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, National Institute of Food Technology Entrepreneurship and Management, Kundli, Sonipat 131028, Haryana, India
- Correspondence: (P.C.B.); (S.P.); (O.A.F.)
| | - Olaniyi Amos Fawole
- Postharvest Research Laboratory, Department of Botany and Plant Biotechnology, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg 2006, South Africa
- Correspondence: (P.C.B.); (S.P.); (O.A.F.)
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Fernando IPS, Lee W, Ahn G. Marine algal flavonoids and phlorotannins; an intriguing frontier of biofunctional secondary metabolites. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2022; 42:23-45. [PMID: 34016003 DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2021.1922351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Algae are the oldest representatives of the plant world with reserves exceeding hundreds of millions of tons in the world's oceans. Currently, a growing interest is placed toward the use of algae as feedstocks for obtaining numerous natural products. Algae are a rich source of polyphenols that possess intriguing structural diversity. Among the algal polyphenols, phlorotannins, which are unique to brown seaweeds, and have immense value as potent modulators of biochemical processes linked to chronic diseases. In algae, flavonoids remain under-explored compared to other categories of polyphenols. Both phlorotannins and flavonoids are inclusive of compounds indicating a wide structural diversity. The present paper reviews the literature on the ecological significance, biosynthesis, structural diversity, and bioactivity of seaweed phlorotannins and flavonoids. The potential implementation of these chemical entities in functional foods, cosmeceuticals, medicaments, and as templates in drug design are described in detail, and perspectives are provided to tackle what are perceived to be the most momentous challenges related to the utilization of phlorotannins and flavonoids. Moving beyond: industrial biotechnology applications, metabolic engineering, total synthesis, biomimetic synthesis, and chemical derivatization of phlorotannins and flavonoids could broaden the research perspectives contributing to the health and economic up-gradation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - WonWoo Lee
- Honam National Institute of Biological Resources, 99, Gohadoan-gil, Mokpo-si, Jeollanam-do, Korea
| | - Ginnae Ahn
- Department of Marine Bio-Food Sciences, Chonnam National University, Yeosu, Republic of Korea
- Department of Food Technology and Nutrition, Chonnam National University, Yeosu, Republic of Korea
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22
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Abdulrashid NI, Aminu S, Adamu RM, Tajuddeen N, Isah MB, Jatau ID, Aliyu AB, Simelane MBC, Onyike E, Ibrahim MA. Phloroglucinol as a Potential Candidate against Trypanosoma congolense Infection: Insights from In Vivo, In Vitro, Molecular Docking and Molecular Dynamic Simulation Analyses. Molecules 2022; 27:469. [PMID: 35056785 PMCID: PMC8781988 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27020469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Sub-Saharan Africa is profoundly challenged with African Animal Trypanosomiasis and the available trypanocides are faced with drawbacks, necessitating the search for novel agents. Herein, the chemotherapeutic potential of phloroglucinol on T. congolense infection and its inhibitory effects on the partially purified T. congolense sialidase and phospholipase A2 (PLA2) were investigated. Treatment with phloroglucinol for 14 days significantly (p < 0.05) suppressed T. congolense proliferation, increased animal survival and ameliorated anemia induced by the parasite. Using biochemical and histopathological analyses, phloroglucinol was found to prevent renal damages and splenomegaly, besides its protection against T. congolense-associated increase in free serum sialic acids in infected animals. Moreover, the compound inhibited bloodstream T. congolense sialidase via mixed inhibition pattern with inhibition binding constant (Ki) of 0.181 µM, but a very low uncompetitive inhibitory effects against PLA2 (Ki > 9000 µM) was recorded. Molecular docking studies revealed binding energies of -4.9 and -5.3 kcal/mol between phloroglucinol with modeled sialidase and PLA2 respectively, while a 50 ns molecular dynamics simulation using GROMACS revealed the sialidase-phloroglucinol complex to be more compact and stable with higher free binding energy (-67.84 ± 0.50 kJ/mol) than PLA2-phloroglucinol complex (-77.17 ± 0.52 kJ/mol), based on MM-PBSA analysis. The sialidase-phloroglucinol complex had a single hydrogen bond interaction with Ser453 while none was observed for the PLA2-phloroglucinol complex. In conclusion, phloroglucinol showed moderate trypanostatic activity with great potential in ameliorating some of the parasite-induced pathologies and its anti-anemic effects might be linked to inhibition of sialidase rather than PLA2.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Suleiman Aminu
- Department of Biochemistry, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria 810241, Nigeria; (N.I.A.); (S.A.); (E.O.)
| | - Rahma Muhammad Adamu
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering and Technology, Sharda University, Greater Noida 201310, India;
| | - Nasir Tajuddeen
- Department of Chemistry, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria 810241, Nigeria; (N.T.); (A.B.A.)
| | - Murtala Bindawa Isah
- Department of Biochemistry, Umaru Musa Yar’adua University, Katsina 820241, Nigeria;
| | - Isa Danladi Jatau
- Department of Veterinary Parasitology and Entomology, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria 810241, Nigeria;
| | - Abubakar Babando Aliyu
- Department of Chemistry, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria 810241, Nigeria; (N.T.); (A.B.A.)
| | | | - Elewechi Onyike
- Department of Biochemistry, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria 810241, Nigeria; (N.I.A.); (S.A.); (E.O.)
| | - Mohammed Auwal Ibrahim
- Department of Biochemistry, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria 810241, Nigeria; (N.I.A.); (S.A.); (E.O.)
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Khan F, Kang MG, Jo DM, Chandika P, Jung WK, Kang HW, Kim YM. Phloroglucinol-Gold and -Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles: Antibiofilm and Antivirulence Activities towards Pseudomonasaeruginosa PAO1. Mar Drugs 2021; 19:601. [PMID: 34822472 PMCID: PMC8624799 DOI: 10.3390/md19110601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
With the advancement of nanotechnology, several nanoparticles have been synthesized as antimicrobial agents by utilizing biologically derived materials. In most cases, the materials used for the synthesis of nanoparticles from natural sources are extracts. Natural extracts contain a wide range of bioactive components, making it difficult to pinpoint the exact component responsible for nanoparticle synthesis. Furthermore, the bioactive component present in the extract changes according to numerous environmental factors. As a result, the current work intended to synthesize gold (AuNPs) and zinc oxide (ZnONPs) nanoparticles using pure phloroglucinol (PG). The synthesized PG-AuNPs and PG-ZnONPs were characterized using a UV-Vis absorption spectrophotometer, FTIR, DLS, FE-TEM, zeta potential, EDS, and energy-dispersive X-ray diffraction. The characterized PG-AuNPs and PG-ZnONPs have been employed to combat the pathogenesis of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. P. aeruginosa is recognized as one of the most prevalent pathogens responsible for the common cause of nosocomial infection in humans. Antimicrobial resistance in P. aeruginosa has been linked to the development of recalcitrant phenotypic characteristics, such as biofilm, which has been identified as one of the major obstacles to antimicrobial therapy. Furthermore, P. aeruginosa generates various virulence factors that are a major cause of chronic infection. These PG-AuNPs and PG-ZnONPs significantly inhibit early stage biofilm and eradicate mature biofilm. Furthermore, these NPs reduce P. aeruginosa virulence factors such as pyoverdine, pyocyanin, protease, rhamnolipid, and hemolytic capabilities. In addition, these NPs significantly reduce P. aeruginosa swarming, swimming, and twitching motility. PG-AuNPs and PG-ZnONPs can be used as control agents for infections caused by the biofilm-forming human pathogenic bacterium P. aeruginosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fazlurrahman Khan
- Research Center for Marine Integrated Bionics Technology, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Korea; (F.K.); (W.-K.J.)
| | - Min-Gyun Kang
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Korea; (M.-G.K.); (D.-M.J.)
| | - Du-Min Jo
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Korea; (M.-G.K.); (D.-M.J.)
| | - Pathum Chandika
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and New-Senior Healthcare Innovation Center (BK21 Plus), Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Korea;
| | - Won-Kyo Jung
- Research Center for Marine Integrated Bionics Technology, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Korea; (F.K.); (W.-K.J.)
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and New-Senior Healthcare Innovation Center (BK21 Plus), Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Korea;
| | - Hyun Wook Kang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Korea;
- Industry 4.0 Convergence Bionics Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Korea
| | - Young-Mog Kim
- Research Center for Marine Integrated Bionics Technology, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Korea; (F.K.); (W.-K.J.)
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Korea; (M.-G.K.); (D.-M.J.)
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Abdallah HM, Timraz NZ, Ibrahim SRM, El-Halawany AM, Malebari AM, Shehata IA, El-Bassossy HM. Nitric-Oxide-Mediated Vasodilation of Bioactive Compounds Isolated from Hypericum revolutum in Rat Aorta. Biology (Basel) 2021; 10:biology10060541. [PMID: 34204229 PMCID: PMC8234642 DOI: 10.3390/biology10060541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Hypericum revolutum (HR) is reported to produce vasodilating activity in phenylephrine-precontracted aortae, where the chloroform fraction is the most potent. Chemical investigation of this fraction yielded two new compounds, revolutin (1) and hyperevolutin C (2), along with three known metabolites, β-sitosterol (3), euxanthone (4), and 2,3,4-tirmethoxy xanthone (5). Isolated compounds 1, 2, 3, and 5 produce vasodilation activities that are dependent on endothelial nitric oxide release. Abstract Vasodilators are an important class in the management of hypertension and related cardiovascular disorders. In this regard, the chloroform fraction of Hypericum revolutum (HR) has been reported to produce vasodilating activity in phenylephrine-precontracted aortae. The current work aims to identify the active metabolites in the chloroform fraction of HR and illustrate the possible mechanism of action. The vasodilation activities were investigated using the isolated artery technique. NO vascular release was assessed by utilizing the NO-sensitive fluorescent probe DAF-FM. Free radical scavenging capacity was assessed utilizing DPPH. Chemical investigation of this fraction yielded two new compounds, revolutin (1) and hyperevolutin C (2), along with three known metabolites, β-sitosterol (3), euxanthone (4), and 2,3,4-tirmethoxy xanthone (5). Compounds 1, 2, 3, and 5 showed significant vasodilation activities that were blocked by either endothelial denudation or L-NAME (nitric oxide synthase inhibitor), pointing towards a role of endothelial nitric oxide in their activities. In confirmation of this role, compounds 1–3 showed a significant release of NO from isolated vessels, as indicated by DAF-FM. On the other hand, only compound 5 showed free radical scavenging activities, as indicated by DPPH. In conclusion, isolated compounds 1, 2, 3, and 5 produce vasodilation activities that are dependent on endothelial nitric oxide release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossam M. Abdallah
- Department of Natural Products and Alternative Medicine, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (N.Z.T.); (I.A.S.)
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo 11562, Egypt;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +966-54-4733-110
| | - Noha Z. Timraz
- Department of Natural Products and Alternative Medicine, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (N.Z.T.); (I.A.S.)
| | - Sabrin R. M. Ibrahim
- Batterjee Medical College, North Obhur, Abdullah Al-Faisal Street, Jeddah 21442, Saudi Arabia;
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut 71526, Egypt
| | - Ali M. El-Halawany
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo 11562, Egypt;
| | - Azizah M. Malebari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Ibrahim A. Shehata
- Department of Natural Products and Alternative Medicine, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (N.Z.T.); (I.A.S.)
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo 11562, Egypt;
| | - Hany M. El-Bassossy
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt;
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Jeong GH, Cho JH, Jo C, Park S, Kim SB, Kim TH. Novel Hybrid Molecules Based on (-)-Epigallocatechin Gallate as Potent Anti-adipogenic Agents. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2021; 68:1155-1162. [PMID: 33268647 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.c20-00229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A series of novel (-)-epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG)-phloroglucinol hybrid compounds 1-4 has been successfully synthesized by employing a simple and efficient methodology using a dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma irradiation. The new hybrid structures were determined by interpretation of spectroscopic data, with the absolute configurations being established by analysis of the circular dichroism (CD) spectra. The novel hybrids 1 and 2 showed highly improved anti-adipogenic potencies toward both pancreatic lipase and preadipocytes differentiation in 3T3-L1 compared to the original EGCG and phloroglucinol. A novel hybrid 1 represent an interesting subclass of anti-adipogenic candidates that need further research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jae-Hyeon Cho
- Institute of Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University
| | - Cheorun Jo
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Seoul National University
| | - Seungil Park
- Plasma Technology Research Center, National Fusion Research Institute
| | - Seong Bong Kim
- Plasma Technology Research Center, National Fusion Research Institute
| | - Tae Hoon Kim
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Daegu University
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A. Mahrous E, Al-Abd AM, Salama MM, Fathy MM, Soliman FM, R. Saber F. Cattleianal and Cattleianone: Two New Meroterpenoids from Psidium cattleianum Leaves and Their Selective Antiproliferative Action against Human Carcinoma Cells. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26102891. [PMID: 34068314 PMCID: PMC8153265 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26102891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The Myrteacae family is known as a rich source of phloroglucinols, a group of secondary metabolites with notable biological activities. Leaves of Psidium cattleianum were extracted with chloroform: methanol 8:2 to target the isolation of phloroglucinol derivatives. Isolated compounds were characterized using different spectroscopic methods: nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), ultra-violet (UV) and mass spectrometry (MS). Two new phloroglucinols were evaluated for cytotoxicity against a panel of six human cancer cell lines, namely colorectal adenocarcinoma cells (HT-29 and HCT-116); hepatocellular carcinoma cells (HepG-2); laryngeal carcinoma (Hep-2); breast adenocarcinoma cells (MCF7 and MDA-MB231), in addition to normal human melanocytes HFB-4. Additionally, cell cycle analysis and annexin-V/FITC-staining were used to gain insights into the mechanism of action of the isolated compounds. The new phloroglucinol meroterpenoids, designated cattleianal and cattleianone, showed selective antiproliferative action against HT-29 cells with IC50’s of 35.2 and 32.1 μM, respectively. Results obtained using cell cycle analysis and annexin-V/FITC-staining implicated both necrosis and apoptosis pathways in the selective cytotoxicity of cattleianal and cattleianone. Our findings suggest that both compounds are selective antiproliferative agents and support further mechanistic studies for phloroglucinol meroterpenoids as scaffolds for developing new selective chemotherapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Engy A. Mahrous
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr el-Aini Street, Cairo 11562, Egypt; (E.A.M.); (M.M.S.); (M.M.F.); (F.M.S.); (F.R.S.)
| | - Ahmed M. Al-Abd
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy & Thumbay Research Institute of Precision Medicine, Gulf Medical University, Ajman 4084, United Arab Emirates
- Pharmacology Department, Medical Division, National Research Centre, Cairo 11562, Egypt
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +971-56-464-2929
| | - Maha M. Salama
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr el-Aini Street, Cairo 11562, Egypt; (E.A.M.); (M.M.S.); (M.M.F.); (F.M.S.); (F.R.S.)
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, The British University in Egypt, El-Sherouk City, Cairo 11837, Egypt
| | - Magda M. Fathy
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr el-Aini Street, Cairo 11562, Egypt; (E.A.M.); (M.M.S.); (M.M.F.); (F.M.S.); (F.R.S.)
| | - Fathy M. Soliman
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr el-Aini Street, Cairo 11562, Egypt; (E.A.M.); (M.M.S.); (M.M.F.); (F.M.S.); (F.R.S.)
| | - Fatema R. Saber
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr el-Aini Street, Cairo 11562, Egypt; (E.A.M.); (M.M.S.); (M.M.F.); (F.M.S.); (F.R.S.)
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27
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Wu HY, Gao TJ, Cao YW, You PH. Case Report: Phloroglucinol-Induced Kounis Syndrome. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:668318. [PMID: 34012985 PMCID: PMC8126616 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.668318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Kounis syndrome is an allergy-related acute coronary syndrome that is induced by various pharmacological and environmental factors. Given that many clinicians are not aware of this condition, many cases may be underdiagnosed. We report a case of type II Kounis syndrome induced by phloroglucinol. Case Summary: A 52-year-old man with pre-existing coronary artery stenosis presented with a 30-min history of chest pain and erythematous rash after intramuscular administration of phloroglucinol. An electrocardiogram demonstrated ST-segment elevation in leads II, III and aVF. Emergency coronary angiography revealed severe stenosis in the distal right coronary artery. Intravascular ultrasound showed plaque rupture and thrombosis, and the minimum lumen area was 3.0 mm2. A 3.5 × 38 mm stent was implanted in the distal right coronary artery. Troponin I levels were elevated. A diagnosis of type II Kounis syndrome induced by phloroglucinol was made, and the condition manifested as acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction. Conclusions: Clinicians should be aware of Kounis syndrome as a possible diagnosis in a patient who presents with chest pain and allergic manifestations given that an increasing number of triggers are being reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao-Yu Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Tian-Jiao Gao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xi'an Children's Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Yi-Wei Cao
- Department of Electrocardiology, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Peng-Hua You
- Department of Cardiology, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, China
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28
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Arapitsas P, Perenzoni D, Guella G, Mattivi F. Improving the Phloroglucinolysis Protocol and Characterization of Sagrantino Wines Proanthocyanidins. Molecules 2021; 26:1087. [PMID: 33669538 PMCID: PMC7922431 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26041087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Proanthocyanidins are key metabolites that explain wine sensorial character (bitterness and astringency) and red wine color changes during aging. Therefore, a fast and accurate method to evaluate the degree of polymerization and the structural composition of the polymeric proanthocyanidins is a crucial analytical tool. Phloroglucinolysis is the most used method for this analysis but, unfortunately, the phloroglucinol adducts of the monomeric flavan-3-ols are not commercially available, making the results less accurate. The aim of this work was the isolation by semi-preparative high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) of these non-commercial compounds and their use for the development of an accurate UHPLC-MS/MS protocol. The purity of each adduct was established via quantitative 1H-nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) measurements with 3-trimethylsilyl-propionic-d4 acid sodium salt as the calibration standard. The developed method was applied to evaluate the proanthocyanidins profile of Sagrantino di Montefalco wines in comparison to other well-known tannic wines. Commercial, 6-8 years old Sagrantino wines were demonstrated to be very rich in epicatechin type B procyanidins, to have low galloylation %, and to have a high mean degree of polymerization of the proanthocyanidins with respect to the other analyzed wines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panagiotis Arapitsas
- Department of Food Quality and Nutrition, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, 38098 San Michele all’Adige, Italy; (P.A.); (D.P.)
| | - Daniele Perenzoni
- Department of Food Quality and Nutrition, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, 38098 San Michele all’Adige, Italy; (P.A.); (D.P.)
| | - Graziano Guella
- Department of Physics, University of Trento, Via Sommarive 14, 38123 Povo Trento, Italy;
| | - Fulvio Mattivi
- Department of Food Quality and Nutrition, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, 38098 San Michele all’Adige, Italy; (P.A.); (D.P.)
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology, CIBIO, University of Trento, 38098 San Michele all’Adige, Italy
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Kumar V, Baruah K, Nguyen DV, Smagghe G, Vossen E, Bossier P. Corrigendum: Phloroglucinol-Mediated Hsp70 Production in Crustaceans: Protection against Vibrio parahaemolyticus in Artemia franciscana and Macrobrachium rosenbergii. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1860. [PMID: 32973767 PMCID: PMC7461814 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Vikash Kumar
- Laboratory of Aquaculture & Artemia Reference Center, Department of Animal Sciences and Aquatic Ecology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,ICAR-Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute (CIFRI), Barrackpore, India
| | - Kartik Baruah
- Laboratory of Aquaculture & Artemia Reference Center, Department of Animal Sciences and Aquatic Ecology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Dung Viet Nguyen
- Laboratory of Aquaculture & Artemia Reference Center, Department of Animal Sciences and Aquatic Ecology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Guy Smagghe
- Department of Crop Protection, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Els Vossen
- Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Animal Product Quality, Department of Animal Sciences and Aquatic Ecology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Peter Bossier
- Laboratory of Aquaculture & Artemia Reference Center, Department of Animal Sciences and Aquatic Ecology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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Petti C. Phloroglucinol Mediated Plant Regeneration of Ornithogalum dubium as the Sole "Hormone-Like Supplement" in Plant Tissue Culture Long-Term Experiments. Plants (Basel) 2020; 9:E929. [PMID: 32717803 PMCID: PMC7464755 DOI: 10.3390/plants9080929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Tissue culture is an essential requirement in plant science to preserve genetic resources and to expand naturally occurring germplasm. A variety of naturally occurring and synthetic hormones are available to induce the processes of dedifferentiation and redifferentiation. Not all plant material is susceptible to tissue culture, and often complex media and hormone requirements are needed to achieve successful plant propagations. The availability of new hormones or chemicals acting as hormones are critical to the expansion of tissue culture potentials. Phloroglucinol has been shown to have certain hormone-like properties in a variety of studies. Ornithogalum dubium, an important geophyte species, was used to characterise the potential of phloroglucinol as the sole plant-like hormone in a tissue culture experiment. Tissue culture, plant regeneration, total phenolic and genetic variability were established by applying a variety of methods throughout long-term experiments. Phloroglucinol did induce callus formation and plant regeneration when used as the sole supplement in the media at a rate of 37%, thus demonstrating auxin/cytokines-like properties. Callus formation was of 3 types, friable and cellular, hard and compact, and a mixture of the two. The important finding was that direct somatogenesis did occur albeit more frequently on younger tissue, whereby rates of induction were up to 52%. It is concluded that phloroglucinol acts as a "hormone-like" molecule and can trigger direct embryogenesis without callus formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carloalberto Petti
- Institute of Technology Carlow, EnviroCORE, DSH, Kilkenny Road, R93 V960 Carlow, Ireland
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Jang JH, Lee OR. Patatin-Related Phospholipase AtpPLAIIIα Affects Lignification of Xylem in Arabidopsis and Hybrid Poplars. Plants (Basel) 2020; 9:E451. [PMID: 32260242 DOI: 10.3390/plants9040451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Lipid acyl hydrolase are a diverse group of enzymes that hydrolyze the ester or amide bonds of fatty acid in plant lipids. Patatin-related phospholipase AIIIs (pPLAIIIs) are one of major lipid acyl hydrolases that are less closely related to potato tuber patatins and are plant-specific. Recently, overexpression of ginseng-derived PgpPLAIIIβ was reported to be involved in the reduced level of lignin content in Arabidopsis and the mature xylem layer of poplar. The presence of lignin-polysaccharides renders cell walls recalcitrant for pulping and biofuel production. The tissue-specific regulation of lignin biosynthesis, without altering all xylem in plants, can be utilized usefully by keeping mechanical strength and resistance to various environmental stimuli. To identify another pPLAIII homolog from Arabidopsis, constitutively overexpressed AtpPLAIIIα was characterized for xylem lignification in two well-studied model plants, Arabidopsis and poplar. The characterization of gene function in annual and perennial plants with respect to lignin biosynthesis revealed the functional redundancy of less lignification via downregulation of lignin biosynthesis-related genes.
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Al-Shara B, Taha RM, Mohamad J, Elias H, Khan A. Somatic Embryogenesis and Plantlet Regeneration in the Carica papaya L . cv. Eksotika. Plants (Basel) 2020; 9:plants9030360. [PMID: 32178429 PMCID: PMC7154855 DOI: 10.3390/plants9030360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Revised: 03/08/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A highly efficient protocol for regeneration of Carica papaya L. cv. Eksotika somatic embryos from immature zygotic embryos was developed. This study was designed to overcome the obstacles in regeneration of somatic embryos from immature zygotic embryos of “Eksotika”, especially problems associated with formation of better root quality and callus formation at the base of somatic embryos. Somatic embryos were generated by incubation of immature zygotic embryos in half-strength salt Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium with full-strength vitamins supplemented with 7.5 mg L−1 2,4-D, 100 mg L−1 L-glutamine, 50 mg L−1myo-inositol, 45 mg L−1 adenine sulphate, 0.33% gelrite, and 6% sucrose, followed by transfer to maturation medium consisting of ½ MS medium supplemented with 5 mg L−1 phloroglucinol, 100 mg L−1 L-glutamine, 100 mg L−1myo-inositol, 68 mg L−1 adenine sulphate, 0.38% gelrite, and 3% sucrose. After that, well-formed somatic embryos were transferred to MS medium containing 3% sucrose and 0.8% agar for shoot production. The embryos were elongated in MS medium supplemented with 1 mg L−1 gibberellic acid, 0.5 mg L−1 indole-3-butyric acid, 100 mg L−1myo-inositol, and 3.76 mg L−1 riboflavin. Root regeneration was achieved on MS medium containing 7.9 mg L−1 phloroglucinol and supported with vermiculite after 4 days of cultivation on ½ MS medium with 2 mg L−1 indole-3-butyric acid. After the rooting phase, in vitro plantlets were acclimatized in peat moss soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baker Al-Shara
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; (R.M.T.); (J.M.); (A.K.)
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +96-279-897-7085
| | - Rosna Mat Taha
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; (R.M.T.); (J.M.); (A.K.)
| | - Jamaludin Mohamad
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; (R.M.T.); (J.M.); (A.K.)
| | - Hashimah Elias
- Faculty of Resource Science and Technology, University Malaysia Sarawak (UNIMAS), 94300 Kota Samarahan, Sarawak, Malaysia;
| | - Asif Khan
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; (R.M.T.); (J.M.); (A.K.)
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Mohos V, Fliszár-Nyúl E, Lemli B, Zsidó BZ, Hetényi C, Mladěnka P, Horký P, Pour M, Poór M. Testing the Pharmacokinetic Interactions of 24 Colonic Flavonoid Metabolites with Human Serum Albumin and Cytochrome P450 Enzymes. Biomolecules 2020; 10:E409. [PMID: 32155912 PMCID: PMC7175153 DOI: 10.3390/biom10030409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Revised: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Flavonoids are abundant polyphenols in nature. They are extensively biotransformed in enterocytes and hepatocytes, where conjugated (methyl, sulfate, and glucuronide) metabolites are formed. However, bacterial microflora in the human intestines also metabolize flavonoids, resulting in the production of smaller phenolic fragments (e.g., hydroxybenzoic, hydroxyacetic and hydroxycinnamic acids, and hydroxybenzenes). Despite the fact that several colonic metabolites appear in the circulation at high concentrations, we have only limited information regarding their pharmacodynamic effects and pharmacokinetic interactions. Therefore, in this in vitro study, we investigated the interactions of 24 microbial flavonoid metabolites with human serum albumin and cytochrome P450 (CYP2C9, 2C19, and 3A4) enzymes. Our results demonstrated that some metabolites (e.g., 2,4-dihydroxyacetophenone, pyrogallol, O-desmethylangolensin, and 2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzoic acid) form stable complexes with albumin. However, the compounds tested did not considerably displace Site I and II marker drugs from albumin. All CYP isoforms examined were significantly inhibited by O-desmethylangolensin; nevertheless, only its effect on CYP2C9 seems to be relevant. Furthermore, resorcinol and phloroglucinol showed strong inhibitory effects on CYP3A4. Our results demonstrate that, besides flavonoid aglycones and their conjugated derivatives, some colonic metabolites are also able to interact with proteins involved in the pharmacokinetics of drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Violetta Mohos
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Pécs, Szigeti út 12, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary; (V.M.); (E.F.-N.)
- János Szentágothai Research Center, University of Pécs, Ifjúság útja 20, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary; (B.L.)
| | - Eszter Fliszár-Nyúl
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Pécs, Szigeti út 12, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary; (V.M.); (E.F.-N.)
- János Szentágothai Research Center, University of Pécs, Ifjúság útja 20, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary; (B.L.)
| | - Beáta Lemli
- János Szentágothai Research Center, University of Pécs, Ifjúság útja 20, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary; (B.L.)
- Institute of Organic and Medicinal Chemistry, Medical School, University of Pécs, Szigeti út 12, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Balázs Zoltán Zsidó
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Medical School, University of Pécs, Szigeti út 12, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary; (B.Z.Z.); (C.H.)
| | - Csaba Hetényi
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Medical School, University of Pécs, Szigeti út 12, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary; (B.Z.Z.); (C.H.)
| | - Přemysl Mladěnka
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Heyrovského 1203, 500 05 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic; (P.M.)
| | - Pavel Horký
- Department of Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Akademika Heyrovského 1203, 500 05 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic; (P.H.)
- Department of Social and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Zborovská 2089, 500 05 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Milan Pour
- Department of Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Akademika Heyrovského 1203, 500 05 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic; (P.H.)
| | - Miklós Poór
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Pécs, Szigeti út 12, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary; (V.M.); (E.F.-N.)
- János Szentágothai Research Center, University of Pécs, Ifjúság útja 20, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary; (B.L.)
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Kim HJ, Yong HI, Lee BW, Park S, Baek KH, Kim TH, Jo C. Plasma-Polymerized Phlorotannins and Their Enhanced Biological Activities. J Agric Food Chem 2020; 68:2357-2365. [PMID: 31967810 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b07077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Here, we investigated the effect of cold plasma (CP) on the biological activities of phloroglucinol. Phloroglucinol (7.92 and 15.84 mM in methanol) was treated with air dielectric barrier discharge plasma at 250 W. In vitro, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical-scavenging activity and ferrous-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) values of phloroglucinol increased in plasma treatment in a time-dependent manner. CP treatment of phloroglucinol decreased the lipid oxidation of oil emulsion during storage and increased the antimicrobial activity against Bacillus cereus, Escherichia coli O157:H7, and Staphylococcus aureus. Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory activity of phloroglucinol increased and total phenolic content decreased based on CP treatment. The CP-induced polymerization of phloroglocinol to phlorotannin derivatives was identified using high-performance liquid chromatography with UV detector and electrospray ionization/mass spectrometry (HPLC-UV-ESI/MS) method. Consequently, the polymer structure of phloroglucinol was found in the CP-treated phloroglucinol. In addition, CP enhances the biological activity of phloroglucinol and could be applied to bioactive materials in food and related industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Joo Kim
- Crop Post-harvest Technology Division, Department of Central Area Crop Science, National Institute of Crop Science , Rural Development Administration , Suwon 16613 , Korea
| | - Hae In Yong
- Research Group of Food Processing , Korea Food Research Institute , Wanju 55365 , Korea
| | - Byong Won Lee
- Crop Post-harvest Technology Division, Department of Central Area Crop Science, National Institute of Crop Science , Rural Development Administration , Suwon 16613 , Korea
| | - Sanghoo Park
- Plasma Technology Research Center , National Fusion Research Institute , Gunsan 54004 , Korea
| | - Ki Ho Baek
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences , Seoul National University , Seoul 08826 , Korea
| | - Tae Hoon Kim
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology , Daegu University , Daegu 38453 , Korea
| | - Cheorun Jo
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences , Seoul National University , Seoul 08826 , Korea
- Institute of Green Bio Science and Technology , Seoul National University , Pyeongchang 25354 , Korea
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Guzmán D, Santiago D, Serra À, Ferrando F. Novel Bio-Based Epoxy Thermosets Based on Triglycidyl Phloroglucinol Prepared by Thiol-Epoxy Reaction. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12020337. [PMID: 32033354 PMCID: PMC7077446 DOI: 10.3390/polym12020337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Revised: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The pure trifunctional glycidyl monomer from phloroglucinol (3EPO-Ph) was synthesized and used as feedstock in the preparation of novel bio-based thermosets by thiol-epoxy curing. The monomer was crosslinked with different commercially available thiols: tetrafunctional thiol (PETMP), trifunctional thiol (TTMP) and an aromatic dithiol (TBBT) as curing agents in the presence of a base. As catalyst, two different commercial catalysts: LC-80 and 4-(N,N-dimethylamino) pyridine (DMAP) and a synthetic catalyst, imidazolium tetraphenylborate (base generator, BG) were employed. The curing of the reactive mixtures was studied by using DSC and the obtained materials by means of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA). The results revealed that only the formulations catalyzed by BG showed a latent character. Already prepared thermosetting materials showed excellent thermal, thermomechanical and mechanical properties, with a high transparency. In addition to that, when compared with the diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A (DGEBA)/PETMP material, the thermosets prepared from the triglycidyl derivative of phloroglucinol have better final characteristics and therefore this derivative can be considered as a partial or total renewable substitute of DGEBA in technological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dailyn Guzmán
- Eurecat–Chemical Technology Unit, c/Marcel·lí Domingo 2, Edif. N5, 43007 Tarragona, Spain;
- Correspondence:
| | - David Santiago
- Eurecat–Chemical Technology Unit, c/Marcel·lí Domingo 2, Edif. N5, 43007 Tarragona, Spain;
| | - Àngels Serra
- Department of Analytical and Organic Chemistry, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, c/Marcel·lí Domingo 1, Edif. N4, 43007 Tarragona, Spain;
| | - Francesc Ferrando
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Av. Països Catalans 26, 43007 Tarragona, Spain;
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Nishiwaki H, Ikari M, Fujiwara S, Nishi K, Sugahara T, Akiyama K, Yamauchi S. Cytotoxicity against HL60 Cells of Ficifolidione Derivatives with Methyl, n-Pentyl, and n-Heptyl Groups. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24224081. [PMID: 31718080 PMCID: PMC6891661 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24224081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Revised: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Ficifolidione, a natural insecticidal compound isolated from the essential oils of Myetaceae species, is a spiro phloroglucinol with an isobutyl group at the C-4 position. We found that ficifolidione showed cytotoxicity against cancer cells via apoptosis. Replacement of the isobutyl group by n-propyl group did not influence the potency, but the effect of the replacement of this group by a shorter or longer alkyl group on the biological activity remains unknown. In this study, ficifolidione derivatives with alkyl groups such as methyl, n-pentyl, and n-heptyl group—instead of the isobutyl group at the C-4 position—were synthesized to evaluate their cytotoxicity against the human promyelocytic leukaemia cell line HL60 and their insecticidal activity against mosquito larvae. The biological activities of their corresponding 4-epimers were also evaluated. As a result, the conversion of the isobutyl group to another alkyl group did not significantly influence the cytotoxicity or insecticidal activity. In HL60 cells treated with the n-heptyl-ficifolidione derivative, the activation of caspase 3/7 and the early stages of apoptosis were detected by using immunofluorescence and flow cytometric techniques, respectively, suggesting that the cytotoxicity should be induced by apoptosis even though the alkyl group was changed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hisashi Nishiwaki
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Ehime University, 3-5-7 Tarumi, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8566, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-89-946-9973
| | - Megumi Ikari
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Ehime University, 3-5-7 Tarumi, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8566, Japan
| | - Satomi Fujiwara
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Ehime University, 3-5-7 Tarumi, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8566, Japan
| | - Kosuke Nishi
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Ehime University, 3-5-7 Tarumi, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8566, Japan
| | - Takuya Sugahara
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Ehime University, 3-5-7 Tarumi, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8566, Japan
| | - Koichi Akiyama
- ADRES Tarumi station, Ehime University, 3-5-7 Tarumi, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8566, Japan
| | - Satoshi Yamauchi
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Ehime University, 3-5-7 Tarumi, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8566, Japan
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Pranav Nayak B, Ganesha KR, Minaz N, Razdan R, Goswami SK. Phloroglucinol, a nutraceutical for IR-induced cardiac damage in diabetic rats. Animal Model Exp Med 2019; 2:210-216. [PMID: 31773097 PMCID: PMC6762217 DOI: 10.1002/ame2.12079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Revised: 07/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Myocardial injury due to ischemia-reperfusion (IR) is aggravated in diabetes which is associated with oxidative stress. Alleviating oxidative stress via use of antioxidants has been shown to be effective at minimizing myocardial cell death and improving cardiac function. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the cardioprotective effect of phloroglucinol against myocardial reperfusion injury (MRI) in diabetic rats. METHODS Diabetes was induced in female rats with streptozotocin (50 mg/kg). The diabetic rats were orally treated with phloroglucinol (100 and 200 mg/kg daily for 28 days). After treatment the hearts were isolated and mounted on a Langendorff apparatus. The hearts were subjected to 15 minutes of IR to induce myocardial damage. Cardiac functions including heart rate (HR), resting and developed tension, and rate of change of contraction (+dP/dt max) were recorded. Cardiac injury biomarkers lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and creatine kinase (CK-MB) were measured in the heart perfusate. Levels of the antioxidant enzymes reduced glutathione (GSH) and malondialdehyde (MDA) were measured. Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining was also performed. RESULTS After IR injury, a decrease in HR and +dP/dt max in hearts from diabetic rat was seen compared to healthy rat hearts, which was reversed by phloroglucinol treatment. Myocardial infarct size, measured by H&E staining, was increased in diabetic rats compared to healthy rats and an increase in the activity of LDH and CK-MB in the heart perfusate in diabetic rats was decreased by phloroglucinol treatment. An increase in MDA levels and a decrease in levels of antioxidant enzymes were observed in diabetic rats, which was reversed with phloroglucinol treatment. CONCLUSION Phloroglucinol treatment has potential therapeutic promise in the treatment of MRI in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- B. Pranav Nayak
- Department of PharmacologyAl‐Ameen College of PharmacyBengaluruKarnatakaIndia
| | - K. R. Ganesha
- Department of PharmacologyAl‐Ameen College of PharmacyBengaluruKarnatakaIndia
| | - Nathani Minaz
- Department of PharmacologyAl‐Ameen College of PharmacyBengaluruKarnatakaIndia
| | - Rema Razdan
- Department of PharmacologyAl‐Ameen College of PharmacyBengaluruKarnatakaIndia
| | - Sumanta Kumar Goswami
- Department of PharmacologyAl‐Ameen College of PharmacyBengaluruKarnatakaIndia
- Department of Pharmaceutical sciencesNortheastern UniversityBostonMAUSA
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Yuan S, Gao F, Xin Z, Guo H, Shi S, Shi L, Yang X, Guan J. Comparison of the efficacy and safety of phloroglucinol and magnesium sulfate in the treatment of threatened abortion: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Medicine (Baltimore) 2019; 98:e16026. [PMID: 31192955 PMCID: PMC6587576 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000016026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To compare the clinical efficacy and safety of phloroglucinol (PHL) and magnesium sulfate (MS) in the treatment of threatened abortion through systematic review. METHODS Foreign databases, such as the Cochrane Library, PubMed and EMBASE, and Chinese databases, including the China Biology Medicine disc (SinoMed), China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Chongqing VIP (VIP) and WanFang Data, were searched. Published randomized controlled trials (RCTs) documents obtained from these databases were included if they were associated with the research objective. The search timeframe was from the beginning of the establishment of each database to May 2018. Document selection, data abstraction and document quality evaluation were independently performed by 2 investigators. A combined analysis of the data was performed for those documents that fulfilled the study requirements; Rev Man 5.3 and Stata 12.0 software were used to compare and analyze the 2 drugs in terms of the total effective rate (TER), rate of adverse events, time required to relieve uterine contractions, onset time, time of complete relief of uterine contraction symptoms, medication duration and length of hospital stay. RESULTS A total of 21 RCT trials were included in the present research, according to the inclusion criteria. However, the quality of the included studies was low. The meta-analysis suggested that the TER and drug onset time of PHL were higher than those for MS, while the rate of adverse events, the time required to relieve uterine contractions, time to complete relief of uterine contraction symptoms, drug continuous treatment time and length of hospital stay were shorter than those for MS. CONCLUSION The clinical efficacy of PHL is better than that of MS, and PHL obviously results in fewer adverse reactions than MS. However, due to poor quality of evidence, high quality, multi-center RCTs with large samples are required for further verification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaofei Yuan
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Baotou Medical College, Baotou
| | - Fengli Gao
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Baotou Medical College, Baotou
| | - Zhong Xin
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Baotou Medical College, Baotou
| | - Haijun Guo
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Baotou Medical College, Baotou
| | - Suqin Shi
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Baotou Medical College, Baotou
| | - Lei Shi
- Department of Pharmacy, Huhhot First Hospital, Yuquan District, Huhhot, Inner Mongolia
| | - Xia Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, Baogang Hospital (The Third Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University), Kundulun District, Baotou, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region
| | - Jingzhi Guan
- Department of Pharmacy, Inner Mongolia International Mongolian Hospital, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China
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Park C, Cha HJ, Hong SH, Kim GY, Kim S, Kim HS, Kim BW, Jeon YJ, Choi YH. Protective Effect of Phloroglucinol on Oxidative Stress-Induced DNA Damage and Apoptosis through Activation of the Nrf2/HO-1 Signaling Pathway in HaCaT Human Keratinocytes. Mar Drugs 2019; 17:md17040225. [PMID: 31013932 PMCID: PMC6520966 DOI: 10.3390/md17040225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Revised: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Phloroglucinol (PG) is a component of phlorotannins, which are abundant in marine brown alga species. Recent studies have shown that PG is beneficial in protecting cells from oxidative stress. In this study, we evaluated the protective efficacy of PG in HaCaT human skin keratinocytes stimulated with oxidative stress (hydrogen peroxide, H2O2). The results showed that PG significantly inhibited the H2O2-induced growth inhibition in HaCaT cells, which was associated with increased expression of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) by the activation of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor-2 (Nrf2). PG remarkably reversed H2O2-induced excessive ROS production, DNA damage, and apoptosis. Additionally, H2O2-induced mitochondrial dysfunction was related to a decrease in ATP levels, and in the presence of PG, these changes were significantly impaired. Furthermore, the increases of cytosolic release of cytochrome c and ratio of Bax to Bcl-2, and the activation of caspase-9 and caspase-3 by the H2O2 were markedly abolished under the condition of PG pretreatment. However, the inhibition of HO-1 function using zinc protoporphyrin, a HO-1 inhibitor, markedly attenuated these protective effects of PG against H2O2. Overall, our results suggest that PG is able to protect HaCaT keratinocytes against oxidative stress-induced DNA damage and apoptosis through activating the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheol Park
- Department of Molecular Biology, College of Natural Sciences, Dong-eui University, Busan 47340, Korea.
| | - Hee-Jae Cha
- Department of Parasitology and Genetics, College of Medicine, Kosin University, Busan 49267, Korea.
| | - Su Hyun Hong
- Department of Biochemistry, Dong-eui University College of Korean Medicine, Busan 47227, Korea.
- Anti-Aging Research Center, Dong-eui University, Busan 47227, Korea.
| | - Gi-Young Kim
- Department of Marine Life Sciences, School of Marine Biomedical Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea.
| | - Suhkmann Kim
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea.
| | - Heui-Soo Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea.
| | - Byung Woo Kim
- Biopharmaceutical Engineering Major, Division of Applied Bioengineering, College of Engineering, Dong-eui University, Busan 47340, Korea.
| | - You-Jin Jeon
- Department of Marine Life Sciences, School of Marine Biomedical Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea.
| | - Yung Hyun Choi
- Department of Biochemistry, Dong-eui University College of Korean Medicine, Busan 47227, Korea.
- Anti-Aging Research Center, Dong-eui University, Busan 47227, Korea.
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40
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Abstract
Our continuation on the bio-assay guided isolation from Myrtus communis Linn. led to the discovery of a new dibezofuran type phloroglucinol 1,1'-(1,3,7,9-tetrahydroxydibenzo[b,d]furan-2,8-diyl)bis(ethan-1-one) 1. The structure was established through detailed spectroscopic studies including one and two dimensional NMR spectroscopy and electrospray ionization high resolution mass spectrometer (ESI-HRMS). The crude acetone extract from M. communis (AMA), dichloromethane fraction (DCM), and the isolated pure compound 1 were tested against pathogenic bacteria. Compound 1 displayed higher antibacterial activity against the Gram-positive and Gram-negative Staphlocococus aureus and Escherichia coli respectively as compared to the crude extract and fractions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noureen Khan
- Department of Chemistry, Sardar Bahadur Khan Women's University, Quetta, Pakistan.,King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80203, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, 21589
| | - Shagufta Rasool
- Department of Chemistry, Sarhad University of Science and Information Technology, Peshawar, Pakistan.,King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80203, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, 21589
| | - Shahid Ali Khan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Swabi, Anbar-23561, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.,Center of Excellence for Advanced Materials Research and Department of Chemistry.,King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80203, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, 21589
| | - Sher Bahadar Khan
- Center of Excellence for Advanced Materials Research and Department of Chemistry.,King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80203, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, 21589
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41
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Tan SN, Tee CS, Wong HL. Multiple shoot bud induction and plant regeneration studies of Pongamia pinnata. Plant Biotechnol (Tokyo) 2018; 35:325-334. [PMID: 31892819 PMCID: PMC6905217 DOI: 10.5511/plantbiotechnology.18.0711a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Pongamia pinnata is a legume plant which has great potential to be used as a biofuel feedstock. Conventional propagation of P. pinnata was found to be inefficient for mass propagation. Employing plant tissue culture techniques for micropropagation and further plant improvement of P. pinnata will be the right path to fulfill future challenges in biofuel production. This study aimed to establish a plant regeneration system for potential micropropagation and genetic manipulation of P. pinnata in future. In vitro nodal explants were used and Woody Plant Medium (WPM) containing 30 µM 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) and 1 mM phloroglucinol (PG) was able to induce higher frequency of multiple shoot buds compared to other media investigated in this study. For shoot regeneration study, WPM containing 15 µM of zeatin and 1 mM PG was able to induce longer shoots while rooting of the regenerated shoots was enhanced by WPM supplemented with indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) in combination with silver thiosulphate (STS). A simple and effective acclimatisation protocol was established with very high survival frequency of regenerated plantlets. Root nodulation of the successfully acclimatised plants was also observed. In short, multiple shoot buds were successfully induced, regenerated and rooted in vitro. The rooted plantlets were successfully acclimatised and grown healthily. It was concluded that a successful plant regeneration protocol of P. pinnata was achieved for potential application in micropropagation and genetic manipulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si Nan Tan
- Department of Biological Science, Faculty of Science, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Jalan Universiti, Bandar Barat, 31900 Kampar, Perak, Malaysia
| | - Chong Siang Tee
- Department of Biological Science, Faculty of Science, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Jalan Universiti, Bandar Barat, 31900 Kampar, Perak, Malaysia
| | - Hann Ling Wong
- Department of Biological Science, Faculty of Science, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Jalan Universiti, Bandar Barat, 31900 Kampar, Perak, Malaysia
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42
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Singleton C, Brkljača R, Urban S. Absolute Configuration Determination of Retroflexanone Using the Advanced Mosher Method and Application of HPLC-NMR. Mar Drugs 2018; 16:E205. [PMID: 29895761 PMCID: PMC6025468 DOI: 10.3390/md16060205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Revised: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The absolute configuration of retroflexanone (1) and a closely related phlorogluinol (2) was established using the advanced Mosher method and by application of HPLC-NMR. HPLC-NMR permitted a small scale Mosher method analysis to be carried out on these unstable phloroglucinols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caleb Singleton
- School of Science (Applied Chemistry and Environmental Science), RMIT University, GPO Box 2476, Melbourne, VIC 3001, Australia.
| | - Robert Brkljača
- School of Science (Applied Chemistry and Environmental Science), RMIT University, GPO Box 2476, Melbourne, VIC 3001, Australia.
| | - Sylvia Urban
- School of Science (Applied Chemistry and Environmental Science), RMIT University, GPO Box 2476, Melbourne, VIC 3001, Australia.
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43
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Kumar V, Baruah K, Nguyen DV, Smagghe G, Vossen E, Bossier P. Phloroglucinol-Mediated Hsp70 Production in Crustaceans: Protection against Vibrio parahaemolyticus in Artemia franciscana and Macrobrachium rosenbergii. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1091. [PMID: 29872432 PMCID: PMC5972194 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The halophilic aquatic bacterium, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, is an important aquatic pathogen, also capable of causing acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (AHPND) in shrimp resulting in significant economic losses. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop anti-infective strategies to control AHPND. The gnotobiotic Artemia model is used to establish whether a phenolic compound phloroglucinol is effective against the AHPND strain V. parahaemolyticus MO904. We found that pretreatment with phloroglucinol, at an optimum concentration (30 µM), protects axenic brine shrimp larvae against V. parahaemolyticus infection and induced heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) production (twofolds or more) as compared with the control. We further demonstrated that the Vibrio-protective effect of phloroglucinol was caused by its prooxidant effect and is linked to the induction of Hsp70. In addition, RNA interference confirms that phloroglucinol-induced Hsp70 mediates the survival of brine shrimp larvae against V. parahaemolyticus infection. The study was validated in xenic Artemia model and in a Macrobrachium rosenbergii system. Pretreatment of xenic brine shrimp larvae (30 µM) and Macrobrachium larvae (5 µM) with phloroglucinol increases the survival of xenic brine shrimp and Macrobrachium larvae against subsequent V. parahaemolyticus challenge. Taken together, our study provides substantial evidence that the prooxidant activity of phloroglucinol induces Hsp70 production protecting brine shrimp, A. franciscana, and freshwater shrimp, M. rosenbergii, against the AHPND V. parahaemolyticus strain MO904. Probably, phloroglucinol treatment might become part of a holistic strategy to control AHPND in shrimp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikash Kumar
- Laboratory of Aquaculture & Artemia Reference Center, Department of Animal Sciences and Aquatic Ecology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,ICAR-Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute (CIFRI), Barrackpore, India
| | - Kartik Baruah
- Laboratory of Aquaculture & Artemia Reference Center, Department of Animal Sciences and Aquatic Ecology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Dung Viet Nguyen
- Laboratory of Aquaculture & Artemia Reference Center, Department of Animal Sciences and Aquatic Ecology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Guy Smagghe
- Department of Crop Protection, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Els Vossen
- Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Animal Product Quality, Department of Animal Sciences and Aquatic Ecology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Peter Bossier
- Laboratory of Aquaculture & Artemia Reference Center, Department of Animal Sciences and Aquatic Ecology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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44
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Zhang GW, Yang CQ, Liu RX, Ni WC. [Effects of p-hydroxybenzoic acid and phloroglucinol on mitochondria function and root growth in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) seedling roots.]. Ying Yong Sheng Tai Xue Bao 2018; 29:231-237. [PMID: 29692032 DOI: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.201801.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
With early-maturing cotton cultivar CCRI-50 widely grown in China as experimental material, water culture experiment was conducted to study the effects of p-hydroxybenzoic acid and phloroglucinol with different concentrations (0.8, 4.0, and 20.0 mmol·L-1) on generation rate of reactive oxygen, changes of antioxidant enzyme activities and mitochondria function of cotton roots. Results showed that p-hydroxybenzoic acid and phloroglucinol treatments inhibited the cotton root growth, reduced SOD, POD, CAT and H+-ATPase activities in root mitochondria, increased the generation rate of O2-· and H2O2 content. In addition, they also increased the opening of mitochondrial permeability transition pores (MPTP), decreased the membrane fluidity and cytochrome c/a (Cyt c/a). Difference of mitochondria function between p-hydroxybenzoic acid and phloroglucinol treatments was minor at concentration of 0.8 mmol·L-1, while the inhibition to root growth and mitochondria function under treatment of p-hydroxybenzoic acid at concentration of 4.0 and 20.0 mmol·L-1 was stronger than that of phloroglucinol. Above all, p-hydroxybenzoic acid and phloroglucinol inhibited antioxidant enzyme activity and mitochondrial function in cotton seedling roots, and the inhibition depended on dose of phenolic acids. The inhibition to root growth and mitochondria function between p-hydroxybenzoic acid and phloroglucinol treatment was different, and p-hydroxybenzoic acid had stronger inhibition than phloroglucinol at the concentration more than 4.0 mmol·L-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo Wei Zhang
- Institute of Industrial Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Cotton and Rapeseed in the Lower Reaches of the Yangtze River, Ministryof Agriculture, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Chang Qin Yang
- Institute of Industrial Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Cotton and Rapeseed in the Lower Reaches of the Yangtze River, Ministryof Agriculture, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Rui Xian Liu
- Institute of Industrial Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Cotton and Rapeseed in the Lower Reaches of the Yangtze River, Ministryof Agriculture, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Wan Chao Ni
- Institute of Industrial Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Cotton and Rapeseed in the Lower Reaches of the Yangtze River, Ministryof Agriculture, Nanjing 210014, China
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45
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Martinez-Fernandez G, Denman SE, Cheung J, McSweeney CS. Phloroglucinol Degradation in the Rumen Promotes the Capture of Excess Hydrogen Generated from Methanogenesis Inhibition. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:1871. [PMID: 29051749 PMCID: PMC5633678 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.01871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2017] [Accepted: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Strategies to manage metabolic hydrogen ([H]) in the rumen should be considered when reducing ruminant methane (CH4) emissions. However, little is known about the use of dietary treatments to stimulate rumen microorganisms capable of capturing the [H] available when CH4 is inhibited in vivo. The effects of the phenolic compound phloroglucinol on CH4 production, [H] flows and subsequent responses in rumen fermentation and microbial community composition when methanogenesis is inhibited were investigated in cattle. Eight rumen fistulated Brahman steers were randomly allocated in two groups receiving chloroform as an antimethanogenic compound for 21 days. Following that period one group received chloroform + phloroglucinol for another 16 days, whilst the other group received only chloroform during the same period. The chloroform treatment resulted in a decrease in CH4 production and an increase in H2 expelled with a shift in rumen fermentation toward higher levels of propionate and formate and lower levels of acetate at day 21 of treatment. Bacterial operational taxonomic units (OTUs) assigned to Prevotella were promoted whilst Archaea and Synergistetes OTUs were decreased with the chloroform treatment as expected. The shift toward formate coincided with increases in Ruminococcus flavefaciens, Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens, and Methanobrevibacter ruminantium species. The addition of chloroform + phloroglucinol in the rumen resulted in a decrease of H2 expelled (g) per kg of DMI and moles of H2 expelled per mol of CH4 decreased compared with the chloroform only treated animals. A shift toward acetate and a decrease in formate were observed for the chloroform + phloroglucinol-treated animals at day 37. These changes in the rumen fermentation profile were accompanied by a relative increase of OTUs assigned to Coprococcus spp., which could suggest this genus is a significant contributor to the metabolism of this phenolic compound in the rumen. This study demonstrates for the first time in vivo that under methanogenesis inhibition, H2 gas accumulation can be decreased by redirecting [H] toward alternative sinks through the nutritional stimulation of specific microbial groups. This results in the generation of metabolites of value for the host while also helping to maintain a low H2 partial pressure in the methane-inhibited rumen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gonzalo Martinez-Fernandez
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Agriculture and Food, Queensland Bioscience Precinct, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Stuart E Denman
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Agriculture and Food, Queensland Bioscience Precinct, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Jane Cheung
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Agriculture and Food, Queensland Bioscience Precinct, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Christopher S McSweeney
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Agriculture and Food, Queensland Bioscience Precinct, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
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46
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Wu XF, Li L, Li Y, Lv HN, Liu YB, Hu YC. Phloroglucinols with Antioxidant Activities Isolated from Lysidice rhodostegia. Molecules 2017; 22:E855. [PMID: 28545244 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22060855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 05/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Two new phloroglucinols, lysidisides X and Y (1 and 2), and two known compounds, 2-(2-methylbutyryl)phloroglucinol 1-O-β-d-glucopyranoside (3) and (E)-resveratrol 3-(6″-galloyl)-O-β-d-glucopyranoside (4), have been isolated from the roots of Lysidice rhodostegia. The structures of 1 and 2 were elucidated primarily by NMR experiments. Their absolute configurations were deduced via circular dichroism (CD) data and electronic circular dichroism (ECD) calculations. Compounds 1 and 2 exhibited significant antioxidative activities with IC50 values of 12.0 and 11.8 µM, respectively.
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47
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Crockett SL, Kunert O, Pferschy-Wenzig EM, Jacob M, Schuehly W, Bauer R. Phloroglucinol and Terpenoid Derivatives from Hypericum cistifolium and H. galioides (Hypericaceae). Front Plant Sci 2016; 7:961. [PMID: 27458464 PMCID: PMC4930935 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.00961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2016] [Accepted: 06/15/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
A new simple phloroglucinol derivative characterized as 1-(6-hydroxy-2,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-2-methyl-1-propanone (1) was isolated from Hypericum cistifolium (Hypericaceae) as a major constituent of the non-polar plant extract. Minor amounts of this new compound, in addition to two known structurally related phloroglucinol derivatives (2 and 3), and two new terpenoid derivatives characterized, respectively, as 2-benzoyl-3,3-dimethyl-4R,6S-bis-(3-methylbut-2-enyl)-cyclohexanone (4a) and 2-benzoyl-3,3-dimethyl-4S,6R-bis-(3-methylbut-2-enyl)-cyclohexanone (4b), were isolated from a related species, H. galioides Lam. The chemical structures were established using 2D-NMR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry. These compounds were evaluated in vitro for antimicrobial activity against a panel of pathogenic microorganisms and anti-inflammatory activity through inhibition of COX-1, COX-2, and 5-LOX catalyzed LTB4 formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara L. Crockett
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of GrazGraz, Austria
| | - Olaf Kunert
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of GrazGraz, Austria
| | | | - Melissa Jacob
- National Center for Natural Products Research, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, UniversityMS, USA
| | - Wolfgang Schuehly
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of GrazGraz, Austria
| | - Rudolf Bauer
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of GrazGraz, Austria
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48
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Cheng SH, Nian YQ, Ding M, Hu SB, He HT, Li L, Wang YH. [ Phloroglucinol combined with parecoxib for cystospasm after transurethral resection of the prostate]. Zhonghua Nan Ke Xue 2016; 22:641-644. [PMID: 28965384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effect and safety of phloroglucinol combined with parecoxib on cystospasm after transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP). METHODS We conducted a prospective randomized case-control study on 98 patients treated by TURP. After operation, the patients were randomly assigned to a treatment (n=50) and a control group (n=48), the former treated by intravenous injection of 80 mg phloroglucinol qd plus 40 mg parecoxib bid while the latter given 80 mg phloroglucinol only, both for 3 successive days. Then we recorded the frequency and duration of cystospasm, visual analogue scales (VAS), adverse reactions, post-operative bladder irrigation time, catheter-indwelling time, and hospital stay and compared them between the two groups of patients. RESULTS Compared with the controls, the patients in the treatment group showed a significantly lower frequency of cystospasm ([1.95±0.14] vs [0.70±0.65] times, P<0.01), duration of cystospasm ([0.44±0.21] vs [0.12±0.14] min, P<0.01), and VAS score (2.70±1.80 vs 1.90±1.30, P<0.01) at 48-72 hours after TURP, but no statistically significant differences were found between the control and treatment groups in the post-operative bladder irrigation time ([2.75±0.87] vs [2.64±0.83] d, P>0.05), catheter-indwelling time ([3.52±0.32] vs [3.44±0.42] d, P>0.05), and hospital stay ([5.23±0.81] vs [5.10±0.73] d, P>0.05), and no obvious adverse reactions were observed in either of the two groups. CONCLUSIONS Phloroglucinol combined with parecoxib is more effective and safer than phloroglucinol alone in relieving postoperative cystospasm after TURP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shun-Hua Cheng
- Department of Urology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Ye-Qi Nian
- Department of Urology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Mao Ding
- Department of Urology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Shan-Biao Hu
- Department of Urology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Hai-Tian He
- Department of Urology, Shekou People's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518000, China
| | - Ling Li
- Department of Urology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Yin-Huai Wang
- Department of Urology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
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49
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Cia D, Cubizolle A, Crauste C, Jacquemot N, Guillou L, Vigor C, Angebault C, Hamel CP, Vercauteren J, Brabet P. Phloroglucinol protects retinal pigment epithelium and photoreceptor against all-trans-retinal-induced toxicity and inhibits A2E formation. J Cell Mol Med 2016; 20:1651-63. [PMID: 27072643 PMCID: PMC4988284 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.12857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2015] [Accepted: 02/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Among retinal macular diseases, the juvenile recessive Stargardt disease and the age‐related degenerative disease arise from carbonyl and oxidative stresses (COS). Both stresses originate from an accumulation of all‐trans‐retinal (atRAL) and are involved in bisretinoid formation by condensation of atRAL with phosphatidylethanolamine (carbonyl stress) in the photoreceptor and its transformation into lipofuscin bisretinoids (oxidative stress) in the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE). As atRAL and bisretinoid accumulation contribute to RPE and photoreceptor cell death, our goal is to select powerful chemical inhibitors of COS. Here, we describe that phloroglucinol, a natural phenolic compound having anti‐COS properties, protects both rat RPE and mouse photoreceptor primary cultures from atRAL‐induced cell death and reduces hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)‐induced damage in RPE in a dose‐dependent manner. Mechanistic analyses demonstrate that the protective effect encompasses decrease in atRAL‐induced intracellular reactive oxygen species and free atRAL levels. Moreover, we show that phloroglucinol reacts with atRAL to form a chromene adduct which prevents bisretinoid A2E synthesis in vitro. Taken together, these data show that the protective effect of phloroglucinol correlates with its ability to trap atRAL and to prevent its further transformation into deleterious bisretinoids. Phloroglucinol might be a good basis to develop efficient therapeutic derivatives in the treatment of retinal macular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Cia
- Laboratoire de Biophysique Neurosensorielle, UMR INSERM 1107 Facultés de Médecine et de Pharmacie, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Aurélie Cubizolle
- Institut des Neurosciences de Montpellier, INSERM U1051, Montpellier, France.,Université Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Céline Crauste
- Université Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,Institut des Biomolecules Max Mousseron (IBMM), UMR5247-CNRS-UM ENSCM Faculté de Pharmacie, Montpellier, France
| | - Nathalie Jacquemot
- Laboratoire de Biophysique Neurosensorielle, UMR INSERM 1107 Facultés de Médecine et de Pharmacie, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Laurent Guillou
- Institut des Neurosciences de Montpellier, INSERM U1051, Montpellier, France.,Université Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Claire Vigor
- Université Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,Institut des Biomolecules Max Mousseron (IBMM), UMR5247-CNRS-UM ENSCM Faculté de Pharmacie, Montpellier, France
| | - Claire Angebault
- Institut des Neurosciences de Montpellier, INSERM U1051, Montpellier, France.,Université Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Christian P Hamel
- Institut des Neurosciences de Montpellier, INSERM U1051, Montpellier, France.,Université Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,Centre de référence des affections sensorielles génétiques, CHRU, Montpellier, France
| | - Joseph Vercauteren
- Université Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,Institut des Biomolecules Max Mousseron (IBMM), UMR5247-CNRS-UM ENSCM Faculté de Pharmacie, Montpellier, France
| | - Philippe Brabet
- Institut des Neurosciences de Montpellier, INSERM U1051, Montpellier, France.,Université Montpellier, Montpellier, France
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Ferreira RO, da Silva TM, de Carvalho MG. New Polyprenylated Phloroglucinol and Other Compounds Isolated from the Fruits of Clusia nemorosa (Clusiaceae). Molecules 2015; 20:14326-33. [PMID: 26287129 DOI: 10.3390/molecules200814326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2015] [Revised: 06/27/2015] [Accepted: 07/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Clusia nemorosa has been widely used in folk medicine to treat various ailments, including headaches and inflammation. Investigation of the fruits of Clusia nemorosa (Clusiaceae) led to the isolation and characterization of a new phloroglucinol derivative, named 6S,8S,28S-nemorosic acid (1), together with seven known compounds: friedelin (2), β-sitosterol (3), stigmasterol (4), β-sitosterol glycoside (5), kaempferol (6), quercetin (7) and dimethyl citrate (8). The structures were determined by extensive 1D- and 2D-NMR, CD and MS spectroscopic analyses.
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