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Garcia VS, Guerrero SA, Burna A, Demonte A, Gugliotta LM, Gonzalez VDG. Validation of an immunochromatographic assay kit based on colored latex particles for the identification of the canine visceral leishmaniasis. Res Vet Sci 2023; 155:69-75. [PMID: 36641975 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2023.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Visceral leishmaniasis is a zoonotic infectious disease with a severe impact on humans and animals. Infection is transmitted by phlebotomine sand flies. The dogs are main reservoir for human infection. A rapid and accurate diagnosis of canine visceral leishmaniasis is essential for an efficient surveillance program. The aim of this study was to assess the performance of a rapid immunochromatographic strip test based on functionalized colored particles and a new recombinant antigenic protein, as a visual "in situ" method for the diagnosis of canine visceral leishmaniasis. The results were evaluated using an in-house ELISA assay with the same antigen. Both tests produced concordant results and the immunochromatographic strip test showed good diagnostic sensitivity (98%) and specificity (95%). Finally, meta-analysis was used to compare the sensitivity and specificity of the here developed test with the results of commercial immunochromatographic strip tests obtained from literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria S Garcia
- INTEC (CONICET and Universidad Nacional del Litoral), Santa Fe 3000, Argentina.
| | - Sergio A Guerrero
- IAL (CONICET and Universidad Nacional del Litoral), Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe 3000, Argentina.
| | - Alexis Burna
- Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional del Nordeste (UNNE), Corrientes 3400, Argentina
| | - Ana Demonte
- IAL (CONICET and Universidad Nacional del Litoral), Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe 3000, Argentina
| | - Luis M Gugliotta
- INTEC (CONICET and Universidad Nacional del Litoral), Facultad de Ingeniería Química, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe 3000, Argentina.
| | - Verónica D G Gonzalez
- INTEC (CONICET and Universidad Nacional del Litoral), Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe 3000, Argentina.
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Ejazi SA, Saha S, Bhattacharyya A, Das S, Mateus NLF, da Costa Lima MS, Neitzke-Abreu HC, de Mendonca IL, Costa CHN, de Oliveira Melo OA, de Melo MA, Rossi-Bergmann B, Corso R, Manna L, Ali N. Development of Immunological Assays Based on Leishmania donovani Antigen for Diagnosis of Canine Visceral Leishmaniasis and Their Multicenter Evaluation in Brazil and Italy. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:914477. [PMID: 35846748 PMCID: PMC9283983 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.914477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Canine visceral leishmaniasis (CVL) due to Leishmania infantum infection is a zoonotic disease prevalent in the areas of South America and the Mediterranean. Infected dogs as reservoirs can contribute to disease transmission and can be a scourge to public health. Therefore, early diagnosis of infected dogs may play a pivotal role in circumscribing disease progression. Invasive tissue aspiration and insufficient serological methods impair a single assay for prompt CVL diagnosis. In the present study, we aimed to evaluate the potential of Leishmania donovani isolated membrane protein, LAg, for the diagnosis of CVL through immunological assays. Initially, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was done with Brazilian dog sera to evaluate the performance of LAg in diagnosing CVL and found sensitivity and specificity of 92.50% and 95%, respectively. The study further confirmed the diagnostic efficacy of LAg in a dipstick format. The dipstick test of canine sera from three centers in Brazil and one center in Italy collectively showed sensitivity values in the range of 53.33% to 100% in recognizing symptomatic dogs and specificity values between 75% and 100% to rule out healthy dogs. Moreover, a rapid immunochromatographic test was developed and optimized using LAg. This test was able to identify 94.73% of CVL of Brazilian origin with specificity of 97.29%. The current results highlight the reactive potential of the L. donovani antigen, LAg, for L. infantum CVL diagnosis and support our previous findings, which suggest the utility of LAg for the diagnosis of both L. donovani and L. infantum human VL in a variety of endemic regions. LAg as a diagnostic candidate may be employed to identify comprehensive CVL cases in epidemiological areas.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Samiran Saha
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India
| | | | - Sonali Das
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India
| | - Nathália Lopes Fontoura Mateus
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS), Campo Grande, Brazil
| | | | | | - Ivete Lopes de Mendonca
- Departamento de Clínica e Cirurgia Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Piaui (UFPI), Teresina, Brazil
| | | | - Otoni Alves de Oliveira Melo
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Marcia Almeida de Melo
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência e Saude Animal, Universidade Federal de Campina Grande (UFCG), Campina Grande, Brazil
| | - Bartira Rossi-Bergmann
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Raffaele Corso
- Prevention Department, Distretto Sanitario 12, Unità Operativa di Prevenzione Collettiva, Azienda Sanitaria Locale Caserta, Caserta, Italy
| | - Laura Manna
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples, Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Nahid Ali
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India
- *Correspondence: Nahid Ali,
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Barbosa de Castro R, Badaró de Moraes JV, Costa Bressan G, de Souza Vasconcellos R, Silva-Júnior A, Lopes Rangel Fietto J. Antigens and their diagnostic performance for Canine Visceral Leishmaniasis: A critical review. Vet Parasitol 2021; 301:109638. [PMID: 34920304 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2021.109638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Canine visceral leishmaniasis (CVL) is the most aggressive and lethal form of leishmaniasis manifesting in dogs and represents a major public health concern. Although there are sufficiently sensitive molecular tools for CVL diagnosis, they are not accessible at the main points of disease dissemination, in which context serodiagnosis has been used as an alternative tool on the epidemiological control. As an attempt to develop more accurate immunodiagnostic assays, many antigens have been tested over the years, on different platforms. This review aimed to access studies reporting new antigens that can be applied for CVL serodiagnosis. Articles published from January of 2016 to March of 2021 were retrieved from Google Scholar, Science Direct, and PubMed, using "Canine Visceral Leishmaniasis" and "Serodiagnosis" as keywords. In total, 1527 articles were identified, of which 42 were selected based on exclusion factors. Sensitivity, specificity, sample size, and sample quality data were extracted by manual curation and analyzed. Of the selected articles, 26 contemplated ELISA, which enabled a more thorough comparison and a critical review of these studies. Soluble Leishmania Antigens (SLA) and the A2 protein were used as controls in 53.8 and 46.15 % of these articles, respectively, and were evaluated separately; their frequent use was questioned. Subsequently, articles that evaluated other assay platforms, such as immunochromatography, immunosensors, and others, were also reported and evaluated. Finally, data relative to validation studies of commercial kits were briefly discussed. Our results show that there are several antigens with great potential for the development of accurate diagnostic tools, but further testing is required. The critical analysis also brings insights that can be useful for more assertive diagnostic development of more robust tools for CVL serodiagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raissa Barbosa de Castro
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Av. P. H. Rolfs, s/n, Campus Universitário, CEP: 36570-000 Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - João Victor Badaró de Moraes
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Av. P. H. Rolfs, s/n, Campus Universitário, CEP: 36570-000, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Costa Bressan
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Av. P. H. Rolfs, s/n, Campus Universitário, CEP: 36570-000 Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - Raphael de Souza Vasconcellos
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Av. P. H. Rolfs, s/n, Campus Universitário, CEP: 36570-000 Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - Abelardo Silva-Júnior
- Departamento de Veterinária, Av. P. H. Rolfs, s/n, Campus Universitário, CEP: 36570-000, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - Juliana Lopes Rangel Fietto
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Av. P. H. Rolfs, s/n, Campus Universitário, CEP: 36570-000 Viçosa, MG, Brazil.
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Alonso MN, Garcia VS, Moyano RD, Romero MA, Gugliotta LM, Travería GE, Romano MI, Gonzalez VDG. New and rapid strategies for the diagnosis of bovine paratuberculosis "in situ" using latex particles. J Immunol Methods 2021; 496:113085. [PMID: 34157319 DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2021.113085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The chemical coupling of a protoplasmatic antigen from Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratubeculosis onto core-shell carboxylated particles was investigated with the aim of producing latex-protein complexes to be used in immunoagglutination assays capable of detecting bovine paratuberculosis disease. For this purpose, sensitizations were carried out using both colored and not colored carboxylated latexes as well as the protoplasmatic antigen at pH close to its isoelectric point to favor the antigenic protein to approach the particle surface. In all cases, higher fractions of proteins were chemically-bound to carboxyl groups on the surface of the particles. The assessment of the performance of the visual immunoagglutination assays consisted of evaluating 111 sera from healthy and infected bovines with Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis. Complexes obtained from the colored latex allowed an acceptable visual discrimination between the studied positive and negative sera. Most of the positive samples showed strong to very strong agglutination and only a few samples reacted weakly, i.e. a sensitivity of 70%. The specificity of the assay, on the other hand, was 86%. Therefore, this rapid detection technique allows an easy and inexpensive identification of animals possibly infected with paratuberculosis "in situ" in the herds.
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Affiliation(s)
- M N Alonso
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular (INTA - CONICET), Hurlingham, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - V S Garcia
- Instituto de Desarrollo Tecnológico para la Industria Química (CONICET - UNL), Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - R D Moyano
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular (INTA - CONICET), Hurlingham, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - M A Romero
- Centro de Diagnóstico e Investigaciones Veterinarias (FCV-UNLP), Argentina
| | - L M Gugliotta
- Instituto de Desarrollo Tecnológico para la Industria Química (CONICET - UNL), Santa Fe, Argentina; Facultad de Ingeniería Química, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - G E Travería
- Centro de Diagnóstico e Investigaciones Veterinarias (FCV-UNLP), Argentina
| | - M I Romano
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular (INTA - CONICET), Hurlingham, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - V D G Gonzalez
- Instituto de Desarrollo Tecnológico para la Industria Química (CONICET - UNL), Santa Fe, Argentina; Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina.
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Femia AL, Gonzalez VDG, Garcia VS, Gugliotta LM. Carboxyl fuchsine-based colored particles for application to immunodetection. INT J POLYM MATER PO 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/00914037.2021.1876056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Verónica D. G. Gonzalez
- INTEC, UNL-CONICET, Santa Fe, Argentina
- Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Ciudad Universitaria, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | | | - Luis M. Gugliotta
- INTEC, UNL-CONICET, Santa Fe, Argentina
- Facultad de Ingeniería Química, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina
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Garcia VS, Guerrero SA, Gugliotta LM, Gonzalez VD. A lateral flow immunoassay based on colored latex particles for detection of canine visceral leishmaniasis. Acta Trop 2020; 212:105643. [PMID: 32692976 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2020.105643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Canine visceral leishmaniasis (CVL) is the major source of human visceral leishmaniasis. To control the spread of this disease, early and accurate detection of infected dogs is critical but challenging. The serological diagnosis of CVL remains problematic because there are no reliable commercially available tests. Most laboratories use enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay or the indirect immunofluorescent antibody test. These tests use Leishmania chagasi recombinant antigens K39 or K26 assembled with either gold-labelled Staphylococcus aureus protein A or protein G from Streptococcus pyogenes. In this work, we propose the development, optimization and standardization of a lateral flow immunoassay (LFIA) based on functionalized colored particles and a specific recombinant antigen, as a visual in situ method for the diagnosis of CVL. The following analysis variables were considered: (i) the concentration of the latex-protein complex; (ii) the dilution of the serum; (iii) the composition of the employed buffers; (iv) the nominal capillary flow time through the nitrocellulose membrane; (v) the concentration of reagents fixed in the test and control lines; (vi) the particle size of the colored latex; and (vii) the conjugation method. Then, the obtained strips were evaluated as a visual diagnostic tool based on a panel of positive and negative sera. It was observed that because of its simplicity and performance the LFIA test is a quick and reliable alternative for the diagnosis of CVL either in conventional laboratories or for remote areas where laboratories are not readily accessible for conventional assays.
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Peretti LE, Gonzalez VDG, Clementi LA, Gugliotta LM. Latex particles by emulsion and dispersion polymerizations: sensitization with specific antigens of leptospirosis and application to immunoagglutination. BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s43153-020-00080-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Femia AL, Gonzalez VDG, Garcia V, Gugliotta LM. Polymerizable dye for colored particles synthesis with potential use in immunoassays. INT J POLYM MATER PO 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/00914037.2019.1616202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Luis M. Gugliotta
- INTEC (UNL- CONICET), Santa Fe, Argentina
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering, UNL, Santa Fe, Argentina
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Duthie MS, Lison A, Courtenay O. Advances toward Diagnostic Tools for Managing Zoonotic Visceral Leishmaniasis. Trends Parasitol 2018; 34:881-890. [PMID: 30131210 PMCID: PMC6168404 DOI: 10.1016/j.pt.2018.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Revised: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is a life-threatening outcome of Leishmania infantum or Leishmania donovani infection. Dogs are the primary domestic reservoir of L. infantum parasites, and ownership of infected dogs increases the risk of human VL. Controlling infection within dog populations is regarded as critical to VL management in endemic countries, both preventing progression of canine disease and limiting parasite transmission to humans and dogs. Here we discuss various strategies that are used to diagnose canine visceral leishmaniasis (CVL) and the possibilities of adapting these for use within population screening and control programs. In addition, given the variable transmissibility of L. infantum to the sand fly vector, we outline some possibilities for the preferential identification of 'super-spreader' dogs among the overall infected population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malcolm S Duthie
- Infectious Disease Research Institute, 1616 Eastlake Ave E, Suite 400, Seattle, WA 98102, USA.
| | - Aurore Lison
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Orin Courtenay
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
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