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Kim HK, Mirjalili SA, Zhang Y, Xiang L, Gu Y, Fernandez J. Effect of gender and running experience on lower limb biomechanics following 5 km barefoot running. Sports Biomech 2024; 23:95-108. [PMID: 33428537 DOI: 10.1080/14763141.2020.1829021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Barefoot running has been increasing in popularity, yet there is a gap in understanding concerning the biomechanics of mid-distance barefoot running, especially between genders and runners of different running-experience levels. This study examines the effects of running-experience, gender, and their interaction on running biomechanics following 5 km barefoot running. Before and after a 5 km run, three-dimensional kinematics and kinetics of the lower limb joints and plantar pressure during barefoot running were collected from 20 participants. Participants were stratified by their running-experience levels (novice and marathon-experienced) and gender. This study revealed significant gender effects on lower limb biomechanics following a 5 km barefoot run. Increased plantar pressure under the lateral aspect of the foot was observed in the female cohort, while the male cohort exhibited reduced plantar pressure under the lateral heel. This study suggests that modified lower limb running biomechanics and modified lateral foot loading after 5 km barefoot running may create a different foot loading environment for female and male runners that should be accommodated in barefoot runningand minimalist shoe design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Kyung Kim
- Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Seyed Ali Mirjalili
- Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Yanxin Zhang
- Department of Exercise Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Liangliang Xiang
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- Research Academy of Grand Health Interdisciplinary, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Yaodong Gu
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- Research Academy of Grand Health Interdisciplinary, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- Auckland Bioengineering Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Justin Fernandez
- Research Academy of Grand Health Interdisciplinary, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- Auckland Bioengineering Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Department of Engineering Science, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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Subramaniam S, Majumder S, Faisal AI, Deen MJ. Insole-Based Systems for Health Monitoring: Current Solutions and Research Challenges. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 22:438. [PMID: 35062398 PMCID: PMC8780030 DOI: 10.3390/s22020438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2021] [Revised: 01/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Wearable health monitoring devices allow for measuring physiological parameters without restricting individuals' daily activities, providing information that is reflective of an individual's health and well-being. However, these systems need to be accurate, power-efficient, unobtrusive and simple to use to enable a reliable, convenient, automatic and ubiquitous means of long-term health monitoring. One such system can be embedded in an insole to obtain physiological data from the plantar aspect of the foot that can be analyzed to gain insight into an individual's health. This manuscript provides a comprehensive review of insole-based sensor systems that measure a variety of parameters useful for overall health monitoring, with a focus on insole-based PPD measurement systems developed in recent years. Existing solutions are reviewed, and several open issues are presented and discussed. The concept of a fully integrated insole-based health monitoring system and considerations for future work are described. By developing a system that is capable of measuring parameters such as PPD, gait characteristics, foot temperature and heart rate, a holistic understanding of an individual's health and well-being can be obtained without interrupting day-to-day activities. The proposed device can have a multitude of applications, such as for pathology detection, tracking medical conditions and analyzing gait characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophini Subramaniam
- School of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada;
| | - Sumit Majumder
- Electrical and Computer Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada; (S.M.); (A.I.F.)
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Chittagong University of Engineering and Technology, Chattogram 4349, Bangladesh
| | - Abu Ilius Faisal
- Electrical and Computer Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada; (S.M.); (A.I.F.)
| | - M. Jamal Deen
- School of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada;
- Electrical and Computer Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada; (S.M.); (A.I.F.)
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Koo S, Chun S, Lee KM, Cho BC, Koo YJ, Kang DW, Park MS. Sex Differences in Pedobarographic Findings and Relationship between Radiographic and Pedobarographic Measurements in Young Healthy Adults. Clin Orthop Surg 2018; 10:216-224. [PMID: 29854346 PMCID: PMC5964271 DOI: 10.4055/cios.2018.10.2.216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2017] [Accepted: 11/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Although pedobarographic measurement is increasingly used for clinical and research purposes, relatively few published studies have investigated normative data. This study examined pedobarographic findings in young healthy adults with regard to sex-related differences and correlations among measurement indices. Methods Twenty young healthy adults (mean age, 22.4 years; standard deviation, 1.2 years; and 10 males and 10 females) were included. Weight bearing anteroposterior (AP) and lateral foot radiographs were taken, and dynamic pedobarographic data during treadmill walking and maximum ankle dorsiflexion were obtained. AP talo-first metatarsal angle, naviculocuboid overlap, lateral talo-first metatarsal angle, and plantar soft tissue thickness were measured on foot radiographs. Pedobarographic data including peak pressure and pressure-time integral were measured on five plantar segments: medial forefoot (MFF), lateral forefoot (LFF), medial midfoot (MMF), lateral midfoot (LMF), and heel. Results Male and female subjects significantly differed in body mass index (BMI, p < 0.001), AP talo-first metatarsal angle (p = 0.018), soft tissue thickness under the metatarsal head (p = 0.040) and calcaneal tuberosity (p < 0.001), maximum dorsiflexion during stance phase (p = 0.041), peak pressure on the MFF (p = 0.005) and LFF (p = 0.004), and pressure-time integral on the MFF (p = 0.018) and heel (p = 0.001). BMI was significantly correlated with soft tissue thickness under the metatarsal head (r = 0.521, p = 0.018) and calcaneal tuberosity (r = 0.585, p = 0.007), peak pressure on the MFF (r = 0.601, p = 0.005) and LFF (r = 0.487, p = 0.029), pressure-time integral on the heel (r = 0.552, p = 0.012), and total pressure-time integral (r = 0.755, p < 0.001). Maximum dorsiflexion demonstrated significant negative correlations with pressure-time integral on the MFF (r = −0.595, p = 0.007) and total pressure-time integral (r = −0.492, p = 0.032). Pressure-time integral varus/valgus index was significantly correlated with pressuretime integral forefoot/heel index (r = 0.472, p = 0.036). Conclusions Sex-related differences in pedobarographic examination were observed, which could provide useful information in setting appropriate treatment goals and obtaining appropriate control data. The effects of subtalar motion in distributing plantar pressure should be investigated in a future study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seungbum Koo
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sangho Chun
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyoung Min Lee
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Byung Chae Cho
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Young-Jun Koo
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dong-Wan Kang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Moon Seok Park
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
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Mukhra R, Krishan K, Kanchan T. Bare footprint metric analysis methods for comparison and identification in forensic examinations: A review of literature. J Forensic Leg Med 2018; 58:101-112. [PMID: 29777981 DOI: 10.1016/j.jflm.2018.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Revised: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 05/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Footprint is one of the most common types of physical evidence recovered at a crime scene. The forensic footprint evidence may play an important role in establishing the identity of a person; therefore, its examination is of prime importance. A link may be established by observing and comparing the morphological features of footprints with the perpetrator. These barefoot prints may be present as a two-dimensional print or a three-dimensional imprint depending on the substrate upon which they have been impressed upon and accordingly different methods and techniques are implemented in order to identify the questioned prints. After the execution of appropriate procedure, these prints are then compared with the exemplar prints, i.e., prints of the suspects to narrow down the process of identification. The analysis of bare footprints has been used to offer a wide range of knowledge about different print patterns. Thus, the present work extends an overview of the different methods and indices that are being used to evaluate footprints for comparison and identification purposes. The evaluation and interpretation of footprints is not only of prime importance in forensic examination but also help in clinical examinations and elucidation of various podiatric disorders. The paper also focuses on the occurrence of footprint evidence, forensic podiatric training and education, reliability and accuracy of the footprint analysis methods and associated intra-rater and inter-rater discrepancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richa Mukhra
- Department of Anthropology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Kewal Krishan
- Department of Anthropology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India.
| | - Tanuj Kanchan
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, India
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Hagihara Y, Nara T. Diaphyseal cross-sectional geometry of the metatarsal bones in the Jomon population. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2018. [PMID: 29543318 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.23463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to investigate differences in the diaphyseal cross-sectional geometry (CSG) of the metatarsal bones (MTs) between two populations with different habitual activities: the Jomon hunter-gatherers and modern Japanese people. MATERIALS AND METHODS We evaluated the first through fifth MTs of 117 skeleton samples: 59 (33 men and 26 women) were obtained from Late and Final Jomon period archeological sites and 58 (31 men and 27 women) were from modern Japanese people. CSG properties were calculated at the mid-shaft of the MTs and the relative values of the polar section modulus (Zp ) of each second-to-fifth MTs to first MTs were calculated. These variables were compared according to population and sex. RESULTS Many of the CSG properties of MTs, except first MTs, were higher in the Jomon population than in the modern Japanese population for both sexes. Additionally, the relative values of the Zp of the MTs were higher in Jomon men and women than in modern Japanese men and women. Moreover, the Jomon population had sex-based differences in the ratio of the shape of third MTs and fourth MTs and the relative MTs value. Jomon women had elliptical third MTs and fourth MTs, and the relative Zp values of the third-to-fifth MTs to first MTs were higher in Jomon women than in Jomon men. DISCUSSION Our result suggests that the habitual activity of the Jomon population placed heavy loads on the forefoot. This finding possibly relates to mediolateral forefoot loading that appears to be related to traversing uneven terrain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuo Hagihara
- Department of Medical Technology, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, 1398 Shimami-cho, Kita-ku, Niigata City, Niigata, Japan
| | - Takashi Nara
- Department of Medical Technology, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, 1398 Shimami-cho, Kita-ku, Niigata City, Niigata, Japan
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Matsumoto T, Shah R, Dave M, Shah N, Parekh SG. Hallux Varus: An Underreported Presentation of Rheumatoid Arthritis. Foot Ankle Spec 2016; 9:169-73. [PMID: 25805438 DOI: 10.1177/1938640015578518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The prevalence of hallux varus deformity in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) has been reported to be extremely rare. However, in South Asian Countries, where open-toed shoes are habitual footwear for the majority of people, we have found that hallux varus is a common deformity in patients with RA. This rate of occurrence is much more common than that in published hallux deformities in RA and reinforces the impact of footwear on the development of hallux deformities. In this report, we present 3 illustrative cases of hallux varus developed in patients with RA and review the etiology of hallux varus deformity. LEVELS OF EVIDENCE Therapeutic, Level IV: Case Study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takumi Matsumoto
- North Carolina Orthopaedic Clinic, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina (TM, SGP)Sunshine Global Hospitals, Vadodara, Gujarat, India (RS, MD, NS)Duke Fuqua School of Business, Durham, North Carolina (SGP)
| | - Rajiv Shah
- North Carolina Orthopaedic Clinic, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina (TM, SGP)Sunshine Global Hospitals, Vadodara, Gujarat, India (RS, MD, NS)Duke Fuqua School of Business, Durham, North Carolina (SGP)
| | - Malhar Dave
- North Carolina Orthopaedic Clinic, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina (TM, SGP)Sunshine Global Hospitals, Vadodara, Gujarat, India (RS, MD, NS)Duke Fuqua School of Business, Durham, North Carolina (SGP)
| | - Nikesh Shah
- North Carolina Orthopaedic Clinic, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina (TM, SGP)Sunshine Global Hospitals, Vadodara, Gujarat, India (RS, MD, NS)Duke Fuqua School of Business, Durham, North Carolina (SGP)
| | - Selene G Parekh
- North Carolina Orthopaedic Clinic, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina (TM, SGP)Sunshine Global Hospitals, Vadodara, Gujarat, India (RS, MD, NS)Duke Fuqua School of Business, Durham, North Carolina (SGP)
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A comparative biomechanical analysis of habitually unshod and shod runners based on a foot morphological difference. Hum Mov Sci 2015; 42:38-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.humov.2015.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2014] [Revised: 02/16/2015] [Accepted: 04/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Shu Y, Mei Q, Fernandez J, Li Z, Feng N, Gu Y. Foot Morphological Difference between Habitually Shod and Unshod Runners. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0131385. [PMID: 26148059 PMCID: PMC4493034 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0131385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2014] [Accepted: 06/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Foot morphology and function has received increasing attention from both biomechanics researchers and footwear manufacturers. In this study, 168 habitually unshod runners (90 males whose age, weight & height were 23±2.4 years, 66±7.1 kg & 1.68±0.13 m and 78 females whose age, weight & height were 22±1.8 years, 55±4.7 kg & 1.6±0.11 m) (Indians) and 196 shod runners (130 males whose age, weight & height were 24±2.6 years, 66±8.2 kg & 1.72±0.18 m and 66 females whose age, weight & height were 23±1.5 years, 54±5.6 kg & 1.62±0.15 m) (Chinese) participated in a foot scanning test using the easy-foot-scan (a three-dimensional foot scanning system) to obtain 3D foot surface data and 2D footprint imaging. Foot length, foot width, hallux angle and minimal distance from hallux to second toe were calculated to analyze foot morphological differences. This study found that significant differences exist between groups (shod Chinese and unshod Indians) for foot length (female p = 0.001), width (female p = 0.001), hallux angle (male and female p = 0.001) and the minimal distance (male and female p = 0.001) from hallux to second toe. This study suggests that significant differences in morphology between different ethnicities could be considered for future investigation of locomotion biomechanics characteristics between ethnicities and inform last shape and design so as to reduce injury risks and poor performance from mal-fit shoes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Shu
- Faculty of Sports Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Qichang Mei
- Faculty of Sports Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Justin Fernandez
- Department of Engineering Science, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Auckland Bioengineering Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Zhiyong Li
- School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Neng Feng
- Rehabilitation Center, Ningbo Ninth Hospital, Ningbo, China
| | - Yaodong Gu
- Faculty of Sports Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
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Gurney JK, Kuch C, Rosenbaum D, Kersting UG. The Māori foot exhibits differences in plantar loading and midfoot morphology to the Caucasian foot. Gait Posture 2012; 36:157-9. [PMID: 22364845 DOI: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2012.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2011] [Revised: 10/14/2011] [Accepted: 01/23/2012] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The question being addressed in the current study was whether the diabetic Māori foot was more or less prone to ulceration than the diabetic New Zealand Caucasian (NZC) foot. Harris mat and pedobarographic analyses were employed to assess static and dynamic foot morphology and plantar loading in 40 Māori and NZC diabetic and non-diabetic participants. Significantly higher peak pressures were exhibited by the diabetic Māori participants compared to their NZC peers at the central forefoot. Significantly higher static and dynamic arch index values and significantly higher sub-arch angle values were exhibited by the non-diabetic Māori participants compared to their NZC peers. The latter findings suggest that healthy Māori may have a predisposition towards having a flatter foot than healthy NZC, which may have footwear design implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- J K Gurney
- Department of Sport and Exercise Science, The University of Auckland, New Zealand.
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