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Huang SL, Xin HY, Wang XY, Feng GG, Wu FQ, Feng ZP, Xing Z, Zhang XH, Xin HW, Luo WY. Recent Advances on the Molecular Mechanism and Clinical Trials of Venous Thromboembolism. J Inflamm Res 2023; 16:6167-6178. [PMID: 38111686 PMCID: PMC10726951 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s439205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Venous thromboembolism is a condition that includes deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism. It is the third most common cardiovascular disease behind acute coronary heart disease and stroke. Over the past few years, growing research suggests that venous thrombosis is also related to the immune system and inflammatory factors have been confirmed to be involved in venous thrombosis. The role of inflammation and inflammation-related biomarkers in cerebrovascular thrombotic disease is the subject of ongoing debate. P-selectin leads to platelet-monocyte aggregation and stimulates vascular inflammation and thrombosis. The dysregulation of miRNAs has also been reported in venous thrombosis, suggesting the involvement of miRNAs in the progression of venous thrombosis. Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) is a crucial component of the plasminogen-plasmin system, and elevated levels of PAI-1 in conjunction with advanced age are significant risk factors for thrombosis. In addition, it has been showed that one of the ways that neutrophils promote venous thrombosis is the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). In recent years, the role of extracellular vesicles (EVs) in the occurrence and development of VTE has been continuously revealed. With the advancement of research technology, the complex regulatory role of EVs on the coagulation process has been gradually discovered. However, our understanding of the causes and consequences of these changes in venous thrombosis is still limited. Therefore, we review our current understanding the molecular mechanisms of venous thrombosis and the related clinical trials, which is crucial for the future treatment of venous thrombosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shao-Li Huang
- Medical Laboratory Center, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, 524400, People’s Republic of China
- First Clinical College, Guangdong Medical University, Guangdong, 524400, People’s Republic of China
- Clinical laboratory, Lianjiang People’s Hospital, Guangdong, 524400, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hong-Yi Xin
- Doctoral Scientific Research Center, Lianjiang People’s Hospital, Guangdong, 524400, People’s Republic of China
- Guangdong Medical University Affiliated Lianjiang People’s Hospital, Guangdong, 524400, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Yan Wang
- Doctoral Scientific Research Center, Lianjiang People’s Hospital, Guangdong, 524400, People’s Republic of China
- Guangdong Medical University Affiliated Lianjiang People’s Hospital, Guangdong, 524400, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guang-Gui Feng
- Clinical laboratory, Lianjiang People’s Hospital, Guangdong, 524400, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fu-Qing Wu
- Clinical laboratory, Lianjiang People’s Hospital, Guangdong, 524400, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Peng Feng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Yueyang Hospital Affiliated to Hunan Normal University, Yueyang, Hunan, 414000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhou Xing
- First Clinical College, Guangdong Medical University, Guangdong, 524400, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xi-He Zhang
- Doctoral Scientific Research Center, Lianjiang People’s Hospital, Guangdong, 524400, People’s Republic of China
- Guangdong Medical University Affiliated Lianjiang People’s Hospital, Guangdong, 524400, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hong-Wu Xin
- Doctoral Scientific Research Center, Lianjiang People’s Hospital, Guangdong, 524400, People’s Republic of China
- Laboratory of Oncology, Center for Molecular Medicine, School of Basic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, 434023, People’s Republic of China
- Research Centre of Molecular Medicine, Medical College of Chifeng University, Chifeng, Inner Mongolian Autonomous Region, 024000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wen-Ying Luo
- Medical Laboratory Center, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, 524400, People’s Republic of China
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Sang L, Ding L, Hao K, Zhang C, Shen X, Sun H, Fu D, Qi X. LncRNA MSTRG.22719.16 mediates the reduction of enoxaparin sodium high-viscosity bone cement-induced thrombosis by targeting the ocu-miR-326-5p/CD40 axis. J Orthop Surg Res 2023; 18:716. [PMID: 37736740 PMCID: PMC10514947 DOI: 10.1186/s13018-023-04109-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) bone cement promotes the development of local thrombi. Our study found that a novel material, ES-PMMA bone cement, can reduce local thrombosis. We used a simple and reproducible animal model to confirm the reduction in local thrombosis and explored the associated molecular mechanism. METHODS New Zealand rabbits, which were used to model thrombosis using extracorporeal carotid artery shunts, were divided into the following two groups, with 3 rabbits in each group: the PMMA bone cement group and the ES-PMMA bone cement group. Four hours after modelling, experimental samples, including thrombotic and vascular tissues, were collected. Thrombotic samples from the PMMA group and ES-PMMA group were subjected to lncRNA sequencing, and a lncRNA microarray was used to screen the differentially expressed lncRNAs. The expression of thrombomodulin in endothelial cells was quantified in vascular tissue samples. Differences in the lncRNA expression profiles between the thrombotic samples of the PMMA group and ES-PMMA group were assessed by base-to-base alignment in the intergenic regions of genomes. The lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network was established in light of ceRNA theory. Thrombosis was observed in the PMMA group and ES-PMMA group. RESULTS The thrombotic weight was 0.00706 ± 0.00136 g/cm in the PMMA group and 0.00551 ± 0.00115 g/cm in the ES-PMMA group. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-q-CR) and Western blotting revealed that the expression of CD40, which can regulate thrombosis in vascular endothelial cells, was significantly lower in the ES-PMMA group than in the PMMA group. High-throughput sequencing was used to identify 111 lncRNAs with lower expression in the ES-PMMA group than in the PMMA group. Through bioinformatics investigation, lncRNA MSTRG22719.16/ocu-miR-326-5p/CD40 binding sites were selected. Fluorescent in situ RNA hybridization (FISH) was performed to verify the lower expression of lncRNA MSTRG.22719.16 in vascular tissues from the ES-PMMA group. A dual-luciferase reporter gene assay was applied to verify that ocu-miR-326-5p binds the CD40 3'-UTR and targets lncRNA MSTRG.22719.16. CONCLUSION Compared with PMMA bone cement, ES-PMMA bone cement can reduce thrombosis through the lncRNA MSTRG.22719.16/ocu-miR-326-5p/CD40 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linchao Sang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Luobin Ding
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Kangning Hao
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Ce Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xiaoyu Shen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Hui Sun
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Oita, Japan
| | - Dehao Fu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200080 People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiangbei Qi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
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Feng L, Xie Z, Zhou X, Hou C, Liang Z, Lu H, Liu L, Zhang D. Diagnostic value of D-dimer for lower extremity deep venous thrombosis caused by rib fracture: a retrospective study. J Orthop Surg Res 2023; 18:515. [PMID: 37475021 PMCID: PMC10357766 DOI: 10.1186/s13018-023-03997-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate the role of D-dimer in the diagnosis of lower extremity deep venous thrombosis (DVT) in patients with rib fractures. METHOD Retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data of 499 patients with rib fractures who were admitted to the Third Hospital of Shijiazhuang between October 2020 and September 2021. These patients were divided into the DVT and the non-DVT groups. D-dimer levels were compared between the two groups at 24, 48, and 72 h after the injury. Receiver operating characteristic curves were utilized to evaluate the diagnostic efficacy of dynamically monitoring changes in D-dimer for DVT. RESULTS The D-dimer levels in the DVT group were significantly higher than those in the non-DVT group at 24, 48, and 72 h after the injury. The area under the curve values for predicting DVT based on D-dimer level at 24, 48, and 72 h after injury in patients with rib fractures were 0.788, 0.605, and 0.568, respectively. CONCLUSION Detecting D-dimer levels 24 h after the injury can enhance diagnostic efficacy and sensitivity for DVT, thereby reducing the rate of missed diagnoses, which is of great clinical value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Feng
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Third Hospital of Shijiazhuang, Shijiazhuang, 050011, Hebei, China
| | - Zexin Xie
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Third Hospital of Shijiazhuang, Shijiazhuang, 050011, Hebei, China
| | - Xuetao Zhou
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Third Hospital of Shijiazhuang, Shijiazhuang, 050011, Hebei, China
| | - Chunjuan Hou
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Third Hospital of Shijiazhuang, Shijiazhuang, 050011, Hebei, China
| | - Zheng Liang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Third Hospital of Shijiazhuang, Shijiazhuang, 050011, Hebei, China
| | - Huiqing Lu
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Third Hospital of Shijiazhuang, Shijiazhuang, 050011, Hebei, China
| | - Lili Liu
- Department of Cardiology, The Third Hospital of Shijiazhuang, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Dongsheng Zhang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Third Hospital of Shijiazhuang, Shijiazhuang, 050011, Hebei, China.
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Mackman N, Sachetto ATA, Hisada Y. Measurement of tissue factor-positive extracellular vesicles in plasma: strengths and weaknesses of current methods. Curr Opin Hematol 2022; 29:266-274. [PMID: 35852819 DOI: 10.1097/moh.0000000000000730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This review evaluates the different methods used to measure levels of tissue factor (TF) in plasma and on extracellular vesicles (EVs). Levels of TF-positive (TF+) EVs in blood are increased in a variety of diseases, such as cancer, sepsis, and viral infection, and are associated with thrombosis. Highly sensitive assays are required to measure the low levels of TF+ EVs in blood. RECENT FINDINGS TF antigen levels in plasma have been measured using standard ELISAs, SimpleStep ELISA technology, and solid-phase proximity ligation assay. Some studies reported the detection of TF+ EVs in plasma by flow cytometry. In addition, TF+ EVs can be captured onto beads and chips using anti-TF antibodies. Several assays have been developed to measure TF activity in EVs isolated from plasma. Importantly, activity-based assays are more sensitive than antigen-based assays as a single TF/FVIIa complex can generate large amounts of FXa. SUMMARY We recommend isolating EVs from plasma and measuring TF activity using a functional assay in the presence and absence of an anti-TF antibody. We do not recommend using antigen-based assays as these are not sensitive enough to detect the low levels of TF in plasma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nigel Mackman
- UNC Blood Research Center, Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, USA
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