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Sromek L, Ylinen E, Kunnasranta M, Maduna SN, Sinisalo T, Michell CT, Kovacs KM, Lydersen C, Ieshko E, Andrievskaya E, Alexeev V, Leidenberger S, Hagen SB, Nyman T. Loss of species and genetic diversity during colonization: Insights from acanthocephalan parasites in northern European seals. Ecol Evol 2023; 13:e10608. [PMID: 37869427 PMCID: PMC10585441 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.10608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Studies on host-parasite systems that have experienced distributional shifts, range fragmentation, and population declines in the past can provide information regarding how parasite community richness and genetic diversity will change as a result of anthropogenic environmental changes in the future. Here, we studied how sequential postglacial colonization, shifts in habitat, and reduced host population sizes have influenced species richness and genetic diversity of Corynosoma (Acanthocephala: Polymorphidae) parasites in northern European marine, brackish, and freshwater seal populations. We collected Corynosoma population samples from Arctic, Baltic, Ladoga, and Saimaa ringed seal subspecies and Baltic gray seals, and then applied COI barcoding and triple-enzyme restriction-site associated DNA (3RAD) sequencing to delimit species, clarify their distributions and community structures, and elucidate patterns of intraspecific gene flow and genetic diversity. Our results showed that Corynosoma species diversity reflected host colonization histories and population sizes, with four species being present in the Arctic, three in the Baltic Sea, two in Lake Ladoga, and only one in Lake Saimaa. We found statistically significant population-genetic differentiation within all three Corynosoma species that occur in more than one seal (sub)species. Genetic diversity tended to be high in Corynosoma populations originating from Arctic ringed seals and low in the landlocked populations. Our results indicate that acanthocephalan communities in landlocked seal populations are impoverished with respect to both species and intraspecific genetic diversity. Interestingly, the loss of genetic diversity within Corynosoma species seems to have been less drastic than in their seal hosts, possibly due to their large local effective population sizes resulting from high infection intensities and effective intra-host population mixing. Our study highlights the utility of genomic methods in investigations of community composition and genetic diversity of understudied parasites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludmila Sromek
- Department of Marine Ecosystems Functioning, Institute of OceanographyUniversity of GdanskGdyniaPoland
| | - Eeva Ylinen
- Department of Environmental and Biological SciencesUniversity of Eastern FinlandJoensuuFinland
| | - Mervi Kunnasranta
- Department of Environmental and Biological SciencesUniversity of Eastern FinlandJoensuuFinland
- Natural Resources Institute FinlandJoensuuFinland
| | - Simo N. Maduna
- Department of Ecosystem in the Barents RegionNorwegian Institute of Bioeconomy ResearchSvanvikNorway
| | - Tuula Sinisalo
- Department of Biological and Environmental SciencesUniversity of JyväskyläJyväskyläFinland
| | - Craig T. Michell
- Department of Environmental and Biological SciencesUniversity of Eastern FinlandJoensuuFinland
- Red Sea Research CenterKing Abdullah University of Science and TechnologyJeddahSaudi Arabia
| | | | | | - Evgeny Ieshko
- Institute of Biology, Karelian Research CentreRussian Academy of SciencesPetrozavodskRussia
| | | | | | - Sonja Leidenberger
- Department of Biology and Bioinformatics, School of BioscienceUniversity of SkövdeSkövdeSweden
| | - Snorre B. Hagen
- Department of Ecosystem in the Barents RegionNorwegian Institute of Bioeconomy ResearchSvanvikNorway
| | - Tommi Nyman
- Department of Ecosystem in the Barents RegionNorwegian Institute of Bioeconomy ResearchSvanvikNorway
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Kozlov A, Vershubskaya G. The prevalence of helminthiases in North-Western Siberia rural indigenous and long-term resident people in 1988-89 and 2018-19. Int J Circumpolar Health 2021; 80:1917270. [PMID: 33899703 PMCID: PMC8078932 DOI: 10.1080/22423982.2021.1917270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this work was to compare the prevalence of opisthorchiasis, diphyllobothriasis, and ascariasis among the rural indigenous and long-term resident people of Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug (KMAO) in the years 1988–89 and 2018–19. Helminth infections were identified by faecal microscopic examinations conducted during health check-ups. We analysed 399 medical records for years 1988–89 and 549 records for 2018–19. There were found a decrease in the prevalence of ascariasis among the indigenous people, but the region remains a hotbed of fish-transmitted helminthiases. The spread of D. latus infestation has remained close to 5% in the indigenous adults. The number of opisthorchiasis-infected children, both indigenous and non-indigenous, has increased significantly (p < 0.05). Among the indigenous adults, opisthorchiasis in 2018–19 was at as high level as in 1988–89 (57.5% vs 54.4%). The non-indigenous adults had O. felineus infestations in 2018–19 frequently than in 1988–89 (p = 0.06). The results of our study on the prevalence of helminth infection in the population of the northern Ob River basin agree with the many years average annual incidence of helminthiases in KMAO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrey Kozlov
- International Laboratory for Social Integration Studies, National Research University Higher School of Economics, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Galina Vershubskaya
- Institute and Museum of Anthropology, Moscow State University, Moscow, Russian Federation
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Hermans R, Vanhove MPM, Ditrich O, Tyml T, Gelnar M, Artois T, Kmentová N. Parasitic flatworms infecting thorny skate, Amblyraja radiata: Infection by the monogeneans Acanthocotyle verrilli and Rajonchocotyle emarginata in Svalbard. Parasitol Int 2020; 81:102261. [PMID: 33276144 DOI: 10.1016/j.parint.2020.102261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Parasite diversity above the Arctic circle remains understudied even for commercially valuable host taxa. Thorny skate, Amblyraja radiata, is a common bycatch species with a growing commercial value. Its natural range covers both sides of the North Atlantic including the Arctic zone. Svalbard is a Norwegian archipelago located on the northwest corner of the Barents Shelf which sustains a spectacular species diversity. So far, several monogenean species have been reported infecting thorny skate across the Atlantic Ocean. In the present study, we intend to fill in the knowledge gap on monogenean parasites infecting thorny skate in the northern part of its range and thus indirectly assess the connectivity between the thorny skate populations off the Svalbard coast and from previously studied locations. 46 monogenean individuals were recovered from 11 specimens of thorny skate. Following morphological and molecular assessment, two species of monogeneans, Acanthocotyle verrilli and Rajonchocotyle emarginata, were identified. The results serve as the northernmost record for both parasite genera and the first record of monogenean species off Svalbard. Detailed morphometric evaluation revealed a relatively high level of morphological variation in A. verrilli compared to its congeners. Phylogenetic reconstruction placed A. verrilli in a well-supported clade with A. imo. Our study also suggests high diagnostic significance of sclerotised structures in the identification of Rajonchocotyle. Even though the occurrence of two directly transmitted parasite species supports the previously suggested long-distance migration of A. radiata, future studies employing highly variable genetic markers are needed to assess the ongoing and historical migration patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Hermans
- Research Group Zoology: Biodiversity & Toxicology, Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Agoralaan Gebouw D, B-3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Maarten P M Vanhove
- Research Group Zoology: Biodiversity & Toxicology, Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Agoralaan Gebouw D, B-3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium; Department of Botany and Zoology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, 611 37 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Oleg Ditrich
- Centre for Polar Ecology, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Branišovská 31, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Tyml
- Centre for Polar Ecology, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Branišovská 31, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Milan Gelnar
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, 611 37 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Tom Artois
- Research Group Zoology: Biodiversity & Toxicology, Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Agoralaan Gebouw D, B-3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Nikol Kmentová
- Research Group Zoology: Biodiversity & Toxicology, Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Agoralaan Gebouw D, B-3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium; Department of Botany and Zoology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, 611 37 Brno, Czech Republic.
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Carlson CJ, Burgio KR, Dougherty ER, Phillips AJ, Bueno VM, Clements CF, Castaldo G, Dallas TA, Cizauskas CA, Cumming GS, Doña J, Harris NC, Jovani R, Mironov S, Muellerklein OC, Proctor HC, Getz WM. Parasite biodiversity faces extinction and redistribution in a changing climate. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2017; 3:e1602422. [PMID: 28913417 PMCID: PMC5587099 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.1602422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2016] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Climate change is a well-documented driver of both wildlife extinction and disease emergence, but the negative impacts of climate change on parasite diversity are undocumented. We compiled the most comprehensive spatially explicit data set available for parasites, projected range shifts in a changing climate, and estimated extinction rates for eight major parasite clades. On the basis of 53,133 occurrences capturing the geographic ranges of 457 parasite species, conservative model projections suggest that 5 to 10% of these species are committed to extinction by 2070 from climate-driven habitat loss alone. We find no evidence that parasites with zoonotic potential have a significantly higher potential to gain range in a changing climate, but we do find that ectoparasites (especially ticks) fare disproportionately worse than endoparasites. Accounting for host-driven coextinctions, models predict that up to 30% of parasitic worms are committed to extinction, driven by a combination of direct and indirect pressures. Despite high local extinction rates, parasite richness could still increase by an order of magnitude in some places, because species successfully tracking climate change invade temperate ecosystems and replace native species with unpredictable ecological consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colin J. Carlson
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Kevin R. Burgio
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06268, USA
| | - Eric R. Dougherty
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Anna J. Phillips
- Department of Invertebrate Zoology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 20013, USA
| | - Veronica M. Bueno
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06268, USA
| | - Christopher F. Clements
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Giovanni Castaldo
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Tad A. Dallas
- Environmental Science and Policy, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Carrie A. Cizauskas
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Graeme S. Cumming
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland 4811, Australia
| | - Jorge Doña
- Department of Evolutionary Ecology, Estación Biológica de Doñana (CSIC), Americo Vespucio s/n, E-41092 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Nyeema C. Harris
- Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan, 830 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Roger Jovani
- Department of Evolutionary Ecology, Estación Biológica de Doñana (CSIC), Americo Vespucio s/n, E-41092 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Sergey Mironov
- Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Universitetskaya Embankment 1, Saint Petersburg 199034, Russia
| | - Oliver C. Muellerklein
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Heather C. Proctor
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2E9, Canada
| | - Wayne M. Getz
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- School of Mathematical Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
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Abstract
AbstractIn this review, we identified 63 cases reported since World War II of human trichinellosis linked to the consumption of parasitized polar bear (Ursus maritimus) meat. This low number contrasts to the numerous cases of human trichinellosis related to consumption of the meat of black (U. americanus) or brown bears (U. arctos). The prevalence of Trichinella infection is high in bears, but larval muscular burden is usually lower in polar bears compared to other bear species. Polar bears, therefore, seem to play a limited role in the transmission of trichinellosis to humans, as native residents living in the Arctic traditionally consume well-cooked bear meat, and travellers and foreign hunters have only limited access to this protected species due to the declining polar bear population.
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