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Vo TP, Nguyen THP, Nguyen VK, Dang TCT, Nguyen LGK, Chung TQ, Vo TTH, Nguyen DQ. Extracting bioactive compounds and proteins from Bacopa monnieri using natural deep eutectic solvents. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0300969. [PMID: 38551952 PMCID: PMC10980249 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0300969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/01/2024] Open
Abstract
This study employed novel extraction methods with natural deep eutectic solvents (NADES) to extract bioactive compounds and proteins from Bacopa monnieri leaves. The conditional influence of ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE), microwave-assisted extraction (MAE), and enzymatic-assisted extraction (EAE) on the recovery efficiency of phenolics, proteins, flavonoids, and terpenoids was evaluated. The conditions of UAE were 50 mL/g LSR, 600W of ultrasonic power, and 30% water content with 40°C for 1 min to obtain the highest bioactive compounds and protein contents. The conditions of MAE were 40 mL/g LSR, 400W of microwave power with 30% water content for 3 min to reach the highest contents of biological compounds. The conditions of EAE were 30 mL/g of LSR, 20 U/g of enzyme concentration with L-Gly-Na molar ratio at 2:4:1, and 40% water content for 60 min to acquire the highest bioactive compound contents. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) is employed to analyze the surface of Bacopa monnieri leaves before and after extraction. Comparing seven extraction methods was conducted to find the most favorable ones. The result showed that the UMEAE method was the most effective way to exploit the compounds. The study suggested that UMEAE effectively extracts phenolics, flavonoids, terpenoids, and protein from DBMP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tan Phat Vo
- Laboratory of Biofuel and Biomass Research, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology (HCMUT), Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City, Thu Duc City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Tran Ha Phuong Nguyen
- Laboratory of Biofuel and Biomass Research, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology (HCMUT), Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City, Thu Duc City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Vy Khang Nguyen
- Laboratory of Biofuel and Biomass Research, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology (HCMUT), Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City, Thu Duc City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Thi Cam Tu Dang
- Laboratory of Biofuel and Biomass Research, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology (HCMUT), Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City, Thu Duc City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Le Gia Kiet Nguyen
- Laboratory of Biofuel and Biomass Research, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology (HCMUT), Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City, Thu Duc City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Thanh Quynh Chung
- Laboratory of Biofuel and Biomass Research, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology (HCMUT), Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City, Thu Duc City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Thi Thanh Huong Vo
- Laboratory of Biofuel and Biomass Research, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology (HCMUT), Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City, Thu Duc City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Dinh Quan Nguyen
- Laboratory of Biofuel and Biomass Research, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology (HCMUT), Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City, Thu Duc City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
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Sarak S, Pisitaro W, Rammak T, Kaewtatip K. Characterization of starch film incorporating Hom Nil rice extract for food packaging purposes. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 254:127820. [PMID: 37918605 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.127820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
Poor water resistance, mechanical properties and stability limit the food packaging applications of starch films. Since the properties of starch films are improved by incorporating phenolic compounds and anthocyanins from natural plant extracts, Hom Nil rice (HN) extract was incorporated into cassava starch solution to produce a starch-based packaging film. We evaluated the extraction condition to optimize the total phenolic and anthocyanin contents of the HN extract. The optimal ratio of ethanol solution:Hom Nil rice powder was 5:1 v/w% and the optimal extraction time was 60 min. The influence of HN extract on the viscosity of the film solution and the properties of the obtained films were investigated. The results showed that the HN extract increased the viscosity of the starch solution. A film containing 8 wt% of HN extract produced the highest water contact angle and tensile strength, and hindered the retrogradation process. Therefore, cassava starch film modified with the proposed HN extract has the potential to be used as a food packaging material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sukanya Sarak
- Division of Physical Science, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90112, Thailand
| | - Wachiraporn Pisitaro
- Office of Scientific Instrument and Testing, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90112, Thailand
| | - Thitirat Rammak
- Division of Physical Science, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90112, Thailand; Center of Excellence for Trace Analysis and Biosensor, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90112, Thailand
| | - Kaewta Kaewtatip
- Division of Physical Science, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90112, Thailand; Center of Excellence for Trace Analysis and Biosensor, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90112, Thailand.
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Maldonado YE, Figueroa JG. Microwave-Assisted Extraction Optimization and Effect of Drying Temperature on Catechins, Procyanidins and Theobromine in Cocoa Beans. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28093755. [PMID: 37175166 PMCID: PMC10180166 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28093755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Cocoa beans (Theobroma cacao L.) are an important source of polyphenols. Nevertheless, the content of these compounds is influenced by post-harvest processes. In this sense, the concentration of polyphenols can decrease by more than 50% during drying. In this study, the process of procyanidins extraction was optimized and the stability of catechins, procyanidins, and theobromine to different drying temperatures was evaluated. First, the effectiveness of methanol, ethanol, acetone, and water as extract solvents was determined. A Box-Behnken design and response surface methodology were used to optimize the Microwave-Assisted Extraction (MAE) process. The ratios of methanol-water, time, and temperature of extraction were selected as independent variables, whereas the concentration of procyanidins was used as a response variable. Concerning the drying, the samples were dried using five temperatures, and a sample freeze-dried was used as a control. The quantitative analyses were carried out by HPLC-DAD-ESI-IT-MS. The optimal MAE conditions were 67 °C, 56 min, and 73% methanol. Regarding the drying, the maximum contents of procyanidins were obtained at 40 °C. To our knowledge, this is the first time that the stability of dimers, trimers, and tetramers of procyanidins on drying temperature was evaluated. In conclusion, drying at 40 °C presented better results than the freeze-drying method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yessenia E Maldonado
- Departamento de Química, Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja (UTPL), Calle Marcelino Champagnat s/n, Loja 110107, Ecuador
| | - Jorge G Figueroa
- Departamento de Química, Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja (UTPL), Calle Marcelino Champagnat s/n, Loja 110107, Ecuador
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Alves JDS, Canabarro NI, Boeira CP, Melo PTS, Aouada MRDM, da Rosa CS. Design of Biodegradable Films Using Pecan Nut Cake Extracts for Food Packing. Foods 2023; 12:foods12071405. [PMID: 37048226 PMCID: PMC10093672 DOI: 10.3390/foods12071405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The excessive consumption of plastic packaging and its consequent disposal and accumulation in the environment have aroused the interest of researchers in developing packaging that can cause less harm to nature. In this sense, this article presents research on the addition of antioxidant extracts from pecan nut cake in biodegradable packaging made with a polymeric mixture of gelatin and corn starch. The films produced were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, thickness, mechanical properties, water vapor permeability (WVP), solubility, water contact angle, optical properties, in vitro bioactive activity, and biodegradability. A higher concentration of total phenolic compounds (101.61 mg GAE/g) was found for the condition where alcohol content and extraction time were 65% and 20 min, respectively. Pecan nut cake (PNC( extracts did not influence the film’s tensile strength, and elongation at break was tightly increased by adding 10–20% extracts. The film’s characterization pointed to more than 67% solubility, and adding PNC extract implied more hydrophilic surfaces (contact angles lower than 65°). Furthermore, the film opacity showed a linear relation with PNC extract concentration, and a higher luminosity (L*) was observed for the film without extract. Furthermore, the antioxidant activity of the films was enhanced with the addition of PNC extracts, and complete biodegradation was observed until the ninth day. Therefore, biodegradable films prepared from a mixture of gelatin starch and enriched with PNC extracts showed excellent mechanical properties and potential as carriers of antioxidant compounds, allowing us to propose their use as active packing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamila dos Santos Alves
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência e Tecnologia dos Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria 97105-900, RS, Brazil
- Correspondence: (J.d.S.A.); (M.R.d.M.A.)
| | | | - Caroline Pagnossim Boeira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência e Tecnologia dos Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria 97105-900, RS, Brazil
| | - Pamela Thais Sousa Melo
- Hybrid Composites and Nanocomposites Group, Department of Physics and Chemistry, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Ilha Solteira 15385-000, SP, Brazil
| | - Marcia Regina de Moura Aouada
- Hybrid Composites and Nanocomposites Group, Department of Physics and Chemistry, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Ilha Solteira 15385-000, SP, Brazil
- Correspondence: (J.d.S.A.); (M.R.d.M.A.)
| | - Claudia Severo da Rosa
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência e Tecnologia dos Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria 97105-900, RS, Brazil
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Wang XH, Wang JP. Ultrasonic-assisted extraction and enrichment of the flavonoids from Salicornia Europaea leaves using macroporous resins and response surface methodology. CHEMICAL PAPERS 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s11696-023-02665-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Cheng M, He J, wang H, Li C, Wu G, Zhu K, Chen X, Zhang Y, Tan L. Comparison of microwave, ultrasound and ultrasound-microwave assisted solvent extraction methods on phenolic profile and antioxidant activity of extracts from jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam.) pulp. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2022.114395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Selectivity Tuning by Natural Deep Eutectic Solvents (NADESs) for Extraction of Bioactive Compounds from Cytinus hypocistis—Studies of Antioxidative, Enzyme-Inhibitive Properties and LC-MS Profiles. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27185788. [PMID: 36144535 PMCID: PMC9502194 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27185788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, the extracts of Cytinus hypocistis (L.) L using both traditional solvents (hexane, ethyl acetate, dichloromethane, ethanol, ethanol/water, and water) and natural deep eutectic solvents (NADESs) were investigated in terms of their total polyphenolic contents and antioxidant and enzyme-inhibitive properties. The extracts were found to possess total phenolic and total flavonoid contents in the ranges of 26.47–186.13 mg GAE/g and 0.68–12.55 mg RE/g, respectively. Higher total phenolic contents were obtained for NADES extracts. Compositional differences were reported in relation to antioxidant potential studied by several assays (DPPH: 70.19–939.35 mg TE/g, ABTS: 172.56–4026.50 mg TE/g; CUPRAC: 97.41–1730.38 mg TE/g, FRAP: 84.11–1534.85 mg TE/g). Application of NADESs (choline chloride—urea 1:2, a so-called Reline) allowed one to obtain the highest number of extracts having antioxidant potential in the radical scavenging and reducing assays. NADES-B (protonated by HCl L-proline-xylitol 5:1) was the only extractant from the studied solvents that isolated a specific fraction without chelating activity. Reline extract exhibited the highest acetylcholinesterase inhibition compared to NADES-B and NADES-C (protonated by H2SO4 L-proline-xylitol 5:1) extracts, which showed no inhibition. The NADES extracts were observed to have higher tyrosinase inhibitory properties compared to extracts obtained by traditional organic solvents. Furthermore, the NADES extracts were relatively better inhibitors of the diabetic enzymes. These findings provided an interesting comparison in terms of total polyphenolic content yields, antioxidant and enzyme inhibitory properties (cholinesterase, amylase, glucosidase, and tyrosinase) between traditional solvent extracts and NADES extracts, used as an alternative. While the organic solvents showed better antioxidant activity, the NADES extracts were found to have some other improved properties, such as higher total phenolic content and enzyme-inhibiting properties, suggesting functional prospects for their use in phytonutrient extraction and fractionation. The obtained results could also be used to give a broad overview of the different biological potentials of C. hypocistis.
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