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Cao X, Xiao L, Zhang L, Chen M, Bian P, Ma Q, Chen S, He Q, Ma X, Yao Z, Zhao S. Phenotypic and histological analyses on the resistance of melon to Phelipanche aegyptiaca. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1070319. [PMID: 37035047 PMCID: PMC10079939 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1070319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Melon (Cucumis melo L.) is an economically important crop in Xinjiang, China, but its production is constrained by the parasitic plant Phelipanche aegyptiaca that attaches to the roots of many crops and causes severe stunting and loss of yield. Rhizotron, pot, and field experiments were employed to evaluate the resistance of 27 melon cultivars to P. aegyptiaca. Then, the resistant and susceptible cultivars were inoculated with P. aegyptiaca from six populations to assess their resistance stability and broad spectrum. Further microscopic and histological analyses were used to clarify the resistance phenotypes and histological structure. The results showed that Huangpi 9818 and KR1326 were more resistant to P. aegyptiaca compared to other cultivars in the rhizotron, pot, and field experiments. In addition, compared to the susceptible cultivar K1076, Huangpi 9818 and KR1326 showed broad-spectrum resistance to six P. aegyptiaca populations. These two resistant cultivars had lower P. aegyptiaca biomass and fewer and smaller P. aegyptiaca attachments on their roots compared to susceptible cultivar K1076. KR1326 (resistant) and K1076 (susceptible) were selected to further study resistance phenotypes and mechanisms. Germination-inducing activity of root exudates and microscopic analysis showed that the resistance in KR1326 was not related to low induction of P. aegyptiaca germination. The tubercles of parasite on KR1326 were observed slightly brown at 14 days after inoculation (DAI), the necrosis and arrest of parasite development occurred at 23 DAI. Histological analysis of necrosis tubercles showed that the endophyte of parasite had reached host central cylinder, connected with host xylem, and accumulation of secretions and callose were detected in neighbouring cells. We concluded that KR1326 is an important melon cultivar for P. aegyptiaca resistance that could be used to expand the genetic basis of cultivated muskmelon for resistance to the parasite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolei Cao
- Key Laboratory of Oasis Agricultural Pest Management and Plant Protection Resources Utilization, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Special Fruits and Vegetables Cultivation Physiology and Germplasm Resources Utilization of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Lifeng Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Oasis Agricultural Pest Management and Plant Protection Resources Utilization, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Oasis Agricultural Pest Management and Plant Protection Resources Utilization, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Meixiu Chen
- Key Laboratory of Oasis Agricultural Pest Management and Plant Protection Resources Utilization, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Pengxuan Bian
- Key Laboratory of Oasis Agricultural Pest Management and Plant Protection Resources Utilization, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Qianqian Ma
- Key Laboratory of Oasis Agricultural Pest Management and Plant Protection Resources Utilization, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Siyu Chen
- Key Laboratory of Oasis Agricultural Pest Management and Plant Protection Resources Utilization, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Quanlong He
- Key Laboratory of Oasis Agricultural Pest Management and Plant Protection Resources Utilization, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Xinli Ma
- Hami Melon Research Center, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Science, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Zhaoqun Yao
- Key Laboratory of Oasis Agricultural Pest Management and Plant Protection Resources Utilization, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Sifeng Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Oasis Agricultural Pest Management and Plant Protection Resources Utilization, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
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Harnessing plant resistance against Striga spp. parasitism in major cereal crops for enhanced crop production and food security in Sub-Saharan Africa: a review. Food Secur 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s12571-023-01345-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
AbstractGiven their long-lasting seed viability, 15–20-year lifespan and their high seed production levels, a significant impact of parasitic plant Striga spp. on African food production is inevitable. Over the last decades, climate change has increasingly favoured the adaptability, spread and virulence of major Striga species, S. hermonthica and S. asiatica, across arable land in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). These parasitic weeds are causing important yield losses on several staple food crops and endangering food and nutritional security in many SSA countries. Losses caused by Striga spp. are amplified by low soil fertility and recurrent droughts. The impact of Striga parasitism has been characterized through different phenotypic and genotypic traits assessment of their host plants. Among all control strategies, host-plant resistance remains the most pro-poor, easy-to-adopt, sustainable and eco-friendly control strategy against Striga parasitism. This review highlights the impact of Striga parasitism on food security in SSA and reports recent results related to the genetic basis of different agronomic, pheno-physiological and biochemical traits associated with the resistance to Striga in major African cereal food crops.
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Crop diversification and parasitic weed abundance: a global meta-analysis. Sci Rep 2022; 12:19413. [PMID: 36371505 PMCID: PMC9653488 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-24047-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Parasitic weeds cause huge annual losses to food production globally. A small number of species from the genera Cuscuta, Orobanche, Phelipanche and Striga have proliferated across many agroecological zones. Their control is compromised due to the lack of efficacy of conventional herbicides and their rapid adaptation to new resistant crop cultivars. A broad range of studies suggest consistent reductions in parasitic weed densities owing to increased spatial (intercropping) and temporal diversity (crop rotation). However, to date, no synthesis of this body of research has been published. Here we report the results of a meta-analysis using 1525 paired observations from 67 studies across 24 countries, comparing parasitic weed density and crop yields from monocrop and more diverse cropping systems. We found both spatial and temporal crop diversification had a significant effect on parasitic weed density reduction. Furthermore, our results show effects of spatial diversification are stronger in suppressing parasitic weeds than temporal effects. Furthermore, the analysis indicates intercrops which alter both microclimate and soil chemistry (e.g. Crotalaria, Stylosanthes, Berseem clover and Desmodium) are most effective in parasitic weed management. This analysis serves to underline the viability of crop diversification as a tool to enhance food security globally.
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Qiu S, Bradley JM, Zhang P, Chaudhuri R, Blaxter M, Butlin RK, Scholes JD. Genome-enabled discovery of candidate virulence loci in Striga hermonthica, a devastating parasite of African cereal crops. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2022; 236:622-638. [PMID: 35699626 PMCID: PMC9795911 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Parasites have evolved proteins, virulence factors (VFs), that facilitate plant colonisation, however VFs mediating parasitic plant-host interactions are poorly understood. Striga hermonthica is an obligate, root-parasitic plant of cereal hosts in sub-Saharan Africa, causing devastating yield losses. Understanding the molecular nature and allelic variation of VFs in S. hermonthica is essential for breeding resistance and delaying the evolution of parasite virulence. We assembled the S. hermonthica genome and identified secreted proteins using in silico prediction. Pooled sequencing of parasites growing on a susceptible and a strongly resistant rice host allowed us to scan for loci where selection imposed by the resistant host had elevated the frequency of alleles contributing to successful colonisation. Thirty-eight putatively secreted VFs had very different allele frequencies with functions including host cell wall modification, protease or protease inhibitor and kinase activities. These candidate loci had significantly higher Tajima's D than the genomic background, consistent with balancing selection. Our results reveal diverse strategies used by S. hermonthica to overcome different layers of host resistance. Understanding the maintenance of variation at virulence loci by balancing selection will be critical to managing the evolution of virulence as part of a sustainable control strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suo Qiu
- School of BiosciencesUniversity of SheffieldWestern BankSheffieldS10 2TNUK
| | - James M. Bradley
- School of BiosciencesUniversity of SheffieldWestern BankSheffieldS10 2TNUK
| | - Peijun Zhang
- School of BiosciencesUniversity of SheffieldWestern BankSheffieldS10 2TNUK
| | - Roy Chaudhuri
- School of BiosciencesUniversity of SheffieldWestern BankSheffieldS10 2TNUK
| | - Mark Blaxter
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology, School of Biological SciencesThe University of Edinburgh, Ashworth LaboratoriesCharlotte Auerbach RoadEdinburghEH9 3FLUK
- Wellcome Sanger InstituteWellcome Genome Campus, HinxtonCambridgeCB10 1SAUK
| | - Roger K. Butlin
- School of BiosciencesUniversity of SheffieldWestern BankSheffieldS10 2TNUK
- Department of Marine SciencesUniversity of GothenburgS‐405 30GothenburgSweden
| | - Julie D. Scholes
- School of BiosciencesUniversity of SheffieldWestern BankSheffieldS10 2TNUK
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5
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Parker C. A Personal History in Parasitic Weeds and Their Control. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10112249. [PMID: 34834612 PMCID: PMC8622887 DOI: 10.3390/plants10112249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This invited paper summarises a career in which I became increasingly involved in research and related activities on Striga and other parasitic weeds. It also presents a personal view of the present status of parasitic weed problems and their control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris Parker
- Independent Researcher, 6 Royal York Crescent, Bristol BS8 4JZ, UK
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Scott D, Scholes JD, Randrianjafizanaka MT, Randriamampianina JA, Autfray P, Freckleton RP. Identifying existing management practices in the control of Striga asiatica within rice-maize systems in mid-west Madagascar. Ecol Evol 2021; 11:13579-13592. [PMID: 34646491 PMCID: PMC8495792 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.8085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Infestations by the parasitic weed genus Striga result in significant losses to cereal crop yields across sub-Saharan Africa. The problem disproportionately affects subsistence farmers who frequently lack access to novel technologies. Effective Striga management therefore requires the development of strategies utilizing existing cultural management practices. We report a multiyear, landscape-scale monitoring project for Striga asiatica in the mid-west of Madagascar, undertaken over 2019-2020 with the aims of examining cultural, climatic, and edaphic factors currently driving abundance and distribution. Long-distance transects were established across the middle-west region of Madagascar, over which S. asiatica abundance in fields was estimated. Analysis of the data highlights the importance of crop variety and legumes in driving Striga density. Moreover, the dataset revealed significant effect of precipitation seasonality, mean temperature, and altitude in determining abundance. A composite management index indicated the effect of a range of cultural practices on changes in Striga abundance. The findings support the assertion that single measures are not sufficient for the effective, long-term management of Striga. Furthermore, the composite score has potential as a significant guide of integrated Striga management beyond the geographic range of this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donald Scott
- Department of Animal & Plant SciencesUniversity of SheffieldSheffieldUK
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Muchira N, Ngugi K, Wamalwa LN, Avosa M, Chepkorir W, Manyasa E, Nyamongo D, Odeny DA. Genotypic Variation in Cultivated and Wild Sorghum Genotypes in Response to Striga hermonthica Infestation. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:671984. [PMID: 34305972 PMCID: PMC8296141 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.671984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Striga hermonthica is the most important parasitic weed in sub-Saharan Africa and remains one of the most devastating biotic factors affecting sorghum production in the western regions of Kenya. Farmers have traditionally managed Striga using cultural methods, but the most effective and practical solution to poor smallholder farmers is to develop Striga-resistant varieties. This study was undertaken with the aim of identifying new sources of resistance to Striga in comparison with the conventional sources as standard checks. We evaluated 64 sorghum genotypes consisting of wild relatives, landraces, improved varieties, and fourth filial generation (F4) progenies in both a field trial and a pot trial. Data were collected for days to 50% flowering (DTF), dry panicle weight (DPW, g), plant height (PH, cm), yield (YLD, t ha-1), 100-grain weight (HGW, g), overall disease score (ODS), overall pest score (OPS), area under Striga number progress curve (ASNPC), maximum above-ground Striga (NSmax), and number of Striga-forming capsules (NSFC) at relevant stages. Genetic diversity and hybridity confirmation was determined using Diversity Arrays Technology sequencing (DArT-seq). Residual heterosis for HGW and NSmax was calculated as the percent increase or decrease in performance of F4 crossover midparent (MP). The top 10 best yielding genotypes were predominantly F4 crosses in both experiments, all of which yielded better than resistant checks, except FRAMIDA in the field trial and HAKIKA in the pot trial. Five F4 progenies (ICSVIII IN × E36-1, LANDIWHITE × B35, B35 × E36-1, F6YQ212 × B35, and ICSVIII IN × LODOKA) recorded some of the highest HGW in both trials revealing their stability in good performance. Three genotypes (F6YQ212, GBK045827, and F6YQ212xB35) and one check (SRN39) were among the most resistant to Striga in both trials. SNPs generated from DArT-seq grouped the genotypes into three major clusters, with all resistant checks grouping in the same cluster except N13. We identified more resistant and high-yielding genotypes than the conventional checks, especially among the F4 crosses, which should be promoted for adoption by farmers. Future studies will need to look for more diverse sources of Striga resistance and pyramid different mechanisms of resistance into farmer-preferred varieties to enhance the durability of Striga resistance in the fields of farmers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicoleta Muchira
- Department of Plant Science and Crop Protection, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics-Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Kahiu Ngugi
- Department of Plant Science and Crop Protection, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Lydia N. Wamalwa
- Department of Plant Science and Crop Protection, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Millicent Avosa
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics-Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Wiliter Chepkorir
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics-Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Eric Manyasa
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics-Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Desterio Nyamongo
- Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organization, Genetic Resources Research Institute, Kikuyu, Kenya
| | - Damaris A. Odeny
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics-Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya
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8
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Jamil M, Kountche BA, Al-Babili S. Current progress in Striga management. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 185:1339-1352. [PMID: 33793943 PMCID: PMC8133620 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiab040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The Striga, particularly S. he rmonthica, problem has become a major threat to food security, exacerbating hunger and poverty in many African countries. A number of Striga control strategies have been proposed and tested during the past decade, however, further research efforts are still needed to provide sustainable and effective solutions to the Striga problem. In this paper, we provide an update on the recent progress and the approaches used in Striga management, and highlight emerging opportunities for developing new technologies to control this enigmatic parasite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Jamil
- Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering, the BioActives Lab, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Boubacar A Kountche
- Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering, the BioActives Lab, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Salim Al-Babili
- Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering, the BioActives Lab, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
- Author for communication:
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9
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Yacoubou A, Zoumarou Wallis N, Menkir A, Zinsou VA, Onzo A, Garcia‐Oliveira AL, Meseka S, Wende M, Gedil M, Agre P. Breeding maize ( Zea mays) for Striga resistance: Past, current and prospects in sub-saharan africa. PLANT BREEDING = ZEITSCHRIFT FUR PFLANZENZUCHTUNG 2021; 140:195-210. [PMID: 34239217 PMCID: PMC8248382 DOI: 10.1111/pbr.12896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Striga hermonthica, causes up to 100% yield loss in maize production in Sub-Saharan Africa. Developing Striga-resistant maize cultivars could be a major component of integrated Striga management strategies. This paper presents a comprehensive overview of maize breeding activities related to Striga resistance and its management. Scientific surveys have revealed that conventional breeding strategies have been used more than molecular breeding strategies in maize improvement for Striga resistance. Striga resistance genes are still under study in the International Institute for Tropical Agriculture (IITA) maize breeding programme. There is also a need to discover QTL and molecular markers associated with such genes to improve Striga resistance in maize. Marker Assistance Breeding is expected to increase maize breeding efficiency with complex traits such as resistance towards Striga because of the complex nature of the host-parasite relationship and its intersection with other environmental factors. Conventional alongside molecular tools and technical controls are promising methods to effectively assess Striga in Sub-Saharan Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdoul‐Madjidou Yacoubou
- Laboratoire de Phytotechnie, d’Amélioration et de Protection des Plantes (LaPAPP)Département des Sciences et Techniques de Production Végétale (STPV)Faculté d’AgronomieUniversité de ParakouParakouBénin
- International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA)Oyo RoadPMB 5320IbadanNigeria
- Institut National des Recherches Agricoles du Bénin01 BP 884CotonouBénin
| | - Nouhoun Zoumarou Wallis
- Laboratoire de Phytotechnie, d’Amélioration et de Protection des Plantes (LaPAPP)Département des Sciences et Techniques de Production Végétale (STPV)Faculté d’AgronomieUniversité de ParakouParakouBénin
| | - Abebe Menkir
- International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA)Oyo RoadPMB 5320IbadanNigeria
| | - Valerien A. Zinsou
- Laboratoire de Phytotechnie, d’Amélioration et de Protection des Plantes (LaPAPP)Département des Sciences et Techniques de Production Végétale (STPV)Faculté d’AgronomieUniversité de ParakouParakouBénin
| | - Alexis Onzo
- Laboratoire de Phytotechnie, d’Amélioration et de Protection des Plantes (LaPAPP)Département des Sciences et Techniques de Production Végétale (STPV)Faculté d’AgronomieUniversité de ParakouParakouBénin
| | | | - Silvestro Meseka
- International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA)Oyo RoadPMB 5320IbadanNigeria
| | - Mengesha Wende
- International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA)Oyo RoadPMB 5320IbadanNigeria
| | - Melaku Gedil
- International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA)Oyo RoadPMB 5320IbadanNigeria
| | - Paterne Agre
- International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA)Oyo RoadPMB 5320IbadanNigeria
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10
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Clarke CR, Timko MP, Yoder JI, Axtell MJ, Westwood JH. Molecular Dialog Between Parasitic Plants and Their Hosts. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2019; 57:279-299. [PMID: 31226021 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-phyto-082718-100043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Parasitic plants steal sugars, water, and other nutrients from host plants through a haustorial connection. Several species of parasitic plants such as witchweeds (Striga spp.) and broomrapes (Orobanche and Phelipanche spp.) are major biotic constraints to agricultural production. Parasitic plants are understudied compared with other major classes of plant pathogens, but the recent availability of genomic and transcriptomic data has accelerated the rate of discovery of the molecular mechanisms underpinning plant parasitism. Here, we review the current body of knowledge of how parasitic plants sense host plants, germinate, form parasitic haustorial connections, and suppress host plant immune responses. Additionally, we assess whether parasitic plants fit within the current paradigms used to understand the molecular mechanisms of microbial plant-pathogen interactions. Finally, we discuss challenges facing parasitic plant research and propose the most urgent questions that need to be answered to advance our understanding of plant parasitism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher R Clarke
- Genetic Improvement for Fruits and Vegetables Laboratory, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, Maryland 20705, USA
| | - Michael P Timko
- Department of Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, USA
| | - John I Yoder
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, California 95616, USA
| | - Michael J Axtell
- Department of Biology and Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - James H Westwood
- School of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, USA;
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11
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Mutuku JM, Cui S, Hori C, Takeda Y, Tobimatsu Y, Nakabayashi R, Mori T, Saito K, Demura T, Umezawa T, Yoshida S, Shirasu K. The Structural Integrity of Lignin Is Crucial for Resistance against Striga hermonthica Parasitism in Rice. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 179:1796-1809. [PMID: 30670602 PMCID: PMC6446757 DOI: 10.1104/pp.18.01133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2018] [Accepted: 01/13/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Striga species are parasitic weeds that seriously constrain the productivity of food staples, including cereals and legumes, in Sub-Saharan Africa and Asia. In eastern and central Africa, Striga spp. infest as much as 40 million hectares of smallholder farmland causing total crop failure during severe infestation. As the molecular mechanisms underlying resistance are yet to be elucidated, we undertook a comparative metabolome study using the Striga-resistant rice (Oryza sativa) cultivar 'Nipponbare' and the susceptible cultivar 'Koshihikari'. We found that a number of metabolites accumulated preferentially in the Striga-resistant cultivar upon Striga hermonthica infection. Most apparent was increased deposition of lignin, a phenylpropanoid polymer mainly composed of p-hydroxyphenyl (H), guaiacyl (G), and syringyl (S) aromatic units, around the site of interaction in Nipponbare. The increased deposition of lignin was accompanied by induction of the expression of corresponding enzyme-encoding genes in the phenylpropanoid pathway. In addition, perturbing normal lignin composition by knocking down or overexpressing the genes that regulate lignin composition, i.e. p-COUMARATE 3-HYDROXYLASE or FERULATE 5-HYDROXYLASE, enhanced susceptibility of Nipponbare to S hermonthica infection. These results demonstrate that enhanced lignin deposition and maintenance of the structural integrity of lignin polymers deposited at the infection site are crucial for postattachment resistance against S hermonthica.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Musembi Mutuku
- Biosciences Eastern and Central Africa - International Livestock Research Institute (BecA-ILRI) Hub, 00100 Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Songkui Cui
- Institute for Research Initiatives, Division for Research Strategy, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
- Division of Biological Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Chiaki Hori
- Research Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8628, Japan
| | - Yuri Takeda
- Research Institute for Sustainable Humanosphere, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Yuki Tobimatsu
- Research Institute for Sustainable Humanosphere, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Ryo Nakabayashi
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Mori
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Kazuki Saito
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8675, Japan
| | - Taku Demura
- Division of Biological Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Umezawa
- Research Institute for Sustainable Humanosphere, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
- Research Unit for Development and Global Sustainability, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Satoko Yoshida
- Institute for Research Initiatives, Division for Research Strategy, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
- Division of Biological Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Ken Shirasu
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
- Graduate School of Biological Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
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12
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Yamamoto N, Garcia R, Suzuki T, Solis CA, Tada Y, Venuprasad R, Kohli A. Comparative whole genome re-sequencing analysis in upland New Rice for Africa: insights into the breeding history and respective genome compositions. RICE (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2018; 11:33. [PMID: 29766351 PMCID: PMC5953909 DOI: 10.1186/s12284-018-0224-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2017] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increasing rice demand is one of the consequences of the steadily improving socio-economic status of the African countries. New Rice for Africa (NERICA), which are interspecific hybrids between Asian and African rice varieties, are one of successful breeding products utilizing biodiversity across the two different rice crop species. Upland NERICA varieties (NU) exhibit agronomic traits of value for the harsh eco-geography, including shorter duration, higher yield and stress tolerance, compared to local African varieties. However, the molecular basis of the traits in NU varieties is largely unknown. RESULTS Whole genome re-sequencing was performed of four NU lines (3, 4, 5, and 7) and for the parental Oryza sativa WAB56-104 and Oryza glaberrima CG14. The k-mer analysis predicted large genomes for the four NU lines, most likely inherited from WAB56-104. Approximately 3.1, 0.10, and 0.40 million single nucleotide polymorphisms, multi nucleotide polymorphisms, and short insertions/deletions were mined between the parental lines, respectively. Integrated analysis with another four NU lines (1, 2, 8, and 9) showed that the ratios of the donor CG14 allelic sites in the NU lines ranged from 1.3 to 9.8%. High resolution graphical genotype indicated genome-level similarities and common genetic events during the breeding process: five xyloglucan fucosyltransferase from O. glaberrima were introgressed in common. Segregation of genic segments revealed potential causal genes for some agronomic traits including grain shattering, awnness, susceptibility to bacterial leaf bright, and salt tolerance. Analysis of unmapped sequences against the reference cultivar Nipponbare indicated existence of unique genes for pathogen and abiotic stress resistance in the NU varieties. CONCLUSIONS The results provide understanding of NU genomes for rice improvement for Africa reinforcing local capacity for food security and insights into molecular events in breeding of interspecific hybrid crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Yamamoto
- International Rice Research Institute, Los Baños, Laguna, Philippines.
| | - Richard Garcia
- International Rice Research Institute, Los Baños, Laguna, Philippines
| | - Tomohiro Suzuki
- Utsunomiya University, 350 Mine-machi, Utsunomiya, Tochigi, Japan
| | | | - Yuichi Tada
- Tokyo University of Technology, 1404-1 Katakura, Hachioji, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Ajay Kohli
- International Rice Research Institute, Los Baños, Laguna, Philippines.
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Samejima H, Sugimoto Y. Recent research progress in combatting root parasitic weeds. BIOTECHNOL BIOTEC EQ 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/13102818.2017.1420427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroaki Samejima
- Division of Applied Chemistry in Bioscience, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Yukihiro Sugimoto
- Division of Applied Chemistry in Bioscience, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
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14
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Rodenburg J, Cissoko M, Kayongo N, Dieng I, Bisikwa J, Irakiza R, Masoka I, Midega CAO, Scholes JD. Genetic variation and host-parasite specificity of Striga resistance and tolerance in rice: the need for predictive breeding. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2017; 214:1267-1280. [PMID: 28191641 PMCID: PMC5412873 DOI: 10.1111/nph.14451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2016] [Accepted: 12/15/2016] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The parasitic weeds Striga asiatica and Striga hermonthica cause devastating yield losses to upland rice in Africa. Little is known about genetic variation in host resistance and tolerance across rice genotypes, in relation to virulence differences across Striga species and ecotypes. Diverse rice genotypes were phenotyped for the above traits in S. asiatica- (Tanzania) and S. hermonthica-infested fields (Kenya and Uganda) and under controlled conditions. New rice genotypes with either ecotype-specific or broad-spectrum resistance were identified. Resistance identified in the field was confirmed under controlled conditions, providing evidence that resistance was largely genetically determined. Striga-resistant genotypes contributed to yield security under Striga-infested conditions, although grain yield was also determined by the genotype-specific yield potential and tolerance. Tolerance, the physiological mechanism mitigating Striga effects on host growth and physiology, was unrelated to resistance, implying that any combination of high, medium or low levels of these traits can be found across rice genotypes. Striga virulence varies across species and ecotypes. The extent of Striga-induced host damage results from the interaction between parasite virulence and genetically determined levels of host-plant resistance and tolerance. These novel findings support the need for predictive breeding strategies based on knowledge of host resistance and parasite virulence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonne Rodenburg
- Africa Rice Center (AfricaRice)01 BP 4029Abidjan 01Côte d'Ivoire
| | - Mamadou Cissoko
- Africa Rice Center (AfricaRice)East and Southern AfricaPO Box 33581Dar es SalaamTanzania
- Department of Animal and Plant SciencesUniversity of SheffieldSheffieldS10 2TNUK
| | - Nicholas Kayongo
- School of Agricultural SciencesMakerere UniversityPO Box 7062KampalaUganda
| | - Ibnou Dieng
- Africa Rice Center (AfricaRice)01 BP 2551Bouaké 01Côte d'Ivoire
| | - Jenipher Bisikwa
- School of Agricultural SciencesMakerere UniversityPO Box 7062KampalaUganda
| | - Runyambo Irakiza
- Africa Rice Center (AfricaRice)East and Southern AfricaPO Box 33581Dar es SalaamTanzania
| | - Isaac Masoka
- Department of Plant SciencesKenyatta UniversityPO Box 43844‐00100NairobiKenya
| | - Charles A. O. Midega
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (ICIPE)PO Box 30Mbita40305Kenya
| | - Julie D. Scholes
- Department of Animal and Plant SciencesUniversity of SheffieldSheffieldS10 2TNUK
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15
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Horton P, Banwart SA, Brockington D, Brown GW, Bruce R, Cameron D, Holdsworth M, Lenny Koh SC, Ton J, Jackson P. An agenda for integrated system-wide interdisciplinary agri-food research. Food Secur 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s12571-017-0648-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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16
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Samejima H, Babiker AG, Mustafa A, Sugimoto Y. Identification of Striga hermonthica-Resistant Upland Rice Varieties in Sudan and Their Resistance Phenotypes. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:634. [PMID: 27242837 PMCID: PMC4865650 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.00634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2015] [Accepted: 04/25/2016] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Rice has become a major staple cereal in sub-Saharan Africa. Currently, upland rice cultivation is expanding particularly in rainfed areas where the root parasitic weed Striga hermonthica, a major constraint to cereal production, is endemic. Laboratory, pot, and semi-controlled open air experiments were performed to evaluate resistance of selected rice varieties in Sudan to a resident S. hermonthica population. In the laboratory, 27 varieties were screened for post-attachment resistance using the rhizotron technique. Varieties displaying high post-attachment resistance, Umgar, NERICA5, and NERICA13 together with NERICA4, NERICA18, and Nipponbare, a lowland rice variety, were further evaluated for performance and Striga resistance in pot and semi-controlled open air experiments and for germination inducing activity in a laboratory. In addition, comparative studies on reaction of Umgar, Kosti1 and Kosti2, released varieties for commercial production in Sudan, to the parasite were performed in two pot experiments. In the pot experiments Umgar and NERICA5, consistently, sustained the lowest Striga emergence (<2.2 Striga plants per pot), while NERICA13 and NERICA4 supported 1.8-5.7 and 8.7-16.4 Striga plants per pot, respectively. In an artificially Striga-infested field, number of emergent Striga plants per 10 rice hills, at harvest, was 2.0, 2.0, 4.8, 13.5, 13.3, and 18.3 on Umgar, NERICA5, NERICA13, NERICA4, NERICA18, and Nipponbare, respectively. Striga had no adverse effects on total above-ground parts and panicle dry weight in Umgar and NERICA5. Germination-inducing activity of root exudates, at 14 days after sowing onward, was markedly lower for Umgar than for NERICA5, NERICA13, NERICA4, and NERICA18. Based on these findings, Umgar has both pre and post-attachment resistance to a resident Striga population in Sudan. Kosti1 and Kosti2 did not exhibit Striga-resistance at the same level as Umgar. Further the resistance of NERICA5, a variety reported to be endowed with a broad spectrum resistance to Striga species and ecotypes, at least to one resident Striga population in Sudan was clearly indicated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroaki Samejima
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe UniversityKobe, Japan
- International Cooperation Center for Agricultural Education, Nagoya UniversityNagoya, Japan
- *Correspondence: Hiroaki Samejima,
| | - Abdel G. Babiker
- College of Agricultural Studies, Sudan University of Science and TechnologyKhartoum North, Sudan
| | - Ahmed Mustafa
- Gezira Research Station, Agricultural Research CorporationWad Madani, Sudan
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