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Kim A, Kim J, Kye S. Sugar-sweetened beverage consumption and influencing factors in Korean adolescents: based on the 2017 Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.4163/jnh.2018.51.5.465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ayoung Kim
- Graduate School of Education, Gachon University, Seongnam, Gyeonggi 13120, Korea
| | - Jinhee Kim
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Gyeonggi 16499, Korea
| | - Seunghee Kye
- Graduate School of Education, Gachon University, Seongnam, Gyeonggi 13120, Korea
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Kaye EK, Heaton B, Sohn W, Rich SE, Spiro A, Garcia RI. The Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension Diet and New and Recurrent Root Caries Events in Men. J Am Geriatr Soc 2015; 63:1812-9. [DOI: 10.1111/jgs.13614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth K. Kaye
- Department of Health Policy and Health Services Research; Henry M. Goldman School of Dental Medicine; Boston University; Boston Massachusetts
- Veterans Affairs Boston Healthcare System; Boston Massachusetts
| | - Brenda Heaton
- Department of Health Policy and Health Services Research; Henry M. Goldman School of Dental Medicine; Boston University; Boston Massachusetts
| | - Woosung Sohn
- Department of Health Policy and Health Services Research; Henry M. Goldman School of Dental Medicine; Boston University; Boston Massachusetts
| | - Sharron E. Rich
- Department of Health Policy and Health Services Research; Henry M. Goldman School of Dental Medicine; Boston University; Boston Massachusetts
- Edith Nourse Rogers Memorial Veterans Affairs Medical Center; Bedford Massachusetts
| | - Avron Spiro
- Department of Health Policy and Health Services Research; Henry M. Goldman School of Dental Medicine; Boston University; Boston Massachusetts
- Veterans Affairs Boston Healthcare System; Boston Massachusetts
- Department of Epidemiology; School of Public Health; Boston University; Boston Massachusetts
- Department of Psychiatry; School of Medicine; Boston University; Boston Massachusetts
| | - Raul I. Garcia
- Department of Health Policy and Health Services Research; Henry M. Goldman School of Dental Medicine; Boston University; Boston Massachusetts
- Veterans Affairs Boston Healthcare System; Boston Massachusetts
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Hasselkvist A, Johansson A, Johansson AK. Association between soft drink consumption, oral health and some lifestyle factors in Swedish adolescents. Acta Odontol Scand 2014; 72:1039-46. [PMID: 25183250 DOI: 10.3109/00016357.2014.946964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim was to investigate the relationship between soft drink consumption, oral health and some lifestyle factors in Swedish adolescents. MATERIALS AND METHODS A clinical dental examination and a questionnaire concerning lifestyle factors, including drinking habits, oral hygiene, dietary consumption, physical activity and screen-viewing habits were completed. Three hundred and ninety-two individuals completed the study (13-14 years, n = 195; 18-19 years, n = 197). The material was divided into high and low carbonated soft drink consumption groups, corresponding to approximately the highest and the lowest one-third of subjects in each age group. Differences between the groups were tested by the Mann-Whitney U-test and logistic regression. RESULTS Intake of certain dietary items, tooth brushing, sports activities, meal patterns, screen-viewing behaviors, BMI and parents born outside Sweden differed significantly between high and low consumers in one or both of the two age groups. Dental erosion (both age groups) and DMFT/DMFS (18-19 years group) were significantly higher in the high consumption groups. Logistic regression showed predictive variables for high consumption of carbonated soft drinks to be mainly gender (male), unhealthy dietary habits, lesser physical activity, higher BMI and longer time spent in front of TV/computer. CONCLUSION High soft drink consumption was related to poorer oral health and an unhealthier lifestyle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agneta Hasselkvist
- Department of Clinical Dentistry-Cariology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Bergen , Bergen , Norway
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Sugar-sweetened beverages and dental caries in adults: A 4-year prospective study. J Dent 2014; 42:952-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2014.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2014] [Revised: 04/15/2014] [Accepted: 04/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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ElSalhy M, Honkala S, Söderling E, Varghese A, Honkala E. Relationship between daily habits, Streptococcus mutans, and caries among schoolboys. J Dent 2013; 41:1000-6. [PMID: 23948392 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2013.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2013] [Revised: 08/02/2013] [Accepted: 08/03/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to examine the associations between daily habits, Streptococcus mutans, and caries using International Caries Detection and Assessment System Caries Index (ICDAS CI); and compare it to the DMF index. SUBJECTS AND METHODS Altogether 122 children were examined and interviewed. Saliva and plaque samples were collected and analyzed by Dentocult SM(®) Strip Mutans test. ICDAS CI was calculated by counting all ICDAS caries scores of all surfaces divided by total number of carious teeth. RESULTS ICDAS CI was significantly (p<0.01) and strongly associated with DMFT/dmft (ρ=0.72), DMFS/dmfs (ρ=0.72), total number of carious teeth (DT/dt) (ρ=0.77), enamel caries surfaces (ρ=0.61) and dentine caries surfaces (ρ=0.75). Plaque S. mutans was significantly (p<0.05) correlated with ICDAS CI and DT/dt. Children who brushed once a day or more had significantly lower ICDAS CI (p<0.01). Children who consumed sweets or drank soft drinks more than once a day had significantly higher ICDAS CI (p<0.05). No significant association was found between ICDAS CI and frequency of flossing, use of mouthrinse, or gum chewing. CONCLUSION ICDAS CI seems to have similar trends as DMF indices, but includes more information about the stage, severity, and progress of the caries lesions of the patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed ElSalhy
- Faculty of Dentistry, Kuwait University, Kuwait; Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, Finland
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Levy DT, Friend KB. Simulation modeling of policies directed at youth sugar-sweetened beverage consumption. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF COMMUNITY PSYCHOLOGY 2013; 51:299-313. [PMID: 22810953 DOI: 10.1007/s10464-012-9535-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Childhood obesity is a significant public health problem requiring innovative solutions. While recent reviews indicate that some policies show promise, there is a lack of information regarding which policies, and policy combinations, work best. Low-nutrition, energy-dense foods and beverages such as sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) have been identified as a major contributor to the problem. The purpose of this paper is to use simulation modeling to show how changes in three categories of SSB policies-school nutrition, school-based education, and taxes-impact SSB and other food consumption. The model shows that policies directed at SSBs, particularly tax hikes, could lead to substantial reductions in the number of calories consumed by youth. The estimates, however, are subject to a high degree of uncertainty. Estimates from school-based nutrition and school-based education policies, while also helping to reduce caloric intake, generally show smaller effects than tax policies and considerable variation around parameter estimates for individual and combined policies. We conclude with a discussion of the limits of the model, and suggest where additional information is needed. Limitations notwithstanding, simulation modeling is a promising methodology that can help advance our understanding of policy effects, thereby helping policymakers to better formulate effective policies to reduce obesity prevalence and the associated social harms.
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Affiliation(s)
- David T Levy
- Cancer Control, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA.
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Armfield JM, Spencer AJ, Roberts-Thomson KF, Plastow K. Water fluoridation and the association of sugar-sweetened beverage consumption and dental caries in Australian children. Am J Public Health 2013; 103:494-500. [PMID: 23327241 DOI: 10.2105/ajph.2012.300889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We examined demographic and socioeconomic differences in the consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs), its association with dental caries in children, and whether exposure to water fluoridation modifies this association. METHODS In a cross-sectional study, we used a stratified, clustered sampling design to obtain information on 16 508 children aged 5 to 16 years enrolled in Australian school dental services in 2002 to 2005. Dental staff assessed dental caries, and parents completed a questionnaire about their child's residential history, sources of drinking water, toothbrushing frequency, socioeconomic status (SES), and SSB consumption. RESULTS Children who brushed their teeth less often and were older, male, of low SES, from rural or remote areas consumed significantly more SSBs. Caries was significantly associated with greater SSB consumption after controlling for potential confounders. Finally, greater exposure to fluoridated water significantly reduced the association between children's SSB consumption and dental caries. CONCLUSIONS Consumption of SSBs should be considered a major risk factor for dental caries. However, increased exposure to fluoridated public water helped ameliorate the association between SSB consumption and dental decay. These results reconfirm the benefits of community water fluoridation for oral health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason M Armfield
- Australian Research Centre for Population Oral Health, School of Dentistry, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
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Malik VS, Hu FB. Sweeteners and Risk of Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes: The Role of Sugar-Sweetened Beverages. Curr Diab Rep 2012; 12:195-203. [PMID: 22289979 DOI: 10.1007/s11892-012-0259-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 186] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Temporal patterns over the past three to four decades have shown a close parallel between the rise in added sugar intake and the global obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D) epidemics. Sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs), which include the full spectrum of soft drinks, fruit drinks, energy and vitamin water drinks, are composed of naturally derived caloric sweeteners such as sucrose, high fructose corn syrup, or fruit juice concentrates. Collectively they are the largest contributor to added sugar intake in the US diet. Over the past 10 years a number of large observational studies have found positive associations between SSB consumption and long-term weight gain and development of T2D and related metabolic conditions. Experimental studies provide insight into potential biological mechanisms and illustrate that intake of SSBs increases T2D and cardiovascular risk factors. SSBs promote weight gain by incomplete compensation of liquid calories and contribute to increased risk of T2D not only through weight gain, but also independently through glycemic effects of consuming large amounts of rapidly absorbable sugars and metabolic effects of fructose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasanti S Malik
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, 665 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
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Levy DT, Friend KB, Wang YC. A review of the literature on policies directed at the youth consumption of sugar sweetened beverages. Adv Nutr 2011; 2:182S-200S. [PMID: 22332051 PMCID: PMC3065753 DOI: 10.3945/an.111.000356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Sugar sweetened beverages (SSB) constitute a large percentage of energy consumed by youth. This paper reviews the literature on school nutrition policies and price interventions directed at youth SSB consumption. In addition to considering the direct effect of policies on SSB consumption, we provide an overview of the literature on how SSB consumption affects total energy intake (TEI) and BMI, as well as on how TEI affects BMI. By considering each of these links, we attempted to gauge the effect of policies directed at SSB consumption, as well as highlight areas that merit future research. We found that school nutrition and price policies reduce SSB consumption and that reduced SSB consumption is associated with a reduction in energy intake that can influence BMI. Policies directed at SSB consumption can play an important role in reducing youth overweight and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- David T. Levy
- Pacific Institute, Calverton, MD 20705,Department of Economics, University of Baltimore, Baltimore MD 21201,To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail:
| | | | - Y. Claire Wang
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Columbia Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY 10027
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Ruxton CHS, Gardner EJ, McNulty HM. Is sugar consumption detrimental to health? A review of the evidence 1995-2006. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2010; 50:1-19. [PMID: 20047137 DOI: 10.1080/10408390802248569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Many countries set quantitative targets for added sugars, justifying this by expressing concern about the likely impact of sugar on weight control, dental health, diet quality, or metabolic syndrome. This review considers whether current intakes of sugar are harmful to health, and analyses recent literature using a systematic approach to collate, rank, and evaluate published studies from 1995-2006. Results from high quality obesity studies did not suggest a positive association between body mass index and sugar intake. Some studies, specifically on sweetened beverages, highlighted a potential concern in relation to obesity risk, although these were limited by important methodological issues. Diet adequacy appeared to be achieved across sugar intakes of 6 to 20% energy, depending on subject age. Studies on metabolic syndrome reported no adverse effects of sugar in the long-term, even at intakes of 40-50% energy. The evidence for colorectal cancer suggested an association with sugar, but this appeared to have been confounded by energy intake and glycemic load. There was no credible evidence linking sugar with attention-deficit, dementia, or depression. Regarding dental caries, combinations of sugar amount/frequency, fluoride exposure, and food adhesiveness were more reliable predictors of caries risk than the amount of sugar alone. Overall, the available evidence did not support a single quantitative sugar guideline covering all health issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- C H S Ruxton
- Nutrition Communications, Front Lebanon, Cupar KY15 4EA, UK.
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Verzeletti C, Maes L, Santinello M, Vereecken CA. Soft drink consumption in adolescence: associations with food-related lifestyles and family rules in Belgium Flanders and the Veneto Region of Italy. Eur J Public Health 2009; 20:312-7. [DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckp150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Roberts-Thomson K, Stewart JF. Risk indicators of caries experience among young adults. Aust Dent J 2008; 53:122-7; quiz 186. [PMID: 18494966 DOI: 10.1111/j.1834-7819.2008.00020.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Significant gains have been documented on the oral health of Australian children. However, the question remains as to whether improvements have extended to the oral health of young adults. This study aimed to determine the risk indicators associated with oral health status in young adults aged 20-25 years. METHODS A random sample of young adults was selected from the South Australian electoral roll. Telephone interviews were conducted for 1261 young adults. These provided socio-demographic, health behaviour and dental visiting data. Dental examinations were carried out on 644 subjects by three calibrated examiners in clinical settings. RESULTS The mean number of tooth surfaces affected by dental caries (DMFS) was 6.05 with the presence of untreated cavitated decayed surfaces (DS) evident in 28.6 per cent. In regression models the risk indicators associated with DS were being on government benefits, unemployed, usually visiting for a problem rather than a check, visiting a public clinic, drinking 5+ acidic drinks per day and being a current smoker. Risk indicators for higher DMFS scores were usually visiting for a problem, visiting a public clinic, being on government benefits and having made a dental visit in the previous 2 years. CONCLUSIONS Socio-demographic factors, dental visiting patterns and general health behaviours are risk indicators for caries in young adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Roberts-Thomson
- Australian Research Centre for Population Oral Health, School of Dentistry, The University of Adelaide, South Australia
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Vartanian LR, Schwartz MB, Brownell KD. Effects of soft drink consumption on nutrition and health: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J Public Health 2007; 97:667-75. [PMID: 17329656 PMCID: PMC1829363 DOI: 10.2105/ajph.2005.083782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1071] [Impact Index Per Article: 63.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
In a meta-analysis of 88 studies, we examined the association between soft drink consumption and nutrition and health outcomes. We found clear associations of soft drink intake with increased energy intake and body weight. Soft drink intake also was associated with lower intakes of milk, calcium, and other nutrients and with an increased risk of several medical problems (e.g., diabetes). Study design significantly influenced results: larger effect sizes were observed in studies with stronger methods (longitudinal and experimental vs cross-sectional studies). Several other factors also moderated effect sizes (e.g., gender, age, beverage type). Finally, studies funded by the food industry reported significantly smaller effects than did non-industry-funded studies. Recommendations to reduce population soft drink consumption are strongly supported by the available science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lenny R Vartanian
- Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, Conn 06520-8205, USA
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Malik VS, Schulze MB, Hu FB. Intake of sugar-sweetened beverages and weight gain: a systematic review. Am J Clin Nutr 2006. [DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/84.2.274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1583] [Impact Index Per Article: 87.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Vasanti S Malik
- From the Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA (VSM and FBH); the Department of Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany (MBS); and the Channing Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (FBH)
| | - Matthias B Schulze
- From the Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA (VSM and FBH); the Department of Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany (MBS); and the Channing Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (FBH)
| | - Frank B Hu
- From the Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA (VSM and FBH); the Department of Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany (MBS); and the Channing Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (FBH)
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Malik VS, Schulze MB, Hu FB. Intake of sugar-sweetened beverages and weight gain: a systematic review. Am J Clin Nutr 2006; 84:274-88. [PMID: 16895873 PMCID: PMC3210834 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/84.1.274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 752] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs), particularly carbonated soft drinks, may be a key contributor to the epidemic of overweight and obesity, by virtue of these beverages' high added sugar content, low satiety, and incomplete compensation for total energy. Whether an association exists between SSB intake and weight gain is unclear. We searched English-language MEDLINE publications from 1966 through May 2005 for cross-sectional, prospective cohort, and experimental studies of the relation between SSBs and the risk of weight gain (ie, overweight, obesity, or both). Thirty publications (15 cross-sectional, 10 prospective, and 5 experimental) were selected on the basis of relevance and quality of design and methods. Findings from large cross-sectional studies, in conjunction with those from well-powered prospective cohort studies with long periods of follow-up, show a positive association between greater intakes of SSBs and weight gain and obesity in both children and adults. Findings from short-term feeding trials in adults also support an induction of positive energy balance and weight gain by intake of sugar-sweetened sodas, but these trials are few. A school-based intervention found significantly less soft-drink consumption and prevalence of obese and overweight children in the intervention group than in control subjects after 12 mo, and a recent 25-week randomized controlled trial in adolescents found further evidence linking SSB intake to body weight. The weight of epidemiologic and experimental evidence indicates that a greater consumption of SSBs is associated with weight gain and obesity. Although more research is needed, sufficient evidence exists for public health strategies to discourage consumption of sugary drinks as part of a healthy lifestyle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasanti S Malik
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
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