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El-Gazzar NS. Tamarind genus chemical composition and biological activities. Nat Prod Res 2024:1-13. [PMID: 38454320 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2024.2323531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Tamarindus indica L., the sole species in the genus Tamarind, which is a member of the subfamily Caesalpiniaceae in the family Leguminosae (Fabaceae), is extensively dispersed in many tropical and subtropical regions. This plant's Arabic name, Tamr Al-Hindi, is the basis for its English name, Tamarind. In traditional medicine, this genus has played a major role since the time of the ancient Egyptians. Folkloric medicine has traditionally used Tamarind to treat a variety of conditions, including diabetes mellitus, fever, malaria, ulcers, diarrhoea, dysentery and wounds. The primary bioactive components of this species, which have a variety of biological functions, have been identified as flavonoids, phenolic contents, sterols, triterpenes, fatty acids, sugars and other substances. Genus Tamarind has been shown to have anti-inflammatory, analgesic, anti-pyretic, antibacterial, hypolipidemic, anti-diabetic, hepatoprotective, anti-ulcerogenic and antioxidant properties. This article provides an overview of the identified chemicals from T. indica together with their stated biological activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nahla S El-Gazzar
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
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Kiselova-Kaneva Y, Nashar M, Roussev B, Salim A, Hristova M, Olczyk P, Komosinska-Vassev K, Dincheva I, Badjakov I, Galunska B, Ivanova D. Sambucus ebulus (Elderberry) Fruits Modulate Inflammation and Complement System Activity in Humans. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24108714. [PMID: 37240060 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24108714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Sambucus ebulus (SE) fruits are used for immune stimulation and amelioration of gastrointestinal inflammatory conditions. Currently, there is no scientific evidence of their effects on various aspects of the immune response mechanisms in humans. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the immunomodulatory potential of SE fruit infusion intake in healthy humans. Anthocyanin content was determined with UPLC-ESI-MS/MS. Fifty-three volunteers enrolled in a 4-week SE infusion intake intervention. Blood count, serum total protein, Interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β), Interleukin 6 (IL-6), Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha (TNFα), High-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), C3, and C4 levels were measured on automatic analyzers, and Interleukin 8 (IL-8) was measured manually with an ELISA kit. Cyanidin-3-O-galactoside (48.15 mg/g DW), followed by cyaniding-3-sambubioside (43.41 ± 1.07 mg/g DW), were the most abundant anthocyanins in SE samples. A significant decrease in total protein (2.82%), IL-6 (20.15%), TNFα (5.38%), IL-8 (5.50%), C3 (4.16%), and C4 (14.29%) was established in the whole group. Total protein, IL-8, TNFα, and C4 decreased in women (3.11%, 4.76%, 5.09%, and 11.11%), and IL-6 decreased (40.61%) in men. Hb (1.20%) and hematocrit (1.55%) levels decreased in the whole group and in the women group (1.61% and 2.20%). SE fruits exert immune-modulatory activity as revealed by decreased pro-inflammatory status and complement activity markers in healthy volunteers after a 4-week intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoana Kiselova-Kaneva
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Medicine and Nutrigenomics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University "Prof. Dr. Paraskev Stoyanov", 9002 Varna, Bulgaria
| | - Milka Nashar
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Medicine and Nutrigenomics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University "Prof. Dr. Paraskev Stoyanov", 9002 Varna, Bulgaria
| | - Bogdan Roussev
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Medicine and Nutrigenomics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University "Prof. Dr. Paraskev Stoyanov", 9002 Varna, Bulgaria
| | - Ayshe Salim
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Medicine and Nutrigenomics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University "Prof. Dr. Paraskev Stoyanov", 9002 Varna, Bulgaria
| | - Minka Hristova
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University "Prof. Dr. Paraskev Stoyanov", 9002 Varna, Bulgaria
| | - Pawel Olczyk
- Department of Community Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 40-055 Katowice, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Komosinska-Vassev
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 40-055 Katowice, Poland
| | - Ivayla Dincheva
- AgroBioInstitute, Agricultural Academy, 8 Dragan Tsankov Blvd., 1164 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Ilian Badjakov
- AgroBioInstitute, Agricultural Academy, 8 Dragan Tsankov Blvd., 1164 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Bistra Galunska
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Medicine and Nutrigenomics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University "Prof. Dr. Paraskev Stoyanov", 9002 Varna, Bulgaria
| | - Diana Ivanova
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Medicine and Nutrigenomics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University "Prof. Dr. Paraskev Stoyanov", 9002 Varna, Bulgaria
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Hasan MN, Chand N, Naz S, Khan RU, Ayaşan T, Laudadio V, Tufarelli V. Mitigating heat stress in broilers by dietary dried tamarind (Tamarindus indica L.) pulp: Effect on growth and blood traits, oxidative status and immune response. Livest Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2022.105075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Elmaidomy AH, Abdelmohsen UR, Alsenani F, Aly HF, Eldin Shams SG, Younis EA, Ahmed KA, Sayed AM, Owis AI, Afifi N, El Amir D. The anti-Alzheimer potential of Tamarindus indica: an in vivo investigation supported by in vitro and in silico approaches. RSC Adv 2022; 12:11769-11785. [PMID: 35481086 PMCID: PMC9015909 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra01340a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Tamarindus indica Linn. (Tamarind, F. Fabaceae) is one of the most widely consumed fruits in the world. A crude extract and different fractions of T. indica (using n-hexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, and n-butanol) were evaluated in vitro with respect to their DPPH scavenging and AchE inhibition activities. The results showed that the dichloromethane and ethyl acetate fractions showed the highest antioxidant activities, with 84.78 and 86.96% DPPH scavenging at 0.10 μg mL-1. The n-hexane, dichloromethane, and ethyl acetate fractions inhibited AchE activity in a dose-dependent manner, and the n-hexane fraction showed the highest inhibition at 20 μg mL-1. The results were confirmed by using n-hexane, dichloromethane, and ethyl acetate fractions in vivo to regress the neurodegenerative features of Alzheimer's dementia in an aluminum-intoxicated rat model. Phytochemical investigations of those three fractions afforded two new diphenyl ether derivative compounds 1-2, along with five known ones (3-7). The structures of the isolated compounds were confirmed via 1D and 2D NMR and HRESIMS analyses. The isolated compounds were subjected to extensive in silico-based investigations to putatively highlight the most probable compounds responsible for the anti-Alzheimer activity of T. indica. Inverse docking studies followed by molecular dynamics simulation (MDS) and binding free energy (ΔG) investigations suggested that both compounds 1 and 2 could be promising AchE inhibitors. The results presented in this study may provide potential dietary supplements for the management of Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abeer H Elmaidomy
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University Beni-Suef 62514 Egypt
| | - Usama Ramadan Abdelmohsen
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University Minia 61519 Egypt
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Deraya University 7 Universities Zone New Minia 61111 Egypt
| | - Faisal Alsenani
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University Makkah 21955 Saudi Arabia
| | - Hanan F Aly
- Therapeutic Chemistry Department, National Research Centre (NRC) El-Bouth St. P.O. 12622 Cairo Egypt
| | - Shams Gamal Eldin Shams
- Therapeutic Chemistry Department, National Research Centre (NRC) El-Bouth St. P.O. 12622 Cairo Egypt
| | - Eman A Younis
- Therapeutic Chemistry Department, National Research Centre (NRC) El-Bouth St. P.O. 12622 Cairo Egypt
| | - Kawkab A Ahmed
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University Giza 12211 Egypt
| | - Ahmed M Sayed
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Nahda University Beni-Suef 62513 Egypt
| | - Asmaa I Owis
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University Beni-Suef 62514 Egypt
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Heliopolis University for Sustainable Development Cairo Egypt
| | - Naglaa Afifi
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University Beni-Suef 62514 Egypt
| | - Dalia El Amir
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University Beni-Suef 62514 Egypt
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Arshad MS, Imran M, Ahmed A, Sohaib M, Ullah A, Nisa MU, Hina G, Khalid W, Rehana H. Tamarind: A diet-based strategy against lifestyle maladies. Food Sci Nutr 2019; 7:3378-3390. [PMID: 31762991 PMCID: PMC6848808 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.1218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Revised: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The modern-day review article is an exquisite attempt to demonstrate the extreme therapeutic potential of tamarind fruit (Tamarindus indica), particularly its pulp, seed, and leaf extract, against lifestyle-related chronic disorders. The rapid transition in the diet patterns and also the varying lifestyle of the people has made its way forth, a momentous upsurge in a number of chronic as well as degenerative diseases. An excess of foods having functional and nutraceutical significance has come into view recently. These foods have emerged as effective therapeutical remedies against these disorders owing to their natural phytochemical constituents present in them, in abundance. Tamarindus indica serves as a proverbial herbal medicine in each and every part of the world that is known to mankind. Also, the tamarind kernel powder (TKP) is of immense commercial significance in some of the major, leading industries of the World. The derivation of an important gel-forming substance (polysaccharide), named as "jellose," from the decorticated seed kernels of tamarind fruit has led to the manufacture of pectin. It is used in industrial scale in the preparation of various products like jams, jellies, and most important in the preparation of cheese. It plays an evident role as a stabilizer of commercial significance, and it has also been greatly recommend by the scientists to be used as a potent ingredient in a range of pharmaceutical products. The leaves of tamarind plant are also used as part of the daily diet in several countries where they are readily consumed in fresh form and especially during drought season.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Muhammad Imran
- Department of Diet and Nutritional SciencesUniversity of LahoreLahorePakistan
| | - Aftab Ahmed
- Institute of Home and Food SciencesGovernment College UniversityFaisalabadPakistan
| | - Muhammad Sohaib
- Department of Food Science and Human NutritionUniversity of Veterinary and animal SciencesLahorePakistan
| | - Azmat Ullah
- Department of Food Science and Human NutritionUniversity of Veterinary and animal SciencesLahorePakistan
| | - Mehr un Nisa
- Institute of Home and Food SciencesGovernment College UniversityFaisalabadPakistan
| | - Gule Hina
- Institute of Home and Food SciencesGovernment College UniversityFaisalabadPakistan
| | - Waseem Khalid
- Institute of Home and Food SciencesGovernment College UniversityFaisalabadPakistan
| | - Hafiza Rehana
- Institute of Home and Food SciencesGovernment College UniversityFaisalabadPakistan
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Marchi LF, Paoliello-Paschoalato AB, Oliveira RDR, Azzolini AECS, Kabeya LM, Donadi EA, Lucisano-Valim YM. Activation status of peripheral blood neutrophils and the complement system in adult rheumatoid arthritis patients undergoing combined therapy with infliximab and methotrexate. Rheumatol Int 2018; 38:1043-1052. [PMID: 29464314 DOI: 10.1007/s00296-018-3997-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2017] [Accepted: 02/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
We examined the functional activity of peripheral blood neutrophils and the complement system activation status in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) undergoing infliximab/methotrexate combined therapy. We studied female RA patients under treatment with infliximab (3-5 mg/kg) and methotrexate (15-25 mg/week) who presented inactive (i-RA; n = 34, DAS-28 ≤ 2.6) or at least moderately active disease (a-RA; n = 29, DAS-28 > 3.2), and age-matched healthy women (n = 38). We measured the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation (chemiluminescence assay) and membrane expression of FcγRIIa/CD32, FcγRIIIb/CD16, CR1/CD35, and CR3/CD11b receptors (ELISA assay) in neutrophils. We also determined the hemolytic activity of the alternative and classical pathways of the complement system (spectrophotometry), serum levels of C5a and Bb (ELISA assay), and serum chemotactic activity (Boyden chamber). Compared with the control group, i-RA and a-RA patients exhibited: (1) increased neutrophil ROS production and membrane expression of FcγRIIa/CD32, FcγRIIIb/CD16, and CR1/CD35, indicating neutrophil activation; and (2) increased serum chemotactic activity and decreased activity of the alternative complement pathway, indicating systemic complement system activation. The levels of C-reactive protein in a-RA patients were augmented, compared with i-RA patients. Although infliximab/methotrexate combined therapy induced disease remission according to the DAS-28 criteria, both i-RA and a-RA patients still exhibited significant levels of systemic activation of neutrophils and the complement system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larissa F Marchi
- Department of Physics and Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Avenida do Café s/n, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14040-903, Brazil.
| | - Adriana B Paoliello-Paschoalato
- Department of Physics and Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Avenida do Café s/n, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14040-903, Brazil.,Department of Internal Medicine, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Avenida Bandeirantes 3900, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14049-900, Brazil
| | - Renê D R Oliveira
- Division of Rheumatology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Avenida Bandeirantes 3900, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14049-900, Brazil
| | - Ana Elisa C S Azzolini
- Department of Physics and Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Avenida do Café s/n, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14040-903, Brazil
| | - Luciana M Kabeya
- Department of Physics and Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Avenida do Café s/n, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14040-903, Brazil
| | - Eduardo A Donadi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Avenida Bandeirantes 3900, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14049-900, Brazil
| | - Yara Maria Lucisano-Valim
- Department of Physics and Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Avenida do Café s/n, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14040-903, Brazil
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Pereira PC, Pernomian L, Côco H, Gomes MS, Franco JJ, Marchi KC, Hipólito UV, Uyemura SA, Tirapelli CR, de Oliveira AM. Auto-inhibitory regulation of angiotensin II functionality in hamster aorta during the early phases of dyslipidemia. Eur J Pharmacol 2016; 781:1-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2016.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2015] [Revised: 03/31/2016] [Accepted: 04/07/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Natukunda S, Muyonga JH, Mukisa IM. Effect of tamarind (Tamarindus indica L.) seed on antioxidant activity, phytocompounds, physicochemical characteristics, and sensory acceptability of enriched cookies and mango juice. Food Sci Nutr 2015; 4:494-507. [PMID: 27386100 PMCID: PMC4930494 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2015] [Accepted: 10/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Tamarind seeds are not consumed despite their high antioxidative activity. In this study, 0-10% tamarind seed powder (TSP) was incorporated into mango juice and cookies. Total phenolics (Folin-Ciocalteu assay), antioxidant activity (2,2-diphenyl-1 picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging assay), flavonoid (aluminum chloride assay), condensed tannins content (Vanillin-HCl assay), and consumer acceptability (n = 50) of the products were determined. TSP increased the pH and viscosity and reduced titratable acidity of juice. Incorporation of TSP increased the: total phenolic content (6.84 ± 0.21 to 88.44 ± 0.8 mg GAE/100 mL); flavonoid (4.64 ± 0.03-21.7 ± 0.36 mg CE/100 mL); condensed tannins (0.24 ± 0.01-21.81 ± 0.08 mg CE/100 mL) and total antioxidant activity (4.65 ± 0.88-21.70 ± 0.03 mg VCE/100 mL) of juice. A similar trend was observed for cookies. Maximum sensorially acceptable TSP levels were 1.5% and 6%, respectively, for juice and cookies. TSP can thus be utilized as a source of natural antioxidants in food products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheilla Natukunda
- School of Food Technology, Nutrition & Bioengineering Makerere University P.O. Box 7062 Kampala Uganda
| | - John H Muyonga
- School of Food Technology, Nutrition & Bioengineering Makerere University P.O. Box 7062 Kampala Uganda
| | - Ivan M Mukisa
- School of Food Technology, Nutrition & Bioengineering Makerere University P.O. Box 7062 Kampala Uganda
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Wong JPC, Wijaya S, Ting KN, Wiart C, Mustafa K, Shipton F, Khoo TJ. Crude Ethanol Extract of Pithecellobium ellipticum as a Potential Lipid-Lowering Treatment for Hypercholesterolaemia. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2014; 2014:492703. [PMID: 24839451 PMCID: PMC4009285 DOI: 10.1155/2014/492703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2013] [Revised: 10/23/2013] [Accepted: 10/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
If left untreated, hypercholesterolaemia can lead to atherosclerosis, given time. Plants from the Fabaceae family have shown the ability to significantly suppress atherosclerosis progression. We selected four extracts from Pithecellobium ellipticum, from the Fabaceae family, to be screened in a 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HMG-CoA reductase) assay. The ethanol extract, at a concentration of 500 μ g/mL, exhibited superior inhibition properties over the other extracts by demonstrating 80.9% inhibition, while 0.223 μ g/mL of pravastatin (control) showed 78.1% inhibition towards enzymatic activity. These findings led to the fractionation of the ethanol extract using ethyl acetate : methanol (95 : 5), gradually increasing polarity and produced seven fractions (1A to 7A). Fraction 7A at 150 μ g/mL emerged as being the most promising bioactive fraction with 78.7% inhibition. FRAP, beta carotene, and DPPH assays supported the findings from the ethanol extract as it exhibited good overall antioxidant activity. The antioxidant properties have been said to reduce free radicals that are able to oxidize lipoproteins which are the cause of atherosclerosis. Phytochemical screenings revealed the presence of terpenoid, steroid, flavonoid, and phenolic compounds as the responsible group of compound(s), working individually or synergistically, within the extract to prevent binding of HMG-CoA to HMG-CoA reductase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janet P.-C. Wong
- Center for Natural and Medicinal Products Research, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, University of Nottingham, Malaysia Campus, Jalan Broga, 43500 Semenyih, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Sumi Wijaya
- Center for Natural and Medicinal Products Research, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, University of Nottingham, Malaysia Campus, Jalan Broga, 43500 Semenyih, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Kang-Nee Ting
- School of Biomedical, Faculty of Science, University of Nottingham, Malaysia Campus, Jalan Broga, 43500 Semenyih, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Christophe Wiart
- Center for Natural and Medicinal Products Research, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, University of Nottingham, Malaysia Campus, Jalan Broga, 43500 Semenyih, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Kamarul'Ain Mustafa
- Faculty of Chemistry, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Jalan Sultan Mahmud, 20400 Kuala Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Fiona Shipton
- Center for Natural and Medicinal Products Research, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, University of Nottingham, Malaysia Campus, Jalan Broga, 43500 Semenyih, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Teng-Jin Khoo
- Center for Natural and Medicinal Products Research, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, University of Nottingham, Malaysia Campus, Jalan Broga, 43500 Semenyih, Selangor, Malaysia
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Díaz-GonzáLez M, Rocasalbas G, Francesko A, Touriño S, Torres JL, Tzanov T. Inhibition of deleterious chronic wound enzymes with plant polyphenols. BIOCATAL BIOTRANSFOR 2012. [DOI: 10.3109/10242422.2012.646676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Bhadoriya SS, Ganeshpurkar A, Narwaria J, Rai G, Jain AP. Tamarindus indica: Extent of explored potential. Pharmacogn Rev 2011; 5:73-81. [PMID: 22096321 PMCID: PMC3210002 DOI: 10.4103/0973-7847.79102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2010] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Tamarindus is a monotypic genus and belongs to the subfamily Caesalpinioideae of the family Leguminosae (Fabaceae), Tamarindus indica L., commonly known as Tamarind tree is one of the most important multipurpose tropical fruit tree species in the Indian subcontinent. Tamarind fruit was at first thought to be produced by an Indian palm, as the name Tamarind comes from a Persian word “Tamar-I-hind,” meaning date of India. Its name “Amlika” in Sanskrit indicates its ancient presence in the country. T.indica is used as traditional medicine in India, Africa, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Nigeria,and most of the tropical countries. It is used traditionally in abdominal pain, diarrhea and dysentery, helminthes infections, wound healing, malaria and fever, constipation, inflammation, cell cytotoxicity, gonorrhea, and eye diseases. It has numerous chemical values and is rich in phytochemicals, and hence the plant is reported to possess antidiabetic activity, antimicrobial activity, antivenomic activity, antioxidant activity, antimalarial activity, hepatoprotective activity, antiasthmatic activity, laxative activity, and anti-hyperlipidemic activity. Every part of the plant from root to leaf tips is useful for human needs. Thus the aim of the present review is to describe its morphology, and explore the phytochemical constituents, commercial utilization of the parts of the plant, and medicinal and pharmacologic activities so that T. indica's potential as multipurpose tree species can be understood.
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Razali N, Aziz AA, Junit SM. Gene expression profiles in human HepG2 cells treated with extracts of the Tamarindus indica fruit pulp. GENES AND NUTRITION 2010; 5:331-41. [PMID: 21189869 PMCID: PMC2988991 DOI: 10.1007/s12263-010-0187-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2010] [Accepted: 09/29/2010] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Tamarindus indicaL. (T. indica) or locally known as asam jawa belongs to the family of Leguminosae. The fruit pulp had been reported to have antioxidant activities and possess hypolipidaemic effects. In this study, we attempted to investigate the gene expression patterns in human hepatoma HepG2 cell line in response to treatment with low concentration of the fruit pulp extracts. Microarray analysis using Affymetrix Human Genome 1.0 S.T arrays was used in the study. Microarray data were validated using semi-quantitative RT-PCR and real-time RT-PCR. Amongst the significantly up-regulated genes were those that code for the metallothioneins (MT1M, MT1F, MT1X) and glutathione S-transferases (GSTA1, GSTA2, GST02) that are involved in stress response. APOA4, APOA5, ABCG5 and MTTP genes were also significantly regulated that could be linked to hypolipidaemic activities of the T. indica fruit pulp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nurhanani Razali
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Paula FS, Kabeya LM, Kanashiro A, de Figueiredo AS, Azzolini AEC, Uyemura SA, Lucisano-Valim YM. Modulation of human neutrophil oxidative metabolism and degranulation by extract of Tamarindus indica L. fruit pulp. Food Chem Toxicol 2009; 47:163-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2008.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2008] [Revised: 10/08/2008] [Accepted: 10/26/2008] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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