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Orlińska K, Ramos P, Komosińska-Vassev K, Olczyk K, Stojko J, Rzepecka-Stojko A, Kiselova-Kaneva Y, Ivanova D, Olczyk P, Pilawa B. Application of electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy to examine free radicals formed in indapamide and torasemide storage under UV irradiation and at the higher temperatures which appear under light exposition. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2024; 242:116057. [PMID: 38422674 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2024.116057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Free radical formation in two diuretics: indapamide and torasemide was examined during UV irradiation and storage at higher temperatures using X-band (9.3 GHz) electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy (EPR). The aim of this study was to investigate the possibility of storing indapamide and torasemide under UV irradiation and at higher temperatures, which may occur during exposure to light. The diuretic samples were exposed to UVA irradiation for 15, 30 and 45 minutes, and stored at temperatures of 40 °C and 50 °C by 30 minutes. The EPR spectra were analyzed to determine the amplitudes (A), linewidths (ΔBpp), and integral intensities (I) and g factors. The concentrations of free radical (N) in the diuretic samples were also determined. The influence of microwave power on amplitudes, linewidths and the asymmetry parameter were evaluated. The result showed that the tested indapamide and torasemide samples exhibited high free radical concentrations in the range of 1018-1019 spin/g after UV irradiation and heat treatment. Therefore, due to the significant free radical formation indapamide and torasemide should not be stored under UV light and at temperatures of 40 °C and 50 °C. The complex character of free radical systems in the diuretic samples was proved as evidenced by the changes of the asymmetry parameters of the EPR lines with increasing microwave power. Fast spin-lattice relaxation processes were observed in all tested diuretic samples, regardless of the storage conditions. Electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy is proposed as a useful method in pharmacy to determine the appropriate storage conditions for diuretics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kinga Orlińska
- Department of Community Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Kasztanowa 3, Sosnowiec 41-205, Poland.
| | - Paweł Ramos
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Jedności 8, Sosnowiec 41-200, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Komosińska-Vassev
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Jedności 8, Sosnowiec 41-200, Poland
| | - Krystyna Olczyk
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Jedności 8, Sosnowiec 41-200, Poland
| | - Jerzy Stojko
- Department of Toxicology and Bioanalysis, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Ostrogórska 30, Sosnowiec 41-200, Poland
| | - Anna Rzepecka-Stojko
- Department of Drug and Cosmetics Technology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, Jedności 8, Sosnowiec 41-200, Poland
| | - Yoana Kiselova-Kaneva
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Medicine and Nutrigenomics, The Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Varna, Professor Marin Drinov 55, Varna 9002, Bulgaria
| | - Diana Ivanova
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Medicine and Nutrigenomics, The Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Varna, Professor Marin Drinov 55, Varna 9002, Bulgaria
| | - Paweł Olczyk
- Department of Community Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Kasztanowa 3, Sosnowiec 41-205, Poland
| | - Barbara Pilawa
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Jedności 8, Sosnowiec 41-200, Poland
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Ivanova D, Büchs M. Barriers and enablers around radical sharing. Lancet Planet Health 2023; 7:e784-e792. [PMID: 37673549 DOI: 10.1016/s2542-5196(23)00168-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
Multiple social and ecological crises are currently unfolding, the tackling of which requires a thorough understanding of their interlinkages and root causes. More sharing of essential resources while increasing access to valuable goods and services, especially for the most vulnerable in society, has been proposed as an effective strategy to reduce environmental and social damage. However, a more reflective approach to sharing is needed to make sure that it does not worsen some of the issues that it aims to address. In this Personal View, we outline the principles of radical sharing, which highlight the salience of environmental limits, access to essential goods and services, and non-exploitative relationships. Furthermore, we discuss key enablers and barriers to radical sharing and a more successful integration into sharing practices that prioritise needs satisfaction for all within planetary boundaries. Critical perspectives on the sharing economy need to account for the role of power, politics, capitalism, and citizenship alongside the more widely discussed issues around exploitation, discrimination, and greenwashing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Ivanova
- School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK.
| | - Milena Büchs
- School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
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Radanova M, Mihaylova G, Stoyanov GS, Draganova V, Zlatarov A, Kolev N, Dimitrova E, Conev N, Ivanova D. KRAS Mutation Status in Bulgarian Patients with Advanced and Metastatic Colorectal Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12753. [PMID: 37628934 PMCID: PMC10454445 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241612753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
RAS somatic variants are predictors of resistance to anti-EGFR therapy for colorectal cancer (CRC) and affect the outcome of the disease. Our study aimed to evaluate the frequency of RAS, with a focus on KRAS variants, and their association with tumor location and some clinicopathological characteristics in Bulgarian CRC patients. We prospectively investigated 236 patients with advanced and metastatic CRC. Genomic DNA was extracted from FFPE tumor tissue samples, and commercially available kits were used to detect RAS gene somatic mutations via real-time PCR. A total of 115 (48.73%) patients tested positive for RAS mutations, with 106 (44.92%) testing positive for KRAS mutations. The most common mutation in exon 2 was c.35G>T p.Gly12Val (32.56%). We did not find a significant difference in KRAS mutation frequency according to tumor location. However, patients with a mutation in exon 4 of KRAS were 3.23 times more likely to have a tumor in the rectum than in other locations (95% CI: 1.19-8.72, p = 0.021). Studying the link between tumor location and KRAS mutations in exon 4 is crucial for better characterizing CRC patients. Further research with larger cohorts, especially in rectal cancer patients, could provide valuable insights for patient follow-up and treatment selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Radanova
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Medicine and Nutrigenomics, Medical University of Varna, 9000 Varna, Bulgaria; (G.M.); (D.I.)
| | - Galya Mihaylova
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Medicine and Nutrigenomics, Medical University of Varna, 9000 Varna, Bulgaria; (G.M.); (D.I.)
| | - George St. Stoyanov
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Complex Oncology Center—Shumen, 9700 Shumen, Bulgaria;
- Department of Surgery Diseases, Medical University of Varna, 9000 Varna, Bulgaria;
| | - Vyara Draganova
- Department of Surgery Diseases, Medical University of Varna, 9000 Varna, Bulgaria;
- Second Clinic of Surgery, UMHAT “St. Marina”, 9000 Varna, Bulgaria
| | - Aleksandar Zlatarov
- Department of General and Operative Surgery, Medical University of Varna, 9000 Varna, Bulgaria; (A.Z.); (N.K.)
- First Clinic of Surgery, UMHAT “St. Marina”, 9000 Varna, Bulgaria
| | - Nikola Kolev
- Department of General and Operative Surgery, Medical University of Varna, 9000 Varna, Bulgaria; (A.Z.); (N.K.)
- First Clinic of Surgery, UMHAT “St. Marina”, 9000 Varna, Bulgaria
| | - Eleonora Dimitrova
- Department of Oncology, Medical University of Varna, 9000 Varna, Bulgaria; (E.D.); (N.C.)
- Clinic of Medical Oncology, UMHAT “St. Marina”, 9000 Varna, Bulgaria
| | - Nikolay Conev
- Department of Oncology, Medical University of Varna, 9000 Varna, Bulgaria; (E.D.); (N.C.)
- Clinic of Medical Oncology, UMHAT “St. Marina”, 9000 Varna, Bulgaria
| | - Diana Ivanova
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Medicine and Nutrigenomics, Medical University of Varna, 9000 Varna, Bulgaria; (G.M.); (D.I.)
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Kiselova-Kaneva Y, Nashar M, Roussev B, Salim A, Hristova M, Olczyk P, Komosinska-Vassev K, Dincheva I, Badjakov I, Galunska B, Ivanova D. Sambucus ebulus (Elderberry) Fruits Modulate Inflammation and Complement System Activity in Humans. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24108714. [PMID: 37240060 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24108714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Sambucus ebulus (SE) fruits are used for immune stimulation and amelioration of gastrointestinal inflammatory conditions. Currently, there is no scientific evidence of their effects on various aspects of the immune response mechanisms in humans. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the immunomodulatory potential of SE fruit infusion intake in healthy humans. Anthocyanin content was determined with UPLC-ESI-MS/MS. Fifty-three volunteers enrolled in a 4-week SE infusion intake intervention. Blood count, serum total protein, Interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β), Interleukin 6 (IL-6), Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha (TNFα), High-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), C3, and C4 levels were measured on automatic analyzers, and Interleukin 8 (IL-8) was measured manually with an ELISA kit. Cyanidin-3-O-galactoside (48.15 mg/g DW), followed by cyaniding-3-sambubioside (43.41 ± 1.07 mg/g DW), were the most abundant anthocyanins in SE samples. A significant decrease in total protein (2.82%), IL-6 (20.15%), TNFα (5.38%), IL-8 (5.50%), C3 (4.16%), and C4 (14.29%) was established in the whole group. Total protein, IL-8, TNFα, and C4 decreased in women (3.11%, 4.76%, 5.09%, and 11.11%), and IL-6 decreased (40.61%) in men. Hb (1.20%) and hematocrit (1.55%) levels decreased in the whole group and in the women group (1.61% and 2.20%). SE fruits exert immune-modulatory activity as revealed by decreased pro-inflammatory status and complement activity markers in healthy volunteers after a 4-week intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoana Kiselova-Kaneva
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Medicine and Nutrigenomics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University "Prof. Dr. Paraskev Stoyanov", 9002 Varna, Bulgaria
| | - Milka Nashar
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Medicine and Nutrigenomics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University "Prof. Dr. Paraskev Stoyanov", 9002 Varna, Bulgaria
| | - Bogdan Roussev
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Medicine and Nutrigenomics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University "Prof. Dr. Paraskev Stoyanov", 9002 Varna, Bulgaria
| | - Ayshe Salim
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Medicine and Nutrigenomics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University "Prof. Dr. Paraskev Stoyanov", 9002 Varna, Bulgaria
| | - Minka Hristova
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University "Prof. Dr. Paraskev Stoyanov", 9002 Varna, Bulgaria
| | - Pawel Olczyk
- Department of Community Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 40-055 Katowice, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Komosinska-Vassev
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 40-055 Katowice, Poland
| | - Ivayla Dincheva
- AgroBioInstitute, Agricultural Academy, 8 Dragan Tsankov Blvd., 1164 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Ilian Badjakov
- AgroBioInstitute, Agricultural Academy, 8 Dragan Tsankov Blvd., 1164 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Bistra Galunska
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Medicine and Nutrigenomics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University "Prof. Dr. Paraskev Stoyanov", 9002 Varna, Bulgaria
| | - Diana Ivanova
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Medicine and Nutrigenomics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University "Prof. Dr. Paraskev Stoyanov", 9002 Varna, Bulgaria
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Ivanova D, Nedialkov P, Tashev A, Kokanova-Nedialkova Z, Olech M, Nowak R, Boyadzhieva S, Angelov G, Yankov D. Anticancer Podophyllotoxin Recovery from Juniper Leaves at Atmospheric and High Pressure Using Eco-Friendly Solvents. Plants (Basel) 2023; 12:1526. [PMID: 37050153 PMCID: PMC10096874 DOI: 10.3390/plants12071526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Podophyllotoxin (PPT) is a precursor for the synthesis of drugs against cancer and other diseases. The present sources of PPT (Sinopodophyllum hexandrum and Podophyllum peltatum) are endangered species, with PPT production highly dependent on their growing conditions. In connection with the identification of new sources of PPT, the present study aimed to recover PPT from Juniperus virginiana leaves via atmospheric or high pressure extraction methods with a focus on using eco-friendly solvents. PPT quantification was determined by UHPLC/HRMS/MS. A thorough study of conventional extraction was carried out to reveal the optimal conditions (solvent ethyl acetate at room temperature and a duration of 1 h) for maximizing the PPT recovery (about 30 mg/g of dry extract and 3 mg/g of dry initial plant material). Peleg's equation was applied for process kinetics modeling. The best PPT content in the final dry extract (42-45 mg/g of dry extract) was obtained by high pressure methods under supercritical (scCO2 with ethanol or ethyl acetate, 30 MPa, 50 °C and 100 min) or accelerated solvent extraction conditions (solvent ethyl acetate, 10.35 MPa, 20 °C and 3 cycles for 15 min). Seasonal stability and storage stability of the raw material were also determined. The present results have potential applications in the pharmacy for the delivery of PPT from juniper leaves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Ivanova
- Institute of Chemical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Paraskev Nedialkov
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University, 1000 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Alexander Tashev
- Department of Dendrology, University of Forestry, 1756 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | | | - Marta Olech
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, 20-059 Lublin, Poland
| | - Renata Nowak
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, 20-059 Lublin, Poland
| | | | - George Angelov
- Institute of Chemical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Dragomir Yankov
- Institute of Chemical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
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Vankova D, Kiselova-Kaneva Y, Ivanova D. Uric acid effects on glutathione metabolism estimated by induction of glutamate-cysteine ligase, glutathione reductase and glutathione synthetase in mouse J744A.1 macrophage cell line. Folia Med (Plovdiv) 2022; 64:762-769. [PMID: 36876528 DOI: 10.3897/folmed.64.e65507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Elevated plasma levels of uric acid (UA) are considered an independent risk factor for hypertension, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, endothelial and vascular damage, obesity, and metabolic syndrome. Even physiological concentrations of soluble UA have been proved to induce gene expression of macrophage-secreted inflammatory cytokines and stimulate production of reactive oxygen species in mature adipocytes. UA is also described as a powerful endogenous plasma antioxidant, which reveals a paradox of duality for this parameter.
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Sokrateva T, Tasinov O, Stoeva S, Ivanova D, Nazifova-Tasinova N, Nashar M. CARIES ASSOCIATED WITH RESTORATIONS IN PRIMARY MOLARS –AN 18-MONTHS FOLLOW-UP STUDY. JofIMAB 2022. [DOI: 10.5272/jimab.2022283.4541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: According to the scientific literature, sulfur contained in various foods and medicines is almost completely absorbed in the gastrointestinal tract. However, the role of sulfur containing mineral waters as a dietary source of sulfur still remains unrevealed. The focus of this study was the effect of sulfurous mineral water from two public fountains on the territory of Varna town on the expression rates of enzymes involved in the processes of sulfonation in human intestinal cells. Methods: Human intestinal epithelial cells were incubated with different percentage content of sulfurous mineral water in the growth medium. Cell viability was measured by the MTT test, and three concentrations of mineral water were chosen for gene expression analyses. The cells were treated with water samples with different residence times after filling: 24 hours, 3 and 7 days. Messenger RNA levels of two sulfotransferases isoforms (SULT1A1 and SULT1A3) and 3′-phosphoadenosine-5′-phosphosulfate synthase 1 (PAPSS1) were measured. Results: Significantly increased mRNA levels of both sulfotransferases were measured in cells treated with 24-hours samples from the two fountains. This stimulatory effect was dependent on the percentage content of mineral water in the culture medium. Despite the stimulated expression of sulfotransferases, higher volume concentrations of 24-hour samples of mineral water significantly inhibited the gene expression of PAPSS1. It could be suggested that the H2S, as a major active compound in the mineral water, has the potential to modulate the gene expression of the investigated enzymes. Conclusion: Sulfurous mineral water should be considered an important dietary source of sulfur. We believe that the presented results would be of interest to society and health professionals.
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Dimaras P, Tasinov O, Ivanova D, Kiselova-Kaneva Y, Stefanova N, Tzaneva M, Ivanova D. Improving gene expression analysis efficacy from formalin-fixed paraffin embedded tissues. Folia Med (Plovdiv) 2022; 64:602-608. [PMID: 36045457 DOI: 10.3897/folmed.64.e63599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Improving RNA isolation and cDNA synthesis techniques has emerged due to advancements in the knowledge of molecular basis of most diseases. This in turn increased the need of higher quantity and quality of the extracted genetic material to be used for a variety of diagnostic tests and experiments. AIM The aim of the study was to compare three modified methods for RNA extraction from formalin-fixed paraffin embedded (FFPE) biopsied tissue and different cDNA synthesis strategies to facilitate study of gene expression. MATERIALS AND METHODS Compared RNA extraction methods were: lysis buffer, phenol-based extraction, and combination of both with concomitant use of silica-based spin columns. RNA quantity and purity were estimated spectrophotometrically. Different priming strategies for cDNA synthesis were applied: oligo dT, combination of oligo dT and random hexamer, and gene specific primer. Two-step RT-qPCR of ribosomal protein L37A on preamplified and non-preamplified cDNA templates was performed. RESULTS The combination of lysis buffer with phenol based extraction gave higher RNA yield. By doing cDNA preamplification, the confidence of detection by qPCR was raised, and efficiency was improved. The preamplified template increased the sensitivity of analysis. CONCLUSIONS Together, the combination of approaches improved substantially the reproducibility and validity of quantitative gene expression analyses from FFPE tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Oskan Tasinov
- Prof. Dr P. Stoyanov Medical University, Varna, Bulgaria
| | | | | | | | - Maria Tzaneva
- Prof. Dr P. Stoyanov Medical University, Varna, Bulgaria
| | - Diana Ivanova
- Prof. Dr P. Stoyanov Medical University, Varna, Bulgaria
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Fiamoncini J, Donado-Pestana CM, Duarte GBS, Rundle M, Thomas EL, Kiselova-Kaneva Y, Gundersen TE, Bunzel D, Trezzi JP, Kulling SE, Hiller K, Sonntag D, Ivanova D, Brennan L, Wopereis S, van Ommen B, Frost G, Bell J, Drevon CA, Daniel H. Plasma Metabolic Signatures of Healthy Overweight Subjects Challenged With an Oral Glucose Tolerance Test. Front Nutr 2022; 9:898782. [PMID: 35774538 PMCID: PMC9237474 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.898782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Insulin secretion following ingestion of a carbohydrate load affects a multitude of metabolic pathways that simultaneously change direction and quantity of interorgan fluxes of sugars, lipids and amino acids. In the present study, we aimed at identifying markers associated with differential responses to an OGTT a population of healthy adults. By use of three metabolite profiling platforms, we assessed these postprandial responses of a total of 202 metabolites in plasma of 72 healthy volunteers undergoing comprehensive phenotyping and of which half enrolled into a weight-loss program over a three-month period. A standard oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) served as dietary challenge test to identify changes in postprandial metabolite profiles. Despite classified as healthy according to WHO criteria, two discrete clusters (A and B) were identified based on the postprandial glucose profiles with a balanced distribution of volunteers based on gender and other measures. Cluster A individuals displayed 26% higher postprandial glucose levels, delayed glucose clearance and increased fasting plasma concentrations of more than 20 known biomarkers of insulin resistance and diabetes previously identified in large cohort studies. The volunteers identified by canonical postprandial responses that form cluster A may be called pre-pre-diabetics and defined as “at risk” for development of insulin resistance. Moreover, postprandial changes in selected fatty acids and complex lipids, bile acids, amino acids, acylcarnitines and sugars like mannose revealed marked differences in the responses seen in cluster A and cluster B individuals that sustained over the entire challenge test period of 240 min. Almost all metabolites, including glucose and insulin, returned to baseline values at the end of the test (at 240 min), except a variety of amino acids and here those that have been linked to diabetes development. Analysis of the corresponding metabolite profile in a fasting blood sample may therefore allow for early identification of these subjects at risk for insulin resistance without the need to undergo an OGTT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jarlei Fiamoncini
- Department Food and Nutrition, Technische Universität München, Freising, Germany
- Food Research Center, Department of Food Science and Experimental Nutrition, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carlos M. Donado-Pestana
- Food Research Center, Department of Food Science and Experimental Nutrition, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Graziela Biude Silva Duarte
- Food Research Center, Department of Food Science and Experimental Nutrition, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Milena Rundle
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Elizabeth Louise Thomas
- Research Centre for Optimal Health, School of Life Sciences, University of Westminster, London, United Kingdom
| | - Yoana Kiselova-Kaneva
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Medicine and Nutrigenomics, Medical University, Varna, Bulgaria
| | | | - Diana Bunzel
- Department of Safety and Quality of Fruit and Vegetables, Federal Research Institute of Nutrition and Food, Max Rubner-Institut, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Jean-Pierre Trezzi
- Braunschweig Integrated Centre of Systems Biology, University of Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
- Department of Computational Biology of Infection Research, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Sabine E. Kulling
- Department of Safety and Quality of Fruit and Vegetables, Federal Research Institute of Nutrition and Food, Max Rubner-Institut, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Karsten Hiller
- Braunschweig Integrated Centre of Systems Biology, University of Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
- Department of Computational Biology of Infection Research, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | | | - Diana Ivanova
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Medicine and Nutrigenomics, Medical University, Varna, Bulgaria
| | - Lorraine Brennan
- UCD School of Agriculture and Food Science, Institute of Food and Health, Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Suzan Wopereis
- Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research, Netherlands Institute for Applied Scientific Research, Microbiology and Systems Biology, Zeist, Netherlands
| | - Ben van Ommen
- Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research, Netherlands Institute for Applied Scientific Research, Microbiology and Systems Biology, Zeist, Netherlands
| | - Gary Frost
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jimmy Bell
- Research Centre for Optimal Health, School of Life Sciences, University of Westminster, London, United Kingdom
| | - Christian A. Drevon
- Vitas Ltd., Oslo Science Park, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Hannelore Daniel
- Department Food and Nutrition, Technische Universität München, Freising, Germany
- *Correspondence: Hannelore Daniel
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Chudnova T, Baryakh E, Polyakov Y, Tolstykh T, Kochneva O, Ivanova D, Misyurina E, Yatskov K, Zhelnova E, Litvinenko M, Kaluzhskaya K. P1574: ANTINEOPLASTIC THERAPY FOR HEMATOLOGIC MALIGNANCIES DURING COVID-19. Hemasphere 2022. [PMCID: PMC9430065 DOI: 10.1097/01.hs9.0000849152.57153.a6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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Waluga-Kozlowska E, Kuznik-Trocha K, Komosinska-Vassev K, Olczyk P, Jura-Poltorak A, Winsz-Szczotka K, Telega A, Ivanova D, Strzoda W, Zimmermann A, Janik M, Olczyk K, Waluga M. Progranulin and chemerin plasma level in obese patients with type 2 diabetes treated with a long-acting insulin analogue and premixed insulin analogue. J Physiol Pharmacol 2022; 72. [PMID: 35377341 DOI: 10.26402/jpp.2021.6.07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes, referred to as the first non-infectious epidemic, covers a heterogenous group of metabolic diseases marked by hyperglycemia resulting from a defect of insulin secretion and/or insulin resistance. Highly endocrine active adipocytes, particularly those located in white adipose tissue, constitute a source of cytokines, growth factors and complement component as well as adipocytokines including chemerin and progranulin could be the key molecules in the pathomechanism of hypertension, dyslipidemia, metabolic disorders or diabetes type 2. In this study, it was decided to verify the existence of possible relationships between the plasma concentration of progranulin and chemerin and the values of intermediate indices of insulin sensitivity and insulin resistance in patients, both before and after the 6-month insulin therapy by long-acting insulin analogue and premixed insulin analogue. The level of laboratory parameters in blood plasma collected from the control group and from obese individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus was estimated with the test kits using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA): the test of Mediagnost E103 GmbH GmbH, Reutlingen, Germany for progranulin; the test of BioVendor R&D, Brno, Czech Republic for chemerin. The aim of this study was to assess the progranulin and chemerin plasma level in obese individuals with type 2 diabetes, before and after 6 months of pharmacological treatment with a long-acting analogue human insulin or premixed insulin. In the blood plasma of untreated diabetics - in contrary to progranulin plasma concentration in diabetic patients after management implementation - progranulin was found to occur in a significantly higher concentration in relation to the level of this protein in the blood plasma of control group individuals. Despite the fact that 6-month therapy, both with the insulin mixture and with the long-acting analogue in people with diabetes, does not significantly affect the plasma chemerin concentration, the high, negative correlation between the progranulin and chemerin levels in the blood of individuals of the control group, and a positive one between the levels of progranulin and chemerin in people with diabetes before and after treatment was found. The conducted studies indicated the modified, in the course of diabetes type 2, mutual quantitative relations between progranulin and chemerin - the biological mediators of systemic metabolism, reflecting their active participation in the pathogenetic changes underlying type 2 diabetes. The obtained study results indicate a modification of mutual relationships of the adipocytokines assessed in the paper - progranulin and chemerin, associated with the development of the systemic inflammatory response occurring in the course of obesity which, by inducing insulin resistance, may consequently lead to type 2 diabetes. Taking into consideration the fact that the plasma progranulin and chemerin concentrations in obese patients with type 2 diabetes subjected to pharmacotherapy have not been assessed so far, it is possible that the obtained study results may cast light on the potential influence of the applied treatment on the systemic changes of the both adipocytokines involved in the pathomechanism of the mentioned disorder and thus create the possibility of implementing new therapeutic strategies in the management of patients with diabetes, which is an increasingly common, fast-spreading metabolic disease considered as a non-infectious epidemic of the 21st century.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Waluga-Kozlowska
- Department of Community Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland.
| | - K Kuznik-Trocha
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - K Komosinska-Vassev
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - P Olczyk
- Department of Community Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - A Jura-Poltorak
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - K Winsz-Szczotka
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - A Telega
- The Diabetes Outpatient Clinic, Non-Public Health Care Unit, Jaworzno, Poland
| | - D Ivanova
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Medicine and Nutrigenomics, The Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University Varna, Varna, Bulgaria
| | - W Strzoda
- Student Research Club at the Department of Community Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - A Zimmermann
- Department of Medical and Pharmaceutical Law, Faculty of Health Sciences with Institute of Maritime and Tropical Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - M Janik
- Department of Biomedical Computer Systems, University of Silesia, Faculty of Computer Science and Materials Science, Institute of Computer Science, Sosnowiec, Poland
| | - K Olczyk
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - M Waluga
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Katowice, Poland
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Jura-Półtorak A, Olczyk P, Chałas-Lipka A, Komosińska-Vassev K, Kuźnik-Trocha K, Winsz-Szczotka K, Ivanova D, Kiselova-Kaneva Y, Krysik K, Telega A, Olczyk K. Urinary sulphated glycosaminoglycans excretion in obese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus treated with metformin. Arch Physiol Biochem 2022; 128:507-513. [PMID: 31815550 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2019.1697889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The pattern of urinary excretion of total sulphated glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) and their particular types: chondroitin sulphate/dermatan sulphate (CS/DS) and heparan sulphate (HS) was analysed in obese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) treated with metformin in monotherapy for the period of six months. METHODS The urinary sulphated glycosaminoglycans were quantitated using standardised dye (1.9-dimethylmethylene blue)-binding method and normalised to creatinine level. RESULTS Urinary total GAGs, CS/DS and HS levels were significantly higher in untreated diabetic patients in comparison to healthy subjects. Moreover, it was observed that urinary total GAGs, CS/DS and HS levels in diabetic patients after six-month metformin therapy were significantly decreased versus pre-treatment situation. CONCLUSIONS The obtained results suggest that the six-month treatment with metformin in obese patients with T2DM has a regulating influence on the systemic changes in proteoglycans/glycosaminoglycans, resulting in a decrease in the urinary excretion of total GAGs, CS/DS and HS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Jura-Półtorak
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Paweł Olczyk
- Department of Community Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Chałas-Lipka
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Komosińska-Vassev
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Kornelia Kuźnik-Trocha
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Winsz-Szczotka
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Diana Ivanova
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Medicine and Nutrigenomics, The Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University Varna, Varna, Bulgaria
| | - Yoana Kiselova-Kaneva
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Medicine and Nutrigenomics, The Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University Varna, Varna, Bulgaria
| | - Katarzyna Krysik
- Department of Ophthalmology with Paediatric Unit, St. Barbara Hospital, Trauma Center, Sosnowiec, Poland
| | - Alicja Telega
- The Diabetes Outpatient Clinic, Non-public Health Care Unit, Jaworzno, Poland
| | - Krystyna Olczyk
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
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Yaneva G, Dimitrova T, Ivanov D, Ivanova D, Ingilizova G, Slavov S. MODERN APPLICATIONS OF OZONE FOR COVID-19 DISINFECTION AND TREATMENT. JofIMAB 2022. [DOI: 10.5272/jimab.2022281.4284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 represents a serious challenge for modern society worldwide because of the considerable and unfavourable consequences of the pandemic in terms of human health, economics and social life. In the present concise survey, some essential peculiarities of ozone as disinfecting and therapeutic means under the conditions of COVID-19 pandemic as reflected in the recent literature are described. Particularttention is paid to modern hospital disinfection means and methods. Ozone exerts antiviral activity through the inhibition of viral replication and direct inactivation of viruses by interfering with the virus replication phase and attacking capsid proteins. Ozone therapy is very inexpensive and may safely exploit the critical vulnerability in COVID-19.
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Tasinov O, Dincheva I, Badjakov I, Kiselova-Kaneva Y, Galunska B, Nogueiras R, Ivanova D. Phytochemical Composition, Anti-Inflammatory and ER Stress-Reducing Potential of Sambucus ebulus L. Fruit Extract. Plants (Basel) 2021; 10:plants10112446. [PMID: 34834808 PMCID: PMC8623228 DOI: 10.3390/plants10112446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Sambucus ebulus L. (SE) fruits are used for their immunostimulation, hematopoietic and antiviral potential. Recently, we focused on analyzing the mechanism underlying SE fruit aqueous extract's (FAE) immunomodulation and anti-inflammatory activities, with attention to its endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-reducing potential. J774A.1 macrophages were treated with SE FAE alone or in conditions of lipopolysaccharides (LPS) stimulation. Using GC-MS and LC-MS/MS, its phytochemical composition was analyzed. To measure transcription and protein levels, we used qPCR and Western blot, respectively. The prevailing phytochemicals in SE FAE were hydroxycinnamic acids, proanthocyanidins and anthocyanins. The content of some amino acids, organic acids, alcohols, fatty acids and esters were newly reported. Extracts exerted an immunostimulation potential by stimulating IL-6, TNFα, Ccl2, COX2 and iNOS transcription, without inducing ER stress. SE FAE suppressed the LPS-induced transcription of inflammation related genes (IL-1β, IL-6, TNFα, Ccl2, Icam-1, Fabp4, COX2, iNOS, Noxo1, IL-1ra, Sirt-1) and reduced the protein levels of iNOS, peIF2α, ATF6α and CHOP. The effects were comparable to that of salicylic acid. SE suppresses LPS-stimulated inflammatory markers on the transcription and translation levels. Targeting ER stress is possibly another mechanism underlying its anti-inflammatory potential. These findings reveal the potential of SE fruits as a beneficial therapeutic of inflammation and ER stress-related pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oskan Tasinov
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Medicine and Nutrigenomics, Medical University of Varna, 84B Tzar Osvoboditel Blvd., 9002 Varna, Bulgaria; (Y.K.-K.); (B.G.); (D.I.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +359-896-036961
| | - Ivayla Dincheva
- AgroBioInstitute, Agricultural Academy, 8 Dr. Tsankov Blvd., 1164 Sofia, Bulgaria; (I.D.); (I.B.)
| | - Ilian Badjakov
- AgroBioInstitute, Agricultural Academy, 8 Dr. Tsankov Blvd., 1164 Sofia, Bulgaria; (I.D.); (I.B.)
| | - Yoana Kiselova-Kaneva
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Medicine and Nutrigenomics, Medical University of Varna, 84B Tzar Osvoboditel Blvd., 9002 Varna, Bulgaria; (Y.K.-K.); (B.G.); (D.I.)
| | - Bistra Galunska
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Medicine and Nutrigenomics, Medical University of Varna, 84B Tzar Osvoboditel Blvd., 9002 Varna, Bulgaria; (Y.K.-K.); (B.G.); (D.I.)
| | - Ruben Nogueiras
- Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CiMUS), Department of Physiology, University of Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain;
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Diana Ivanova
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Medicine and Nutrigenomics, Medical University of Varna, 84B Tzar Osvoboditel Blvd., 9002 Varna, Bulgaria; (Y.K.-K.); (B.G.); (D.I.)
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Tasinov O, Kiselova-Kaneva Y, Ivanova D, Pasheva M, Vankova D, Ivanova D. Ferrum phosphoricum D12 Treatment Affects J774A.1 Cell Proliferation, Transcription Levels of Iron Metabolism, Antioxidant Defense, and Inflammation-related Genes. HOMEOPATHY 2021; 111:113-120. [PMID: 34634834 DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1731312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ferrum phosphoricum (FP) is prescribed as a homeopathic remedy to treat the early stages of fever and inflammation in cases of colds or flu, muscle fatigue and anemia. We aimed to analyze the molecular mechanisms of action of FP D12 on cell proliferation and mRNA expression of iron metabolism, antioxidant defense and inflammation-related genes in mouse J774A.1 macrophages. METHODS Cell proliferation was examined using the MTT test. RT-qPCR analyses were performed to estimate gene expression changes. Relative gene expression levels were calculated using the 2-ΔΔCt method. The effect of treatment using FP D12 tablets was compared with that using placebo tablets (PT). RESULTS FP D12 in low concentrations (0.0125 mg/mL to 0.025 mg/mL) significantly stimulated proliferation of J774A.1 cells by up to 11% (p < 0.01) versus control untreated cells and by up to 40% (p < 0.01) versus PT-treated cells in the respective concentration. FP D12 versus PT induced a significant increase in mRNA expression of ferritin light chain (Ftl1) (by 8-fold, p < 0.01), β-2-microglobulin (B2m) (by 2.5-fold, p < 0.05) and iron-responsive element binding protein 2 (Ireb2) (by 4-fold, p < 0.05), and induced a slight decrease in myosin IE (Myo1e) mRNA expression levels (by 0.4-fold, p < 0.01) in macrophages. A highly significant (r2 = 0.99, p < 0.05) correlation was observed between Ireb2 and B2m transcription levels. Significant stimulation of antioxidant enzyme Gpx-1 (by 1.27-fold, p < 0.01) in cells by 0.025 mg/mL FP D12, but a slight decrease (by 0.12-fold, p < 0.05) in 0.0125 mg/mL-treated cells, was observed. A significant increase in the gene expression of IL-1β (by 3.5-fold, р < 0.05) in macrophages was also detected. CONCLUSION Ferrum phosphoricum in D12 dilution potentially exhibits iron retention, antioxidant and immunomodulation activities, possibly by modulating transcription levels of related genes in non-stimulated mouse macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oskan Tasinov
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Medicine and Nutrigenomics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University-Varna, Varna, Bulgaria
| | - Yoana Kiselova-Kaneva
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Medicine and Nutrigenomics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University-Varna, Varna, Bulgaria
| | - Desislava Ivanova
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Medicine and Nutrigenomics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University-Varna, Varna, Bulgaria
| | - Milena Pasheva
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Medicine and Nutrigenomics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University-Varna, Varna, Bulgaria
| | - Deyana Vankova
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Medicine and Nutrigenomics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University-Varna, Varna, Bulgaria
| | - Diana Ivanova
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Medicine and Nutrigenomics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University-Varna, Varna, Bulgaria
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Yaneva G, Ivanov D, Ivanova D. OZONE FEATURES IN THE CONTEXT OF ADVANCING COVID-19 PANDEMIC. JofIMAB 2021. [DOI: 10.5272/jimab.2021274.3999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 represents a serious challenge for modern society worldwide because of the considerable and unfavourable consequences of the pandemic in terms of human health, economics and social life. In the present survey, some essential peculiarities of ozone as an air pollutant and powerful oxidant under the conditions of the COVID-19 pandemic as reflected in the recent literature are described. The understanding of ozone chemistry during COVID-19 lockdown can improve ozone parameterization in models of chemical transport. Ozone peroxides such as ozonides, aldehydes, hydrogen peroxides, and organic peroxide serve as messengers to modulate the human immune system and improve blood rheology.
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Radanova M, Mihaylova G, Tasinov O, Ivanova D, Nazifova-Tasinova N, Manev R, Salim A, Nikolova M, Ivanova D, Conev N, Mihaylova Z, Donev I. 36P Plasma levels of hsa_circ_0001445 and hsa_circ_0007915 may indicate the presence of metastatic disease in patients with colorectal cancer. Ann Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2021.08.2032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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18
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Chichova M, Tasinov O, Shkodrova M, Mishonova M, Sazdova I, Ilieva B, Doncheva-Stoimenova D, Kiselova-Kaneva Y, Raikova N, Uzunov B, Ivanova D, Gagov H. New Data on Cylindrospermopsin Toxicity. Toxins (Basel) 2021; 13:toxins13010041. [PMID: 33429940 PMCID: PMC7827247 DOI: 10.3390/toxins13010041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 12/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cylindrospermopsin (CYN) is a widely spread cyanotoxin that can occur in fresh water and food. This research aims to investigate CYN toxicity by studying the effects of drinking 0.25 nM of CYN-contaminated water from a natural source, and of the direct application of moderate concentrations of CYN on different animal targets. The chosen structures and activities are rat mitochondria inner membrane permeability, mitochondrial ATP synthase (ATPase) and rat liver diamine oxidase (DAO) activities (EC 1.4.3.22.), the force of the contraction of an excised frog heart preparation with functional innervation, and the viability of a human intestinal epithelial cell line (HIEC-6). The oral exposure to CYN decreased the reverse (hydrolase) activity of rat liver ATPase whereas its short-term, in vitro application was without significant effect on this organelle, DAO activity, heart contractions, and their neuronal regulation. The application of CYN reduced HIEC-6 cells’ viability dose dependently. It was concluded that CYN is moderately toxic for the human intestinal epithelial cells, where the regeneration of the epithelial layer can be suppressed by CYN. This result suggests that CYN may provoke pathological changes in the human gastrointestinal tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariela Chichova
- Department of Animal and Human Physiology, Faculty of Biology, Sofia University “St. Kliment Ohridski”, 8 Dragan Tzankov blvd., 1164 Sofia, Bulgaria; (M.C.); (M.S.); (M.M.); (I.S.); (B.I.); (D.D.-S.); (N.R.)
| | - Oskan Tasinov
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Medicine and Nutrigenomics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Varna, 55 Marin Drinov, 9002 Varna, Bulgaria; (O.T.); (Y.K.-K.); (D.I.)
| | - Milena Shkodrova
- Department of Animal and Human Physiology, Faculty of Biology, Sofia University “St. Kliment Ohridski”, 8 Dragan Tzankov blvd., 1164 Sofia, Bulgaria; (M.C.); (M.S.); (M.M.); (I.S.); (B.I.); (D.D.-S.); (N.R.)
| | - Milena Mishonova
- Department of Animal and Human Physiology, Faculty of Biology, Sofia University “St. Kliment Ohridski”, 8 Dragan Tzankov blvd., 1164 Sofia, Bulgaria; (M.C.); (M.S.); (M.M.); (I.S.); (B.I.); (D.D.-S.); (N.R.)
| | - Iliyana Sazdova
- Department of Animal and Human Physiology, Faculty of Biology, Sofia University “St. Kliment Ohridski”, 8 Dragan Tzankov blvd., 1164 Sofia, Bulgaria; (M.C.); (M.S.); (M.M.); (I.S.); (B.I.); (D.D.-S.); (N.R.)
| | - Bilyana Ilieva
- Department of Animal and Human Physiology, Faculty of Biology, Sofia University “St. Kliment Ohridski”, 8 Dragan Tzankov blvd., 1164 Sofia, Bulgaria; (M.C.); (M.S.); (M.M.); (I.S.); (B.I.); (D.D.-S.); (N.R.)
| | - Dilyana Doncheva-Stoimenova
- Department of Animal and Human Physiology, Faculty of Biology, Sofia University “St. Kliment Ohridski”, 8 Dragan Tzankov blvd., 1164 Sofia, Bulgaria; (M.C.); (M.S.); (M.M.); (I.S.); (B.I.); (D.D.-S.); (N.R.)
| | - Yoana Kiselova-Kaneva
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Medicine and Nutrigenomics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Varna, 55 Marin Drinov, 9002 Varna, Bulgaria; (O.T.); (Y.K.-K.); (D.I.)
| | - Neli Raikova
- Department of Animal and Human Physiology, Faculty of Biology, Sofia University “St. Kliment Ohridski”, 8 Dragan Tzankov blvd., 1164 Sofia, Bulgaria; (M.C.); (M.S.); (M.M.); (I.S.); (B.I.); (D.D.-S.); (N.R.)
| | - Blagoy Uzunov
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Biology, Sofia University “St. Kliment Ohridski”, 8 Dragan Tzankov blvd., 1164 Sofia, Bulgaria;
| | - Diana Ivanova
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Medicine and Nutrigenomics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Varna, 55 Marin Drinov, 9002 Varna, Bulgaria; (O.T.); (Y.K.-K.); (D.I.)
| | - Hristo Gagov
- Department of Animal and Human Physiology, Faculty of Biology, Sofia University “St. Kliment Ohridski”, 8 Dragan Tzankov blvd., 1164 Sofia, Bulgaria; (M.C.); (M.S.); (M.M.); (I.S.); (B.I.); (D.D.-S.); (N.R.)
- Correspondence:
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19
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Gadsby R, Ivanova D, Trevelyan E, Hutton JL, Johnson S. The onset of nausea and vomiting of pregnancy: a prospective cohort study. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2021; 21:10. [PMID: 33407214 PMCID: PMC7786982 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-020-03478-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nausea and vomiting are experienced by most women during pregnancy. The onset is usually related to Last Menstrual Period (LMP) the date of which is often unreliable. This study describes the time to onset of nausea and vomiting symptoms from date of ovulation and compares this to date of last menstrual period METHODS: Prospective cohort of women seeking to become pregnant, recruited from 12 May 2014 to 25 November 2016, in the United Kingdom. Daily diaries of nausea and vomiting were kept by 256 women who were trying to conceive. The main outcome measure is the number of days from last menstrual period (LMP) or luteinising hormone surge until onset of nausea or vomiting. RESULTS Almost all women (88%) had Human Chorionic Gonadotrophin rise within 8 to 10 days of ovulation; the equivalent interval from LMP was 20 to 30 days. Many (67%) women experience symptoms within 11 to 20 days of ovulation. CONCLUSIONS Onset of nausea and vomiting occurs earlier than previously reported and there is a narrow window for onset of symptoms. This indicates that its etiology is associated with a specific developmental stage at the foetal-maternal interface. TRIAL REGISTRATION NCT01577147 . Date of registration 13 April 2012.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger Gadsby
- Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV5 6AB, UK
| | - Diana Ivanova
- Department of Statistics, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV5 6AB, UK
| | - Emma Trevelyan
- Department of Statistics, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV5 6AB, UK
| | - Jane L Hutton
- Department of Statistics, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV5 6AB, UK.
| | - Sarah Johnson
- SPD Development Company Limited, Stannard Way, Bedford, MK44 3UP, UK
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Ivanova D, Yaneva Z, R. Bakalova RB, Semkova S, Zhelev Z. The antimalaria drug artemisinin displays strong cytotoxic effect on leukaemia lymphocytes in combination with vitamin C and pro-vitamin K3. BJVM 2021. [DOI: 10.15547/bjvm.2019-0134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the anticancer effect of the anti-parasitic drug artemisinin in combination with two redox modulators: vitamin C and pro-vitamin K3 (C/K3) The experiments were conducted on leukaemia cells Jurkat. Cells were treated with either artemisinin or C/K3 alone and with all three compounds. Cell proliferation and viability were analysed using trypan blue stating and automated cell counting. The results showed that artemisinin (>10 mM) suppressed cell proliferation activity, but did not induce cell death up to 500 mM. The drug demonstrated a clear cytostatic effect at concentrations 250- 500 mM – Jurkat cells did not proliferate, but were alive. The combination C/K3 (200:2, 300:3 mM/mM) applied alone did not affect cell proliferation and viability. Vitamins C/K3 in concentration ratio 500:5 (μM/mM) decreased cell proliferation activity by ~10%. The triple combination artemisinin/C/K3 manifested synergistic anti-proliferative effects at all concentration ratios analysed. This synergistic effect increased with increasing C/K3 concentration. Based on literature data, it was assumed that the anti-proliferative effect of the triple combination was mediated by changes in the redox-homeostasis of cancer cells. The C/K3 redox system likely acted on cancer mitochondria and increased superoxide production and activation of pro-apoptotic signals, specific for cancer cells. On the other hand, artemisinin could generate hydroxyl radicals as a result of activation of Fenton reactions, depleting intracellular reducing equivalents. Both redox mechanisms lead to activation of signal pathways for induction of cancer cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. Ivanova
- Department of Pharmacology, Animal Physiology and Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Trakia University, Stara Zagora, Bulgaria
| | - Z. Yaneva
- Department of Pharmacology, Animal Physiology and Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Trakia University, Stara Zagora, Bulgaria
| | - R. Bakalova R. Bakalova
- Department of Molecular Imaging and Theranostics, National Institute of Radiological Sciences (NIRS)
| | - S. Semkova
- Institute of Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Zh. Zhelev
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Trakia University, Stara Zagora, Bulgaria
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Ivanova D, Borisov S, Nikolenko N, Kosenkov S. Comorbidome in multidrug-resistant tuberculosis patients. Tuberculosis (Edinb) 2020. [DOI: 10.1183/13993003.congress-2020.479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Borisov SE, Filippov A, Ivanova D, Ivanushkina T, Belilovsky E. The risk of ineffective MDR/XDR TB treatment, based on bedaquilin: factors and their influence. Tuberculosis (Edinb) 2020. [DOI: 10.1183/13993003.congress-2020.461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Radanova M, Ivanova D, Mihaylova G, Tasinov O, Nazifova-Tasinova N, Manev R, Pavlov P, Petrova V, Petkova D, Mirchev M, Bratoeva K, Conev N, Mihaylova Z, Donev I. P-361 High expression levels of circulating miRNA-618 and miRNA-203a-3p are associated with prolonged survival in patients with metastatic colon cancer. Ann Oncol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2020.04.443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
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Mihaylova Z, Radanova M, Ivanova D, Mihaylova G, Petrova V, Petkova D, Donev I. P-365 Association between baseline serum levels of miRNA-143 and hepatocyte growth factor in patients with RAS wild type metastatic colorectal cancer treated with first-line anti-EGFR therapy. Ann Oncol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2020.04.447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
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Westhovens R, Yoo D, Wiland P, Zawadzki M, Ivanova D, Berrocal A, Chalouhi E, Balázs É, Shevchuk S, Lee SJ, Kim SH, Suh J, Hwang C, Choi DS. THU0186 CLINICAL EVALUATION OF THE IMMUNOGENICITY TO CT-P13 FOR SUBCUTANEOUS USE IN PATIENTS WITH ACTIVE RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS: 1-YEAR CLINICAL RESULTS FROM A MULTICENTER, RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED PIVOTAL TRIAL. Ann Rheum Dis 2020. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2020-eular.535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/15/2023]
Abstract
Background:Novel subcutaneous infliximab (CT-P13 SC) was developed to augment the flexibility in therapeutic use of infliximab and noninferiority (NI) of CT-P13 SC versus CT-P13 intravenous (IV) was demonstrated for efficacy in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) [1]. CT-P13 SC 120mg biweekly showed consistent higher therapeutic trough levels during the treatment period, which helps in maintaining efficacy over time. Since immunogenicity has clinical importance in patients using anti-TNF alpha agents and there is a general presumption that SC route is more immunogenic than IV route, this needs careful assessment.Objectives:Immunogenicity assessment of CT-P13 SC with further impact analysis has been performed on the pivotal data set [1] to determine whether there was any correlation between the magnitude of anti-drug antibody (ADA) positivity and clinical outcomes in RA patients.Methods:The immune response against CT-P13 in human serum was detected using an electrochemiluminescence (ECL) platform with an Affinity Capture Elution (ACE) step. An ADA ECL ACE assay showed ability to detect ADA at low levels in all samples regardless of residual drug in serum (25 ng/mL ADA in the presence of 80 μg/mL of CT-P13 in RA serum). To investigate the impact of ADA titer on PK, efficacy and safety, key clinical parameters were assessed by visit based ADA titer quartile. All patients who had ‘Positive’ ADA status result at each visit were included in the analysis and categorized into 4 groups using the 25th, 50th, 75th percentiles of ADA titer result, respectively.Results:The four subgroups categorized by quartiles at each visit from week 22 to week 54 were: 1st (ADA titer ≤ 3), 2nd (3 < ADA titer ≤ 9), 3rd (9 < ADA titer ≤ 27) and 4th (27 < ADA titer). There was a trend for pre-dose concentration to decrease as ADA titer increases for both CT-P13 SC and CT-P13 IV arms as expected (Figure 1). Patients in the 1st and 2nd subgroup maintained the sufficient therapeutic drug concentration level. Figure 2 shows the correlation between ADA titer and efficacy outcomes where the change from baseline of DAS28 (CRP) and the proportion of patients achieving ACR20 were lower in the 3rd and 4th subgroups. The ADA impact was especially apparent in the 4th subgroup where the mean pre-dose concentration of the patients was below the therapeutic drug concentration level (1 μg/mL), which led to worse efficacy outcomes in both arms, IV as well as SC. Nevertheless, no impact of ADA on safety profile in both arms was observed. A neutralizing antibody (NAb) method with enhanced drug tolerance but limited performance was also developed and clinical consequences of NAb titer in terms of PK, efficacy and safety were not different from the results with ADA.Conclusion:The analysis of both ADA positivity and titer is clinically meaningful in the prediction of PK profile and clinical response. CT-P13 SC administration did not result in a greater incidence of ADA compared to the CT-P13 IV and there were no clinical differences depending on the formulation.References:[1]Westhovens R, et al. Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 2019;78:1158-1159.Disclosure of Interests:Rene Westhovens Grant/research support from: Celltrion Inc, Galapagos, Gilead, Consultant of: Celltrion Inc, Galapagos, Gilead, Speakers bureau: Celltrion Inc, Galapagos, Gilead, DaeHyun Yoo Grant/research support from: Celltrion, Inc, Consultant of: Celltrion, Inc, Speakers bureau: Celltrion Healthcare, Inc, Piotr Wiland Grant/research support from: Celltrion, Inc, Speakers bureau: Novartis, Pfizer, Abbvie, Gedeon-Richter, Lilly, Roche, Sandoz, Marek Zawadzki Grant/research support from: Celltrion, Inc, Delina Ivanova Grant/research support from: Celltrion, Inc, Alfredo Berrocal Grant/research support from: Celltrion, Inc, Speakers bureau: Pfizer, Elias Chalouhi Grant/research support from: Celltrion, Inc, Éva Balázs Grant/research support from: Celltrion, Inc, Consultant of: Amgen, Sergii Shevchuk Grant/research support from: Celltrion, Inc, Sang Joon Lee Shareholder of: Celltrion, Inc, Employee of: Celltrion, Inc, Sung Hyun Kim Shareholder of: Celltrion, Inc, Employee of: Celltrion, Inc, JeeHye Suh Employee of: Celltrion, Inc, Chankyoung Hwang Employee of: Celltrion, Inc, Dae Seok Choi Shareholder of: Celltrion, Inc, Employee of: Celltrion, Inc
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Radanova M, Mihaylova G, Ivanova D, Daugan M, Lazarov V, Roumenina L, Vasilev V. Clinical and functional consequences of anti-properdin autoantibodies in patients with lupus nephritis. Clin Exp Immunol 2020; 201:135-144. [PMID: 32306375 DOI: 10.1111/cei.13443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Revised: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Properdin is the only positive regulator of the complement system. In this study, we characterize the prevalence, functional consequences and disease associations of autoantibodies against properdin in a cohort of patients with autoimmune disease systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) suffering from lupus nephritis (LN). We detected autoantibodies against properdin in plasma of 22·5% of the LN patients (16 of 71) by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The binding of these autoantibodies to properdin was dose-dependent and was validated by surface plasmon resonance. Higher levels of anti-properdin were related to high levels of anti-dsDNA and anti-nuclear antibodies and low concentrations of C3 and C4 in patients, and also with histological signs of LN activity and chronicity. The high negative predictive value (NPV) of anti-properdin and anti-dsDNA combination suggested that patients who are negative for both anti-properdin and anti-dsDNA will not have severe nephritis. Immunoglobulin G from anti-properdin-positive patients' plasma increased the C3b deposition on late apoptotic cells by flow cytometry. Nevertheless, these IgGs did not modify substantially the binding of properdin to C3b, the C3 convertase C3bBb and the pro-convertase C3bB, evaluated by surface plasmon resonance. In conclusion, anti-properdin autoantibodies exist in LN patients. They have weak but relevant functional consequences, which could have pathological significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Radanova
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Medicine and Nutrigenomics, Medical University of Varna, Varna, Bulgaria
| | - G Mihaylova
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Medicine and Nutrigenomics, Medical University of Varna, Varna, Bulgaria
| | - D Ivanova
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Medicine and Nutrigenomics, Medical University of Varna, Varna, Bulgaria
| | - M Daugan
- INSERM, UMR_S 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Universités, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - V Lazarov
- Clinic of Nephrology, University Hospital "Tzaritza Yoanna, ISUL", Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - L Roumenina
- INSERM, UMR_S 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Universités, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - V Vasilev
- Clinic of Nephrology, University Hospital "Tzaritza Yoanna, ISUL", Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
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Angelova S, Salim A, Kiselova-Kaneva Y, Ivanova D, Peev S. Association of mRNA Levels of IL6, MMP-8, GSS in Saliva and Pyelonephritis in Children. Molecules 2019; 25:molecules25010085. [PMID: 31881666 PMCID: PMC6982834 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25010085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Nowadays, saliva is a subject of growing scientific interest because of its definite advantages as diagnostic medium. The aim of our study was to investigate the diagnostic potential and reliability of messenger RNAs (mRNAs) of selected genes—interleukin-6 (IL-6), matrix metalloproteinase-8 (MMP-8) and glutathione synthetase (GSS)—as salivary markers in children with diagnosed pyelonephritis and to correlate their levels with typical urine para-clinical indicators of the disease. Analysis of the mRNA levels for IL-6, MMP-8 and GSS in 28 children hospitalized with the diagnosis of pyelonephritis was conducted applying the method of quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). In the study group (n = 28), IL-6 mRNA levels demonstrated 64-fold increase (p < 0.001). MMP-8 and GSS mRNA levels were increased in 12 samples in patients with pyelonephritis 3.27 (p < 0.01) and 1.94 (p < 0.001) times, respectively. We found a strong and significant correlation (p < 0.001) between the investigated mRNA for IL-6 and MMP-8, IL-6 and GSS, MMP-8 and GSS. Moderate degree of correlation was established between IL-6 and the typical para-clinical indicator of leucocytes (0.43, p < 0.05) and between GSS and leucocytes (0.54, p < 0.01). Salivary IL-6, MMP-8 and GSS mRNA levels in combination with urine test analysis could be useful diagnostic tool for the very distributed disorder of pyelonephritis in childhood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sirma Angelova
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Medical University of Varna, 9000 Varna, Bulgaria;
| | - Ayshe Salim
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Medicine and Nutrigenomics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Varna, 9000 Varna, Bulgaria; (Y.K.-K.); (D.I.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +35-9883492818
| | - Yoana Kiselova-Kaneva
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Medicine and Nutrigenomics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Varna, 9000 Varna, Bulgaria; (Y.K.-K.); (D.I.)
| | - Diana Ivanova
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Medicine and Nutrigenomics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Varna, 9000 Varna, Bulgaria; (Y.K.-K.); (D.I.)
| | - Stefan Peev
- Department of Periodontology and Dental Implantology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Medical University of Varna, 9000 Varna, Bulgaria;
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Sokrateva T, Nashar M, Salim A, Vlaykova T, Ivanova D. HEALTH EFFECTS OF SULFUROUS MINERAL WATER MAY VARY DEPENDING ON LIFESTYLE. JofIMAB 2019. [DOI: 10.5272/jimab.2019254.2828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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Mihaylova G, Ivanova D, Manev R, Tasinov O, Nazifova-Tasinova N, Petrova V, Petkova- Nelova D, Mihaylova Z, Conev N, Donev I, Radanova M. Association of rs363293 single nucleotide polymorphism in promoter region of miRNA-143/145 with susceptibility to colorectal cancer and with patients’ outcome. Ann Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdz413.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Galstyan A, Borisov S, Sinitsyn M, Ivanova D, Slogodskay L. Safety of bedaquiline for treatment of MDR/XDR tuberculosis in HIV co-infected patients. Tuberculosis (Edinb) 2019. [DOI: 10.1183/13993003.congress-2019.pa2990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Rodina O, Borisov SE, Ivanova D. Adverse events in patients with MDR TB, treated by three types of the chemotherapy regimens. Tuberculosis (Edinb) 2019. [DOI: 10.1183/13993003.congress-2019.pa5278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Mihaylova Z, Ivanova D, Mihaylova G, Tasinov O, Nazifova-Tasinova N, Petkova D, Garev A, Manev R, Conev N, Donev I, Radanova M. Serum level of miRNA-143 as a potential prognostic marker in patients with colorectal cancer and synchronous metastatic disease. Ann Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdz155.296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Wilczyński S, Koprowski R, Stolecka-Warzecha A, Duda P, Deda A, Ivanova D, Kiselova-Kaneva Y, Błońska-Fajfrowska B. The use of microtomographic imaging in the identification of counterfeit medicines. Talanta 2019; 195:870-875. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2018.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Revised: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Borisov SE, Filippov A, Ivanushkina T, Ivanova D, Garmash Y. Outcomes of 6-9-12 months’ bedaquiline-containing regimens in MDR/XDR TB after 24 months follow up. Tuberculosis (Edinb) 2018. [DOI: 10.1183/13993003.congress-2018.pa3671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Kalinina I, Potoroko I, Popova N, Ivanova D, Nenasheva A. REGULATION OF HOMEOSTASIS WITH PRODUCTS ENRICHED BY ANTIOXIDANTS IN ATHLETES FROM LOW-INTENSITY SPORTS. HSM 2018. [DOI: 10.14529/hsm180416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Potoroko I, Kalinina I, Naumenko N, Fatkullin R, Nenasheva A, Uskova D, Sonawane S, Ivanova D, Velyamov M. SONOCHEMICAL MICRONIZATION OF TAXIFOLIN AIMED AT IMPROVING ITS BIOAVAILABILITY IN DRINKS FOR ATHLETES. HSM 2018. [DOI: 10.14529/hsm180309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Fiamoncini J, Rundle M, Gibbons H, Thomas EL, Geillinger-Kästle K, Bunzel D, Trezzi JP, Kiselova-Kaneva Y, Wopereis S, Wahrheit J, Kulling SE, Hiller K, Sonntag D, Ivanova D, van Ommen B, Frost G, Brennan L, Bell J, Daniel H. Plasma metabolome analysis identifies distinct human metabotypes in the postprandial state with different susceptibility to weight loss-mediated metabolic improvements. FASEB J 2018; 32:5447-5458. [PMID: 29718708 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201800330r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Health has been defined as the capability of the organism to adapt to challenges. In this study, we tested to what extent comprehensively phenotyped individuals reveal differences in metabolic responses to a standardized mixed meal tolerance test (MMTT) and how these responses change when individuals experience moderate weight loss. Metabolome analysis was used in 70 healthy individuals. with profiling of ∼300 plasma metabolites during an MMTT over 8 h. Multivariate analysis of plasma markers of fatty acid catabolism identified 2 distinct metabotype clusters (A and B). Individuals from metabotype B showed slower glucose clearance, had increased intra-abdominal adipose tissue mass and higher hepatic lipid levels when compared with individuals from metabotype A. An NMR-based urine analysis revealed that these individuals also to have a less healthy dietary pattern. After a weight loss of ∼5.6 kg over 12 wk, only the subjects from metabotype B showed positive changes in the glycemic response during the MMTT and in markers of metabolic diseases. Our study in healthy individuals demonstrates that more comprehensive phenotyping can reveal discrete metabotypes with different outcomes in a dietary intervention and that markers of lipid catabolism in plasma could allow early detection of the metabolic syndrome.-Fiamoncini, J., Rundle, M., Gibbons, H., Thomas, E. L., Geillinger-Kästle, K., Bunzel, D., Trezzi, J.-P., Kiselova-Kaneva, Y., Wopereis, S., Wahrheit, J., Kulling, S. E., Hiller, K., Sonntag, D., Ivanova, D., van Ommen, B., Frost, G., Brennan, L., Bell, J. Daniel, H. Plasma metabolome analysis identifies distinct human metabotypes in the postprandial state with different susceptibility to weight loss-mediated metabolic improvements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jarlei Fiamoncini
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Technische Universität München, Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
| | - Milena Rundle
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Helena Gibbons
- University College Dublin (UCD) School of Agriculture and Food Science, Institute of Food and Health, Dublin, Ireland
| | - E Louise Thomas
- Research Centre for Optimal Health, Department of Life Sciences, University of Westminster, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Diana Bunzel
- Department of Safety and Quality of Fruit and Vegetables, Max Rubner Institut, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Jean-Pierre Trezzi
- Integrated Biobank of Luxembourg, Dudelange, Luxembourg.,Centre for Systems Biomedicine, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Yoana Kiselova-Kaneva
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Medicine, and Nutrigenomics, Medical University-Varna, Varna, Bulgaria
| | - Suzan Wopereis
- Department of Microbiology and Systems Biology, Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Zeist, The Netherlands
| | | | - Sabine E Kulling
- Department of Safety and Quality of Fruit and Vegetables, Max Rubner Institut, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Karsten Hiller
- Braunschweig Integrated Centre of Systems Biology, University of Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany.,Department of Computational Biology of Infection Research, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Denise Sonntag
- Department of Microbiology and Systems Biology, Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Zeist, The Netherlands
| | - Diana Ivanova
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Medicine, and Nutrigenomics, Medical University-Varna, Varna, Bulgaria
| | - Ben van Ommen
- Department of Microbiology and Systems Biology, Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Zeist, The Netherlands
| | - Gary Frost
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Lorraine Brennan
- University College Dublin (UCD) School of Agriculture and Food Science, Institute of Food and Health, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Jimmy Bell
- Research Centre for Optimal Health, Department of Life Sciences, University of Westminster, London, United Kingdom
| | - Hannelore Daniel
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Technische Universität München, Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
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Potoroko I, Berebin M, Kalinina I, Ivanova D, Kiselova-Kaneva Y. PLANT ADAPTOGENS IN SPECIALIZED FOOD PRODUCTS AS A FACTOR OF HOMEOSTATIC REGULATION INVOLVING MICROBIOTA. HSM 2018. [DOI: 10.14529/hsm180209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Borisov S, Filippov A, Ivanushkina T, Ivanova D, Litvinova N. Bedaquiline-containing regimens for chronic XDR-TB patients: up to 120 weeks after initiation. Tuberculosis (Edinb) 2017. [DOI: 10.1183/1393003.congress-2017.pa3487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Potoroko I, Kalinina I, Naumenko N, Fatkullin R, Shaik S, Sonawane S, Ivanova D, Kiselova-Kaneva Y, Tolstykh O, Paymulina A. POSSIBILITIES OF REGULATING ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF MEDICINAL PLANT EXTRACTS. HSM 2017. [DOI: 10.14529/hsm170409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Kondratyeva E, Krasovsky S, Voronkova A, Cherniak A, Sherman V, Kashirskaya N, Kapranov N, Amelina E, Alimova I, Asherova I, Baykova G, Brisin V, Vasileva E, Vasilyeva T, Vodovozova E, Gaimolenko I, Golubtsova O, Gorinova Y, Erzutova M, Ivanova D, Illyenkova N, Kalinina Y, Kondakova Y, Konovalova L, Korneeva T, Ledneva V, Ljagusha D, Merzlova N, Mukhacheva V, Nazarenko L, Neretina A, Nikonova V, Novikova O, Odinokova O, Pinegina Y, Protasova T, Pyaterkina O, Romanenko N, Rybalkina M, Safonova T, Satsuk N, Sergienko D, Seroklinov V, Simanova T, Simonova O, Smirnova V, Skachkova M, Stashkevich T, Stezhkina E, Filimonova T, Chikunov V, Shabalova L, Shadrina V, Usacheva M. 230 Characterization of the lung function in CF infants, based on the data from the Russian CF register 2014. J Cyst Fibros 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/s1569-1993(17)30575-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Giannouli V, Ivanova D. Does comorbid depression and alcoholic dependence influence cognition in Bulgarian womеn? Eur Psychiatry 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpsy.2017.01.546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
IntroductionPrevious research on the impact of alcohol intake on human behavior and cognition has revealed the detrimental effects of alcohol dependence. Especially in women, depression is often associated with the initiation of alcohol abuse that provokes new episodes of depression and this cycle tends to chronify.ObjectiveAlthough the co-occurrence of depression and alcoholism is well documented, there is still scarce data on the cognition of depressed alcohol-depended women. The aim of the present study is to examine the cognitive function in women who demonstrate both depression and alcohol dependence.MethodA group of fifty-three Bulgarian women with a formal diagnosis of alcohol dependence (Mage = 43.89, SDage = 9.48; level of education: all with high school education) and varying levels of depressive symptomatology were examined at the Municipal Council on Drug Addiction Blagoevgrad. Information were collected from personal history taking (anamnesis), self-reports and the Lesch Alcoholism Typology–Questionnaire (LAT online program). The women were grouped according to their age (27–45 and 46–71).ResultsResults indicated that there is a significant influence of depression (P = .032), a slightly above the statistical significance level non-influence of age (P = .056), and an interaction of the influence of depression*age (P = .048) on self-reported cognitive performance.ConclusionsThe present research suggests that future researchers should further clarify in a more systematic way the factors that influence cognition in this special population with comorbid depression and alcoholic dependence.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
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Ivanova D, Zagorska A, Avramova-Cholakova S, Bliznakova K, Deyanova T, Dobrikov R, Hristova-Popova J, Kostova-Lefterova D. Staff doses in fluoroscopically guided invasive diagnostic and interventional urology procedures. Phys Med 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmp.2016.07.714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
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Ivanova D, Milev G, Nacheva S, Petrova I, Angov G, Petrova J, Stoyanova K. AB0441 Neuropsychiatric Manifestations of Adult-Onset Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. Ann Rheum Dis 2016. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2016-eular.3289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Kondrateva E, Kapranov N, Krasovsky S, Amelina E, Cherniak A, Kucev S, Kashirskaya N, Voronkova A, Sherman V, Shabalova L, Nikonova V, Novoselova O, Merdalimov R, Gorinova Y, Tomilova A, Simonova O, Uspenskaya I, Baykova G, Kozyreva L, Boytsova E, Gembitskaya T, Ivanova D, Konovalova L, Osipova E, Starodubtseva O, Simanova T, Revel-Muroz N, Pinegina Y, Kalinina Y, Basilaya A, Dyachkova A, Dybovskaya V, Satsuk N, Chuchalin A, Muhacheva V, Stezhkina E, Alimova I, Seroklinov V, Smirnova V, Filimonova T, Novikova O, Neretina A, Ledneva V, Kadyrova D, Karimova I, Pyaterkina O, Vasilyeva E, Golubtsova O, Pavlov P, Korneeva T, Shevlyakova A, Protasova T, Voronin S, Sergienko D, Ilyenkova N, Chikunov V, Rybalkina M, Skachkova M, Brisin V, Khachiyan M, Kondakova Y, Romanenko N, Merzlova N, Shadrina V, Asherova I, Nazarenko L, Odinokova O, Smirnova I, Usacheva M. 253 The health status of children with cystic fibrosis in the Russian Federation according to the Registry in 2013. J Cyst Fibros 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/s1569-1993(16)30492-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Ivanova D, Kuznetzov A, Nikitin S. ID 200 – The reappearance of F-waves in patients with cervical spinal injury as the criteria of spinal shock ending. Clin Neurophysiol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2015.11.359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Abstract
IntroductionThe people who maintain close relationships with relatives suffering from addiction to psychoactive substances may become more sensitive to develop a physical, mental and emotional state, similar to an emotional addiction.ObjectiveThe aim of this study is to give a cross-cultural perspective to codependence and reveal the profile of female relatives of addicted persons in Greece and Bulgaria.MethodThirty-nine Greek mothers of addicted persons from Greece (Mage = 43.97, SDage = 18.34, all high school graduates), a similar group of forty Greek female participants (32 mothers of non-addicted persons, Mage = 40.97, SDage = 17.22, all high school graduates), and thirty Bulgarian women (all mothers of addicted persons, Mage = 53.55, SDage = 5.58, all high school graduates) were examined with the STAI-state questionnaire, the ZUNG Self Rating Depression Scale and the Questionnaire of Establishment of Codependency.ResultsResults indicated that there are statistically significant differences between the Greek and the Bulgarian female relatives of addicted persons on the scores ofZUNG (MGreek = 51.64, SDGreek = 2.07, MBulgarian = 73.63, SDBulgarian = 4.04) and STAI (MGreek = 53.89, SDGreek = 2.68, MBulgarian = 74.16, SDBulgarian = 4.84), but not for the Questionnaire of Establishment of Codependency. Statistically significant differences in all three questionnaires were found for the groups of Greek mothers of dependent and non-dependent persons (P < .005).ConclusionsThis research suggests that although there is more anxiety and depression reported by the Bulgarian mothers of addicted persons, no cross-cultural difference was found for codependence in mothers of addicted persons.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
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Jolie J, Régis JM, Wilmsen D, Ahmed S, Pfeiffer M, Saed-Samii N, Warr N, Blanc A, Jentschel M, Köster U, Mutti P, Soldner T, Simpson G, De France G, Urban W, Drouet F, Vancraeyenest A, Baczyk P, Czerwinski M, Korgul A, Mazzocchi C, Rzaca-Urban T, Bruce A, Roberts O, Fraile L, Mach H, Paziy V, Ignatov A, Ilieva S, Kröll T, Scheck M, Thürauf M, Ivanova D, Kisyov S, Lalkovski S, Podolyák Z, Regan P, Korten W, Zielinska M, Salsac M, Habs D, Thirolf P, Ur CA, Bernards C, Casten R, Cooper N, Werner V, Cakirli R, Leoni S, Benzoni G, Bocchi G, Bottoni S, Crespi F, Fornal B, Cieplicka N, Szpak B, Petrache C, Leguillon R, John R, Lorenz C, Massarczyk R, Schwengner R, Curien D, Lozeva R, Sengele L, Marginean N, Lica R. The (n,γ) campaigns at EXILL. EPJ Web of Conferences 2015. [DOI: 10.1051/epjconf/20159301014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Ivanova D, Deneva V, Nedeltcheva D, Kamounah FS, Gergov G, Hansen PE, Kawauchi S, Antonov L. Tautomeric transformations of piroxicam in solution: a combined experimental and theoretical study. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra03653d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Piroxicam tautomerism was studied in solution. Enol-amide tautomer is presented mainly as a sandwich type dimer in ethanol and DMSO. The addition of water leads to gradual shift of the equilibrium towards the zwitterionic tautomer.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. Ivanova
- Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry
- Bulgarian Academy of Sciences
- BG-1113 Sofia
- Bulgaria
- Faculty of Pharmacy
| | - V. Deneva
- Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry
- Bulgarian Academy of Sciences
- BG-1113 Sofia
- Bulgaria
| | - D. Nedeltcheva
- Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry
- Bulgarian Academy of Sciences
- BG-1113 Sofia
- Bulgaria
| | - F. S. Kamounah
- Department of Science
- Systems and Models
- Roskilde University
- DK-4000 Roskilde
- Denmark
| | - G. Gergov
- Faculty of Pharmacy
- Medical University of Sofia
- BG-1000 Sofia
- Bulgaria
| | - P. E. Hansen
- Department of Science
- Systems and Models
- Roskilde University
- DK-4000 Roskilde
- Denmark
| | - S. Kawauchi
- Tokyo Institute of Technology
- Department of Organic and Polymeric Materials
- Tokyo 152-8552
- Japan
| | - L. Antonov
- Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry
- Bulgarian Academy of Sciences
- BG-1113 Sofia
- Bulgaria
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