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Mailin G, Yang Y, Liu C, Jing Y, Wang Y, Ma J, Liao T, Shen L, Zhu L. The RNA-seq mapping of Testicular Development after Heat Stress in Sexually Mature Mice. Sci Data 2024; 11:913. [PMID: 39179570 PMCID: PMC11344092 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-024-03782-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 08/14/2024] [Indexed: 08/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The testis serves as the primary site for spermatogenesis in mammals and is a crucial organ for the secretion of male hormones. Heat stress (HS) can have adverse effects on the seminiferous tubules, sperm quality, and sperm fertilization capability within the testis. Despite numerous previous studies describing various time points after heat stress in mice, a systematic and comprehensive dataset on heat stress and recovery in mice has been lacking. This study aimed to explore the gene expression changes in the recovery of multiple seminiferous epithelial cycles and spermatogenic cycles in mouse testicles after heat stress. We obtained high-throughput bulk RNA-seq data from testicular tissue of 4 NC mice and 32 HS mice (divided into 9 groups: NC, 30 min, 2 h, 6 h, 24 h, 3d, 8d, 24d, 47d, and 95d) and illustrated the dynamic changes in differential genes. This data set provides valuable insights into the detailed dynamic changes of one or more spermatogenic cycles after heat stress in mouse testicles, as well as the molecular mechanisms involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gan Mailin
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Yiting Yang
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Chengming Liu
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Yunhong Jing
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Jianfeng Ma
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Tianci Liao
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Linyuan Shen
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China.
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China.
| | - Li Zhu
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China.
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China.
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Rajpoot A, Yadav K, Yadav A, Mishra RK. Shilajit mitigates chemotherapeutic drug-induced testicular toxicity: Study on testicular germ cell dynamics, steroidogenesis modulation, and Nrf-2/Keap-1 signaling. J Ayurveda Integr Med 2024; 15:100930. [PMID: 39121783 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaim.2024.100930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Medications, including chemotherapeutic drugs, contribute to male infertility as external factors by inducing oxidative stress in testicular cells. Shilajit is a naturally occurring bioactive antioxidant used in Ayurvedic medicine to treat a variety of ailments. OBJECTIVE This study examines the potential of Shilajit to counteract the negative effects of the chemotherapeutic drug cyclophosphamide (CPA) on testicular germ cell dynamics. MATERIAL AND METHODS Male Parkes mice received single intraperitoneal CPA injection (200 mg/kg BW) on day one, followed by daily supplementation of Shilajit (100 and 200 mg/kg BW) for one spermatogenic cycle. RESULTS CPA adversely affected testicular germ cell dynamics by inhibiting the conversion of spermatogonia-to-spermatids, altering testicular histoarchitecture, impairing Sertoli cell function and testicular steroidogenesis, and disturbing the testicular oxido-apoptotic balance. Shilajit supplementation restores testicular germ cell dynamics in CPA-exposed mice, as evidenced by improved histoarchitecture of the testis. Shilajit improves testicular daily production and sperm quality by promoting the conversion of spermatogonia (2C) into spermatids (1C), stimulating germ cell proliferation (PCNA), improving Sertoli cell function (N-Cadherin and β-Catenin), and maintaining the Bax/Bcl2 ratio. Additionally, Shilajit enhances testosterone biosynthesis by activating enzymes like 3β-HSD, and 17β-HSD. Shilajit also reduces testicular oxidative stress by increasing antioxidant enzyme activity (SOD) and decreasing lipid peroxidation (LPO). These effects are mediated by upregulation of the antioxidant protein Nrf-2 and downregulation of Keap-1. CONCLUSION The findings underscore the potent androgenic and antioxidant characteristics of Shilajit, as well as its ability to enhance fertility in cases of testicular damage caused by chemotherapeutic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arti Rajpoot
- Male Reproductive Physiology Lab, Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Kiran Yadav
- Male Reproductive Physiology Lab, Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Anupam Yadav
- Male Reproductive Physiology Lab, Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Raghav Kumar Mishra
- Male Reproductive Physiology Lab, Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India.
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Taghipour Z, Bahmanzadeh M, Rahimi R. The Effects of Clove and Its Constituents on Reproductive System: a Comprehensive Review. Reprod Sci 2023; 30:2591-2614. [PMID: 37040058 DOI: 10.1007/s43032-023-01223-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
Abstract
Clove with the scientific name of Syzygium aromaticum (L.) Merr. & L.M. Perry is an evergreen tree in which its buds are used for medicinal purposes. Traditional medicine manuscripts as well as recent studies reported its effects on male and female reproductive systems. The aim of this study is to investigate the reported contradictory effects of clove and its phytochemicals on the reproductive system of both males and females. All types of in vitro, animal, and human studies of clove and its main constituents in the field of reproductive systems were collected via searching electronic databases including PubMed and Scopus from the onset till 2021. In this review, 76 articles were included, of which 25 were related to male reproduction, 32 were related to female reproduction, and 19 were related to reproductive malignancies. Analysis of the literature indicates the effects of clove and its constituents especially eugenol and β-caryophyllene on the level of sex hormones, fertility, sperm abnormalities, endometriosis, menstrual cycle, as well as gynecological infections, and reproductive tumors. The main mechanism of clove has not been understood yet but it seems that different parameters affect its pharmacological activity including the type of extract, dose, and duration of administration as well as the primary cause of the disorder. According to the effects of clove on different parts of the reproductive system, it seems that it can be a suitable candidate for related disorders, provided that more and more detailed studies are done on it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Taghipour
- Department of Traditional Pharmacy, School of Persian Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Bahmanzadeh
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Roja Rahimi
- Department of Traditional Pharmacy, School of Persian Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- PhytoPharmacology Interest Group (PPIG), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran.
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Gan M, Jing Y, Xie Z, Ma J, Chen L, Zhang S, Zhao Y, Niu L, Wang Y, Li X, Zhu L, Shen L. Potential Function of Testicular MicroRNAs in Heat-Stress-Induced Spermatogenesis Disorders. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24108809. [PMID: 37240155 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24108809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Spermatogenesis is temperature-dependent, and the increase in testicular temperature seriously affects mammalian spermatogenesis and semen quality. In this study, the testicular heat stress model of mice was made with a 43 °C water bath for 25 min, and the effects of heat stress on semen quality and spermatogenesis-related regulators were analyzed. On the 7th day after heat stress, testis weight shrank to 68.45% and sperm density dropped to 33.20%. High-throughput sequencing analysis showed that 98 microRNAs (miRNAs) and 369 mRNAs were down-regulated, while 77 miRNAs and 1424 mRNAs were up-regulated after heat stress. Through gene ontology (GO) analysis of differentially expressed genes and miRNA-mRNA co-expression networks, it was found that heat stress may be involved in the regulation of testicular atrophy and spermatogenesis disorders by affecting cell meiosis process and cell cycle. In addition, through functional enrichment analysis, co-expression regulatory network, correlation analysis and in vitro experiment, it was found that miR-143-3p may be a representative potential key regulatory factor affecting spermatogenesis under heat stress. In summary, our results enrich the understanding of miRNAs in testicular heat stress and provide a reference for the prevention and treatment of heat-stress-induced spermatogenesis disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mailin Gan
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-Omics, College of Animal and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Farm Animal Genetic Resource Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yunhong Jing
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-Omics, College of Animal and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Farm Animal Genetic Resource Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Zhongwei Xie
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-Omics, College of Animal and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Farm Animal Genetic Resource Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Jianfeng Ma
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-Omics, College of Animal and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Farm Animal Genetic Resource Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Lei Chen
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-Omics, College of Animal and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Farm Animal Genetic Resource Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Shunhua Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-Omics, College of Animal and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Farm Animal Genetic Resource Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Ye Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-Omics, College of Animal and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Farm Animal Genetic Resource Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Lili Niu
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-Omics, College of Animal and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Farm Animal Genetic Resource Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-Omics, College of Animal and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Farm Animal Genetic Resource Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Xuewei Li
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-Omics, College of Animal and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Farm Animal Genetic Resource Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Li Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-Omics, College of Animal and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Farm Animal Genetic Resource Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Linyuan Shen
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-Omics, College of Animal and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Farm Animal Genetic Resource Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
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Wen S, Chen Y, Tang Y, Zhao Y, Liu S, You T, Xu H. Male reproductive toxicity of polystyrene microplastics: Study on the endoplasmic reticulum stress signaling pathway. Food Chem Toxicol 2023; 172:113577. [PMID: 36563925 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2022.113577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Microplastics (MPs) have raised health concerns in public for its potential reproductive toxicity. In this study, we subjected the Kunming mice to 0.01, 0.1 and 1.0 mg/day polystyrene MPs (10 μm, PS-MPs) for 35 days, aiming to investigate the relevant male reproductive toxicity and latent molecular mechanism. The results showed the decreased sperm counts and motility, while the elevated sperm abnormality in PS-MPs-exposed mice. Testicular H&E staining displayed the vacuolization, atrophy, and even shedding of germ cells in seminiferous tubule. And the testosterone content in serum also decreased with PS-MPs treatment. Moreover, molecular analysis indicated that PS-MPs upregulated the expression trait factors for ERS (e.g., immunoglobulin-binding protein [BIP], inositol-requiring protein 1α [IRE1α], X-box-binding protein 1 splicing [XBP1s], Jun kinase [JNK], and the transcription of CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein (C/EBP) homologous protein [CHOP]) and downstream apoptotic modulator (e.g., Caspase-12, -9, and -3) in the testis. The steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR), the testosterone synthetic initiator, was also downregulated. With the supplementation of ERS inhibitor, the MPs-induced testicular damage and decreased testosterone were improved to almost normal level. Overall, this study suggested that PS-MPs generate reproductive toxicity possibly via activating ERS and apoptosis signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyue Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330047, China
| | - Yanbiao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330047, China
| | - Yizhou Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330047, China
| | - Yu Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330047, China
| | - Shanji Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330047, China
| | - Tao You
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330047, China
| | - Hengyi Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330047, China.
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Yadav A, Yadav K, Rajpoot A, Lal B, Mishra RK. Sub-chronic restraint stress exposure in adult rats: An insight into possible inhibitory mechanism on testicular function in relation to germ cell dynamics. Andrologia 2022; 54:e14575. [PMID: 36056817 DOI: 10.1111/and.14575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Psychological stress is now widely recognized as one of the major risk factors for male fertility. Its impact on the dynamics of testicular germ cells, however, has yet to be fully investigated. Therefore, we used the rat restraint stress (RS) model as a psychological stressor to assess the impact of psychological stress on testicular germ cell dynamics. Adult male SD rats were exposed to sub-chronic RS for 1.5 and 3 h per day for 30 days. The quality of cauda epididymis spermatozoa was adversely affected by RS exposure, and the frequency of spermatozoa with tail abnormalities was higher than that of spermatozoa with head abnormalities. RS exposure adversely affected testicular daily sperm production by disturbing the meiotic and post meiotic germ cell kinetics in the testis. The histomorphology of the testis was altered by loosening and vacuolization in the seminiferous epithelium, germ cell exfoliation and the presence of giant cells. Seminiferous tubules of stage I-VI and VII-VIII were severely affected in rats exposed to RS for 3 h. By interfering with steroidogenic enzymes, RS exposure disrupts testosterone biosynthesis. The testicular oxidative balance was also disturbed by RS exposure, which disrupted the levels/activities of lipid peroxidation, Nrf-2, superoxide dismutase and catalase. There was also an increase in caspase-3 activity and a decrease in the Bax-Bcl2 ratio. In conclusion, our findings suggest that psychological stressors like RS impair testicular functions in rats by disrupting germ cell dynamics, downregulating testicular androgenesis and increasing oxidative stress and apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anupam Yadav
- Male Reproductive Physiology Lab., Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Kiran Yadav
- Male Reproductive Physiology Lab., Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Arti Rajpoot
- Male Reproductive Physiology Lab., Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Bechan Lal
- Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Raghav Kumar Mishra
- Male Reproductive Physiology Lab., Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
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Carvalho RPR, Lima GDDA, Ribeiro FCD, Ervilha LOG, Oliveira EL, Viana AGA, Machado-Neves M. Eugenol reduces serum testosterone levels and sperm viability in adult Wistar rats. Reprod Toxicol 2022; 113:110-119. [PMID: 36007673 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2022.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
Eugenol is the main constituent of clove extract. It is a remarkably versatile molecule incorporated as a functional ingredient in several food products and widely applied in the pharmaceutical industry. Men consume natural products enriched with eugenol for treating sexual disorders and using as aphrodisiacs. Nevertheless, there is no information about the impact of eugenol intake on the reproductive parameters of healthy males. Therefore, we provided 10, 20, and 40 mg kg-1 pure eugenol to adult Wistar rats for 60 days. Testis, epididymis, and spermatozoa were analyzed under microscopic, biochemical, and functional approaches. This phenolic compound did not alter testicular and epididymal biometry and microscopy. However, 20 and 40 mg kg-1 eugenol reduced serum testosterone levels. The highest dose altered lactate and glucose concentrations in the epididymis. All the eugenol concentrations diminished CAT activity and MDA levels in the testis and increased FRAP and CAT activity in the epididymis. Epididymal sperm from rats receiving 10, 20, and 40 mg kg-1 eugenol presented high Ca2+ ATPase activity and low motility. In conclusion, eugenol at low and high doses negatively impacted the competence of epididymal sperm and modified oxidative parameters in male organs, with no influence on their microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Graziela Domingues de Almeida Lima
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biociências Aplicadas à Saúde, Universidade Federal de Alfenas, Alfenas, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | - Fernanda Carolina Dias Ribeiro
- Departamento de Veterinária, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil; Departamento de Biologia Estrutural, Universidade Federal do Triangulo Mineiro, Uberaba, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Elizabeth Lopes Oliveira
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais 36570-900, Brazil
| | | | - Mariana Machado-Neves
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais 36570-900, Brazil; Departmento de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais 36570-900, Brazil.
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Asmerom D, Kalay TH, Araya TY, Desta DM, Wondafrash DZ, Tafere GG. Medicinal Plants Used for the Treatment of Erectile Dysfunction in Ethiopia: A Systematic Review. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:6656406. [PMID: 34212038 PMCID: PMC8205584 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6656406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Erectile dysfunction has remained as one of the major global health issues. Since the discovery of phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors, a significant portion of the patients has solved the issue of erectile dysfunction. However, the wide distribution of phosphodiesterase type 5 enzymes at various sites of the body led phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors to cause various unnecessary outcomes. Hence, it is vital to look for and find optional agents that could solve these limitations. The people of Ethiopia depend heavily on medicinal plants to ease their ailments, including erectile dysfunction. Aim of the study. The current study was carried out to systematically review the traditional medicinal plants used for the management of erectile dysfunction in Ethiopia. METHOD A systematic and manual search was conducted to retrieve relevant articles published from 2000 to August 2020. Electronic databases of PubMed (Medline), Google Scholar, and grey literature were employed to access the studies. Accordingly, fifty-four published articles and thesis papers were finally included in this study. RESULT Seventy plant species have been reported for the management of erectile dysfunction in Ethiopia. The commonly recorded family was Fabaceae, followed by Asteraceae, Malvaceae, Convolvulaceae, and Solanaceae. The plant species that represented the highest number of citations were Asparagus africanus, succeeded by Ricinus communis and Carissa spinarum. The commonest plant part used was roots. Majority of the medicinal plants were administered orally. The growth forms of the reported species were primarily herbs followed by shrubs. CONCLUSION The present review compiled medicinal plants utilized by the Ethiopian community to manage erectile dysfunction. The findings will serve as a reference for the selection of plants for further pharmacological, toxicological, and phytochemical investigations in developing new plant-based drugs used for the treatment of erectile dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Demoze Asmerom
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Mekelle University, P.O. Box 1871, Mekelle, Ethiopia
| | - Tesfay Haile Kalay
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Mekelle University, P.O. Box 1871, Mekelle, Ethiopia
| | - Tsgabu Yohannes Araya
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Mekelle University, P.O. Box 1871, Mekelle, Ethiopia
| | - Desilu Mahari Desta
- Clinical Pharmacy Unit and Research Team, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Mekelle University, P.O. Box 1871, Mekelle, Ethiopia
| | - Dawit Zewdu Wondafrash
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Mekelle University, P.O. Box 1871, Mekelle, Ethiopia
| | - Gebrehiwot Gebremedhin Tafere
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Mekelle University, P.O. Box 1871, Mekelle, Ethiopia
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Idowu S, Adekoya AE, Igiehon OO, Idowu AT. Clove (Syzygium aromaticum) spices: a review on their bioactivities, current use, and potential application in dairy products. JOURNAL OF FOOD MEASUREMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11694-021-00915-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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10
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Barghi B, Shokoohi M, Khaki AA, Khaki A, Moghimian M, Soltani M. Eugenol improves tissue damage and oxidative stress in adult female rats after ovarian torsion/detorsion. J OBSTET GYNAECOL 2021; 41:933-938. [DOI: 10.1080/01443615.2020.1816938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Bita Barghi
- Women’s Reproductive Health Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Majid Shokoohi
- Women’s Reproductive Health Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Amir Afshin Khaki
- Women’s Reproductive Health Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Universitatsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein Campus Lubeck, Lubeck, Germany
| | - Arash Khaki
- Women’s Reproductive Health Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Maryam Moghimian
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran
| | - Malihe Soltani
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran
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Verma S, Yadav A. Rising trends towards the development of oral herbal male contraceptive: an insight review. FUTURE JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.1186/s43094-020-00154-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
AbstractBackgroundAcknowledging population control to be an essential step for global health promotes wide research study in the area of male contraception. Although there are a great number of synthetic contraceptives available in the market, they have plenty of adverse effects. Different potential strategies for male contraception were investigated over a long period time consisting of hormonal, chemical, and immunological interventions, although these methods showed good antifertility results with low failure rates relative to condoms.Main textThis review is based upon the concept of herbal contraceptives which are an effective method for controlling the fertility of animals and humans. This review has highlighted herbal medicinal plants and plant extracts which have been reported to possess significant antifertility action in males. The review considers those plants which are used traditionally for their spermicidal and antispermatogenic activities and imbalance essential hormones for fertility purposes and plants with reported animal studies as well as some with human studies for antifertility effect along with their doses, chemical constituents, and mechanism of action of the antifertility effect of the plants. This review also explains the phases of sperm formation, hormone production, and the mechanism of male contraceptives.ConclusionAs far as the relevance of the current review is discussed, it might be quite useful in generating monographs on plants and recommendations on their use. A lot of the plant species listed here might appear promising as effective alternative oral fertility-regulating agents in males. Therefore, significant research into the chemical and biological properties of such less-explored plants is still needed to determine their contraceptive efficacy and also to possibly define their toxic effects so that these ingredients can be utilized with confidence to regulate male fertility. The new inventions in this field are necessary to concentrate on modern, more potent drugs with less harmful content and that are self-administrable, less costly, and entirely reversible.
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Matta APLF, Leite JPV, Gomes MLM, Morais DB, Carvalho FAR, Otoni WC, Matta SLP. Deleterious effects of Pfaffia glomerata (Spreng.) Pedersen hydroalcoholic extract on the seminiferous epithelium of adult Balb/c mice. Int J Exp Pathol 2020; 101:183-191. [PMID: 32869402 DOI: 10.1111/iep.12363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Revised: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Several plant species such as Pfaffia glomerata are widely used in traditional Brazilian medicine as stimulants and aphrodisiacs. In this regard, the aim of our study was to explore the effects of the long-term intake of the hydro-alcoholic root extract of P glomerata on the germ and somatic cells within the seminiferous tubules in adult Balb/c mice. The experimental groups were placed as: controls (water and DMSO), and treated with 300 and 400 mg/kg of the root extract. The number of germ and somatic cells, the proportion of pathological seminiferous tubules, and the germ cell apoptotic levels were evaluated. The volume and proportion of the seminiferous epithelium was decreased after the extract intake due to the increased germ cell apoptotic levels. Vacuolization of Sertoli cell cytoplasm was observed widely in pathological tubules, along with fully disorganized epithelia, showing multinucleated cells, which lead to decreased daily sperm production. Taken together, our results indicate that long-term intake of the P glomerata caused deleterious effects on spermatogenesis by inducing apoptosis and altering the seminiferous tubule's epithelial dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Paula L F Matta
- Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia Sudeste de Minas Gerais, Barbacena, Brasil
| | - João Paulo V Leite
- Departamento de Bioquímica e de Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Brasil
| | - Marcos L M Gomes
- Departamento de Biologia Estrutural, Universidade Federal do Triângulo Mineiro, Uberaba, Brasil
| | - Danielle B Morais
- Departamento de Morfologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brasil
| | - Fabíola A R Carvalho
- Departamento de Morfologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brasil
| | - Wagner C Otoni
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Brasil
| | - Sérgio L P Matta
- Departmento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Brasil
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Ekhoye EI, Olerimi SE, Ehebha SE. Comparison of the deleterious effects of yaji and cadmium chloride on testicular physiomorphological and oxidative stress status: The gonadoprotective effects of an omega-3 fatty acid. Clin Exp Reprod Med 2020; 47:168-179. [PMID: 32861239 PMCID: PMC7482946 DOI: 10.5653/cerm.2019.03517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective This study investigated testicular oxidative stress status and physiomorphological function in Wistar rats fed with yaji and cadmium chloride (CdCl2). Methods Sixty male albino Wistar rats (12 per group) were randomly assigned to five groups: group I (control), group II (300 mg/kg.bw of yaji), group III (500 mg/kg.bw of yaji), group IV (2.5 mg/kg.bw of CdCl2), and group V (2.5 mg/kg.bw of yaji+4 mg/kg.bw omega-3). Each group was evenly subdivided into two subgroups and treatment was administered for 14 days and 42 days, respectively. Semen quality (sperm count, progressive motility, normal morphology, and gonadosomatic index), hormones (testosterone, follicle-stimulating hormone, and luteinizing hormone), testicular oxidative stress markers (superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and malonaldehyde) and testicular histomorphological features were examined. Results Yaji caused significant (p< 0.05) dose- and duration-dependent reductions in semen quality, the gonadosomatic index, testosterone, follicle-stimulating hormone, and luteinizing hormone. Yaji also caused significant (p< 0.05) dose- and duration-dependent decreases in superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase activity, as well as increased testicular malonaldehyde levels. Yaji induced distortions in the testicular histological architecture. CdCl2 damaged testicular function by significantly (p< 0.05) reducing semen quality, reproductive hormone levels, and oxidative stress markers in albino Wistar rats. CdCl2 also altered the histology of the testis. Conclusion This study shows that yaji sauce has similar anti-fertility effects to those of CdCl2, as it adversely interferes with male reproduction by impairing oxidative stress markers and the function and morphological features of the testis.
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Patel SK, Singh SK. Role of pyroglutamylated RFamide peptide43 in germ cell dynamics in mice testes in relation to energy metabolism. Biochimie 2020; 175:146-158. [PMID: 32504656 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2020.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Revised: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
QRFP is a neuropeptide that regulates glucose homeostasis and increases insulin sensitivity in tissues. We have previously shown that QRFP and its receptor (GPR103) are predominantly expressed in germ cells and Sertoli cells, respectively, in mice testes. In the present study, we report that QRFP caused an increase in PCNA and a decrease in p27Kip1 expressions in the testis under both in vivo and ex vivo conditions. Besides, via an in vivo study, cell cycle analysis by FACS showed an increase in 2C cells and a decrease in 1C cells. QRFP also induced expression of GDNF and phosphorylation of Akt and ERK-1/2. Together these results suggest that QRFP has a proliferative effect on germ cells in mice testes, since it caused a proportional increase in the mitotic activity and the number of spermatogonial cells. Further, observations of increased expressions of STAT-3 and Neurog3 in treated mice suggest that QRFP treatment regulates priming of undifferentiated spermatogonia to undergo differentiation, while a decrease in c-Kit expression indicate that spermatogonia at this time point are in an undifferentiated state. In addition, QRFP administration also caused an increase in intratesticular levels of glucose and lactate, and in LDH activity accompanied by increased expressions of GLUT-3 and LDH-C in the testis. Also, the phosphorylation of IR-β and expressions of p-Akt and p-mTOR were increased under ex vivo conditions in testicular tissue. In conclusion, our findings suggest that QRFP treatment caused proliferation of germ cells independently from the hypothalamic-pituitary axis via regulation of testicular energy metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shishir Kumar Patel
- Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Shio Kumar Singh
- Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India.
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The effects of eugenol nanoemulsion on pain caused by arteriovenous fistula cannulation in hemodialysis patients: A randomized double-blinded controlled cross-over trial. Complement Ther Med 2020; 52:102440. [PMID: 32951708 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctim.2020.102440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2019] [Revised: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Local anesthetic and antinociceptive activity of eugenol, as the main ingredient of clove, was determined in previous researches. This study aimed to assess the efficacy of its topical nanoemulsion gel vs. placebo in controlling pain caused by arteriovenous fistula (AVF) needling in patients undergoing hemodialysis (HD). DESIGN In this double-blinded cross-over trial, the patients were randomly allocated to eugenol gel 4% (n = 34) and placebo gel (n = 34) groups. For each patient, a tip of finger unit of gel was applied 2 cm around the insertion site of hemodialysis needles. After 10 min, AVF needling was done. AVF needling-related pain was assessed using visual analogue scale (VAS) immediately after the puncture. All patients were tested at three different states: (1) before using any intervention; (2) after using either the eugenol or placebo gel; and (3) after crossing over the groups. RESULTS There was a significant difference between the mean of patients' pain severity score in the three states (p = 0.001). It was reported as low as 3.29 ± 0.67 in patients who received eugenol nanoemulsion. Also, the highest pain severity score (5.03 ± 0.57) was reported at the no-intervention state. CONCLUSIONS It seems that topical application of eugenol nanoemulsion may significantly decrease AVF cannulation related pain intensity score in patients undergoing HD. However, further studies with larger sample size and longer intervention period should be done for better judgment on its efficiency and safety.
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Yilmaz‐Oral D, Onder A, Gur S, Carbonell‐Barrachina ÁA, Kaya‐Sezginer E, Oztekin CV, Zor M. The beneficial effect of clove essential oil and its major component, eugenol, on erectile function in diabetic rats. Andrologia 2020; 52:e13606. [DOI: 10.1111/and.13606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Revised: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Didem Yilmaz‐Oral
- Department of Pharmacology Faculty of Pharmacy Cukurova University Adana Turkey
| | - Alev Onder
- Department of Pharmacognosy Faculty of Pharmacy Ankara University Ankara Turkey
| | - Serap Gur
- Department of Pharmacology Faculty of Pharmacy Ankara University Ankara Turkey
| | - Ángel A. Carbonell‐Barrachina
- Department of Agro‐Food Technology Research Group ‘Food Quality and Safety’Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche Alicante Spain
| | - Ecem Kaya‐Sezginer
- Department of Biochemistry Faculty of Pharmacy Ankara University Ankara Turkey
| | - Cetin Volkan Oztekin
- Department of Urology Faculty of Medicine University of Kyrenia Girne‐TRNC, Mersin 10 Turkey
| | - Murat Zor
- Department of Pharmacognosy Faculty of Pharmacy Lokman Hekim University Ankara Turkey
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El-Saber Batiha G, Alkazmi LM, Wasef LG, Beshbishy AM, Nadwa EH, Rashwan EK. Syzygium aromaticum L. (Myrtaceae): Traditional Uses, Bioactive Chemical Constituents, Pharmacological and Toxicological Activities. Biomolecules 2020; 10:E202. [PMID: 32019140 PMCID: PMC7072209 DOI: 10.3390/biom10020202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Herbal medicinal products have been documented as a significant source for discovering new pharmaceutical molecules that have been used to treat serious diseases. Many plant species have been reported to have pharmacological activities attributable to their phytoconstituents such are glycosides, saponins, flavonoids, steroids, tannins, alkaloids, terpenes, etc. Syzygium aromaticum (clove) is a traditional spice that has been used for food preservation and possesses various pharmacological activities. S. aromaticum is rich in many phytochemicals as follows: sesquiterpenes, monoterpenes, hydrocarbon, and phenolic compounds. Eugenyl acetate, eugenol, and β-caryophyllene are the most significant phytochemicals in clove oil. Pharmacologically, S. aromaticum has been examined toward various pathogenic parasites and microorganisms, including pathogenic bacteria, Plasmodium, Babesia, Theileria parasites, Herpes simplex, and hepatitis C viruses. Several reports documented the analgesic, antioxidant, anticancer, antiseptic, anti-depressant, antispasmodic, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, antifungal, and antibacterial activity of eugenol against several pathogenic bacteria including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcusepidermidis and S. aureus. Moreover, eugenol was found to protect against CCl4-induced hepatotoxicity and showed a potential lethal efficacy against the multiplication of various parasites including Giardia lamblia, Fasciolagigantica, Haemonchuscontortus, and Schistosomamansoni. This review examines the phytochemical composition and biological activities of clove extracts along with clove essential oil and the main active compound, eugenol, and implicates new findings from gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC-MS) analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaber El-Saber Batiha
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour 22511, AlBeheira, Egypt;
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Nishi 2-13, Inada-cho, Obihiro 080-8555, Hokkaido, Japan;
| | - Luay M. Alkazmi
- Biology Department, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Lamiaa G. Wasef
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour 22511, AlBeheira, Egypt;
| | - Amany Magdy Beshbishy
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Nishi 2-13, Inada-cho, Obihiro 080-8555, Hokkaido, Japan;
| | - Eman H. Nadwa
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine, Jouf University, Sakaka 72345, Saudi Arabia;
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt
| | - Eman K. Rashwan
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Assuit 71524, Egypt;
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Jouf University, Sakaka 42421, Saudi Arabia
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Singh S, Singh SK. Acute exposure to perfluorononanoic acid in prepubertal mice: Effect on germ cell dynamics and an insight into the possible mechanisms of its inhibitory action on testicular functions. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2019; 183:109499. [PMID: 31398581 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.109499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Revised: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) are anthropogenic compounds used globally in a variety of commercial products. Perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA), a member of PFAAs, is detected in human blood and this has been reported to cause hepatotoxic, immunotoxic, and developmental and testicular toxic effects in laboratory animals. We have recently shown that the acute exposure to PFNA in prepubertal Parkes (P) mice impairs spermatogenesis by inducing oxidative stress and inhibiting testosterone biosynthesis in the testis. The present study was aimed to examine the effect of acute exposure to PFNA in prepubertal P mice on germ cell dynamics and to understand the possible mechanisms of action of this compound on testicular functions. PFNA (2 and 5 mg/kg body weight) was orally administered to male mice for 14 days from postnatal day 25-38. The treatment caused a decrease in overall germ cell transformation. The results also reveal that impairment in testicular functions in treated mice is associated with alterations in cholesterol and glucose homeostasis; further, an inhibition in expressions of growth hormone receptor (GHR), insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF-1R), androgen receptor (AR), phosphorylated mammalian target of rapamycin (p-mTOR) and peroxisome proliferator activated receptor α (PPAR α) in the testis is also implicated in this action. The findings thus suggest involvement of multiple factors which altogether contribute to the alterations in spermatogenic process and testosterone production following acute exposure to PFNA in prepubertal mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilpi Singh
- Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Shio Kumar Singh
- Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India.
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Medicinally Important Herbal Flowers in Sri Lanka. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2019; 2019:2321961. [PMID: 31263504 PMCID: PMC6556806 DOI: 10.1155/2019/2321961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Revised: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Background The plant kingdom is rich with a numerous number of plants with various medical properties which can be used to treat various medical issues. Sri Lanka is a country full of biodiversity which is gifted with many plant resources. It has a rich history of traditional medicine systems consisting of Ayurveda, Unani, and Deshiya Chikitsa, where these plant resources are used as remedies for the diseases. In the traditional medicine system, various plant parts such as leaves, roots, fruits, flowers, and bark are used to treat disease conditions. Although less attention is paid to the medicinal importance of the flowers, some of them have been used to treat many diseases from the ancient time. Some properties of the flowers may differ from the properties of the other plant parts. For example, Sesbania grandiflora (Katuru murunga) flowers have shown anticancer properties against various cell models whereas some flowers have shown antispermatogenic properties. Flowers of Woodfordia floribunda (Militta) are added as fermenting agents in the preparation of Arishtas in Ayurveda. Also the most popular Clove oil is obtained from the flower buds of Syzygium aromaticum (Karabu-neti) which is used to treat toothaches since it has antibiotic and antiseptic properties. This article gives an overview of herbal flowers used in the traditional medicine system of Sri Lanka and their pharmacological importance. Method A comprehensive literature survey was done on the medicinally important flowers in Sri Lanka. Data was collected from Libraries of Ayurveda in Sri Lanka and from scientific databases. Results According to the survey many flowers are used as astringent, cardiac tonic, and febrifuge. Also some flowers are used to treat dysentery, diarrhoea, and indigestion. Some flowers are useful in the treatment of bleeding piles while some are useful in the treatment of asthma and bronchitis. Conclusion It was revealed that there are many flowers with valuable therapeutic effects. Traditional medicine systems prevailing in Sri Lanka have made use of these flowers with therapeutic effects to cure so many diseases. The review of medicinally important herbal flowers provides knowledge and pharmacological leads which will help for the wellbeing of the human beings. Although there are phytochemical studies done to identify the chemical compounds on some flowers, chemical composition of many flowers remains unrevealed. So further studies need to be done to identify the chemical composition of these flowers.
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Nimrouzi M, Jaladat AM, Zarshenas MM. A panoramic view of medicinal plants traditionally applied for impotence and erectile dysfunction in Persian medicine. J Tradit Complement Med 2018; 10:7-12. [PMID: 31956553 PMCID: PMC6957810 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcme.2017.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2017] [Revised: 08/09/2017] [Accepted: 08/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Erectile dysfunction (ED) and impotence are common male sexual problems, and they are highly prevalent in male adults with a history of hypertension or diabetes mellitus. This review aims to bring together the standpoints of the early Persian physicians on these disorders and to identify the respective medication in comparison with conventional contemporary medicine. The main medical and pharmaceutical manuscripts of traditional Persian medicine (TPM) are from 9th-18th century AD. Besides the medieval findings, the current knowledge on ED and impotence, and the related effects of the cited medicinal herbs were studied. In the medieval and traditional literature, male potency is called bāh. According to the TPM approaches, the first step in the mitigation of impotence focuses on the treatment of the main body organs including the heart, brain, and liver. The TPM approaches for diagnosis and treatment include the evaluation of the quality of semen, sexual habit, and quality of urine. The treatment strategies in TPM involve lifestyle modification and prescription of natural medicaments. Many medicinal herbs have been traditionally used for the mitigation of impotency. There could be numerous possibilities for bringing out new natural medicaments with aphrodisiac effects supported by the early medical literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majid Nimrouzi
- Research Center for Traditional Medicine and History of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Department of Traditional Persian Medicine, Shiraz School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Amir-Mohammad Jaladat
- Research Center for Traditional Medicine and History of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Department of Traditional Persian Medicine, Shiraz School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohammad M. Zarshenas
- Department of Phytopharmaceuticals (Traditional Pharmacy), School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Medicinal Plants Processing Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Corresponding author. Department of Phytopharmaceuticals (Traditional Pharmacy), school of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
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Joshi D, Sarkar D, Singh SK. The hypothalamic neuropeptide orexin A- a possible regulator in glucose homeostasis and germ cell kinetics in adult mice testes. Biochimie 2018; 152:94-109. [PMID: 29964087 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2018.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Orexin A (OXA), a hypothalamic neuropeptide, regulates food intake, sleep-wake cycle and energy balance by binding to its receptor (OX1R). Apart from brain, OXA and OX1R are also present in peripheral organs including reproductive tissues. Mammalian reproduction depends on uptake and proper utilization of glucose in the testes. This study, therefore, examined role of OXA/OX1R system in regulation of glucose homeostasis in adult mouse testis under in vivo and ex vivo conditions. Binding of OXA to OX1R was blocked using an OX1R antagonist, SB-334867. Mice were given a single bilateral intratesticular injection of the antagonist at doses of 4 and 12μg/mouse and sacrificed 24 h post-injection. In order to understand the direct role of OXA in testes of adult mice, an ex vivo experiment was performed where binding of OXA to OX1R in the testis was blocked by using the same OX1R antagonist. The antagonist treatment affected testicular glucose and lactate concentration with concomitant down-regulation in the expression of glucose transporters 3 and 8. A decreased activity in lactate dehydrogenase enzyme and imbalance between germ cell survival and proliferation were also noted in testes in treated mice. The results of ex vivo study supported the results obtained from in vivo study. The findings thus suggest involvement of OXA/OX1R system in regulation of testicular glucose homeostasis and germ cell kinetics in adult mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepanshu Joshi
- Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Debarshi Sarkar
- Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Shio Kumar Singh
- Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India.
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Mishra RK, Jain A, Singh SK. Profertility effects of Shilajit on cadmium-induced infertility in male mice. Andrologia 2018; 50:e13064. [PMID: 29947420 DOI: 10.1111/and.13064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Revised: 05/03/2018] [Accepted: 05/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Shilajit is claimed as a Vajikarak (aphrodisiac) and used for the treatment of male infertility by traditional healers of the Indian subcontinent. Therefore, the present investigation was designed to assess the effectiveness of Shilajit for treatment of male infertility resulting from exposure to perilous chemicals. Effect of daily oral administration (p.o.) of Shilajit (50 mg, 100 mg and 200 mg/Kg BW) was investigated for a single spermatogenic cycle (35 days) in cadmium-induced (2 mg/Kg BW, p.o. for 35 days) infertile adult (12-14 week) swiss male mice. Shilajit treatment increased weights of reproductive organs, testicular daily sperm production, activities of testicular Δ5 3β-HSD and 17 β-HSD enzymes and serum level of testosterone. Histopathological evaluation of testis revealed that Shilajit restored spermatogenesis as reflected by a gradual augmentation in germ cell layers with increased doses of Shilajit compared to cadmium-treated mice. Further, Shilajit treatment reverted back the adverse effects of cadmium on motility and concentration of spermatozoa. Secretory activities of the epididymis and seminal vesicle and libido, fertility and the number of litters per female were also improved by Shilajit in cadmium-treated mice. Results thus suggest the potent androgenic nature of Shilajit and its role in fertility improvement against cadmium-induced infertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raghav Kumar Mishra
- Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ashish Jain
- Department of Microbiology, Smt. Chandibai Himathmal Mansukhani College, University of Mumbai, Ulhasnagar, Thane, India
| | - Shio Kumar Singh
- Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Sarkar D, Singh SK. Inhibition of testicular steroidogenesis and impaired differentiation of Sertoli cells in peripubertal mice offspring following maternal exposure to BDE-209 during lactation suppress germ cell proliferation. Toxicol Lett 2018; 290:83-96. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2018.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2017] [Revised: 02/21/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Standardized extract of Bacopa monnieri (CDRI-08): Effect on germ cell dynamics and possible mechanisms of its beneficial action on spermatogenesis and sperm quality in male mice. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 494:34-41. [PMID: 29054405 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.10.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Bacopa monnieri (BM) is used in traditional medicine as nerve tonic. We have recently shown that CDRI-08, a standardized extract of BM, improves testicular functions and epididymal sperm quality in Parkes (P) mice. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of CDRI-08 on germ cell dynamics and mechanisms of its action on spermatogenesis and sperm quality in P mice, and to determine the chemical profile of the extract. CDRI-08 (40 and 80 mg/kg body weight) was orally administered to male mice for 28 days. Germ cell dynamics, oxidative stress parameters in testis and sperm, and expressions of nuclear factor-erythroid-2-related factor-2 (Nrf2), phosphorylated protein kinase B (p-Akt) and upstream kinases in mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway namely MAP2K1, MAP2K2 and MKK4 in the testis were evaluated. The treatment potentiated germ cell dynamics and improved sperm quality by enhancing antioxidant enzymes activities. The beneficial effects of CDRI-08 in the testis involve p-Akt-mediated activation of Nrf2, thereby enhancing antioxidant enzymes activities; upregulation of MAP2K1 and MAP2K2 and suppression of MKK4 are also implicated in this action. A total of 26 phytocomponents were identified in CDRI-08 by GC-MS. The results suggest that CDRI-08 also may prove useful in improving reproductive health in males.
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Sharma A, Flores-Vallejo RDC, Cardoso-Taketa A, Villarreal ML. Antibacterial activities of medicinal plants used in Mexican traditional medicine. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2017; 208:264-329. [PMID: 27155134 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2016.04.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2015] [Revised: 04/24/2016] [Accepted: 04/25/2016] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE We provide an extensive summary of the in vitro antibacterial properties of medicinal plants popularly used in Mexico to treat infections, and we discuss the ethnomedical information that has been published for these species. MATERIALS AND METHODS We carried out a bibliographic investigation by analyzing local and international peer-reviewed papers selected by consulting internationally accepted scientific databases from 1995 to 2014. We provide specific information about the evaluated plant parts, the type of extracts, the tested bacterial strains, and the inhibitory concentrations for each one of the species. We recorded the ethnomedical information for the active species, as well as their popular names and local distribution. Information about the plant compounds that has been identified is included in the manuscript. This review also incorporates an extensive summary of the available toxicological reports on the recorded species, as well as the worldwide registries of plant patents used for treating bacterial infections. In addition, we provide a list with the top plant species with antibacterial activities in this review RESULTS: We documented the in vitro antibacterial activities of 343 plant species pertaining to 92 botanical families against 72 bacterial species, focusing particularly on Staphylococcus aureus, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The plant families Asteraceae, Fabaceae, Lamiaceae and Euphorbiaceae included the largest number of active species. Information related to popular uses reveals that the majority of the plants, in addition to treating infections, are used to treat other conditions. The distribution of Mexican plants extended from those that were reported to grow in just one state to those that grow in all 32 Mexican states. From 75 plant species, 225 compounds were identified. Out of the total plant species, only 140 (40.57%) had at least one report about their toxic effects. From 1994 to July 2014 a total of 11,836 worldwide antibacterial patents prepared from different sources were recorded; only 36 antibacterial patents from plants were registered over the same time period. We offered some insights on the most important findings regarding the antibacterial effects, current state of the art, and research perspectives of top plant species with antibacterial activities in vitro. CONCLUSIONS Studies of the antibacterial in vitro activity of medicinal plants popularly used in Mexico to treat infections indicate that both the selection of plant material and the investigation methodologies vary. Standardized experimental procedures as well as in vivo pharmacokinetic studies to document the effectiveness of plant extracts and compounds are necessary. This review presents extensive information about the medicinal plants possessing antibacterial activity that has been scientifically studied and are popularly used in Mexico. We anticipate that this review will be of use for future studies because it constitutes a valuable information tool for selecting the most significant plants and their potential antibacterial properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashutosh Sharma
- Escuela de Ingeniería en Alimentos, Biotecnología y Agronomía (ESIABA), Tecnológico de Monterrey, Campus Querétaro, México
| | - Rosario Del Carmen Flores-Vallejo
- Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Avenida Universidad 1001, Col. Chamilpa, Cuernavaca Morelos 62209, México
| | - Alexandre Cardoso-Taketa
- Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Avenida Universidad 1001, Col. Chamilpa, Cuernavaca Morelos 62209, México
| | - María Luisa Villarreal
- Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Avenida Universidad 1001, Col. Chamilpa, Cuernavaca Morelos 62209, México
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Choi D, Lee SJ, Lee MH, Lee DK. Bitter Melon Seed Extract does not Alter Photoperiodic Effects on Reproduction of Male Golden Hamsters. Dev Reprod 2017; 21:215-221. [PMID: 28785742 PMCID: PMC5532313 DOI: 10.12717/dr.2017.21.2.215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2017] [Revised: 06/08/2017] [Accepted: 06/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Bitter melon (Momordica charantia, MC) has been used in
traditional Korean medicine in treating diabetes. In addition, some reports were
emerged, showing the antifertility activities of MC in mammals. We investigated
the effects of ethanolic MC extract on the reproductive activity of golden
hamsters whose spermatogenetic capacity is controlled by their photoperiods. The
animals were divided into 4 groups: long photoperiod (LP) control, short
photoperiod (SP) control, and LP animals treated with MC. The animals were
orally ingested with low (0.03 g/kg) or high (0.15 g/kg) concentrations of the
ethanolic extracts for 8 weeks on the daily basis. The control animals received
the vehicle. The animals were then mated with age-matched females, experienced
pregnancy. As results, the LP control animals showed active large testes but SP
control animals displayed remarkably reduced testes. The animals treated with
both concentrations of MC extracts demonstrated large testes, indicating fertile
activity as animals in LP. LP control animals had litters as expected, but SP
controls had no litters at all. MC extract showed the same results as LP animals
in generating offsprings. These results suggest that the MC extract does not
change the photoperiodic influence on reproductive activity of male golden
hamsters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donchan Choi
- Department of Life Science, College of Environmental Sciences, Yong-In University, Yongin 17092, Korea
| | - Su Ji Lee
- Department of Life Science, College of Environmental Sciences, Yong-In University, Yongin 17092, Korea
| | - Min Hyuck Lee
- Department of Life Science, College of Environmental Sciences, Yong-In University, Yongin 17092, Korea
| | - Dong Kyu Lee
- Department of Life Science, College of Environmental Sciences, Yong-In University, Yongin 17092, Korea
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Nejatbakhsh F, Shirbeigi L, Rahimi R, Abolhassani H. Review of local herbal compounds found in the Iranian traditional medicine known to optimise male fertility. Andrologia 2017; 48:850-9. [PMID: 27681643 DOI: 10.1111/and.12675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The male reproductive function can be influenced by many different factors, including genetic, environmental and socioeconomic parameters leading to a progressive decline. However, the cause of infertility cannot be found in a significant proportion of couples, and even with the presence of the sign of testicular dysfunction or obstructive azoospermia, the main aetiology is not identified. In the absence of knowledge about predisposing factor, targeted therapeutic modalities for male infertility may not be possible, and a wide variety of empiric drug approaches, even with low scientific evidence, have been utilised in current conventional medicine. According to the recently updated reports of the European Association of Urology guidelines on male infertility, the implication of previous recommendations and complementary alternative medicine based on the old literature has been suggested to improve a multifaceted integrative therapeutic approach for this disease. We have reviewed the potential herbal active compounds optimising male fertility, according to the principles of Iranian traditional medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Nejatbakhsh
- Department of Iranian Traditional Medicine, School of Traditional Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - L Shirbeigi
- Department of Iranian Traditional Medicine, School of Traditional Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - R Rahimi
- Department of Traditional Pharmacy, School of Traditional Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - H Abolhassani
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Pediatrics Center of Excellence, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. .,Complementary Alternative Medicine Research Group, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Sarkar D, Chowdhury JP, Singh SK. Effect of polybrominated diphenyl ether (BDE-209) on testicular steroidogenesis and spermatogenesis through altered thyroid status in adult mice. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2016; 239:50-61. [PMID: 26602377 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2015.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2015] [Revised: 11/10/2015] [Accepted: 11/15/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), a class of brominated flame retardants (BFRs), have been widely used in many products to minimize the risk of fire, mainly by mixing in polymer products. BDE-209, a congener of PBDEs having structural similarity with thyroid hormones, acts as an endocrine disruptor by interfering with thyroid homeostasis. However, little is known about the effect of BDE-209 exposure on testicular steroidogenesis and spermatogenesis. This study was therefore conducted in adult mice to examine the effect of BDE-209 on testicular steroidogenesis and spermatogenesis in relation to thyroid status, and to explore possible mechanism(s) of its action. Adult Parkes strain male mice were orally gavaged with 750 and 950mg/kg BW of BDE-209 in corn oil for 35days. Significant reductions were noted in the levels of serum total T3, T4 and testosterone in mice treated with 950mg/kg BW of BDE-209 compared to controls; histologically, testes showed nonuniform degenerative changes in the seminiferous tubules as both affected and normal tubules were observed in the same section; further, number and viability of spermatozoa were also adversely affected in cauda epididymidis of these mice. Semiquantitative RT-PCR and western blot analyses also showed significant reductions in both testicular mRNA and protein levels of steroidogenic factor 1 (SF-1), steroidogenic acute regulatory (StAR) protein, cytochrome P450scc (CYP11A1), 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3β-HSD) and 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (17β-HSD) in 950mg dose treated-mice compared to controls. Immunohistochemical and immunoblot analyses further revealed a marked decrease in proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) positive cells in testes of 950mg dose of BDE-209-treated mice. However, 750mg dose of BDE-209 had no effect on the above parameters. In conclusion, our results suggest that exposure of BDE-209 to adult mice causes reduction in serum levels of thyroid hormones and altered thyroid status may partly result into impairment of testicular steroidogenesis because of down-regulated expression of SF-1, thereby causing suppression of spermatogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debarshi Sarkar
- Department of Zoology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | | | - Shio Kumar Singh
- Department of Zoology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India.
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Islamuddin M, Chouhan G, Want MY, Ozbak HA, Hemeg HA, Afrin F. Immunotherapeutic Potential of Eugenol Emulsion in Experimental Visceral Leishmaniasis. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2016; 10:e0005011. [PMID: 27776125 PMCID: PMC5077126 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0005011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2016] [Accepted: 08/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The therapy of visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is limited by resistance, toxicity and decreased bioavailability of the existing drugs coupled with dramatic increase in HIV-co-infection, non-availability of vaccines and down regulation of cell-mediated immunity (CMI). Thus, we envisaged combating the problem with plant-derived antileishmanial drug that could concomitantly mitigate the immune suppression of the infected hosts. Several plant-derived compounds have been found to exert leishmanicidal activity via immunomodulation. In this direction, we investigated the antileishmanial activity of eugenol emulsion (EE), complemented with its immunomodulatory and therapeutic efficacy in murine model of VL. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Oil-in-water emulsion of eugenol (EE) was prepared and size measured by dynamic light scattering (DLS). EE exhibited significant leishmanicidal activity with 50% inhibitory concentration of 8.43±0.96 μg ml-1 and 5.05±1.72 μg ml─1, respectively against the promastigotes and intracellular amastigotes of Leishmania donovani. For in vivo effectiveness, EE was administered intraperitoneally (25, 50 and 75 mg/kg b.w./day for 10 days) to 8 week-infected BALB/c mice. The cytotoxicity of EE was assessed in RAW 264.7 macrophages as well as in naive mice. EE induced a significant drop in hepatic and splenic parasite burdens as well as diminution in spleen and liver weights 10 days post-treatment, with augmentation of 24h-delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) response and high IgG2a:IgG1, mirroring induction of CMI. Enhanced IFN-γ and IL-2 levels, with fall in disease-associated Th2 cytokines (IL-4 and IL-10) detected by flow cytometric bead-based array, substantiated the Th1 immune signature. Lymphoproliferation and nitric oxide release were significantly elevated upon antigen revoke in vitro. The immune-stimulatory activity of EE was further corroborated by expansion of IFN-γ producing CD4+ and CD8+ splenic T lymphocytes and up-regulation of CD80 and CD86 on peritoneal macrophages. EE treated groups exhibited induction of CD8+ central memory T cells as evidenced from CD62L and CD44 expression. No biochemical alterations in hepatic and renal enzymes were observed. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrate antileishmanial activity of EE, potentiated by Th1 immunostimulation without adverse side effects. The Th1 immune polarizing effect may help to alleviate the depressed CMI and hence complement the leishmanicidal activity.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibodies, Protozoan/blood
- Antiprotozoal Agents/therapeutic use
- Cell Line
- Cytokines/blood
- Cytokines/immunology
- Disease Models, Animal
- Emulsions
- Eugenol/adverse effects
- Eugenol/chemistry
- Eugenol/pharmacology
- Eugenol/therapeutic use
- Female
- Hypersensitivity, Delayed
- Immunity, Cellular
- Immunomodulation
- Injections, Intraperitoneal
- Interleukin-10/blood
- Interleukin-10/genetics
- Interleukin-2/blood
- Interleukin-2/genetics
- Interleukin-4/blood
- Interleukin-4/genetics
- Leishmania donovani/drug effects
- Leishmania donovani/immunology
- Leishmaniasis, Visceral/immunology
- Leishmaniasis, Visceral/parasitology
- Leishmaniasis, Visceral/therapy
- Liver/parasitology
- Lymphocyte Activation/drug effects
- Macrophages, Peritoneal/drug effects
- Macrophages, Peritoneal/parasitology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Nitric Oxide/metabolism
- Spleen/parasitology
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Islamuddin
- Parasite Immunology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University), New Delhi, India
| | - Garima Chouhan
- Parasite Immunology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University), New Delhi, India
| | - Muzamil Yaqub Want
- Parasite Immunology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University), New Delhi, India
| | - Hani A. Ozbak
- Department of Medical Laboratories Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Taibah University, Medina, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Hassan A. Hemeg
- Department of Medical Laboratories Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Taibah University, Medina, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Farhat Afrin
- Department of Medical Laboratories Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Taibah University, Medina, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- * E-mail: ,
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Abstract
Plants and their extracts are the new field of interest for many scientists and also of some pharmaceutical industries. In order to provide more information for their usage in the prevention and treatment of diseases many clinical trials and researches are being carried out. In this review the biological activities and the mechanism of action of volatile phenylpropanoids (PPs) found in essential oils (EOs) are presented. The aim of this overview is to show that volatile PPs found in EOs can exert many of the biological activities which are generally attributed to EOs. Almost all of the PPs possess antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory and anticancer activities. These are related to the different substitution of the phenylpropane molecule. For each isolated group not only one, but more pharmacological activities can be credited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radmila Ilijeva
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Gerhard Buchbauer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
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Vijayasteltar L, Nair GG, Maliakel B, Kuttan R, I.M. K. Safety assessment of a standardized polyphenolic extract of clove buds: Subchronic toxicity and mutagenicity studies. Toxicol Rep 2016; 3:439-449. [PMID: 28959566 PMCID: PMC5615916 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2016.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2016] [Revised: 04/05/2016] [Accepted: 04/05/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the various reports on the toxicity of clove oil and its major component eugenol, systematic evaluations on the safety of polyphenolic extracts of clove buds have not been reported. Considering the health beneficial pharmacological effects and recent use of clove polyphenols as dietary supplements, the present study investigated the safety of a standardized polyphenolic extract of clove buds (Clovinol), as assessed by oral acute (5 g/kg b.wt. for 14 days) and subchronic (0.25, 0.5 and 1 g/kg b.wt. for 90 days) toxicity studies on Wistar rats and mutagenicity studies employing Salmonella typhimurium strains. Administration of Clovinol did not result in any toxicologically significant changes in clinical/behavioural observations, ophthalmic examinations, body weights, organ weights, feed consumption, urinalysis, hematology and clinical biochemistry parameters when compared to the untreated control group of animals, indicating the no observed-adverse-effect level (NOAEL) as 1000 mg/kg b.wt./day; the highest dose tested. Terminal necropsy did not reveal any treatment-related histopathology changes. Clovinol did not show genotoxicity when tested on TA-98, TA-100 and TA-102 with or without metabolic activation; rather exhibited significant antimutagenic potential against the known mutagens, sodium azide, NPD and tobacco as well as against 2-acetamidoflourene, which needed metabolic activation for mutagenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Balu Maliakel
- Akay Flavours & Aromatics Pvt. Ltd., Malayidamthuruthu PO, Cochin 683561, India
| | - Ramadasan Kuttan
- Amala Cancer Research Centre, Amala Nagar PO, Trichur 680555, India
| | - Krishnakumar I.M.
- Akay Flavours & Aromatics Pvt. Ltd., Malayidamthuruthu PO, Cochin 683561, India
- Corresponding author at: R & D Centre, Akay Flavours & Aromatics Pvt. Ltd., Ambunadu, Malaidamthuruth PO, Cochin 683561, India.Akay Flavours & Aromatics Pvt. Ltd.,Malayidamthuruthu POCochin683561India
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Saalu LC. Nigerian Folklore Medicinal Plants with Potential Antifertility Activity in Males: A Scientific Appraisal. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.3923/rjmp.2016.201.227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Mishra RK, Singh SK. Biphasic effect of Syzygium aromaticum flower bud on reproductive physiology of male mice. Andrologia 2016; 48:923-932. [PMID: 26840772 DOI: 10.1111/and.12533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The flower buds of Syzygium aromaticum (clove) have been used for the treatment of male sexual disorders in indigenous medicines of Indian subcontinent. Therefore to evaluate the efficacy of Syzygium aromaticum on the male reproductive health, chronic oral exposure of aqueous extract of flower buds of Syzygium in three doses (15 mg, 30 mg and 60 mg kg-1 BW) were studied for a single spermatogenic cycle (35 days) in Parkes (P) strain mice. Lower dose (15 mg) of Syzygium aromaticum flower buds increased serum testosterone level and testicular hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (HSD) activities and improved sperm motility, sperm morphology, secretory activity of epididymis and seminal vesicle, and number of litters per female. On the other hand, higher doses (30 and 60 mg) of the treatment adversely affected above parameters. Further, higher doses of the extract also had adverse effects on daily sperm production, 1C cell population and on histology of testis. In conclusion, Syzygium aromaticum flower buds extract exhibits biphasic effect on reproductive physiology of male mice. Lower dose of Syzygium aromaticum flower bud extract is androgenic in nature and may have a viable future as an indigenous sexual rejuvenator, while higher doses adversely affected functional physiology of reproductive organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- R K Mishra
- Department of Zoology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India.,Department of Zoology, Smt. Chandibai Himathmal Mansukhani College, University of Mumbai, Ulhasnagar, Thane, Maharashtra, India
| | - S K Singh
- Department of Zoology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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Singh N, Singh SK. Aqueous fruit extract of Mimusops elengi causes reversible suppression of spermatogenesis and fertility in male mice. Andrologia 2016; 48:807-16. [PMID: 27489141 DOI: 10.1111/and.12516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Antifertility efficacy of oral administration of aqueous fruit extract of Mimusops elengi (200, 400 and 600 mg kg(-1) body weight/day for 35 days) was evaluated in Parkes strain male mice. Various reproductive end points such as histopathology, sperm parameters, testosterone level, haematology, serum biochemistry and fertility indices were assessed; activities of 3β- and 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases, and immunoblot expressions of StAR and P450scc in the testis were also assessed. Histologically, testes in Mimusops-treated mice showed nonuniform and diverse degenerative changes in the seminiferous tubules; both affected and normal tubules were observed in the same sections of testis. The treatment had adverse effects on testicular hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases and StAR and P450scc, serum level of testosterone and on motility, viability and number of spermatozoa in cauda epididymis. However, serum levels of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase and creatinine, and haematological parameters were not affected by the treatment. Also, libido was not affected in treated males, but their fertility was markedly suppressed. By 56 days of treatment withdrawal, the alterations caused in the above parameters recovered to control levels, suggesting that Mimusops treatment causes reversible suppression of spermatogenesis and fertility in Parkes mice. Further, there were no detectable signs of toxicity in treated males.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Singh
- Department of Zoology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - S K Singh
- Department of Zoology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
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Singh N, Singh SK. Citrus limonextract: possible inhibitory mechanisms affecting testicular functions and fertility in male mice. Syst Biol Reprod Med 2015; 62:39-48. [DOI: 10.3109/19396368.2015.1078422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Choi D, Roh HS, Kang DW, Lee JS. The Potential Regressive Role of Syzygium aromaticum on the Reproduction of Male Golden Hamsters. Dev Reprod 2015; 18:57-64. [PMID: 25949172 PMCID: PMC4282266 DOI: 10.12717/dr.2014.18.1.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2014] [Revised: 02/07/2014] [Accepted: 02/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The flower buds of Syzygium aromaticum (clove) have been used as traditional medicine for the treatment of male sexual disorders in Asian countries. Recently, there are some reports about the effects of the clove on reproductive activities in mammals. Therefore, its effect on testicular function was examined in male golden hamsters whose reproductive activity is inhibited by photoperiod such as winter climate. The male animals were given by daily oral administrations (56 consecutive days) in three doses (4 mg, 20 mg, and 100 mg/kg BW) of the alcoholic extract of the clove. Generally lower dose (4 mg) of the extract continued to keep the reproductive activities of testes. The both middle and high doses (20 mg and 100 mg) of the extract completely inhibited the testicular activity in some animals. Taken together, these results suggest a possible biphasic action of alcoholic extract of Syzygium aromaticum flower bud on testicular function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donchan Choi
- Department of Life Science, College of Environmental Sciences, Yong-In University, Yongin 449-714, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Soo Roh
- Department of Life Science, College of Environmental Sciences, Yong-In University, Yongin 449-714, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Won Kang
- Department of Life Science, College of Environmental Sciences, Yong-In University, Yongin 449-714, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Seok Lee
- Department of Life Science, College of Environmental Sciences, Yong-In University, Yongin 449-714, Republic of Korea
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Mahomoodally MF, Sreekeesoon DP. A quantitative ethnopharmacological documentation of natural pharmacological agents used by pediatric patients in Mauritius. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:136757. [PMID: 24949418 PMCID: PMC4052514 DOI: 10.1155/2014/136757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2014] [Accepted: 04/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The pediatric population constitutes the most vulnerable patients due to a dearth of approved drugs. Consequently, there is a pressing need to probe novel natural pharmacological agents in an endeavour to develop new drugs to address pediatric illnesses. To date, no studies have explored the use of natural therapies for pediatric health care in Mauritius. Parents (n = 325) from different regions of the island were interviewed. Quantitative indexes such as fidelity level (FL), informant consensus factor (F IC), and use-value (UV) were calculated. Thirty-two plants were reported to be used by pediatric patients. Gastrointestinal disorders (F IC = 0.97) encompassing regurgitation, infantile colic, and stomach aches were the most common ailments managed with herbs. Matricaria chamomilla used for infantile colic and its pharmacological properties has previously been documented for pediatric patients. Product from A. mellifera (UV = 0.75) was the most utilized zootherapy for managing cough. Most plants and animal products reported in this study have bioactive constituents supported by existing scientific literature but their use for the pediatric population is scant. The present ethnopharmacological study has opened new perspectives for further research into their pharmacology, which can subsequently support and facilitate timely pediatric medicinal product development.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Fawzi Mahomoodally
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Mauritius, 230 Réduit, Mauritius
| | - D. Priyamka Sreekeesoon
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Mauritius, 230 Réduit, Mauritius
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Islamuddin M, Sahal D, Afrin F. Apoptosis-like death in Leishmania donovani promastigotes induced by eugenol-rich oil of Syzygium aromaticum. J Med Microbiol 2013; 63:74-85. [PMID: 24161990 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.064709-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Leishmaniasis consists of a complex spectrum of infectious diseases with worldwide distribution of which visceral leishmaniasis or kala-azar caused by Leishmania donovani is the most devastating. In the absence of vaccines, chemotherapy remains the mainstay for the control of leishmaniasis. The drugs of choice are expensive and associated with multiple adverse side effects. Because of these limitations, the development of new antileishmanial compounds is imperative and plants offer prospects in this regard. The present work was conducted to study the antileishmanial potential of oil from Syzygium aromaticum flower buds (clove). The S. aromaticum oil was characterized by gas chromatography and GC-MS and eugenol as well as eugenyl acetate were found to be the most abundant compounds, composing 59.75 % and 29.24 %, respectively of the oil. Our findings have shown that eugenol-rich essential oil from S. aromaticum (EROSA) possesses significant activity against L. donovani, with 50 % inhibitory concentration of 21 ± 0.16 µg ml(-1) and 15.24 ± 0.14 µg ml(-1), respectively, against promastigotes and intracellular amastigotes. Alterations in cellular morphology and growth reversibility assay substantiated the leishmanicidal activity of EROSA. The leishmanicidal effect was mediated via apoptosis as confirmed by externalization of phosphatidylserine, DNA nicking by TdT-mediated dUTP nick-end labelling (TUNEL) assay, dyskinetoplastidy, cell cycle arrest at sub-G0-G1 phase, loss of mitochondrial membrane potential and reactive oxygen species generation. EROSA presented no adverse cytotoxic effects against murine macrophages even at 200 µg ml(-1). Our studies authenticate the promising antileishmanial activity of EROSA, which is mediated by programmed cell death, and, accordingly, EROSA may be a source of novel agents for the treatment of leishmaniasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Islamuddin
- Parasite Immunology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University), New Delhi 110 062, India
| | - Dinkar Sahal
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110 067, India
| | - Farhat Afrin
- Parasite Immunology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University), New Delhi 110 062, India
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Mishra RK, Singh SK. Reproductive effects of lipid soluble components of Syzygium aromaticum flower bud in male mice. J Ayurveda Integr Med 2013; 4:94-8. [PMID: 23930041 PMCID: PMC3737453 DOI: 10.4103/0975-9476.113870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2012] [Revised: 12/26/2012] [Accepted: 03/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The flower buds of Syzygium aromaticum (clove) have been used in indigenous medicines for the treatment of male sexual disorders in Indian subcontinent. Objective: To evaluate the effect of Syzygium aromaticum flower bud on male reproduction, using Parkes (P) strain mice as animal model. Materials and Methods: Mice were orally administered lipid soluble components of Syzygium aromaticum flower bud in doses of 15, 30, and 60 mg/kg body weight for 35 days, and several male reproductive endpoints were evaluated. Results: Treatment with lower dose (15 mg) of Syzygium increased the motility of sperm and stimulated the secretory activities of epididymis and seminal vesicle, while higher doses (30 and 60 mg) had adverse effects on sperm dynamics of cauda epididymidis and on the secretory activities of epididymis and seminal vesicle. Libido was not affected in treated males; however, a significant decrease in litter in females sired by males treated with higher doses of Syzygium was recorded. Conclusion: Treatment with Syzygium aromaticum flower bud causes dose-dependent biphasic effect on male reproductive indices in P mice; lower dose of Syzygium appears stimulatory, while the higher doses have adverse effect on male reproduction. The results suggest that the lower dose of Syzygium may have androgenic effect, but further studies are needed to support this contention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raghav Kumar Mishra
- Department of Zoology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India ; Department of Zoology, Smt Chandibai Himathmal Mansukhani College, Ulhasnagar, Thane, Maharashtra, India
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Singh R, Ali A, Singh S. Current Status of Indian Medicinal Plants with Aphrodisiac Potential. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.5567/pharmacologia.2013.276.284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Singh R, Ali A, Jeyabalan G, Semwal A. Current status of Indian medicinal plants with aphrodisiac potential. JOURNAL OF ACUTE DISEASE 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/s2221-6189(13)60088-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
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Ogbuewu IP, Unamba-Oparah IC, Odoemenam VU, Etuk IF, Okoli IC. The potentiality of medicinal plants as the source of new contraceptive principles in males. NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCES 2012; 3:255-63. [PMID: 22540095 PMCID: PMC3336916 DOI: 10.4297/najms.2011.3250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Rising human population throughout the world especially in developing and underdeveloped countries has detrimental effects on life supporting system on earth. Traditionally, plants have been used to treat different kinds of ailments. The growing importance of phytochemicals in males has been reported. Contraceptive ability of plants has been reported in several animal models. The reversibility of the anti-fertility effects of plants and its active compounds are of potential clinical relevance in the development of male contraceptive. This review attempts to discuss the latest reports on the potentiality of medicinal plants as the source of new contraceptive principles in males.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ifeanyi Princewill Ogbuewu
- Animal physiology Laboratory, Department of Animal Science and Technology, Federal University of Technology, P.M.B.1526, Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria
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Balaji V, Williams AA, Sathish S, Mayilvanan C, Narasimhan A, Balasubramanian K. Antidiabetic Potentials of a Novel Polyherbal Preparation Formulated According to Principles of Siddha System of Medicine. J Evid Based Complementary Altern Med 2012. [DOI: 10.1177/2156587212451027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
According to the principles of Siddha system of medicine, the following polyherbal preparation consisting of 5 plant parts in equal ratio namely, Asparagus racemosus, Emblica officinalis, Salacia oblonga, Syzygium aromaticum, and Tinospora cordifolia was formulated to treat experimental type 2 diabetic rats. So, using plants having aphrodisiac property in the formulation is a rational approach and first of its kind, as there have been no reports so far. Phenolics and other bioactive compounds present in polyherbal preparation may be responsible for lipid-lowering effects and strong antioxidant activity. Polyherbal preparation treatment reverted the activities of glycolytic and gluconeogenic enzymes that are disturbed in diabetic rats. It is concluded that polyherbal preparation treatment improves deranged lipid profile, antioxidant status, glycogen content, and decreases lipid peroxidation, which provides stability to membrane integrity and thus favors insulin receptor to achieve better glucose tolerance through a holistic approach.
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Patel DK, Kumar R, Prasad SK, Hemalatha S. Pharmacologically screened aphrodisiac plant-A review of current scientific literature. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/s2221-1691(11)60140-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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Al-Sohaibani S, Murugan K, Lakshimi G, Anandraj K. Xerophilic aflatoxigenic black tea fungi and their inhibition by Elettaria cardamomum and Syzygium aromaticum extracts. Saudi J Biol Sci 2011; 18:387-94. [PMID: 23961151 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2011.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2011] [Revised: 06/26/2011] [Accepted: 06/27/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Black tea is consumed worldwide and is believed to play a role in cancer prevention. Xerophilic aflatoxigenic fungi are highly hazardous contaminants of tea since they are associated with tea quality impairment and human health risk. The present study reports isolation of such xerophilic and aflatoxigenic fungi associated with marketed tea. Twenty different tea samples collected from the local markets of Tamilnadu, India were investigated for fungal contamination. The results indicated contamination by 0.38% Aspergillus flavus. Other common contaminant fungi including Penicillium spp. (0.30%), Pacelomyces spp. (0.14%), and Mucor spp. (0.19%) were also isolated. Amongst the fungi isolated Aspergillus niger ML01 and A. flavus ML02 were found to be xerophilic aflatoxigenic mycoflora. Phylogenetic analysis based on 28S rRNA revealed their close ancestry. The chloroform and acetone extracts of spices Elettaria cardamomum and Syzygium aromaticum exhibited antifungal inhibitory activity on growth and toxin elaboration of both these xerophilic tea contaminants A. niger ML01 and A. flavus ML02. The results advocate the use of these spices plant or their extracts as novel antimicrobials which may add preservation and flavour in marketed tea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saleh Al-Sohaibani
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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Santin JR, Lemos M, Klein-Júnior LC, Machado ID, Costa P, de Oliveira AP, Tilia C, de Souza JP, de Sousa JPB, Bastos JK, de Andrade SF. Gastroprotective activity of essential oil of the Syzygium aromaticum and its major component eugenol in different animal models. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2010; 383:149-58. [PMID: 21140134 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-010-0582-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2010] [Accepted: 11/15/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Gupta M. Pharmacological Properties and Traditional Therapeutic Uses of Important Indian Spices: A Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD PROPERTIES 2010. [DOI: 10.1080/10942910902963271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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D'Cruz SC, Vaithinathan S, Jubendradass R, Mathur PP. Effects of plants and plant products on the testis. Asian J Androl 2010; 12:468-79. [PMID: 20562897 DOI: 10.1038/aja.2010.43] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
For centuries, plants and plant-based products have been used as a valuable and safe natural source of medicines for treating various ailments. The therapeutic potential of most of these plants could be ascribed to their anticancer, antidiabetic, hepatoprotective, cardioprotective, antispasmodic, analgesic and various other pharmacological properties. However, several commonly used plants have been reported to adversely affect male reproductive functions in wildlife and humans. The effects observed with most of the plant and plant-based products have been attributed to the antispermatogenic and/or antisteroidogenic properties of one or more active ingredients. This review discusses the detrimental effects of some of the commonly used plants on various target cells in the testis. A deeper insight into the molecular mechanisms of action of these natural compounds could pave the way for developing therapeutic strategies against their toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shereen Cynthia D'Cruz
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Pondicherry, India
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Reversible antifertility effect of aqueous rhizome extract of Curcuma longa L. in male laboratory mice. Contraception 2009; 79:479-87. [PMID: 19442785 DOI: 10.1016/j.contraception.2009.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2008] [Revised: 01/01/2009] [Accepted: 01/04/2009] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the antifertility potential of Curcuma longa L. in the male laboratory mouse. STUDY DESIGN Mice of the Parkes (P) strain were orally administered aqueous rhizome extract of C. longa (600 mg/kg body weight per day for 56 and 84 days), and effect of the treatment on various male reproductive endpoints and fertility was evaluated. Recovery studies were also performed. RESULTS Histologically, testes in mice treated with the plant extract showed nonuniform degenerative changes in the seminiferous tubules as both affected and normal tubules were observed in the same section; the affected tubules showed loosening of germinal epithelium, intraepithelial vacuolation and mixing of spermatids of different stages of spermatogenesis. Marked reductions in diameter of seminiferous tubules, height of germinal epithelium and number of germ cells in Stage VII tubules were also noted in testes of extract-treated mice. Epididymis and seminal vesicle also showed histological alterations. Furthermore, the treatment had adverse effects on motility, viability, morphology and number of spermatozoa in the cauda epididymidis, levels of sialic acid in the epididymis and fructose in the seminal vesicle, serum level of testosterone and on fertility and litter size. By 56 days of treatment withdrawal, however, the above parameters recovered to control levels. CONCLUSIONS The results show that in P mice C. longa treatment causes reversible suppression of spermatogenesis and fertility, thereby suggesting the potential of this plant in the regulation of male fertility.
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