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Erukainure OL, Chukwuma CI. Coconut ( Cocos nucifera (L.)) Water Improves Glucose Uptake with Concomitant Modulation of Antioxidant and Purinergic Activities in Isolated Rat Psoas Muscles. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:665. [PMID: 38475510 DOI: 10.3390/plants13050665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2024] [Revised: 02/25/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
The present study investigated the effect of coconut water on glucose uptake and utilization, and metabolic activities linked to hyperglycemia in isolated rat psoas muscles. Coconut water was subjected to in vitro antioxidant and antidiabetic assays, which cover 2,2'-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging activity, ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), and inhibition of α-glucosidase and α-amylase activities. Psoas muscles were isolated from male Sprague Dawley rats and incubated with coconut water in the presence of glucose. Control consisted of muscles incubated with glucose only, while normal control consisted of muscles not incubated in coconut water and/or glucose. The standard antidiabetic drug was metformin. Incubation with coconut water led to a significant increase in muscle glucose uptake, with concomitant exacerbation of glutathione level, and SOD and catalase activities, while suppressing malondialdehyde level, and ATPase and E-NTDase activities. Coconut water showed significant scavenging activity against DPPH, and significantly inhibited α-glucosidase and α-amylase activities. LC-MS analysis of coconut water revealed the presence of ellagic acid, butin, quercetin, protocatechuic acid, baicalin, and silibinin. Molecular docking analysis revealed potent molecular interactions between the LC-MS-identified compounds, and AKT-2 serine and PI-3 kinase. These results indicate the potential of coconut water to enhance glucose uptake, while concomitantly improving antioxidative and purinergic activities. They also indicate the potential of coconut water to suppress postprandial hyperglycemia. These activities may be attributed to the synergistic effects of the LC-MS-identified compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ochuko L Erukainure
- Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein 2028, South Africa
| | - Chika I Chukwuma
- Centre for Quality of Health and Living, Faculty of Health and Environmental Sciences, Central University of Technology, Bloemfontein 9301, South Africa
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Kamei T, Miyazaki J, Hori R, Saito H, Takahashi T, Shinohara KI, Miura M, Suzuki H. Spectral and HPLC Analyses of Synthesized Butin and Butein. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2024; 72:648-657. [PMID: 38972722 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.c24-00239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/09/2024]
Abstract
Butin and butein are significant bioactive flavanones derived from plants, existing as tautomers of each other. However, their physicochemical attributes, such as their spectral profiles under varying experimental conditions in aqueous solutions and established chromatographic methods for distinguishing between them, remain undetermined. In this study, we determined the basic properties of butin and butein using conventional spectroscopic, reversed-phase, and chiral HPLC analyses. The spectra of the synthesized butin and butein were analyzed using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer in several solvents with different polarities as well as in aqueous solutions at various pH values. Furthermore, the behavior of the measured spectra was reproduced by calculations to reveal the effects of the solvent and pH on the spectra of butin and butein in organic and aqueous solutions. Subsequently, we assessed the structural stability of butin and butein using reversed-phase HPLC, which revealed that butein is unstable compared with butin in a general culture medium. The synthesized butin was effectively separated into R- and S-isomers with positive and negative Cotton effects, respectively, via HPLC using a chiral column. These findings will aid in uncovering the individual properties of both butin and butein that may have been concealed by their tautomerism and enable the synthesis of S-butin, which is typically challenging and time-consuming to isolate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Kamei
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokuriku University
- Healthy Aging Research Group, Hokuriku University
| | - Jun Miyazaki
- Department of Natural Sciences, School of Engineering, Tokyo Denki University
| | - Ryoga Hori
- School of Materials Science, Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (JAIST)
| | - Hiroaki Saito
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokuriku University
| | - Tatsuo Takahashi
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokuriku University
- Healthy Aging Research Group, Hokuriku University
| | - Ken-Ichi Shinohara
- School of Materials Science, Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (JAIST)
| | - Masakazu Miura
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokuriku University
- Healthy Aging Research Group, Hokuriku University
| | - Hirokazu Suzuki
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokuriku University
- Healthy Aging Research Group, Hokuriku University
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Pan Y, Luo X, Gong P. Spatholobi caulis: A systematic review of its traditional uses, chemical constituents, biological activities and clinical applications. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 317:116854. [PMID: 37393029 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.116854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/03/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Spatholobi caulis (SC), the dried vine stem of Spatholobus suberectus Dunn, is known as Ji Xue Teng in China, and has long been used as traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) to treat anaemia, menstrual abnormalities, rheumatoid arthritis, purpura, etc. AIM OF THE REVIEW: The aim of this review is to provide a systematic and updated summary of the traditional uses, chemical constituents, biological activities and clinical applications of SC. In addition, several suggestions for future research on SC are also proposed. MATERIALS AND METHODS Extensive information and data on SC were obtained from electronic databases (ScienceDirect, Web of Science, PubMed, CNKI, Baidu Scholar, Google Scholar, ResearchGate, SpringerLink and Wiley Online). Additional information was collected from Ph.D. and MSc dissertations, published books, and classic material medica. RESULTS To date, phytochemical studies have revealed that approximately 243 chemical ingredients have been isolated from SC and identified, including flavonoids, glycosides, phenolic acids, phenylpropanoids, volatile oils, sesquiterpenoids and other compounds. Many studies have indicated that extracts and pure constituents from SC possess a wide spectrum of in vitro and in vivo pharmacological effects, such as anti-tumour, haematopoietic, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, antioxidant, antiviral and antibacterial effects, as well as other activities. SC could be applied to the treatment of leukopenia, aplastic anemic, endometriosis, etc. according to the clinical reports. The traditional efficacies of SC is due to the biological functions of its chemical compounds, especially flavonoids. However, research investigating the toxicological effects of SC is relatively limited. CONCLUSIONS SC is widely used in TCM formulae and its some traditional efficacies has been confirmed by extensive recent pharmacological and clinical studies. Most the biological activities of the SC may be attributed to flavonoids. However, in-depth studies on the molecular mechanisms of the effective ingredients and extracts of SC are limited. Further systematic studies focusing on pharmacokinetics, toxicology and quality control are needed to ensure the effective and safe application of SC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yehua Pan
- College of Pharmacy, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| | - Xiaomin Luo
- College of Pharmacy, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| | - Puyang Gong
- College of Pharmacy, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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Al-Abbasi FA. Neuroprotective effect of butin against rotenone-induced Parkinson’s disease mediated by antioxidant and anti-inflammatory actions through paraoxonase-1-induction. JOURNAL OF TAIBAH UNIVERSITY FOR SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/16583655.2022.2128561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fahad A. Al-Abbasi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
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Omer AB, Dalhat MH, Khan MK, Afzal O, Altamimi ASA, Alzarea SI, Almalki WH, Kazmi I. Butin Mitigates Memory Impairment in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats by Inhibiting Oxidative Stress and Inflammatory Responses. Metabolites 2022; 12:1050. [PMID: 36355133 PMCID: PMC9694489 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12111050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2023] Open
Abstract
It has been reported from the previous literature that butin restores mitochondrial dysfunction by modulation of oxidative stress and glutamate-induced neurotoxicity in mouse hippocampus HT22 cells. Butin also possesses an anti-Huntington's effect in rats. Considering the current background, this study was designed to evaluate the neuroprotective effect of butin against memory loss caused by streptozotocin (STZ). STZ (40 mg/kg) was intraperitoneally injected into rats. Three days later, diabetic rats were identified and included in the study. A total of 30 rats (12 nondiabetic and 18 diabetics) were grouped as Group A (control-non-diabetic rats) and Group B (STZ diabetic control) were treated with 1 mL of sodium CMC (0.5% w/v). Group C (STZ+ butin 25) were treated with butin 25 mg/kg. Group D (STZ+ butin 50) and Group E (butin per se) were administered with butin 50 mg/kg. Each therapy was administered orally once each day for 15-day. The Morris water maze and the Y-maze behavioural tests were run throughout the experimental programme. Animals were put to death on day 15 and their brains were removed for biochemical assays (CAT, SOD, GSH, MDA, nitrite, acetylcholinesterase (AchE), IL-1, and mitochondrial enzyme complexes). Rats with neurobehavioral impairments brought on by STZ have less spontaneous movement, learning capacity, and memory. Additionally, STZ decreased endogenous antioxidants and increased pro-inflammatory cytokines, nitrite, MDA, and AchE. Neurobehavioral deficits and metabolic markers were dramatically improved by butin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asma B. Omer
- Department of Basic Health Sciences, Foundation Year for the Health Colleges, Princess Nourah bint Abdul Rahman University, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mahmood Hassan Dalhat
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Kaleem Khan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmacology, Dadasaheb Balpande College of Pharmacy, Nagpur 440037, India
| | - Obaid Afzal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulmalik S. A. Altamimi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sami I. Alzarea
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka 72341, Saudi Arabia
| | - Waleed Hassan Almalki
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Imran Kazmi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
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Alzarea SI, Alasmari AF, Alanazi AS, Alzarea AI, Alharbi M, Alshammari A, Kazmi I, Aljoufi FA, Sayyed N, Afzal M. Butin Attenuates Arthritis in Complete Freund's Adjuvant-Treated Arthritic Rats: Possibly Mediated by Its Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Actions. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:810052. [PMID: 35242033 PMCID: PMC8887665 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.810052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The present research work was planned to evaluate the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory actions of butin in preventing complete Freund’s adjuvant-induced arthritis in rats. Adult Wistar rats (200–240 g) were segregated equally into four groups: Group I (normal) and Group II complete Freund’s adjuvant (CFA control) were administered orally with 3 ml/kg of 0.5% SCMC (vehicle); Group III and Group IV were test groups and orally administered 25 and 50 mg/kg of butin. These oral treatments were administered for a total of 21 days. In the 21-day treatment schedule, on the first day, animals from group I (normal control) were injected a single dose of normal saline (0.1 ml) intradermally into one of the hind paws, and animals from Group II to IV were injected CFA (0.1 ml) intradermally into one of the hind paws. During the treatment schedule, the volume of the hind paw and body weight were recorded at every 7 days intervals, and animals were scored for severe arthritis on days 17, 19, and 21. On the 22nd day, samples of blood were withdrawn by puncturing the retro-orbital sinus for analysis of RBC, WBC, hemoglobin, ALT, AST, ALP, PGE2, and cytokines. After blood withdrawal, animals were euthanized; the paw was separated by cutting at the ankle joint and used for analysis of oxidative stress and antioxidant parameters, as well as for the histopathological study. Administration of butin to CFA-treated animals significantly attenuated the CFA-induced inflammatory response, oxidative stress, and reversed the histopathological alteration towards normal. According to the findings, butin has anti-inflammatory and anti-arthritic properties in rats with CFA-induced arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sami I Alzarea
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah F Alasmari
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah S Alanazi
- Department of Clinical Pharmay, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia.,Health Science Research Unit, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulaziz I Alzarea
- Department of Clinical Pharmay, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia
| | - Metab Alharbi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulrahman Alshammari
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Imran Kazmi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fakhria A Aljoufi
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nadeem Sayyed
- Clinical Research Department, Meril Life Sciences Pvt. Ltd., Vapi, India
| | - Muhammad Afzal
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia
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Anti-Huntington's Effect of Butin in 3-Nitropropionic Acid-Treated Rats: Possible Mechanism of Action. Neurotox Res 2022; 40:66-77. [PMID: 34982357 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-021-00462-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Butin has a strong antioxidant plus anti-inflammatory action and it is reported to be protective in oxidative stress-induced mitochondrial dysfunction. Butin has been shown to protect the mouse hippocampus HT22 cells from glutamate-induced neurotoxicity. The current investigation was planned to assess anti-Huntington's effect of butin in 3-nitropropionic acid-treated rats. A total of 32 Wistar rats (200-240 g) were equally segregated into four groups. Groups I and II were treated with vehicle (0.3 ml/100 g) and groups III and IV received butin 25 and 50 mg/kg for 15 days. Daily 1 h post above oral treatments, 3 ml/kg of normal saline was injected (i.p.) to group I animals and 10 mg/kg of 3-NP was injected (i.p.) to II and IV groups for 15 days. During the experimental schedule, behavioral tests were conducted for animals. On day 15, after behavioral parameters, animals were sacrificed and brains were removed for biochemical tests. Systemic administration of 3-NP induced neurobehavioral deficits which resulted in reduced spontaneous locomotor activity, motor incoordination, learning ability, and memory in the animals. Moreover, 3-NP depleted endogenous antioxidants (GSH, catalase, and SOD), mitochondrial complexes activities (I, II, IV, and MTT assay), elevated LDH, MDA, nitrite, and AchE. Administration of butin significantly improved neurobehavioral impairments, nitrative and oxidative stress, activities of mitochondrial enzyme complex, and reduced AchE levels in rat brain.
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Milosavljevic S, Djordjevic I, Mandic B, Tesevic V, Stankovic M, Todorovic N, Novakovic M. Flavonoids of the Heartwood of Cotinus coggygria Scop. Showing Protective Effect on Human Lymphocyte DNA. Nat Prod Commun 2021. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x211067289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In continuation of our study on Cotinus coggygria from Serbia, 10 known flavonoids (1-10) were isolated from the methylene chloride/methanol extract of the heartwood. They were tested for in vitro protective effect against chromosome aberrations in peripheral human lymphocytes, using the cytokinesis-block micronucleus assay. All tested compounds (in minimal doses of 1 μg/mL) exerted a beneficial effect by decreasing DNA damage of human lymphocytes in the range of 24.2% to 54.5%, better than the radio protectant control, amifostine. Functional groups, such as 3′,4′-dihydroxyphenyl (catechol), 5-OH, 3-OH, and 4-keto in flavonoids (3-keto in aurones), which play a key role in antioxidant activity, are proposed to be responsible for the DNA protective activity of the tested compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Iris Djordjevic
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Boris Mandic
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Vele Tesevic
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | | | - Nina Todorovic
- Instituite of Chemistry, Technology and Metallurgy, Department of Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Miroslav Novakovic
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
- Dedicated to Professor Yoshinori Asakawa on the occasion of his 80th birthday
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Bai K, Jiang L, Zhu S, Feng C, Zhao Y, Zhang L, Wang T. Dimethylglycine sodium salt protects against oxidative damage and mitochondrial dysfunction in the small intestines of mice. Int J Mol Med 2019; 43:2199-2211. [PMID: 30816456 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2019.4093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Few studies have investigated the use of dimethylglycine sodium salt (DMG‑Na) to protect against small intestinal damage, despite its prevalence in the treatment of human diseases. The present study aimed to evaluate the protective effects of DMG‑Na against oxidative damage and mitochondrial dysfunction in the small intestines of mice. A total of 100 male Kunming mice were randomly assigned to five groups (n=20 per group): i) Mice gastric intubation with 0.3 ml sterile saline solution (once), then subcutaneously injected with sterile saline solution (0.5 ml) after 1 h (CON); ii) mice gastric intubation with 12 mg DMG‑Na/0.3 ml of sterile saline solution once, then subcutaneously injected with sterile saline solution (0.5 ml) 1 h later (D); iii) mice gastric intubation with 0.3 ml sterile saline solution once, then subcutaneously injected with indomethacin (10 mg/kg BW) 1 h later (IN); iv) mice gastric intubation with 12 mg DMG‑Na/0.3 ml sterile saline solution once, then subcutaneously injected with indomethacin (10 mg/kg BW) 1 h later (DIN); and v) mice subcutaneously injected with indomethacin (10 mg/kg BW), then gastrically intubated with 12 mg DMG‑Na/0.3 ml sterile saline solution once after 1 h (IND). The present study was evaluated the effects of DMG‑Na on mice intestinal damage induced by indomethacin injection. The histological morphology of the small intestine improved (P<0.05) in the DIN and IND groups, compared with the IN group. The antioxidant system was enhanced, oxidative damage was reduced, and the expression of antioxidant‑associated genes was increased in the small intestine and its mitochondria in the DIN and IND groups, compared with the IN group. The above results suggested that pretreatment and treatment with DMG‑Na reduced oxidative damage by enhancing antioxidant capacity, increasing the expression of antioxidant‑associated genes, ameliorating mitochondrial dysfunction and suppressing apoptosis. Further study is required to determine the specific mechanism by which pretreatment and treatment with DMG‑Na reduced small intestinal damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiwen Bai
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, P.R. China
| | - Luyi Jiang
- College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, P.R. China
| | - Shanli Zhu
- College of Agriculture and Life Science, Department of Animal Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Chengcheng Feng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, P.R. China
| | - Yongwei Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, P.R. China
| | - Lili Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, P.R. China
| | - Tian Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, P.R. China
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Li P, Jiwu C. Butin Attenuates Brain Edema in a Rat Model of Intracerebral Hemorrhage by Anti Inflammatory Pathway. Transl Neurosci 2018; 9:7-12. [PMID: 29755784 PMCID: PMC5941697 DOI: 10.1515/tnsci-2018-0002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Accepted: 12/28/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background This study evaluates the effect of butin against brain edema in intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). Methodology ICH was induced by injecting bacterial collagenase in the brain and all the animals were separated into four groups such as control group, ICH group treated with vehicle, Butin 25 and 50 mg/kg group receives butin (25 and 50 mg/kg, i.p.)60 min after the induction of ICH in all animals. One day after neurological score, hemorrhagic injury and expressions of protein responsible for apoptosis and inflammatory cytokines were assessed in the brain tissue of ICH rats. Result Neurological scoring significantly increased and hemorrhagic lesion volume decreased in butin treated group of rats compared to ICH group. However, treatment with butin significantly decreases the ratio of Bax/Bcl-2 and protein expression of Cleaved caspase-3 than ICH group in dose dependent manner. Level of inflammatory mediators such as tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interlukin-6 (IL-6) in the brain tissues were significantly decreased in the butin treated group than ICH group. In addition butin attenuates the altered signaling pathway of NF-κB in the brain tissues of ICH rats. Conclusion Our study concludes that butin attenuates the altered behavior and neuronal condition in ICH rats by reducing apoptosis and inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peiyu Li
- Department Of Neurology, The Affiliated First Hospital Of Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Cheng Jiwu
- Department Of Neurology, The Affiliated First Hospital Of Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, Heilongjiang, China
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Zhang L, Bai K, Zhang J, Xu W, Huang Q, Wang T. Dietary effects of Bacillus subtilis fmbj on the antioxidant capacity of broilers at an early age. Poult Sci 2017; 96:3564-3573. [DOI: 10.3382/ps/pex172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2017] [Accepted: 06/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
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Du H, Yang J, Bai J, Ming K, Shi J, Yao F, Zhang W, Yu Y, Chen Y, Xiong W, Wu Y, Wang D, Hu Y, Liu J. A flavone-polysaccharide based prescription attenuates the mitochondrial dysfunction induced by duck hepatitis A virus type 1. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0175495. [PMID: 28394931 PMCID: PMC5386289 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0175495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2016] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The principal target organ of duck hepatitis A virus type 1 (DHAV-1) is duckling liver, which is an energy-intensive organ and plays important roles in body’s energy metabolism and conversion. As the “power house” of the hepatocytes, mitochondria provide more than 90% of the energy. However, mitochondria are much vulnerable to the oxidative stress for their rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids. Although previous researches have demonstrated that DHAV-1 could induce the oxidative stress in the serum of the infected ducklings, no related study on the mitochondria during the pathological process of DVH has been reported by far. To address this issue, we examined the HE stained tissue pathological slices, detected the hepatic SOD, CAT and GPX activities and MDA contents and analyzed the ATP content, mitochondrial ultrastructure and the mitochondrial SOD, GPX activities and MDA content in the liver tissues. The results showed that the hepatic redox status was significantly disturbed so that causing the mitochondrial dysfunction, ATP depletion and mitochondrial oxidative stress during the process of the DHAV-1 infection, and a prescription formulated with Hypericum japonicum flavone, Radix Rehmanniae Recens polysaccharide and Salvia plebeia flavone (HRS), which had been demonstrated with good anti-oxidative activity in serum, could effectively alleviate the hepatic injury and the oxidative stress in liver tissue induced by DHAV-1 thus alleviating the mitochondrial injury and oxidative stress. In a word, this research discovers the oxidative stress induced mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress during the DVH pathological process and demonstrates HRS exerts good anti-oxidative activity in liver tissue to protect mitochondria against reactive oxygen species (ROS).
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MESH Headings
- Adenosine Triphosphate/metabolism
- Animals
- Antiviral Agents/pharmacology
- Drugs, Chinese Herbal/pharmacology
- Ducks
- Flavones/pharmacology
- Glutathione Peroxidase/metabolism
- Hepatitis Virus, Duck
- Hepatitis, Viral, Animal/drug therapy
- Hepatitis, Viral, Animal/metabolism
- Hepatitis, Viral, Animal/mortality
- Hepatitis, Viral, Animal/pathology
- Lipid Peroxidation/drug effects
- Lipid Peroxidation/physiology
- Liver/drug effects
- Liver/metabolism
- Liver/pathology
- Malondialdehyde/metabolism
- Mitochondria/drug effects
- Mitochondria/metabolism
- Mitochondria/ultrastructure
- Oxidative Stress/drug effects
- Picornaviridae Infections/drug therapy
- Picornaviridae Infections/metabolism
- Picornaviridae Infections/mortality
- Picornaviridae Infections/pathology
- Polysaccharides/pharmacology
- Random Allocation
- Superoxide Dismutase/metabolism
- Treatment Outcome
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxu Du
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, P R China
| | - Jingjing Yang
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, P R China
| | - Jingying Bai
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, P R China
| | - Ke Ming
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, P R China
| | - Jintong Shi
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, P R China
| | - Fangke Yao
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, P R China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, P R China
| | - Yang Yu
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, P R China
| | - Yun Chen
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, P R China
| | - Wen Xiong
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, P R China
| | - Yi Wu
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, P R China
| | - Deyun Wang
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, P R China
| | - Yuanliang Hu
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, P R China
| | - Jiaguo Liu
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, P R China
- * E-mail:
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Inhibitory effect of Rhus verniciflua Stokes extract on human aromatase activity; butin is its major bioactive component. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2014; 24:1730-3. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2014.02.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2014] [Revised: 02/04/2014] [Accepted: 02/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Nishida K, Nakatani T, Ohishi A, Okuda H, Higashi Y, Matsuo T, Fujimoto S, Nagasawa K. Mitochondrial dysfunction is involved in P2X7 receptor-mediated neuronal cell death. J Neurochem 2012; 122:1118-28. [PMID: 22774935 DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2012.07868.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
P2X7 receptor (P2X7R) is known to be a 'death receptor' in immune cells, but its functional expression in non-immune cells such as neurons is controversial. Here, we examined the involvement of P2X7R activation and mitochondrial dysfunction in ATP-induced neuronal death in cultured cortical neurons. In P2X7R- and pannexin-1-expressing neuron cultures, 5 or more mM ATP or 0.1 or more mM BzATP induced neuronal death including apoptosis, and cell death was prevented by oxATP, P2X7R-selective antagonists. ATP-treated neurons exhibited Ca(2+) entry and YO-PRO-1 uptake, the former being inhibited by oxATP and A438079, and the latter by oxATP and carbenoxolone, while P2X7R antagonism with oxATP, but not pannexin-1 blocking with carbenoxolone, prevented the ATP-induced neuronal death. The ATP treatment induced reactive oxygen species generation through activation of NADPH oxidase and activated poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase, but both of them made no or negligible contribution to the neuronal death. Rhodamine123 efflux from neuronal mitochondria was increased by the ATP-treatment and was inhibited by oxATP, and a mitochondrial permeability transition pore inhibitor, cyclosporine A, significantly decreased the ATP-induced neuronal death. In ATP-treated neurons, the cleavage of pro-caspase-3 was increased, and caspase inhibitors, Q-VD-OPh and Z-DEVD-FMK, inhibited the neuronal death. The cleavage of apoptosis-inducing factor was increased, and calpain inhibitors, MDL28170 and PD151746, inhibited the neuronal death. These findings suggested that P2X7R was functionally expressed by cortical neuron cultures, and its activation-triggered Ca(2+) entry and mitochondrial dysfunction played important roles in the ATP-induced neuronal death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kentaro Nishida
- Department of Environmental Biochemistry, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Kyoto, Japan
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Zhang R, Chae S, Lee JH, Hyun JW. The cytoprotective effect of butin against oxidative stress is mediated by the up-regulation of manganese superoxide dismutase expression through a PI3K/Akt/Nrf2-dependent pathway. J Cell Biochem 2012; 113:1987-97. [DOI: 10.1002/jcb.24068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Butin (7,3',4'-trihydroxydihydroflavone) reduces oxidative stress-induced cell death via inhibition of the mitochondria-dependent apoptotic pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2011; 12:3871-87. [PMID: 21747713 PMCID: PMC3131597 DOI: 10.3390/ijms12063871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2011] [Revised: 05/16/2011] [Accepted: 05/31/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, we demonstrated that butin (7,3′,4′-trihydroxydihydroflavone) protected cells against hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced apoptosis by: (1) scavenging reactive oxygen species (ROS), activating antioxidant enzymes such superoxide dismutase and catalase; (2) decreasing oxidative stress-induced 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine levels via activation of oxoguanine glycosylase 1, and (3), reducing oxidative stress-induced mitochondrial dysfunction. The objective of this study was to determine the cytoprotective effects of butin on oxidative stress-induced mitochondria-dependent apoptosis, and possible mechanisms involved. Butin significantly reduced H2O2-induced loss of mitochondrial membrane potential as determined by confocal image analysis and flow cytometry, alterations in Bcl-2 family proteins such as decrease in Bcl-2 expression and increase in Bax and phospho Bcl-2 expression, release of cytochrome c from mitochondria into the cytosol and activation of caspases 9 and 3. Furthermore, the anti-apoptotic effect of butin was exerted via inhibition of mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase-4, c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK) and activator protein-1 cascades induced by H2O2 treatment. Finally, butin exhibited protective effects against H2O2-induced apoptosis, as demonstrated by decreased apoptotic bodies, sub-G1 hypodiploid cells and DNA fragmentation. Taken together, the protective effects of butin against H2O2-induced apoptosis were exerted via blockade of membrane potential depolarization, inhibition of the JNK pathway and mitochondria-involved caspase-dependent apoptotic pathway.
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Tonetto de Freitas S, Padda M, Wu Q, Park S, Mitcham EJ. Dynamic alternations in cellular and molecular components during blossom-end rot development in tomatoes expressing sCAX1, a constitutively active Ca2+/H+ antiporter from Arabidopsis. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2011; 156:844-55. [PMID: 21464475 PMCID: PMC3177280 DOI: 10.1104/pp.111.175208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Although calcium (Ca) concentration in cellular compartments has been suggested to be tightly regulated, Ca deficiency disorders such as blossom-end rot (BER) in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) fruit may be induced by abnormal regulation of Ca partitioning and distribution in the cell. The objectives of this work were to analyze the effects of high expression of the constitutively functional Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) Ca(2+)/H(+) exchanger (sCAX1) tonoplast protein in tomato fruit on cellular Ca partitioning and distribution, membrane integrity, and the transcriptional profile of genes potentially involved in BER development. Wild-type and sCAX1-expressing tomato plants were grown in a greenhouse. Wild-type plants did not develop BER, whereas sCAX1-expressing plants reached 100% BER incidence at 15 d after pollination. The sCAX1-expressing fruit pericarp had higher total tissue and water-soluble Ca concentrations, lower apoplastic and cytosolic Ca concentrations, higher membrane leakage, and Ca accumulation in the vacuole of sCAX1-expressing cells. Microarray analysis of healthy sCAX1-expressing fruit tissue indicated down-regulation of genes potentially involved in BER development, such as genes involved in membrane structure and repair and cytoskeleton metabolism, as well as up-regulation of genes that may have limited BER damage expansion, such as genes coding for heat shock proteins, glutathione S-transferases, and peroxidases. The results indicate that the high expression of the sCAX1 gene reduces cytosolic and apoplastic Ca concentrations, affecting plasma membrane structure and leading to BER symptom development in the fruit tissue.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Mitochondrial diseases are individually uncommon, but collectively pose a significant burden on human health. Primary mitochondrial disease is caused by defects in the mitochondrial DNA-encoded genes or in nuclear genes whose products are imported into the mitochondrion. Great strides have been made in determining the cause of mitochondrial disorders, but the clinical ability to diagnose these conditions lags behind because of phenotypic overlap between distinct genetic entities and the complexity and invasiveness of standard diagnostic testing. In this review, we evaluate new findings in mitochondrial genetics, recent developments in mitochondrial disease diagnostic testing, and emerging ideas for mitochondrial disease therapies. RECENT FINDINGS Clinical cohort studies have revealed important themes in patient care relative to manifestations of mitochondrial disease. Significant strides have also been made toward creating embryos free from the risk of maternally inherited mitochondrial DNA-based disease. Several new genetic causes of both nuclear and mitochondrial DNA-based diseases have been identified in the past year. In addition, novel insights have emerged from basic studies of mitochondrial biology that hold promise for the development of targeted mitochondrial disease therapies. SUMMARY Research on mitochondrial biology and disease continues to improve the clinical capacity to diagnose the heterogeneous group of mitochondrial diseases that afflict the pediatric population. This research also provides a framework for future approaches to devise effective mitochondrial disease therapies.
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