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Yang S, Zhao Q, Wang D, Zhang T, Zhong Z, Kwok LY, Bai M, Sun Z. The interaction between Lactobacillus delbrueckii ssp. bulgaricus M58 and Streptococcus thermophilus S10 can enhanced texture and flavor profile of fermented milk: Insights from metabolomics analysis. J Dairy Sci 2024:S0022-0302(24)01055-5. [PMID: 39098498 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2024-25217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 08/06/2024]
Abstract
Lactobacillus delbrueckii ssp. bulgaricus M58 (M58) and Streptococcus thermophilus S10 (S10) are 2 dairy starter strains known for their favorable fermentation characteristics. Therefore, this research aimed to study the effects of 1-d low-temperature ripening on the physicochemical properties and metabolomics of fermented milk. Initially, the performance of single (M58 or S10) and dual (M58+S10) strain fermentation was assessed, revealing that the M58+S10 combination resulted in a shortened fermentation time, a stable gel structure, and desirable viscosity, suggesting positive strain interactions. Subsequently, non-targeted metabolomics analyses using LC-MS and GC-MS were performed to comparatively analyze M58+S10 fermented milk samples collected at the end of fermentation and after 1-d low-temperature ripening. The results showed a significant increase in almost all small peptides and dodecanedioic acid in the samples after one day of ripening, while there was a substantial decrease in indole and amino acid metabolites. Moreover, notable increases were observed in high-quality flavor compounds, such as geraniol, delta-nonalactone, 1-hexanol,2-ethyl-, methyl jasmonate, and undecanal. This study provides valuable insights into the fermentation characteristics of the dual bacterial starter consisting of M58 and S10 strains and highlights the specific contribution of the low-temperature ripening step to the overall quality of fermented milk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shujuan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, 010018, China; Key Laboratory of Dairy Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, 010018, China; Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, 010018, China
| | - Qian Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, 010018, China; Key Laboratory of Dairy Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, 010018, China; Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, 010018, China
| | - Dan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, 010018, China; Key Laboratory of Dairy Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, 010018, China; Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, 010018, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, 010018, China; Key Laboratory of Dairy Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, 010018, China; Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, 010018, China
| | - Zhi Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, 010018, China; Key Laboratory of Dairy Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, 010018, China; Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, 010018, China
| | - Lai-Yu Kwok
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, 010018, China; Key Laboratory of Dairy Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, 010018, China; Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, 010018, China
| | - Mei Bai
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, 010018, China; Key Laboratory of Dairy Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, 010018, China; Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, 010018, China.
| | - Zhihong Sun
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, 010018, China; Key Laboratory of Dairy Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, 010018, China; Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, 010018, China.
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Finnegan M, Fitzgerald S, Duroux R, Attia J, Markey E, O’Connor D, Morrin A. Predicting Chronological Age via the Skin Volatile Profile. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2024; 35:421-432. [PMID: 38326105 PMCID: PMC10921460 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.3c00315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Skin volatile emissions offer a noninvasive insight into metabolic activity within the body as well as the skin microbiome and specific volatile compounds have been shown to correlate with age, albeit only in a few small studies. Building on this, here skin volatiles were collected and analyzed in a healthy participant study (n = 60) using a robust headspace-solid phase microextraction (HS-SPME) gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) workflow. Following processing, 18 identified compounds were deemed suitable for this study. These were classified according to gender influences and their correlations with age were investigated. Finally, 6 volatiles (of both endogenous and exogenous origin) were identified as significantly changing in abundance with participant age (p < 0.1). The potential origins of these dysregulations are discussed. Multiple linear regression (MLR) analysis was employed to model age based on these significant volatiles as independent variables, along with gender. Our analysis shows that skin volatiles show a strong predictive ability for age (explained variance of 68%), stronger than other biochemical measures collected in this study (skin surface pH, water content) which are understood to vary with chronological age. Overall, this work provides new insights into the impact of aging on the skin volatile profiles which comprises both endogenously and exogenously derived volatile compounds. It goes toward demonstrating the biological significance of skin volatiles and will help pave the way for more rigorous consideration of the healthy "baseline" skin volatile profile in volatilomics-based health diagnostics development going forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Finnegan
- School
of Chemical Sciences, Insight SFI Research Centre for Data Analytics,
National Centre for Sensor Research, Dublin
City University, Dublin D09 V209, Ireland
| | - Shane Fitzgerald
- School
of Chemical Sciences, Insight SFI Research Centre for Data Analytics,
National Centre for Sensor Research, Dublin
City University, Dublin D09 V209, Ireland
| | - Romain Duroux
- IFF-Lucas
Meyer Cosmetics, Toulouse, Cedex 1, 31036, France
| | - Joan Attia
- IFF-Lucas
Meyer Cosmetics, Toulouse, Cedex 1, 31036, France
| | - Emma Markey
- School
of Chemical Sciences, Insight SFI Research Centre for Data Analytics,
National Centre for Sensor Research, Dublin
City University, Dublin D09 V209, Ireland
| | - David O’Connor
- School
of Chemical Sciences, Insight SFI Research Centre for Data Analytics,
National Centre for Sensor Research, Dublin
City University, Dublin D09 V209, Ireland
| | - Aoife Morrin
- School
of Chemical Sciences, Insight SFI Research Centre for Data Analytics,
National Centre for Sensor Research, Dublin
City University, Dublin D09 V209, Ireland
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Lee KY, Shin JY, Ahn MS, Kim SJ, An HR, Kim YJ, Kwon OH, Lee SY. Callus Derived from Petals of the Rosa hybrida Breeding Line 15R-12-2 as New Material Useful for Fragrance Production. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:2986. [PMID: 37631197 PMCID: PMC10457957 DOI: 10.3390/plants12162986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
Rose (Rosa hybrida) is a major flower crop worldwide and has long been loved for its variety of colors and scents. Roses are mainly used for gardening or cutting flowers and are also used as raw materials for perfumes, cosmetics, and food. Essential oils, which are extracted from the flowers of plants, including roses, have various scents, and the essential oil market has been growing steadily owing to the growing awareness of the benefits of natural and organic products. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a system that stably supplies raw materials with uniform ingredients in line with the continuous increase in demand. In this study, conditions for the efficient induction of callus were established from the petals of the rose breeding line 15R-12-2, which has a strong scent developed by the National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, Rural Development Administration. The highest callus induction rate (65%) was observed when the petals of the fully open flower (FOF) were placed on the SH11DP medium so that the abaxial surface was in contact with the medium. In addition, the VOCs contained in the petals of 15R-12-2 and the petal-derived callus were analyzed by HS-SPME-GC-MS. Thirty components, including esters and alcohols, were detected in the petal-derived callus. Among them, 2-ethylhexan-1-ol, which showed 59.01% relative content when extracted with hexane as a solvent, was the same component as detected in petals. Therefore, petal-derived callus is expected to be of high industrial value and can be suggested as an alternative pathway to obtaining VOCs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Su Young Lee
- Floriculture Research Division, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, Rural Development Administration (RDA), Wanju 55365, Republic of Korea; (K.Y.L.); (J.Y.S.); (M.S.A.); (S.J.K.); (H.R.A.); (Y.J.K.); (O.H.K.)
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Guo H, Lai J, Li C, Zhou H, Wang C, Ye W, Zhong Y, Zhao X, Zhang F, Yang J, Wang S. Comparative Metabolomics Reveals Key Determinants in the Flavor and Nutritional Value of Coconut by HS-SPME/GC-MS and UHPLC-MS/MS. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12080691. [PMID: 35893258 PMCID: PMC9394352 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12080691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Coconut is a tropical fruit whose flesh has high flavor quality and nutritional value; however, the differences between coconut varieties are still unclear. Here, volatiles and non-volatiles were profiled at three ripening stages by HS-SPME/GC-MS and UHPLC-MS/MS in two coconut varieties (Hainan Tall, HT and Green Dwarf, GD). Four metabolite classes of volatiles were associated with good aroma including hydrocarbons, benzenoids, alcohols and esters, and these volatiles were generally higher in GD, especially at 7 and 9 months of coconut growth. Pathway-based metabolomics revealed that flavonols and their derivatives were significantly enriched in HT, and some of these metabolites were key determinants of HT flesh bitterness, including kaempferol 7-O-glucoside, a known bitter metabolite. Despite the overall accumulation of amino acids, including L-alanine, L-serine and L-methionine in GD, comparative metabolomics revealed that HT flesh provides a higher content of vitamins than GD. This study sheds light on the metabolic pathways and key metabolites differentiating the flesh flavor quality and nutritional value among coconut varieties, and reveals the possible mechanisms of flavor formation and regulation in coconut fruits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Guo
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; (H.G.); (J.L.); (C.L.); (H.Z.); (C.W.); (W.Y.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Jun Lai
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; (H.G.); (J.L.); (C.L.); (H.Z.); (C.W.); (W.Y.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Chun Li
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; (H.G.); (J.L.); (C.L.); (H.Z.); (C.W.); (W.Y.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Haihong Zhou
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; (H.G.); (J.L.); (C.L.); (H.Z.); (C.W.); (W.Y.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Chao Wang
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; (H.G.); (J.L.); (C.L.); (H.Z.); (C.W.); (W.Y.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Weizhen Ye
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; (H.G.); (J.L.); (C.L.); (H.Z.); (C.W.); (W.Y.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Yue Zhong
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; (H.G.); (J.L.); (C.L.); (H.Z.); (C.W.); (W.Y.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Xuecheng Zhao
- Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya Nanfan Research Institute of Hainan University, Sanya 572025, China;
| | - Feng Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China;
| | - Jun Yang
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; (H.G.); (J.L.); (C.L.); (H.Z.); (C.W.); (W.Y.); (Y.Z.)
- Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya Nanfan Research Institute of Hainan University, Sanya 572025, China;
- Correspondence: (J.Y.); (S.W.)
| | - Shouchuang Wang
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; (H.G.); (J.L.); (C.L.); (H.Z.); (C.W.); (W.Y.); (Y.Z.)
- Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya Nanfan Research Institute of Hainan University, Sanya 572025, China;
- Correspondence: (J.Y.); (S.W.)
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Value and limitation of structure-based profilers to characterize developmental and reproductive toxicity potential. Arch Toxicol 2020; 94:939-954. [PMID: 32100055 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-020-02671-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The uncertainty regarding the safety of chemicals leaching from food packaging triggers attention. In silico models provide solutions for screening of these chemicals, since many are toxicologically uncharacterized. For hazard assessment, information on developmental and reproductive toxicity (DART) is needed. The possibility to apply in silico toxicology to identify and quantify DART alerts was investigated. Open-source models and profilers were applied to 195 packaging chemicals and analogues. An approach based on DART and estrogen receptor (ER) binding profilers and molecular docking was able to identify all except for one chemical with documented DART properties. Twenty percent of the chemicals in the database known to be negative in experimental studies were classified as positive. The scheme was then applied to 121 untested chemicals. Alerts were identified for sixteen of them, five being packaging substances, the others structural analogues. Read-across was then developed to translate alerts into quantitative toxicological values. They can be used to calculate margins of exposure (MoE), the size of which reflects safety concern. The application of this approach appears valuable for hazard characterization of toxicologically untested packaging migrants. It is an alternative to the use of default uncertainty factor (UF) applied to animal chronic toxicity value to handle absence of DART data in hazard characterization.
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Spinazzè A, Campagnolo D, Cattaneo A, Urso P, Sakellaris IA, Saraga DE, Mandin C, Canha N, Mabilia R, Perreca E, Mihucz VG, Szigeti T, Ventura G, de Oliveira Fernandes E, de Kluizenaar Y, Cornelissen E, Hänninen O, Carrer P, Wolkoff P, Cavallo DM, Bartzis JG. Indoor gaseous air pollutants determinants in office buildings-The OFFICAIR project. INDOOR AIR 2020; 30:76-87. [PMID: 31593610 DOI: 10.1111/ina.12609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Revised: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to identify determinants of aldehyde and volatile organic compound (VOC) indoor air concentrations in a sample of more than 140 office rooms, in the framework of the European OFFICAIR research project. A large field campaign was performed, which included (a) the air sampling of aldehydes and VOCs in 37 newly built or recently retrofitted office buildings across 8 European countries in summer and winter and (b) the collection of information on building and offices' characteristics using checklists. Linear mixed models for repeated measurements were applied to identify the main factors affecting the measured concentrations of selected indoor air pollutants (IAPs). Several associations between aldehydes and VOCs concentrations and buildings' structural characteristic or occupants' activity patterns were identified. The aldehyde and VOC determinants in office buildings include building and furnishing materials, indoor climate characteristics (room temperature and relative humidity), the use of consumer products (eg, cleaning and personal care products, office equipment), as well as the presence of outdoor sources in the proximity of the buildings (ie, vehicular traffic). Results also showed that determinants of indoor air concentrations varied considerably among different type of pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Spinazzè
- Department of Science and High Technology, University of Insubria, Como, Italy
| | - Davide Campagnolo
- Department of Science and High Technology, University of Insubria, Como, Italy
| | - Andrea Cattaneo
- Department of Science and High Technology, University of Insubria, Como, Italy
| | - Patrizia Urso
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences-Hospital "L. Sacco", University of Milan, Milano, Italy
- Radiotherapy Department, Clinica Luganese Moncucco, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Ioannis A Sakellaris
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Western Macedonia, Kozani, Greece
| | - Dikaia E Saraga
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Western Macedonia, Kozani, Greece
| | - Corinne Mandin
- Scientific and Technical Centre for Building, University Paris Est, Marne-la-Vallée, France
| | - Nuno Canha
- Instituto Superior Técnico, Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Nucleares, Universidade de Lisboa, Bobadela, Portugal
| | - Rosanna Mabilia
- Department of Biology, Agriculture and Food Science, National Research Council, Roma, Italy
| | - Erica Perreca
- Department of Biology, Agriculture and Food Science, National Research Council, Roma, Italy
| | - Victor G Mihucz
- Cooperative Research Centre for Environmental Sciences, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | | | - Gabriela Ventura
- Institute of Science and Innovation in Mechanical Engineering and Industrial Management, Porto, Portugal
| | | | - Yvonne de Kluizenaar
- The Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), The Hague, The Netherlands
| | - Eric Cornelissen
- The Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), The Hague, The Netherlands
| | - Otto Hänninen
- Department of Health Protection, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Paolo Carrer
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences-Hospital "L. Sacco", University of Milan, Milano, Italy
| | - Peder Wolkoff
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Domenico M Cavallo
- Department of Science and High Technology, University of Insubria, Como, Italy
| | - John G Bartzis
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Western Macedonia, Kozani, Greece
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Battistella Lasta HF, Lentz L, Gonçalves Rodrigues LG, Mezzomo N, Vitali L, Salvador Ferreira SR. Pressurized liquid extraction applied for the recovery of phenolic compounds from beetroot waste. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2019.101353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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8
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Lasta HFB, Lentz L, Mezzomo N, Ferreira SRS. Supercritical CO2 to recover extracts enriched in antioxidant compounds from beetroot aerial parts. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2019.101169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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9
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Wakayama T, Ito Y, Sakai K, Miyake M, Shibata E, Ohno H, Kamijima M. Comprehensive review of 2-ethyl-1-hexanol as an indoor air pollutant. J Occup Health 2019; 61:19-35. [PMID: 30698348 PMCID: PMC6499367 DOI: 10.1002/1348-9585.12017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Revised: 10/02/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives 2‐Ethyl‐1‐hexanol (2EH), a fragrance ingredient and a raw material for the production of plasticizer di(2‐ethylhexyl) phthalate, is responsible for sick building syndrome (SBS). This review aims to clarify the 2EH characteristics as an indoor air pollutant such as indoor air concentration, emission mechanism, toxicity, and clinical effects. Methods Scientific publications in English that has been made available on PubMed as of June 2018 and ad hoc publications in regional languages were reviewed. Results Inhalation exposure to 2EH caused mucous membrane irritation in the eyes, nose, and throat in experimental animals. Studies in human volunteers revealed an increase in olfactory irritation and eye discomfort. There has been increasing evidence of 2EH being present in indoor air in buildings. The primary sources of 2EH emissions are not building materials themselves, but instead the hydrolysis of plasticizers and flooring adhesives. In particular, compounds like di(2‐ethylhexyl) phthalate present in polyvinyl chloride flooring materials are hydrolyzed upon contact with alkaline moisture‐containing concrete floors. That being said, it may be observed that indoor concentrations of 2EH increased every year during summer. Conclusions Unlike other volatile organic compounds that cause SBS, 2EH can be retained in indoor air for long durations, increasing the likelihood of causing undesirable health effects in building occupants exposed to it. As a precautionary measure, it is important to use flooring materials that do not emit 2EH by hydrolysis, or to dry concrete before covering with flooring materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takanari Wakayama
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan.,Department of Environmental Health, Nagoya City Public Health Research Institute, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yuki Ito
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Sakai
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan.,Department of Environmental Health, Nagoya City Public Health Research Institute, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Mio Miyake
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Eiji Shibata
- Department of Health and Psychosocial Medicine, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Ohno
- Department of Environmental Health, Nagoya City Public Health Research Institute, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Michihiro Kamijima
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
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Clasp TN, Reeve SW, Koizumi H. Vibrational band assignment of 2-ethyl-1-hexanol. JOURNAL OF THEORETICAL & COMPUTATIONAL CHEMISTRY 2017. [DOI: 10.1142/s0219633617500237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The vibrational structure of 2-ethyl-1-hexanol is of great interest because of its industrial and military applications. However, detailed spectral analysis is challenging due to its flexibility. This paper reports a detailed analysis of the gas and liquid phase vibrational spectra of 2-ethyl-1-hexanol using the Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and Raman experimental data. By performing a detailed exploration of the conformational space in this work, the theoretical spectra reproduced almost all experimental details observed, and assigned internal valence coordinates to all of the experimentally observed bands in the floppy 2-ethyl-1-hexanol molecule. Relative contributions from the various internal valence coordinates to the experimental vibrational bands are directly compared between the liquid phase Raman band and the gas and liquid phase infrared band.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trocia N. Clasp
- Department of Chemistry and Physics and the Arkansas, Center for Laser Application and Science, Arkansas State University, Jonesboro, AR 72401, USA
| | - Scott W. Reeve
- Department of Chemistry and Physics and the Arkansas, Center for Laser Application and Science, Arkansas State University, Jonesboro, AR 72401, USA
| | - Hideya Koizumi
- Department of Chemistry and Physics and the Arkansas, Center for Laser Application and Science, Arkansas State University, Jonesboro, AR 72401, USA
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RIFM fragrance ingredient safety assessment, 2-ethyl-1-butanol, CAS Registry Number 97-95-0. Food Chem Toxicol 2016; 97S:S157-S167. [PMID: 27658323 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2016.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2016] [Accepted: 09/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The use of this material under current conditions is supported by existing information. This material was evaluated for genotoxicity, repeated dose toxicity, developmental and reproductive toxicity, local respiratory toxicity, phototoxicity/photoallergenicity, skin sensitization, as well as environmental safety. Data from the suitable read across analog 2-ethylhexanol (CAS # 104-76-7) show that this material is not genotoxic. Data from the suitable read across analog isopropyl alcohol (CAS # 67-63-0) show that this material does not have skin sensitization potential. The local respiratory toxicity endpoint was completed using the TTC (Threshold of Toxicological Concern) for a Cramer Class I material (1.4 mg/day). The repeated dose toxicity endpoint was completed using 2-ethylhexanol (CAS # 104-76-7) and 1-heptanol, 2-propyl (CAS # 10042-59-8) as suitable read across analogs, which provided a MOE > 100. The developmental and reproductive toxicity endpoint was completed using 2-ethyl-hexanol (CAS # 104-76-7) and isobutyl alcohol (CAS # 78-83-1) as suitable read across analogs, which provided a MOE > 100. The phototoxicity/photoallergenicity endpoint was completed based on suitable UV spectra. The environmental endpoint was completed as described in the RIFM Framework.
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Api AM, Belsito D, Bhatia S, Bruze M, Calow P, Dagli ML, Dekant W, Fryer AD, Kromidas L, La Cava S, Lalko JF, Lapczynski A, Liebler DC, Penning TM, Politano VT, Ritacco G, Salvito D, Schultz TW, Shen J, Sipes IG, Wall B, Wilcox DK. RIFM fragrance ingredient safety assessment, 2-methylundecanol, CAS Registry Number 10522-26-6. Food Chem Toxicol 2016; 97S:S119-S128. [PMID: 27475044 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2016.07.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2016] [Accepted: 07/25/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
This material was evaluated for genotoxicity, repeated dose toxicity, reproductive toxicity, local respiratory toxicity, phototoxicity/photoallergenicity, skin sensitization, as well as environmental safety. Data from the suitable read across analogs 2-butyloctan-1-ol (CAS # 3913-02-8) and 2-ethyl-1-hexanol (CAS # 104-76-7) show that this material is not genotoxic nor does it have skin sensitization potential. The reproductive and local respiratory toxicity endpoints were completed using the TTC (Threshold of Toxicological Concern) for a Cramer Class I material (0.03 and 1.4 mg/day, respectively). The repeated dose toxicity endpoint was completed using 2-ethyl-1-hexanol (CAS # 104-76-7) and 1-heptanol, 2-propyl (CAS # 10042-59-8) as suitable read across analogs, which provided a MOE > 100. The developmental toxicity endpoint was completed using 2-ethyl-1-hexanol (CAS # 104-76-7) as a suitable read across analog, which provided a MOE > 100 The phototoxicity/photoallergenicity endpoint was completed based on suitable UV spectra. The environmental endpoint was completed as described in the RIFM Framework.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Api
- Research Institute for Fragrance Materials, Inc., 50 Tice Boulevard, Woodcliff Lake, NJ, 07677, USA.
| | - D Belsito
- Columbia University Medical Center, Department of Dermatology, 161 Fort Washington Ave., New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - S Bhatia
- Research Institute for Fragrance Materials, Inc., 50 Tice Boulevard, Woodcliff Lake, NJ, 07677, USA
| | - M Bruze
- Malmo University Hospital, Department of Occupational & Environmental Dermatology, Sodra Forstadsgatan 101, Entrance 47, Malmo, SE-20502, Sweden
| | - P Calow
- Humphrey School of Public Affairs, University of Minnesota, 301 19th Avenue South, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - M L Dagli
- University of Sao Paulo, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Department of Pathology, Av. Prof. dr. Orlando Marques de Paiva, 87, Sao Paulo, CEP 05508-900, Brazil
| | - W Dekant
- University of Wuerzburg, Department of Toxicology, Versbacher Str. 9, 97078, Würzburg, Germany
| | - A D Fryer
- Oregon Health Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd., Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - L Kromidas
- Research Institute for Fragrance Materials, Inc., 50 Tice Boulevard, Woodcliff Lake, NJ, 07677, USA
| | - S La Cava
- Research Institute for Fragrance Materials, Inc., 50 Tice Boulevard, Woodcliff Lake, NJ, 07677, USA
| | - J F Lalko
- Research Institute for Fragrance Materials, Inc., 50 Tice Boulevard, Woodcliff Lake, NJ, 07677, USA
| | - A Lapczynski
- Research Institute for Fragrance Materials, Inc., 50 Tice Boulevard, Woodcliff Lake, NJ, 07677, USA
| | - D C Liebler
- Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, Center in Molecular Toxicology, 638 Robinson Research Building, 2200 Pierce Avenue, Nashville, TN, 37232-0146, USA
| | - T M Penning
- University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Center of Excellence in Environmental Toxicology, 1316 Biomedical Research Building (BRB) II/III, 421 Curie Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA, 19104-3083, USA
| | - V T Politano
- Research Institute for Fragrance Materials, Inc., 50 Tice Boulevard, Woodcliff Lake, NJ, 07677, USA
| | - G Ritacco
- Research Institute for Fragrance Materials, Inc., 50 Tice Boulevard, Woodcliff Lake, NJ, 07677, USA
| | - D Salvito
- Research Institute for Fragrance Materials, Inc., 50 Tice Boulevard, Woodcliff Lake, NJ, 07677, USA
| | - T W Schultz
- The University of Tennessee, College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Comparative Medicine, 2407 River Dr., Knoxville, TN, 37996- 4500, USA
| | - J Shen
- Research Institute for Fragrance Materials, Inc., 50 Tice Boulevard, Woodcliff Lake, NJ, 07677, USA
| | - I G Sipes
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Arizona, College of Medicine, 1501 North Campbell Avenue, P.O. Box 245050, Tucson, AZ, 85724-5050, USA
| | - B Wall
- Research Institute for Fragrance Materials, Inc., 50 Tice Boulevard, Woodcliff Lake, NJ, 07677, USA
| | - D K Wilcox
- Research Institute for Fragrance Materials, Inc., 50 Tice Boulevard, Woodcliff Lake, NJ, 07677, USA
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Chan WR, Cohn S, Sidheswaran M, Sullivan DP, Fisk WJ. Contaminant levels, source strengths, and ventilation rates in California retail stores. INDOOR AIR 2015; 25:381-392. [PMID: 25155526 DOI: 10.1111/ina.12152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2014] [Accepted: 08/15/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED This field study measured ventilation rates and indoor air quality in 21 visits to retail stores in California. Three types of stores, such as grocery, furniture/hardware stores, and apparel, were sampled. Ventilation rates measured using a tracer gas decay method exceeded the minimum requirement of California's Title 24 Standard in all but one store. Concentrations of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), ozone, and carbon dioxide measured indoors and outdoors were analyzed. Even though there was adequate ventilation according to standard, concentrations of formaldehyde and acetaldehyde exceeded the most stringent chronic health guidelines in many of the sampled stores. The whole-building emission rates of VOCs were estimated from the measured ventilation rates and the concentrations measured indoor and outdoor. Estimated formaldehyde emission rates suggest that retail stores would need to ventilate at levels far exceeding the current Title 24 requirement to lower indoor concentrations below California's stringent formaldehyde reference level. Given the high costs of providing ventilation, effective source control is an attractive alternative. PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS Field measurements suggest that California retail stores were well ventilated relative to the minimum ventilation rate requirement specified in the Building Energy Efficiency Standards Title 24. Concentrations of formaldehyde found in retail stores were low relative to levels found in homes but exceeded the most stringent chronic health guideline. Looking ahead, California is mandating zero energy commercial buildings by 2030. To reduce the energy use from building ventilation while maintaining or even lowering formaldehyde in retail stores, effective formaldehyde source control measures are vitally important.
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Affiliation(s)
- W R Chan
- Indoor Environment Group, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - S Cohn
- Indoor Environment Group, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - M Sidheswaran
- Indoor Environment Group, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - D P Sullivan
- Indoor Environment Group, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - W J Fisk
- Indoor Environment Group, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
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14
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Salt-enhanced removal of 2-ethyl-1-hexanol from aqueous solutions by adsorption on activated carbon. J Colloid Interface Sci 2013; 412:7-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2013.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2013] [Revised: 08/29/2013] [Accepted: 09/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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15
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Wu S, Fisher J, Naciff J, Laufersweiler M, Lester C, Daston G, Blackburn K. Framework for Identifying Chemicals with Structural Features Associated with the Potential to Act as Developmental or Reproductive Toxicants. Chem Res Toxicol 2013; 26:1840-61. [DOI: 10.1021/tx400226u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shengde Wu
- Central Product Safety Department, The Procter & Gamble Company, 8700 Mason Montgomery Road, Mason, Ohio 45040, United States
| | - Joan Fisher
- Central Product Safety Department, The Procter & Gamble Company, 8700 Mason Montgomery Road, Mason, Ohio 45040, United States
| | - Jorge Naciff
- Central Product Safety Department, The Procter & Gamble Company, 8700 Mason Montgomery Road, Mason, Ohio 45040, United States
| | - Michael Laufersweiler
- Central Product Safety Department, The Procter & Gamble Company, 8700 Mason Montgomery Road, Mason, Ohio 45040, United States
| | - Cathy Lester
- Central Product Safety Department, The Procter & Gamble Company, 8700 Mason Montgomery Road, Mason, Ohio 45040, United States
| | - George Daston
- Central Product Safety Department, The Procter & Gamble Company, 8700 Mason Montgomery Road, Mason, Ohio 45040, United States
| | - Karen Blackburn
- Central Product Safety Department, The Procter & Gamble Company, 8700 Mason Montgomery Road, Mason, Ohio 45040, United States
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16
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Selyanchyn R, Nozoe T, Matsui H, Kadosawa T, Lee SW. TD-GC-MS Investigation of the VOCs Released from Blood Plasma of Dogs with Cancer. Diagnostics (Basel) 2013; 3:68-83. [PMID: 26835668 PMCID: PMC4665586 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics3010068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2012] [Revised: 12/31/2012] [Accepted: 01/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
An analytical TD-GC-MS method was developed and used for the assessment of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) released from the blood plasma of dogs with/without cancer. VOCs released from 40 samples of diseased blood and 10 control samples were compared in order to examine the difference between both sample groups that were showing qualitatively similar results independent from the disease's presence. However, mild disturbances in the spectra of dogs with cancer in comparison with the control group were observed, and six peaks (tentatively identified by comparison with mass spectral library as hexanal, octanal, toluene, 2-butanone, 1-octen-3-ol and pyrrole) revealed statistically significant differences between both sample groups, thereby suggesting that these compounds are potential biomarkers that can be used for cancer diagnosis based on the blood plasma TD-GC-MS analysis. Statistical comparison with the application of principal component analysis (PCA) provided accurate discrimination between the cancer and control groups, thus demonstrating stronger biochemical perturbations in blood plasma when cancer is present.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman Selyanchyn
- Graduate School of Environmental Engineering, the University of Kitakyushu, 1-1 Hibikino, Wakamatsu-ku, Kitakyushu 808-0135, Japan.
| | - Takuma Nozoe
- Graduate School of Environmental Engineering, the University of Kitakyushu, 1-1 Hibikino, Wakamatsu-ku, Kitakyushu 808-0135, Japan.
| | - Hidetaka Matsui
- Shinkou Seiki Co. Ltd., 1-18-3, Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan.
| | - Tsuyoshi Kadosawa
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, 582, Midorimachi, Bunkyodai, Ebetsu 069-8501, Japan.
| | - Seung-Woo Lee
- Graduate School of Environmental Engineering, the University of Kitakyushu, 1-1 Hibikino, Wakamatsu-ku, Kitakyushu 808-0135, Japan.
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'Becker LC, Bergfeld WF, Belsito DV, Hill RA, Klaassen CD, Liebler D, Marks JG, Shank RC, Slaga TJ, Snyder PW, Andersen FA. Safety Assessment of Alkyl Benzoates as Used in Cosmetics. Int J Toxicol 2013; 31:342S-72S. [DOI: 10.1177/1091581812467379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The functions of alkyl benzoates in cosmetics include fragrance ingredients, skin-conditioning agents—emollient, skin-conditioning agents—miscellaneous, preservatives, solvents, and plasticizers. The Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel reviewed the relevant animal and human data and noted gaps in the available safety data for some of the alkyl benzoates. Similar structure activity relationships, biologic functions, and cosmetic product usage allowed the available data of many of the alkyl benzoates to be extended to the entire group. Carcinogenicity data were not available, but available data indicated that these alkyl benzoate cosmetic ingredients are not genotoxic. Also benzoic acid and tested component alcohols were not reproductive or developmental toxicants, are not genotoxic in almost all assays, and are not carcinogenic. These ingredients were determined to be safe in the present practices of use and concentration.
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18
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Belsito D, Bickers D, Bruze M, Calow P, Greim H, Hanifin JM, Rogers AE, Saurat JH, Sipes IG, Tagami H. A safety assessment of branched chain saturated alcohols when used as fragrance ingredients. Food Chem Toxicol 2010; 48 Suppl 4:S1-46. [PMID: 20659630 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2010.05.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The Branched Chain Saturated Alcohol (BCSA) group of fragrance ingredients was evaluated for safety. In humans, no evidence of skin irritation was found at concentrations of 2-10%. Undiluted, 11 materials evaluated caused moderate to severe eye irritation. As current end product use levels are between 0.001% and 1.7%, eye irritation is not a concern. The materials have no or low sensitizing potential. For individuals who are already sensitized, an elicitation reaction is possible. Due to lack of UVA/UVB light-absorbing structures, and review of phototoxic/photoallergy data, the BCSA are not expected to elicit phototoxicity or photoallergy. The 15 materials tested have a low order of acute toxicity. Following repeated application, seven BCSA tested were of low systemic toxicity. Studies performed on eight BCSA and three metabolites show no in vivo or in vitro genotoxicity. A valid carcinogenicity study showed that 2-ethyl-1-hexanol is a weak inducer of liver tumors in female mice, however, the relevance of this effect and mode of action to humans is still a matter of debate. The Panel is of the opinion that there are no safety concerns regarding BCSA under the present levels of use and exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Belsito
- University of Missouri (Kansas City), c/o American Dermatology Associates, LLC, 6333 Long Avenue, Third Floor, Shawnee, KS 66216, USA
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