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Kusama-Eguchi K, Tokui Y, Minoura A, Yanai Y, Hirose D, Furukawa M, Kosuge Y, Miura M, Ohkoshi E, Makino M, Minagawa K, Matsuzaki K, Ogawa Y, Watanabe K, Ohsaki A. 2(3H)-Dihydrofranolactone metabolites from Pleosporales sp. NUH322 as anti-amyotrophic lateral sclerosis drugs. J Nat Med 2024; 78:146-159. [PMID: 37804412 DOI: 10.1007/s11418-023-01751-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/09/2023]
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a devastating motor disease with limited treatment options. A domestic fungal extract library was screened using three assays related to the pathophysiology of ALS with the aim of developing a novel ALS drug. 2(3H)-dihydrofuranolactones 1 and 2, and five known compounds 3-7 were isolated from Pleosporales sp. NUH322 culture media, and their protective activity against the excitotoxicity of β-N-oxalyl-L-α,β-diaminopropionic acid (ODAP), an α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA)-type glutamatergic agonist, was evaluated under low mitochondrial glutathione levels induced by ethacrynic acid (EA) and low sulfur amino acids using our developed ODAP-EA assay. Additional assays evaluated the recovery from cytotoxicity caused by transfected SOD1-G93A, an ALS-causal gene, and the inhibitory effect against reactive oxygen species (ROS) elevation. The structures of 1 and 2 were elucidated using various spectroscopic methods. We synthesized 1 from D-ribose, and confirmed the absolute structure. Isolated and synthesized 1 displayed higher ODAP-EA activities than the extract and represented its activity. Furthermore, 1 exhibited protective activity against SOD1-G93A-induced toxicity. An ALS mouse model, SOD1-G93A, of both sexes, was treated orally with 1 at pre- and post-symptomatic stages. The latter treatment significantly extended their lifespan (p = 0.03) and delayed motor deterioration (p = 0.001-0.01). Our result suggests that 1 is a promising lead compound for the development of ALS drugs with a new spectrum of action targeting both SOD1-G93A proteopathy and excitotoxicity through its action on the AMPA-type glutamatergic receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuniko Kusama-Eguchi
- Department of Chemistry, College of Humanities and Science, Ninon University, Setagaya-Ku, Tokyo, 156-8550, Japan.
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy, Nihon University, Funabashi, Chiba, 274-8555, Japan.
- Laboratory of Medical Microbiology, School of Pharmacy, Nihon University. Funabashi, Chiba, 274-8555, Japan.
| | - Yuki Tokui
- Department of Chemistry, College of Humanities and Science, Ninon University, Setagaya-Ku, Tokyo, 156-8550, Japan
| | - Ai Minoura
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy, Nihon University, Funabashi, Chiba, 274-8555, Japan
| | - Yuta Yanai
- Department of Chemistry, College of Humanities and Science, Ninon University, Setagaya-Ku, Tokyo, 156-8550, Japan
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy, Nihon University, Funabashi, Chiba, 274-8555, Japan
| | - Dai Hirose
- Laboratory of Medical Microbiology, School of Pharmacy, Nihon University. Funabashi, Chiba, 274-8555, Japan
| | - Megumi Furukawa
- Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Nihon University, Funabashi, Chiba, 274-8555, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Kosuge
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nihon University, Funabashi, Chiba, 274-8555, Japan
| | - Motofumi Miura
- Laboratory of Molecular Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Nihon University, Funabashi, Chiba, 274-8555, Japan
| | - Emika Ohkoshi
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Aomori University, Aomori, Aomori, 030-0943, Japan
| | - Mitsuko Makino
- Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Nihon University, Funabashi, Chiba, 274-8555, Japan
| | - Kimino Minagawa
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy, Nihon University, Funabashi, Chiba, 274-8555, Japan
- Division of Genomic Epidemiology and Clinical Trials, Clinical Trials Research Center, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keiichi Matsuzaki
- Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Nihon University, Funabashi, Chiba, 274-8555, Japan
| | - Yoshio Ogawa
- Laboratory of Medical Microbiology, School of Pharmacy, Nihon University. Funabashi, Chiba, 274-8555, Japan
| | - Kazuko Watanabe
- Laboratory of Medical Microbiology, School of Pharmacy, Nihon University. Funabashi, Chiba, 274-8555, Japan
| | - Ayumi Ohsaki
- Department of Chemistry, College of Humanities and Science, Ninon University, Setagaya-Ku, Tokyo, 156-8550, Japan.
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Aaslyng MD, Dam AB, Petersen IL, Christoffersen T. Protein content and amino acid composition in the diet of Danish vegans: a cross-sectional study. BMC Nutr 2023; 9:131. [PMID: 37968717 PMCID: PMC10647079 DOI: 10.1186/s40795-023-00793-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A growing proportion of the population are replacing their dietary animal protein with plant protein. A particular example of this trend is the vegan diet, which excludes all food items of animal origin. However, the DIAAS score for individual plant proteins is generally lower than that of animal proteins due to an unbalanced amino acid composition and lower bioavailability. Care must therefore be taken to meet the nutritional recommendations in the daily food intake. METHODS A three-day dietary food record was carried out by 40 Danish vegans in a cross-sectional study. The data were analysed, with particular emphasis on protein requirements and the essential amino acid composition of the diet. RESULTS The protein recommendations were met on all three days by 60% of the participants. In contrast, 18% did not meet the protein recommendations on any of the three days and 7% met the recommendations on only one of the days. Lysine was the most limiting amino acid (only 50% met the recommendations every day) followed by the sulphur-containing amino acids (recommendations met by 67.5%), leucine and valine (recommendations met by 70%). Combining both the amount of protein and the intake of the essential amino acids showed that less than half of the participants met the recommendations on all three days (47.5%) and 35% did not meet the recommendations on any days or on one day only. CONCLUSION In conclusion, our study showed that many of the participants in the present study failed to meet the daily protein intake requirements, both on single days and on all three days. Furthermore, the food intake was found to have an inadequate amino acid composition and was particularly limited by the essential amino acids lysine, the sulphur-containing amino acids, and leucine and valine. This could be ascribed to the fact that only a limited number of protein sources were consumed during a day.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margit D Aaslyng
- University College Absalon, Nutrition and Health, Sdr. Stationsvej 30, Slagelse, 4200, Denmark.
| | - Astrid Bøgebjerg Dam
- University College Absalon, Nutrition and Health, Sdr. Stationsvej 30, Slagelse, 4200, Denmark
| | - Iben Lykke Petersen
- Department of Food Science, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 26, Frederiksberg C, 1958, Denmark
| | - Tenna Christoffersen
- University College Absalon, Nutrition and Health, Sdr. Stationsvej 30, Slagelse, 4200, Denmark
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Verma A, Nidhi N, Kaur G, Mantri S, Sharma TR, Pandey AK, Kandoth PK. Contrasting β-ODAP content correlates with stress gene expression in Lathyrus cultivars. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2022; 174:e13616. [PMID: 35199360 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Lathyrus sativus, commonly known as grass pea, is a nutrient-rich pulse crop with remarkable climate-resilient attributes. However, wide use of this nutritious crop is not adopted owing to the presence of a non-protein amino acid β-N-oxalyl-l-α,β-diaminopropionic acid (β-ODAP), which is neurotoxic if consumed in large quantities. We conducted a de novo transcriptomic profiling of two ODAP contrasting cultivars, Pusa-24 and its somaclonal variant Ratan, to understand the genetic changes leading to and associated with β-ODAP levels. Differential gene expression analysis showed that a variety of genes are downregulated in low β-ODAP cultivar Ratan and include genes involved in biotic/abiotic stress tolerance, redox metabolism, hormonal metabolism, and sucrose, and starch metabolism. Several genes related to chromatin remodeling are differentially expressed in cultivar Ratan. β-ODAP biosynthetic genes in these cultivars showed differential upregulation upon stress. ODAP content of these cultivars varied differentially upon stress and development. Physiological experiments indicate reduced relative water content and perturbed abscisic acid levels in the low ODAP cultivar. Altogether, our results suggest that the low ODAP cultivar may have a reduced stress tolerance. The dataset provides insight into the biological role of ODAP and will be helpful for hypothesis-driven experiments to understand ODAP biosynthesis and regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjali Verma
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, Mohali, India
- Regional Centre for Biotechnology, Faridabad, India
| | - Nidhi Nidhi
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, Mohali, India
| | - Gazaldeep Kaur
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, Mohali, India
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Song Y, Wang L, Liu F, Jiao C, Nan H, Shen X, Chen H, Li Y, Lei B, Jiang J, Chen P, Xu Q. β-Cyanoalanine Synthase Regulates the Accumulation of β-ODAP via Interaction with Serine Acetyltransferase in Lathyrus sativus. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:1953-1962. [PMID: 33538593 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c07542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
β-N-Oxalyl-l-α,β-diaminopropionic acid (β-ODAP), found in Lathyrus sativus at first, causes a neurological disease, lathyrism, when over ingested in an unbalanced diet. Our previous research suggested that β-ODAP biosynthesis is related to sulfur metabolism. In this study, β-cyanoalanine synthase (β-CAS) was confirmed to be responsible for β-ODAP biosynthesis via in vitro enzymatic analysis. LsCAS was found to be pyridoxal phosphate (PLP)-dependent via spectroscopic analysis and dual functional via enzymatic activity analysis. Generation of a M135T/M235S/S239T triple mutant of LsCAS, which are the key sites to control the ratio of CAS/cysteine synthase (CS) activity, switches reaction chemistry to that of a CS. LsCAS interactions were further screened and verified via Y2H, BiFC and pull-down assay. It was suggested that LsSAT2 interacts and forms a cysteine regulatory complex (CRC) with LsCAS in mitochondria, which improves LsSAT while reduces LsCAS activities to affect β-ODAP content positively. These results provide new insights into the molecular regulation of β-ODAP content in L. sativus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaoyao Song
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Center for Ecological and Environmental Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, Shaanxi, China
| | - Fengjuan Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Chengjin Jiao
- College of Bioengineering and Biotechnology, Tianshui Normal University, Tianshui 741000, Gansu, China
| | - Hao Nan
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiao Shen
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Hong Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yifan Li
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Beilei Lei
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jinglong Jiang
- School of Biological Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong 723001, Shaanxi, China
| | - Peng Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Quanle Xu
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
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Xu Q, Qu J, Song B, Liu F, Chen P, Krishnan HB. Lathyrus sativus Originating from Different Geographical Regions Reveals Striking Differences in Kunitz and Bowman-Birk Inhibitor Activities. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:8119-8129. [PMID: 31265283 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b02604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Grass pea (Lathyrus sativus L.) is an important legume commonly grown in arid and semi-arid regions. This protein-rich legume performs well even under harsh environmental conditions and is considered to be a strategic famine food in developing countries. Unfortunately, its potential usage is greatly limited as a result of the presence of antinutritional factors, including the neuroexcitatory amino acid β-N-oxalyl-l-α,β-diaminopropionic acid (β-ODAP) and protease inhibitors. β-ODAP is responsible for a neurodegenerative syndrome that results in the paralysis of lower limbs, while protease inhibitors affect protein digestibility, resulting in reduced growth. Concerted research efforts have led to development of grass pea cultivars with reduced β-ODAP content. In contrast, very little information is available on the protease inhibitors of L. sativus. In this study, we have conducted biochemical characterization of 51 L. sativus accessions originating from different geographical regions. Sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analyses of seed globulins and prolamins revealed striking similarity in their protein profile, although geographic-specific variations in profiles was also evident. Measurement of Bowman-Birk chymotrypsin inhibitor (BBi) and Kunitz trypsin inhibitor (KTi) activities in accessions revealed striking differences among them. Amino acid sequence alignment of grass pea BBi and KTi revealed significant homology to protease inhibitors from several legumes. Real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis demonstrated high-level expression of BBi and KTi in dry seeds and weak expression in other organs. Our study demonstrates substantial variation in BBi and KTi among grass pea accessions that could be exploited in breeding programs for the development of grass pea lines that are devoid of these antinutritional factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quanle Xu
- College of Life Sciences , Northwest A&F University , Yangling , Shaanxi 712100 , People's Republic of China
- Plant Genetics Research, United States Department of Agriculture's Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS) , University of Missouri , Columbia , Missouri 65211 , United States
| | - Jinmiao Qu
- College of Life Sciences , Northwest A&F University , Yangling , Shaanxi 712100 , People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Song
- Plant Genetics Research, United States Department of Agriculture's Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS) , University of Missouri , Columbia , Missouri 65211 , United States
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology at the Chinese Ministry of Education , Northeast Agricultural University , Harbin , Heilongjiang 150030 , People's Republic of China
| | - Fengjuan Liu
- College of Life Sciences , Northwest A&F University , Yangling , Shaanxi 712100 , People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Chen
- College of Life Sciences , Northwest A&F University , Yangling , Shaanxi 712100 , People's Republic of China
| | - Hari B Krishnan
- Plant Genetics Research, United States Department of Agriculture's Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS) , University of Missouri , Columbia , Missouri 65211 , United States
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Buta MB, Emire SA, Posten C, Andrée S, Greiner R. Reduction of β-ODAP and IP 6 contents in Lathyrus sativus L. seed by high hydrostatic pressure. Food Res Int 2019; 120:73-82. [PMID: 31000291 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2019.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Revised: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Grass pea (Lathyrus sativus L.) seeds contain an endogenous neurotoxic non-proteinogenic amino acid, β-N-oxalyl-l-α,β-diaminopropionic acid (β-ODAP), a major limiting factor-for their human consumption. Furthermore, phytate (IP6), a well-known antinutrient is present in concentration capable of hindering bioavailability of iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P) and other micronutrients from the seeds. Due to the reported capability of high hydrostatic pressure (HHP) to reduce the content of certain antinutritional/toxic agents in seeds and grains, the impact of HHP on the reduction of β-ODAP and IP6 were investigated. The contents of β-ODAP of accessions from different regions in Ethiopia were found to be in the range of 51.94 to 806.52 mg/100 g. Accession (GF1- Alemu, AK) exhibiting the highest β-ODAP content was selected for HHP treatment in soaked and batter forms using Central Composite Face Centered Design of experiments. The best HHP conditions in respect to β-ODAP reduction were also applied to the accession (GP-240038) with the lowest β-ODAP-content, a genetically improved variety (Wassie) and a variety from Germany (GR). The HHP treatment at 600 MPa for 25 min of seeds soaked for 6 h and 12 h exhibited the maximum reduction of β-ODAP (232.11 mg/100 g) and IP6 (21.11 mg/100 g) respectively. The combined incremental effect of pressure and soaking time resulted in a more significant (p ≤ .001) reduction in both compounds than the interaction of pressure with holding time (p ≤ .05). A reduction of β-ODAP from 36.00 to 71.22% by soaked-HHP treatment was observed. β-ODAP reductions were always higher for soaked compared to batter grass pea seeds. IP6 contents after HHP treatment ranged from 33.65 mg/100 g to nill. It can be concluded that pressure, soaking and holding time as well as the grass pea seed accession/variety had great impact on molecular structure changes, enhancement of enzyme activity and reduction in β-ODAP and IP6 content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meseret Bekele Buta
- School of Chemical and Bioengineering, Department of Food Engineering, Addis Ababa Institute of Technology, P.O.B: 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Department of Food Technology and Bioprocess Engineering, Max Rubner-Institut, Federal Research Institute of Nutrition and Food, Haid-und-Neu-Str. 9, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany; Institute of Process Engineering in Life Sciences III Bioprocess Engineering, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Fritz-Haber-Weg 2, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Shimelis Admassu Emire
- School of Chemical and Bioengineering, Department of Food Engineering, Addis Ababa Institute of Technology, P.O.B: 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Clemens Posten
- Institute of Process Engineering in Life Sciences III Bioprocess Engineering, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Fritz-Haber-Weg 2, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Sabine Andrée
- Institute for Safety and Quality of Meat, Max Rubner-Institut, Federal Research Institute of Nutrition and Food, E.-C.-Baumann-Straße 20, 95326 Kulmbach, Germany
| | - Ralf Greiner
- Department of Food Technology and Bioprocess Engineering, Max Rubner-Institut, Federal Research Institute of Nutrition and Food, Haid-und-Neu-Str. 9, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany.
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Tissue specific expression and in-silico characterization of a putative cysteine synthase gene from Lathyrus sativus L. Gene Expr Patterns 2017; 27:128-134. [PMID: 29247850 DOI: 10.1016/j.gep.2017.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2017] [Revised: 12/08/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Grass pea (Lathyrus sativus L.) is a worldwide popular pulse crop especially for its protein rich seeds with least production cost. However, the use of the crop became controversial due to the presence of non-protein amino acid, β-N-oxalyl-L-α, β-diaminopropionic acid (β-ODAP) in its seed and leaf, which is known as the principle neurotoxin to cause neurolathyrism (a motor neurodegenerative disease of humans and animals) during prolonged consumption as regular diet. Till date, the knowledge on β-ODAP biosynthesis in Lathyrus sp. is limited only to a small part of the complex bio-chemical steps involved including a few known sulfur-containing enzymes (viz. cysteine synthase, ODAP synthase etc.). In Lathyrus sativus, biosynthesis of β-ODAP varies differentially in a tissue-specific manner as well as in response to several environmental stresses viz. zinc deficiency, iron over-exposure, moisture stress etc. In the present study, a novel cysteine synthase gene (LsCSase) from Lathyrus sativus L was identified and characterized through bioinformatics approaches. The bioinformatic analysis revealed that LsCSase showed maximum similarity with the O-acetyl serine (thiol) lyase of Medicago truncatula with respect to several significant sequence-specific conserved motifs (cysK, CBS like, ADH_zinc_N, PALP), sub-cellular localization (chloroplast or cytoplasm) etc., similar to other members of cysteine synthase protein family. Moreover, the tissue-specific regulation of the LsCSase as well as its transcriptional activation under certain previously reported stressed conditions (low Zn+2-high Fe+2, PEG induced osmotic stress) were also documented through quantitative real-time PCR analyses, suggesting a possible link between the LsCSase gene activation and β-ODAP biosynthesis to manage external stresses in grass pea. This preliminary study offers a probable way towards the development of less toxic consumer-safe grass pea by down-regulation or deactivation of such gene/s (cysteine synthase) through genetic manipulations.
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8
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Liu F, Jiao C, Bi C, Xu Q, Chen P, Heuberger AL, Krishnan HB. Metabolomics Approach To Understand Mechanisms of β-N-Oxalyl-l-α,β-diaminopropionic Acid (β-ODAP) Biosynthesis in Grass Pea (Lathyrus sativus L.). JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2017; 65:10206-10213. [PMID: 29112818 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b04037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A study was performed to identify metabolic processes associated with β-ODAP synthesis in grass pea using a metabolomics approach. GC-MS metabolomics was performed on seedlings at 2, 6, and 25 days after sowing. A total of 141 metabolites were detected among the three time points representing much of grass pea primary metabolism, including amino acids, carbohydrates, purines, and others. Principal component analysis revealed unique metabolite profiles of grass pea tissues among the three time points. Fold change, hierarchical clustering, and orthogonal projections to latent structures-discriminant analyses, and biochemical pathway ontologies were used to characterize covariance of metabolites with β-ODAP content. The data indicates that alanine and nitrogen metabolism, cysteine and sulfur metabolism, and purine, pyrimidine, and pyridine metabolism were associated with β-ODAP metabolism. Our results reveal the metabolite profiles in grass pea development and provide insights into mechanisms of β-ODAP accumulation and degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengjuan Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University , Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Chengjin Jiao
- College of Bioengineering and Biotechnology, Tianshui Normal University , Tianshui, Gansu 741000, China
| | - Chunxiao Bi
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University , Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Quanle Xu
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University , Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Peng Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University , Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Adam L Heuberger
- Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Colorado State University , Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| | - Hari B Krishnan
- Plant Genetics Research Unit, USDA-Agricultural Research Service, University of Missouri , Columbia, Missouri 65211, United States
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9
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Xu Q, Liu F, Chen P, Jez JM, Krishnan HB. β-N-Oxalyl-l-α,β-diaminopropionic Acid (β-ODAP) Content in Lathyrus sativus: The Integration of Nitrogen and Sulfur Metabolism through β-Cyanoalanine Synthase. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18030526. [PMID: 28264526 PMCID: PMC5372542 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18030526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2017] [Revised: 02/06/2017] [Accepted: 02/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Grass pea (Lathyrus sativus L.) is an important legume crop grown mainly in South Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa. This underutilized legume can withstand harsh environmental conditions including drought and flooding. During drought-induced famines, this protein-rich legume serves as a food source for poor farmers when other crops fail under harsh environmental conditions; however, its use is limited because of the presence of an endogenous neurotoxic nonprotein amino acid β-N-oxalyl-l-α,β-diaminopropionic acid (β-ODAP). Long-term consumption of Lathyrus and β-ODAP is linked to lathyrism, which is a degenerative motor neuron syndrome. Pharmacological studies indicate that nutritional deficiencies in methionine and cysteine may aggravate the neurotoxicity of β-ODAP. The biosynthetic pathway leading to the production of β-ODAP is poorly understood, but is linked to sulfur metabolism. To date, only a limited number of studies have been conducted in grass pea on the sulfur assimilatory enzymes and how these enzymes regulate the biosynthesis of β-ODAP. Here, we review the current knowledge on the role of sulfur metabolism in grass pea and its contribution to β-ODAP biosynthesis. Unraveling the fundamental steps and regulation of β-ODAP biosynthesis in grass pea will be vital for the development of improved varieties of this underutilized legume.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quanle Xu
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.
- Plant Genetics Research Unit, USDA-Agricultural Research Service, 108 Curtis Hall, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA.
| | - Fengjuan Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Peng Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Joseph M Jez
- Department of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA.
| | - Hari B Krishnan
- Plant Genetics Research Unit, USDA-Agricultural Research Service, 108 Curtis Hall, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA.
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Kristanc L, Kreft S. European medicinal and edible plants associated with subacute and chronic toxicity part II: Plants with hepato-, neuro-, nephro- and immunotoxic effects. Food Chem Toxicol 2016; 92:38-49. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2016.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2016] [Revised: 03/15/2016] [Accepted: 03/18/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Sacristán M, Varela A, Pedrosa MM, Burbano C, Cuadrado C, Legaz ME, Muzquiz M. Determination of β-N-oxalyl-L-α,β-diaminopropionic acid and homoarginine in Lathyrus sativus and Lathyrus cicera by capillary zone electrophoresis. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2015; 95:1414-1420. [PMID: 24954190 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.6792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2014] [Revised: 05/27/2014] [Accepted: 06/16/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lathyrus species as legumes represent an alternative protein source for human and animal nutrition. Heavy consumption of these species can lead to lathyrism, caused by the non-protein amino acid β-N-oxalyl-l-α,β-diaminopropionic acid (β-ODAP). Currently, there is no well-defined level below which β-ODAP is considered non-toxic. In this work, the β-ODAP content was determined in L. sativus and L. cicera samples to assess their potential toxicity. Homoarginine is another non-protein amino acid found in Lathyrus spp. with interesting implications for human and animal nutrition. RESULTS The level of β-ODAP found in these two species ranged from 0.79 to 5.05 mg g(-1). The homoarginine content of the samples ranged from 7.49 to 12.44 mg g(-1). CONCLUSION This paper describes an accurate, fast and sensitive method of simultaneous detection and quantification of β-ODAP and homoarginine by capillary zone electrophoresis in L. cicera and L. sativus seeds. Moreover, several methods of extraction were compared to determine the highest performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mara Sacristán
- Dpto. Tecnología de Alimentos, SGIT-INIA, Apdo. 8111, 28080, Madrid, Spain
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Holm JB, Grygorczyk R, Lambert IH. Volume-sensitive release of organic osmolytes in the human lung epithelial cell line A549: role of the 5-lipoxygenase. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2013; 305:C48-60. [PMID: 23485709 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00412.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Pathophysiological conditions challenge cell volume homeostasis and perturb cell volume regulatory mechanisms leading to alterations of cell metabolism, active transepithelial transport, cell migration, and death. We report that inhibition of the 5-lipoxygenase (5-LO) with AA861 or ETH 615-139, the cysteinyl leukotriene 1 receptor (CysLT₁) with the antiasthmatic drug Zafirlukast, or the volume-sensitive organic anion channel (VSOAC) with DIDS blocks the release of organic osmolytes (taurine, meAIB) and the concomitant cell volume restoration following hypoosmotic swelling of human type II-like lung epithelial cells (A549). Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are produced in A549 cells upon hypotonic cell swelling by a diphenylene iodonium-sensitive NADPH oxidase. The swelling-induced taurine release is suppressed by ROS scavenging (butylated hydroxytoluene, N-acetyl cysteine) and potentiated by H₂O₂. Ca²⁺ mobilization with ionomycin or ATP stimulates the swelling-induced taurine release whereas calmodulin inhibition (W7) inhibits the release. Chelation of the extracellular Ca²⁺ (EGTA) had no effect on swelling-induced taurine release but prevented ATP-induced stimulation. H₂O₂, ATP, and ionomycin were unable to stimulate the taurine release in the presence of AA861 or Zafirlukast, placing 5-LO and CysLT₁ as essential elements in the swelling-induced activation of VSOAC with ROS and Ca²⁺ as potent modulators. Inhibition of tyrosine kinases (genistein, cucurbitacin) reduces volume-sensitive taurine release, adding tyrosine kinases (Janus kinase) as regulators of VSOAC activity. Caspase-3 activity during hypoxia is unaffected by inhibition of 5-LO/CysLT₁ but reduced when swelling-induced taurine loss via VSOAC is prevented by DIDS excess extracellular taurine, indicating a beneficial role of taurine under hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob Bak Holm
- Department of Biology, Section of Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Wu SN, Yeh CC, Huang HC, So EC, Lo YC. Electrophysiological characterization of sodium-activated potassium channels in NG108-15 and NSC-34 motor neuron-like cells. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2012; 206:120-34. [PMID: 22533628 DOI: 10.1111/j.1748-1716.2012.02438.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2011] [Revised: 09/09/2011] [Accepted: 03/19/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The electrical properties of Na(+) -activated K(+) current (I(K(Na)) ) and its contribution to spike firing has not been characterized in motor neurons. METHODS We evaluated how activation of voltage-gated K(+) current (I(K) ) at the cellular level could be coupled to Na(+) influx through voltage-gated Na(+) current (I(N) (a) ) in two motor neuron-like cells (NG108-15 and NSC-34 cells). RESULTS Increasing stimulation frequency altered the amplitudes of both I(Na) and I(K) simultaneously. With changes in stimulation frequency, the kinetics of both I(Na) inactivation and I(K) activation were well correlated at the same cell. Addition of tetrodotoxin or ranolazine reduced the amplitudes of both I(Na) and I(K) simultaneously. Tefluthrin (Tef) increased the amplitudes of both I(Na) and I(K) throughout the voltages ranging from -30 to + 10 mV. In cell-attached recordings, single-channel conductance from a linear current-voltage relation was 94 ± 3 pS (n = 7). Tef (10 μm) enhanced channel activity with no change in single-channel conductance. Tef increased spike firing accompanied by enhanced facilitation of spike-frequency adaptation. Riluzole (10 μm) reversed Tef-stimulated activity of K(Na) channels. In motor neuron-like NSC-34 cells, increasing stimulation frequency altered the kinetics of both I(Na) and I(K) . Modelling studies of motor neurons were simulated to demonstrate that the magnitude of I(K(Na)) modulates AP firing. CONCLUSIONS There is a direct association of Na(+) and K(Na) channels which can provide the rapid activation of K(Na) channels required to regulate AP firing occurring in motor neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - C.-C. Yeh
- Department of Physiology; National Cheng Kung University Medical College; Tainan City; Taiwan
| | - H.-C. Huang
- Department of Physiology; National Cheng Kung University Medical College; Tainan City; Taiwan
| | - E. C. So
- Department of Anesthesia; Chi Mei Medical Center; Tainan City; Taiwan
| | - Y.-C. Lo
- Department of Pharmacology; Kaohsiung Medical University; Kaohsiung City; Taiwan
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