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Liu L, Zhang C, Zhang X, Liu H, Wang F. Efficient and well-controlled ring opening polymerization of biobased ethylene brassylate by α-diimine FeCl 3 catalysts via a coordination-insertion mechanism. Dalton Trans 2023; 52:17104-17108. [PMID: 37971360 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt02918b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
A highly efficient late-transition metal based catalytic system of α-diimine FeCl3 for well-controlled ring opening polymerization of a cheap and biobased macrolactone, ethylene brassylate (EB), is described herein. Proceeding via a coordination-insertion mechanism, such a catalytic system is capable of demonstrating unprecedented higher activities than previously reported organocatalysts or main-group metal based catalysts. Moreover, benefiting from the bulky nature of the α-diimine ligands, transesterification side reactions can be greatly suppressed, allowing the polymerization to proceed in a well-controlled living manner, as revealed from detailed kinetic studies. Additionally, such a catalytic system was also workable for ring opening copolymerization of EB and ε-caprolactone (ε-CL), giving the desired random copolymers with various compositions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijia Liu
- Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastics, Ministry of Education/Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Rubber-plastics, Qingdao University of Science & Technology, Qingdao, 266042, China.
| | - Chunyu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastics, Ministry of Education/Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Rubber-plastics, Qingdao University of Science & Technology, Qingdao, 266042, China.
| | - Xuequan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastics, Ministry of Education/Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Rubber-plastics, Qingdao University of Science & Technology, Qingdao, 266042, China.
| | - Heng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastics, Ministry of Education/Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Rubber-plastics, Qingdao University of Science & Technology, Qingdao, 266042, China.
| | - Feng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastics, Ministry of Education/Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Rubber-plastics, Qingdao University of Science & Technology, Qingdao, 266042, China.
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2
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van der Schyff V, Suchánková L, Kademoglou K, Melymuk L, Klánová J. Parabens and antimicrobial compounds in conventional and "green" personal care products. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 297:134019. [PMID: 35183580 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.134019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The personal care product (PCP) industry is a worldwide multi-billion-dollar industry. Several synthetic compounds like parabens and antimicrobial agents triclosan (TCS) and triclocarban (TCC) are ingredients in many PCPs. Due to growing public awareness of potential risks associated with parabens and other synthetic compounds, more PCPs are being marketed as "green," "alternative," or "natural." We analyzed 19 green and 34 conventional PCP products obtained from a European store for seven parabens, TCC, and TCS. We found no statistically significant difference in the concentrations between green and conventional products. Only four products mentioned parabens in the list of ingredients; however, parabens were detected in 43 products, and at μg/g levels in seven PCPs. Methylparaben was typically present at the highest concentration, and one mascara exceeded the European legal concentration limit of methylparaben. Low concentrations of isopropyl-, isobutyl-, and benzylparabens, which are banned in the EU, were detected in 70% of PCPs. The cumulative estimated daily intake of parabens is an order of magnitude higher for people using only conventional products than those using green products exclusively. We propose that legislation be developed with more explicit rules on when a product can be advertised as "green" to aid consumers' choices.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lenka Suchánková
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlarska 2, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Katerina Kademoglou
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlarska 2, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Lisa Melymuk
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlarska 2, Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Jana Klánová
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlarska 2, Brno, Czech Republic
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3
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Marxsen SF, Song D, Zhang X, Flores I, Fernández J, Sarasua JR, Müller AJ, Alamo RG. Crystallization Rate Minima of Poly(ethylene brassylate) at Temperatures Transitioning between Quantized Crystal Thicknesses. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c00308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie F. Marxsen
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, 2525 Pottsdamer St., Tallahassee, Florida 32310, United States
| | - Daokun Song
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, 2525 Pottsdamer St., Tallahassee, Florida 32310, United States
| | - Xiaoshi Zhang
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, 2525 Pottsdamer St., Tallahassee, Florida 32310, United States
| | - Irma Flores
- POLYMAT and Department of Polymers and Advanced Materials: Physics, Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 3, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Jorge Fernández
- POLIMERBIO SL, Paseo Miramón 170, Planta 3, Lab. B05, 20014 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - José Ramón Sarasua
- Department of Mining-Metallurgy Engineering and Materials Science, POLYMAT, Faculty of Engineering in Bilbao, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Plaza Torres Quevedo 1, 48013 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Alejandro J. Müller
- POLYMAT and Department of Polymers and Advanced Materials: Physics, Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 3, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Plaza Euskadi 5, 48009 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Rufina G. Alamo
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, 2525 Pottsdamer St., Tallahassee, Florida 32310, United States
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D'Auria I, Santulli F, Ciccone F, Giannattasio A, Mazzeo M, Pappalardo D. Synthesis of Semi‐Aromatic Di‐Block Polyesters by Terpolymerization of Macrolactones, Epoxides, and Anhydrides. ChemCatChem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.202100434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria D'Auria
- Department of Chemistry and Biology “A. Zambelli” University of Salerno Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132 84084 Fisciano SA Italy
| | - Federica Santulli
- Department of Chemistry and Biology “A. Zambelli” University of Salerno Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132 84084 Fisciano SA Italy
| | - Francesca Ciccone
- Department of Chemistry and Biology “A. Zambelli” University of Salerno Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132 84084 Fisciano SA Italy
| | - Alessia Giannattasio
- Department of Chemistry and Biology “A. Zambelli” University of Salerno Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132 84084 Fisciano SA Italy
| | - Mina Mazzeo
- Department of Chemistry and Biology “A. Zambelli” University of Salerno Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132 84084 Fisciano SA Italy
| | - Daniela Pappalardo
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Università del Sannio Via de Sanctis snc 82100 Benevento Italy
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Tseng WJ, Tsai SW. Assessment of dermal exposures for synthetic musks from personal care products in Taiwan. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 669:160-167. [PMID: 30878924 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.03.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2019] [Revised: 03/03/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Over the past decades, synthetic musks have been widely used as fragrances for enhancing scent and covering odor in many personal care products (PCPs). The presence of synthetic musk is of potential concern since health effects, such as photo-allergic reactions and neurotoxicity due to the exposures have been observed. To assess the associate health risks from possible exposures of synthetic musks in Taiwan, headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) coupled with gas chromatography/tandem mass spectrometers (GC/MS/MS) in multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode was used to determine 10 synthetic musks in total 109 PCPs samples. The results showed that the higher levels of synthetic musks were found in perfume, body lotion and hair care products. Galaxolide (HHCB) and Tonalide (AHTN) were found in every category of the PCPs samples. The median concentrations in 109 samples measured were 958.19 μg g-1 and 674.03 μg g-1 for HHCB and AHTN, respectively. Cashmeran (DPMI) was also found in all the samples collected with a median concentration of 144.62 μg g-1, except for categories of facial essences. Musk ketone (MK) was found in several PCPs categories, including perfume, body lotion, hair care product, and shower bath products, with a median concentration of 693.27 μg g-1. In addition, dermal exposures of synthetic musks were also estimated for people in Taiwan. The daily exposure of total synthetic musks through applications of PCPs was estimated to be 22.54 μg kg-1 body weight day-1. The results indicate that the skin contact of perfume and body lotion were the major sources for human exposures to synthetic musks in Taiwan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Ju Tseng
- Institute of Environmental Health, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, No. 17, Xuzhou Road, Taipei 100, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Wei Tsai
- Institute of Environmental Health, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, No. 17, Xuzhou Road, Taipei 100, Taiwan.
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Doležal P, Kyjaková P, Valterová I, Urban Š. Qualitative analyses of less-volatile organic molecules from female skin scents by comprehensive two dimensional gas chromatography–time of flight mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2017; 1505:77-86. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2017.04.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2016] [Revised: 04/26/2017] [Accepted: 04/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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7
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Zhang X, Yu Y, Gu Y, Li X, Zhang X, Yu Y. In vitro determination of transdermal permeation of synthetic musks and estimated dermal uptake through usage of personal care products. CHEMOSPHERE 2017; 173:417-424. [PMID: 28129620 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Revised: 11/23/2016] [Accepted: 01/01/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Synthetic musks, chemical constituents of personal care products, enter the human body through dermal contact. Elucidation of the mechanisms underlying transdermal permeation of synthetic musks should enhance our understanding of their uptake and distribution in human skin and allow accurate evaluation of associated human exposure. Here, the transdermal permeation dynamics and distribution of galaxolide (HHCB) and tonalide (AHTN) were investigated using an in vitro skin diffusion model. The transdermal permeation amounts of HHCB and AHTN increased rapidly during the first 6 h. The applied HHCB and AHTN amounts did not affect percutaneous absorption rates. HHCB and AHTN remained primarily in the stratum corneum, accounting for 70.0% and 70.3% of the totals during the 24-h period, respectively. The percutaneous absorption rate of both chemicals was ∼11%. HHCB, AHTN, musk ketone, musk xylene, and Musk-T were detected in 29 personal care products. The average total concentrations of the musks were 3990, 54.0, 17.7, and 9.8 μg g-1 in perfume, shampoo, lotion, and shower gel, respectively. Among the four product categories, HHCB was dominant (57.4%-99.6%), followed by AHTN. The data clearly indicate that polycyclic and nitro musks are most commonly used in personal care products. The total estimated dermal intake (51.6 μg kg-1bw day-1) was markedly higher than total dermal uptake (5.9 μg kg-1bw day-1) when percutaneous absorption rates of the chemicals were added into the calculation. Uptake of HHCB and AHTN via dermal contact of personal care products was significantly higher than that from dust inhalation calculated according to earlier literature data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolan Zhang
- Institute of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, PR China
| | - Yuling Yu
- Institute of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, PR China
| | - Yue Gu
- Institute of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, PR China
| | - Xiaojing Li
- Institute of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, PR China
| | - Xinyu Zhang
- Institute of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, PR China
| | - Yingxin Yu
- Institute of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, PR China.
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8
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Effect of molecular weight on the physical properties of poly(ethylene brassylate) homopolymers. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2016; 64:209-19. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2016.07.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2016] [Revised: 07/22/2016] [Accepted: 07/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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9
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RIFM fragrance ingredient safety assessment, ethylene brassylate, CAS Registry Number 105-95-3. Food Chem Toxicol 2016; 97S:S192-S200. [PMID: 27697541 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2016.09.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2016] [Accepted: 09/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
: The use of this material under current conditions is supported by existing information. This material was evaluated for genotoxicity, repeated dose toxicity, developmental and reproductive toxicity, local respiratory toxicity, phototoxicity/photoallergenicity, skin sensitization, as well as environmental safety. Data show that this material is not genotoxic nor does it have skin sensitization potential. The local respiratory toxicity endpoint was completed using the TTC (Threshold of Toxicological Concern) for a Cramer Class I material (1.4 mg/day). The repeated dose toxicity endpoint was completed using ethylene dodecanedioate (CAS # 54982-83-1) as a suitable read across analog, which provided a MOE > 100. The developmental and reproductive toxicity endpoint was completed using oxacyclohexadec-12-en-2-one, (12E)- (CAS # 111879-80-2) as a suitable read across analog, which provided a MOE > 100. The phototoxicity/photoallergenicity endpoint was completed based on suitable UV spectra along with data on the target material. The environmental endpoint was completed as described in the RIFM Framework along with data on the suitable read across analog oxacyclohexadec-12-en-2-one, (12E)- (CAS # 111879-80-2).
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Fernández J, Larrañaga A, Etxeberria A, Sarasua JR. Ethylene brassylate-co-δ-hexalactone biobased polymers for application in the medical field: synthesis, characterization and cell culture studies. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra01065b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Biodegradable polyesters based on ethylene brassylate and δ-hexalactone were synthesized by ring-opening polymerization and thoroughly characterized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Fernández
- Department of Mining-Metallurgy Engineering and Materials Science
- POLYMAT
- University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU)
- School of Engineering
- 48013 Bilbao
| | - Aitor Larrañaga
- Department of Mining-Metallurgy Engineering and Materials Science
- POLYMAT
- University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU)
- School of Engineering
- 48013 Bilbao
| | - Agustin Etxeberria
- Department of Polymer Science and Technology
- POLYMAT
- University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU)
- 20018 Donostia-San Sebastian
- Spain
| | - Jose-Ramon Sarasua
- Department of Mining-Metallurgy Engineering and Materials Science
- POLYMAT
- University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU)
- School of Engineering
- 48013 Bilbao
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Nakata H, Hinosaka M, Yanagimoto H. Macrocyclic-, polycyclic-, and nitro musks in cosmetics, household commodities and indoor dusts collected from Japan: implications for their human exposure. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2015; 111:248-255. [PMID: 25450941 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2014.09.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2014] [Revised: 09/26/2014] [Accepted: 09/30/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
This paper reported the occurrence and concentrations of macrocyclic-, polycyclic- and nitro musks in cosmetics and household commodities collected from Japan. The high concentrations and detection frequencies of Musk T, habanolide, and exaltolides were found in commercial products, suggesting their large amounts of production and usage in Japan. Polycyclic musks, HHCB and OTNE, also showed high concentrations in cosmetics and products. The estimated dairy intakes of Musk T and HHCB by the dermal exposure to commercial products were 7.8 and 7.9 μg/kg/day in human, respectively, and perfume and body lotion are dominant exposure sources. We also analyzed synthetic musks in house dusts. Polycyclic musks, HHCB and OTNE, showed high concentrations in samples, but macrocyclic musks were detected only in a few samples, although these types of musks were highly detected in commercial products. This is probably due to easy-degradation of macrocyclic musks in indoor environment. The dairy intakes of HHCB by dust ingestions were 0.22 ng/kg/day in human, which were approximately five orders of magnitudes lower than those of dermal absorption from commercial household commodities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haruhiko Nakata
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, 2-39-1 Kurokami, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 860-8555 Japan.
| | - Mari Hinosaka
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, 2-39-1 Kurokami, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 860-8555 Japan
| | - Hayato Yanagimoto
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, 2-39-1 Kurokami, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 860-8555 Japan
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