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Akaberi M, Forouzanfar F, Rakhshandeh H, Moshirian-Farahi SM. Analgesic effect of apricot kernel oil on neuropathic pain in rats. Heliyon 2024; 10:e34988. [PMID: 39170485 PMCID: PMC11336353 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e34988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 07/14/2024] [Accepted: 07/19/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Background A somatosensory nerve lesion or disease causes neuropathic pain. Presently, prescribed treatments are unsatisfactory or ineffective. The kernel oil of the apricot tree (Prunus armeniaca L) is known for its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. This study investigated the effect of apricot kernel oil in chronic constriction injury (CCI)- induced neuropathic pain in rats. Materials/Methods Liquid chromatography-electrospray mass spectrometry (LC-ESIMS) analysis was carried out to gain a deeper understanding of the apricot kernel oil's main compounds. Rats were treated daily with apricot kernel oil (2 and 4 ml/kg) or gabapentin (100 mg/kg) for 14 days after CCI induction. Hot plate, acetone drop, and Von Frey hair tests were performed to evaluate thermal and mechanical activity. Spinal cord malondialdehyde (MDA), total thiol, interleukin (IL)-1β, and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) levels were assessed to measure biochemical changes. Results The most detected compounds in apricot kernel oil were lipids and fatty acids. CCI produced a significant increase in thermal hyperalgesia, mechanical allodynia, and cold allodynia. Moreover, CCI increased the inflammation and oxidative stress markers in spinal cord samples. Oral administration of apricot kernel oil and gabapentin significantly decreased the CCI-induced nociceptive pain threshold. Besides, spinal cord biochemical changes were attenuated. Conclusions Our findings suggest that apricot kernel oil could attenuate neuropathic pain, possibly through anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Akaberi
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Forouzanfar
- Medical Toxicology Research Center, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hassan Rakhshandeh
- Pharmacological Research Center of Medicinal Plants, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Tang S, Wang M, Peng Y, Liang Y, Lei J, Tao Q, Ming T, Shen Y, Zhang C, Guo J, Xu H. Armeniacae semen amarum: a review on its botany, phytochemistry, pharmacology, clinical application, toxicology and pharmacokinetics. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1290888. [PMID: 38323080 PMCID: PMC10844384 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1290888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Armeniacae semen amarum-seeds of Prunus armeniaca L. (Rosaceae) (ASA), also known as Kuxingren in Chinese, is a traditional Chinese herbal drug commonly used for lung disease and intestinal disorders. It has long been used to treat coughs and asthma, as well as to lubricate the colon and reduce constipation. ASA refers to the dried ripe seed of diverse species of Rosaceae and contains a variety of phytochemical components, including glycosides, organic acids, amino acids, flavonoids, terpenes, phytosterols, phenylpropanoids, and other components. Extensive data shows that ASA exhibits various pharmacological activities, such as anticancer activity, anti-oxidation, antimicrobial activity, anti-inflammation, protection of cardiovascular, neural, respiratory and digestive systems, antidiabetic effects, and protection of the liver and kidney, and other activities. In clinical practice, ASA can be used as a single drug or in combination with other traditional Chinese medicines, forming ASA-containing formulas, to treat various afflictions. However, it is important to consider the potential adverse reactions and pharmacokinetic properties of ASA during its clinical use. Overall, with various bioactive components, diversified pharmacological actions and potent efficacies, ASA is a promising drug that merits in-depth study on its functional mechanisms to facilitate its clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shun Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Minmin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuhui Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuanjing Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiarong Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Qiu Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Tianqi Ming
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yanqiao Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Chuantao Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Jinlin Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Medical Technology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Haibo Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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Chen L, Qin Z, Ruan ZB. Hyperoside alleviates doxorubicin-induced myocardial cells apoptosis by inhibiting the apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1/p38 pathway. PeerJ 2023; 11:e15315. [PMID: 37220525 PMCID: PMC10200097 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.15315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Cardiotoxicity is a side effect of the anthracycline broad-spectrum anti-tumor agent, doxorubicin (DOX). Hyperoside, a flavonoid glycoside extracted from many herbs, has anti-apoptotic and anticancer properties. However, its impact on the alleviation of DOX-induced apoptosis in cardiomyocytes remains elusive. Methods The HL-1 cell line was treated with 100 µ M hyperoside for 1 h prior to treatment with 100 µ M hyperoside and 1 µ M DOX for 24 h. The cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay was used to detect cell viability; DCFH-DA fluorescent probe was used to detect (reactive oxygen species) ROS; biochemical methods were used to detect the activity of glutathione (GSH), catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA); the degree of apoptosis following DOX insult was assessed using immunofluorescence staining and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase mediated deoxy uridine triphosphate nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay; the change in protein expression of apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 (ASK1), p38, and apoptosis markers was determined using western blot. Results Hyperoside ameliorated DOX-induced oxidative stress in HL-1 cells, up-regulated GSH, SOD and CAT activity, reduced ROS production and inhibited MDA overproduction. Moreover, in addition to promoting HL-1 cell apoptosis, DOX administration also increased B-cell lymphoma (Bcl)-2-associated X-protein and cleaved caspase-3 protein levels and decreased Bcl-2 protein level. Hyperoside therapy, however, significantly reversed the impact of DOX on the cardiomyocytes. Mechanically, DOX treatment increased the phosphorylation of the ASK1/p38 axis whereas hyperoside treatment attenuated those changes. In a further step, hyperoside synergizes with DOX to kill MDA-MB-231 cells. Conclusions Hyperoside protects HL-1 cells from DOX-induced cardiotoxicity by inhibiting the ASK1/p38 signaling pathway. Meanwhile, hyperoside maintained the cytotoxicity of DOX in MDA-MB-231 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingxia Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Taizhou People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Taizhou School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Taizhou, China
| | - Zhi Qin
- Department of Cardiology, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Taizhou People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Taizhou School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Taizhou, China
| | - Zhong-bao Ruan
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Taizhou People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Taizhou School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Taizhou, China
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Kopčeková J, Kolesárová A, Schwarzová M, Kováčik A, Mrázová J, Gažarová M, Lenártová P, Chlebo P, Kolesárová A. Phytonutrients of Bitter Apricot Seeds Modulate Human Lipid Profile and LDL Subfractions in Adults with Elevated Cholesterol Levels. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19020857. [PMID: 35055679 PMCID: PMC8775948 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19020857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 01/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect of short-term consumption of bitter apricot seeds phytonutrients on cardiovascular risk factors with a special focus on LDL cholesterol subfractions using the Lipoprint system. A group of 34 adult volunteers (21 female/13 male) consumed 60 mg kg−1 of body weight of bitter apricot seeds daily for 42 days. Subjects were divided into two groups: one with normal cholesterol levels (NTC) and one with elevated total cholesterol levels (ETC). Blood serum levels of total cholesterol (T-C), low-density cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density cholesterol (HDL-C), and triglycerides (TG) did not change significantly (p > 0.05) in NTC group. However, there were significant decreasing of T-C (p ˂ 0.05) and LDL-C (p < 0.01) in ETC group. The LDL1, LDL2, and atherogenic LDL3−7 subfractions progressively decreased after 42 days of apricot seeds consumption in ETC group (p < 0.05). Apricot seeds consumption was associated with a significant increase in the mean LDL particle size especially in ETC group (p ˂ 0.01). The results of the present study support the hypothesis that daily consumption of bitter apricot seeds for 42 days positively modified the lipoprotein profile in the group with elevated total cholesterol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Kopčeková
- Institute of Nutrition and Genomics, Faculty of Agrobiology and Food Resources, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, 949 76 Nitra, Slovakia; (M.S.); (J.M.); (M.G.); (P.L.); (P.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +421-37-641-4225
| | - Anna Kolesárová
- Institute of Food Sciences, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, 949 76 Nitra, Slovakia;
| | - Marianna Schwarzová
- Institute of Nutrition and Genomics, Faculty of Agrobiology and Food Resources, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, 949 76 Nitra, Slovakia; (M.S.); (J.M.); (M.G.); (P.L.); (P.C.)
| | - Anton Kováčik
- Institute of Applied Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, 949 76 Nitra, Slovakia; (A.K.); (A.K.)
| | - Jana Mrázová
- Institute of Nutrition and Genomics, Faculty of Agrobiology and Food Resources, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, 949 76 Nitra, Slovakia; (M.S.); (J.M.); (M.G.); (P.L.); (P.C.)
| | - Martina Gažarová
- Institute of Nutrition and Genomics, Faculty of Agrobiology and Food Resources, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, 949 76 Nitra, Slovakia; (M.S.); (J.M.); (M.G.); (P.L.); (P.C.)
| | - Petra Lenártová
- Institute of Nutrition and Genomics, Faculty of Agrobiology and Food Resources, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, 949 76 Nitra, Slovakia; (M.S.); (J.M.); (M.G.); (P.L.); (P.C.)
| | - Peter Chlebo
- Institute of Nutrition and Genomics, Faculty of Agrobiology and Food Resources, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, 949 76 Nitra, Slovakia; (M.S.); (J.M.); (M.G.); (P.L.); (P.C.)
| | - Adriana Kolesárová
- Institute of Applied Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, 949 76 Nitra, Slovakia; (A.K.); (A.K.)
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Deng P, Cui B, Zhu H, Phommakoun B, Zhang D, Li Y, Zhao F, Zhao Z. Accumulation Pattern of Amygdalin and Prunasin and Its Correlation with Fruit and Kernel Agronomic Characteristics during Apricot ( Prunus armeniaca L.) Kernel Development. Foods 2021; 10:foods10020397. [PMID: 33670310 PMCID: PMC7918717 DOI: 10.3390/foods10020397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
To reveal the accumulation pattern of cyanogenic glycosides (amygdalin and prunasin) in bitter apricot kernels to further understand the metabolic mechanisms underlying differential accumulation during kernel development and ripening and explore the association between cyanogenic glycoside accumulation and the physical, chemical and biochemical indexes of fruits and kernels during fruit and kernel development, dynamic changes in physical characteristics (weight, moisture content, linear dimensions, derived parameters) and chemical and biochemical parameters (oil, amygdalin and prunasin contents, β-glucosidase activity) of fruits and kernels from ten apricot (Prunus armeniaca L.) cultivars were systematically studied at 10 day intervals, from 20 days after flowering (DAF) until maturity. High variability in most of physical, chemical and biochemical parameters was found among the evaluated apricot cultivars and at different ripening stages. Kernel oil accumulation showed similar sigmoid patterns. Amygdalin and prunasin levels were undetectable in the sweet kernel cultivars throughout kernel development. During the early stages of apricot fruit development (before 50 DAF), the prunasin level in bitter kernels first increased, then decreased markedly; while the amygdalin level was present in quite small amounts and significantly lower than the prunasin level. From 50 to 70 DAF, prunasin further declined to zero; while amygdalin increased linearly and was significantly higher than the prunasin level, then decreased or increased slowly until full maturity. The cyanogenic glycoside accumulation pattern indicated a shift from a prunasin-dominated to an amygdalin-dominated state during bitter apricot kernel development and ripening. β-glucosidase catabolic enzyme activity was high during kernel development and ripening in all tested apricot cultivars, indicating that β-glucosidase was not important for amygdalin accumulation. Correlation analysis showed a positive correlation of kernel amygdalin content with fruit dimension parameters, kernel oil content and β-glucosidase activity, but no or a weak positive correlation with kernel dimension parameters. Principal component analysis (PCA) showed that the variance accumulation contribution rate of the first three principal components totaled 84.56%, and not only revealed differences in amygdalin and prunasin contents and β-glucosidase activity among cultivars, but also distinguished different developmental stages. The results can help us understand the metabolic mechanisms underlying differential cyanogenic glycoside accumulation in apricot kernels and provide a useful reference for breeding high- or low-amygdalin-content apricot cultivars and the agronomic management, intensive processing and exploitation of bitter apricot kernels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Deng
- Key Comprehensive Laboratory of Forestry, College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi Province, Yangling 712100, China; (P.D.); (B.C.); (H.Z.); (B.P.); (D.Z.); (Y.L.)
- College of Biology and Pharmacy, Yulin Normal University, Yulin 537000, China
| | - Bei Cui
- Key Comprehensive Laboratory of Forestry, College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi Province, Yangling 712100, China; (P.D.); (B.C.); (H.Z.); (B.P.); (D.Z.); (Y.L.)
| | - Hailan Zhu
- Key Comprehensive Laboratory of Forestry, College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi Province, Yangling 712100, China; (P.D.); (B.C.); (H.Z.); (B.P.); (D.Z.); (Y.L.)
| | - Buangurn Phommakoun
- Key Comprehensive Laboratory of Forestry, College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi Province, Yangling 712100, China; (P.D.); (B.C.); (H.Z.); (B.P.); (D.Z.); (Y.L.)
| | - Dan Zhang
- Key Comprehensive Laboratory of Forestry, College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi Province, Yangling 712100, China; (P.D.); (B.C.); (H.Z.); (B.P.); (D.Z.); (Y.L.)
| | - Yiming Li
- Key Comprehensive Laboratory of Forestry, College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi Province, Yangling 712100, China; (P.D.); (B.C.); (H.Z.); (B.P.); (D.Z.); (Y.L.)
| | - Fei Zhao
- Beijing Agricultural Technology Extension Station, Beijing 100029, China;
| | - Zhong Zhao
- Key Comprehensive Laboratory of Forestry, College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi Province, Yangling 712100, China; (P.D.); (B.C.); (H.Z.); (B.P.); (D.Z.); (Y.L.)
- Correspondence:
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Kopčeková J, Kováčiková E, Kováčik A, Kolesárová A, Mrázová J, Chlebo P, Kolesárová A. Consumption of bitter apricot seeds affects lipid and endocrine profile in women. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART. B, PESTICIDES, FOOD CONTAMINANTS, AND AGRICULTURAL WASTES 2021; 56:378-386. [PMID: 33645417 DOI: 10.1080/03601234.2021.1890513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Natural products have been attracting increasing attention in human diet, both due to the possible negative effects of synthetic food additives on human health and the increased consumer perception. Apricot seeds contain a wide variety of bioactive components and their consumption is associated with a reduced risk of chronic diseases. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect of consumption of bitter apricot seeds on blood lipid and endocrine profile in Slovak women (n = 18, 41.60 ± 11.28 years) of reproductive age. Volunteers consumed 60 mg.kg-1 of body weight of bitter apricot seeds divided into 8-12 doses daily for 42 days. During the experiment, three blood collections were carried out (at the beginning of the experiment - day 0, and after 21 and 42 days of consumption apricot seeds). Lipid profile was measured in terms of - total cholesterol (T-C, enzymatic photometric method), low-density cholesterol (LDL-C, calculated using the Friedewald equation), high-density cholesterol (HDL-C, direct clearance method), triglycerides (TG, enzymatic colorimetric method) whereas endocrine profile - follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), prolactin (PRL), progesterone (P4), 17β-estradiol (E2), testosterone, and androstenedione was assessed by ELISA. The blood levels of T-C, HDL-C and T-C did not change significantly (P > 0.05), however, the level of LDL-C decreased significantly (P < 0.05) after 42 days. On the other hand, there was a significant (P < 0.05) increase of T-C and TG after 21 days. The blood level of FSH, testosterone and androstenedione increased significantly (P < 0.05) although the levels of LH, PRL, P4 and E2 did not change (P > 0.05) after 42 days. The level of PRL and testosterone significantly (P < 0.05) increased and E2 significantly decreased after 21 days of apricot seeds consumption. The study suggests that daily consumption of apricot seeds may affect plasma lipid and endocrine profile in women of reproductive age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Kopčeková
- Department of Human Nutrition, Faculty of Agrobiology and Food Resources, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Nitra, Slovak Republic
| | - Eva Kováčiková
- The AgroBioTech Research Centre, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Nitra, Slovak Republic
| | - Anton Kováčik
- Department of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Nitra, Slovak Republic
| | - Anna Kolesárová
- Department of Technology and Quality of Plant Products, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Nitra, Slovak Republic
| | - Jana Mrázová
- Department of Human Nutrition, Faculty of Agrobiology and Food Resources, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Nitra, Slovak Republic
| | - Peter Chlebo
- Department of Human Nutrition, Faculty of Agrobiology and Food Resources, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Nitra, Slovak Republic
| | - Adriana Kolesárová
- Department of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Nitra, Slovak Republic
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Hyun SW, Kim J, Park B, Jo K, Lee TG, Kim JS, Kim CS. Apricot Kernel Extract and Amygdalin Inhibit Urban Particulate Matter-Induced Keratoconjunctivitis Sicca. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24030650. [PMID: 30759852 PMCID: PMC6384987 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24030650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposure to particulate matter is a risk factor for various ocular surface diseases, including keratoconjunctivitis sicca (KCS). In this study, we investigated the protective effects of apricot kernel extract (AKE) and its bioactive compound, amygdalin, on KCS induced by exposure to urban particulate matter (UPM). In the in vivo experiments, eye drops containing 0.5 mg/mL AKE (AKE-0.5) or 1 mg/mL AKE (AKE-1) were administered directly into the eyes of female rats after UPM exposure. Additionally, the effect of AKE and amygdalin on matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) activity and the expressions of inflammatory factors, including tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukin (IL)-6, was investigated in conjunctival epithelial cells in vitro. Topical administration of AKE-1 attenuated UPM exposure-induced reduction of tear secretion. Both AKE-0.5 and AKE-1 inhibited UPM exposure-induced corneal epithelial damage and irregularity. AKE also protected against UPM exposure-induced disruption of the mucin-4 layer on the ocular surface. In addition, AKE and amygdalin prevented UPM-induced activation of MMPs and upregulation of TNF-α and IL-6 in conjunctival epithelial cells. Therefore, AKE may have protective effects against UPM exposure-induced KCS via the inhibition of MMPs and inflammation. The pharmacological activities of AKE may be in part due to its bioactive compound, amygdalin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo-Wang Hyun
- Herbal Medicine Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon 34054, Korea.
| | - Junghyun Kim
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Korea.
| | - Bongkyun Park
- Clinical Medicine Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon 34054, Korea.
| | - Kyuhyung Jo
- Clinical Medicine Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon 34054, Korea.
| | - Tae Gu Lee
- Clinical Medicine Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon 34054, Korea.
| | - Jin Sook Kim
- Herbal Medicine Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon 34054, Korea.
| | - Chan-Sik Kim
- Clinical Medicine Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon 34054, Korea.
- Korean Medicine Life Science, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34054, Korea.
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Karaboğa I, Ovalı MA, Yılmaz A, Alpaslan M. Gastroprotective effect of apricot kernel oil in ethanol-induced gastric mucosal injury in rats. Biotech Histochem 2018; 93:601-607. [PMID: 30234391 DOI: 10.1080/10520295.2018.1511064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the gastroprotective effect of apricot kernel oil on ethanol induced gastric ulcer in rats. Male Wistar albino rats were divided into control, ethanol and apricot kernel oil + ethanol groups. The fatty acid composition of apricot kernel oil was determined using GC-MS. A gastric ulcer index was defined as the area percentage of the gastric mucosa consisting of ulcerated tissue. Gastric tissue was investigated by TUNEL staining for apoptosis, immunohistochemical iNOS staining, measurement of gastric IL-10 and IL-6 expression by ELISA and assays of catalase, malondialdehyde and superoxide dismutase. The ethanol group exhibited a higher gastric ulcer score, increased IL-6 level, increased number of inducible nitric oxide synthase-positive and TUNEL positive cells, and a higher MDA level compared to the control group. The apricot kernel oil + ethanol group exhibited significantly fewer gastric lesions compared to the ethanol group. Apricot kernel oil protects rat gastric mucosa against ethanol induced injury by its anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative and anti-apoptotic effects, and might be useful for reducing the severity of gastric ulcers.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Karaboğa
- a Department of Emergency and Disaster Management, School of Health , Namık Kemal University , Tekirdag , Turkey
| | - M A Ovalı
- b Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine , Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University , Canakkale , Turkey
| | - A Yılmaz
- c Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine , Namık Kemal University , Tekirdag , Turkey
| | - M Alpaslan
- d Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health , Namık Kemal University , Tekirdag , Turkey
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Kopčeková J, Kolesárová A, Kováčik A, Kováčiková E, Gažarová M, Chlebo P, Valuch J, Kolesárová A. Influence of long-term consumption of bitter apricot seeds on risk factors for cardiovascular diseases. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART. B, PESTICIDES, FOOD CONTAMINANTS, AND AGRICULTURAL WASTES 2018; 53:298-303. [PMID: 29336667 DOI: 10.1080/03601234.2017.1421841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The present study was designed to reveal whether long-term consumption of bitter apricot seeds causes changes in lipid profile and other risk factors for cardiovascular diseases. The study group consisted of 12 healthy adult volunteers (5 females and 7 males). The average age of women was 41.60 ± 11.28 years and the average age of men was 36.71 ± 13.70 years. Volunteers consumed 60 mg kg-1 of body weight of bitter apricot seeds divided into 8-12 doses daily for 12 weeks. Volunteers were recruited from the general population of Slovak Republic. After 12 weeks, mean body weight of the participants increased from 77.34 to 78.22 kg (P > 0.05). The average total cholesterol levels decreased from 4.86 mmol L-1 at the beginning of the study to 4.44 mmol L-1 at the end of the study (P < 0.05). We did not observe any significant increase in high-density cholesterol (from 1.55 to 1.60 mmol L-1). The average low-density cholesterol levels decreased from 2.93 mmol L-1 at the beginning of the study to 2.31 mmol L-1 at the end of the study (P < 0.001). Concentration of triglycerides increased significantly over the 12-week intervention period from 0.84 to 1.17 mmol L-1. After the intervention, the high-sensitivity C-reactive protein level decreased from 1.92 to 1.23 mg L-1, but results were non-significant (P > 0.05). Creatine kinase serum levels increased from 2.31 to 2.77 mg L-1 (P > 0.05) over the 12-week intervention period. The results suggest that regular intake of bitter apricot seeds may be considered potentially useful for prevention of cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Kopčeková
- a Department of Human Nutrition , Faculty of Agrobiology and Food Resources, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra , Nitra , Slovak Republic
| | - Anna Kolesárová
- b Department of Storing and Processing of Plant Products , Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra , Nitra , Slovak Republic
| | - Anton Kováčik
- c Department of Animal Physiology , Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra , Nitra , Slovak Republic
| | - Eva Kováčiková
- d The AgroBioTech Research Centre, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra , Nitra , Slovak Republic
| | - Martina Gažarová
- a Department of Human Nutrition , Faculty of Agrobiology and Food Resources, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra , Nitra , Slovak Republic
| | - Peter Chlebo
- a Department of Human Nutrition , Faculty of Agrobiology and Food Resources, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra , Nitra , Slovak Republic
| | - Jozef Valuch
- e Health Care Surveillance Authority , Bratislava , Slovak Republic
| | - Adriana Kolesárová
- c Department of Animal Physiology , Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra , Nitra , Slovak Republic
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The Potential of Tree Fruit Stone and Seed Wastes in Greece as Sources of Bioactive Ingredients. RECYCLING 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/recycling3010009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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11
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Sufentanil protects the rat myocardium against ischemia-reperfusion injury via activation of the ERK1/2 pathway. Cytotechnology 2017; 70:169-176. [PMID: 28856530 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-017-0127-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2017] [Accepted: 07/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Sufentanil, a lipophilic opioid, is the most frequently used clinical drug for ischemic heart disease. The effects of sufentanil on MAPK signaling in ischemic heart disease were explored. The effects of sufentanil on ischemia-reperfusion (IR)-induced myocardial injury in a rat model were examined. The serum levels of CK, LDH, MDA and SOD, and the activities of Na+-K+-ATPase and Ca2+-Mg2+-ATPase were measured. The levels of total and phosphorylated ERK1/2, JNK, and p38 were measured by western blotting in the heart, and the myocardial H9C2 cell line was studied. Using the Cell Counting Kit-8, the growth rate of H9C2 cells affected by sufentanil was studied. The serum levels of CK, LDH and MDA were higher in the IR group than in the SO and SUF groups. The SOD level, as well as the activities of Na+-K+-ATPase and Ca2+-Mg2+-ATPase, were lower in the SO and SUF groups than in the IR group. The phosphorylated ERK1/2 level was lower in the IR group than in the SO and SUF groups. The growth rate of H9C2 cells increased with the concentration of sufentanil and the exposure time. The phosphorylated ERK level was upregulated by 4-12 h of sufentanil exposure, indicating that the effects were time-dependent. Furthermore, an inhibition of ERK signaling by chemical inhibition suppressed the sufentanil-mediated increase in the growth rate of H9C2 cells. Sufentanil appears to be beneficial for cases of worsening ischemic heart disease. Further studies are necessary before a clinical application is considered.
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Kolesárová A, Pivko J, Halenár M, Zbyňovská K, Chrastinová Ľ, Ondruška Ľ, Jurčík R, Kopčeková J, Valuch J, Kolesárová A. Effect of apricot seeds on renal structure of rabbits. POTRAVINARSTVO 2017. [DOI: 10.5219/751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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13
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Hydrogen sulfide attenuates cardiac injury in takotsubo cardiomyopathy by alleviating oxidative stress. Nitric Oxide 2017; 67:10-25. [PMID: 28450188 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2017.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2017] [Revised: 03/23/2017] [Accepted: 04/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Takotsubo cardiomyopathy (TCM) is characterized by transient left ventricular apical ballooning with the absence of coronary occlusion, which is an acute cardiac syndrome with substantial morbidity and mortality. It was reported that reduced endogenous hydrogen sulfide (H2S) levels may be related to various heart diseases. The present study investigated the mechanism by which H2S administration modulates and protects cardiac function in TCM rats. In order to establish a TCM model, Sprague Dawley (SD) rats were injected with a single dose of β-adrenergic agonist isoprenaline (ISO). We found that ISO induced cardiac dysfunction, which was characterized by a significant decrease in left ventricular systolic pressure (LVSP), maximum contraction velocity (+dp/dtmax), maximum relaxation velocity (-dp/dtmax) and increased left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP). Accordingly, we found that plasma and heart tissue H2S levels in TCM rats decreased significantly, and cardiac cystathionine γ-lyase (CSE) and 3-mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase (3-MST) expression were lower. Moreover, cardiac dysfunction in TCM was associated with oxidative stress response and reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation. NADPH Oxidase 4 (NOX4) and p67 protein expressions significantly increased in TCM cardiac tissues. In addition, Sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS) ameliorated ISO-induced cardiac dysfunction and reversed ISO-induced oxidative stress. This study revealed that H2S exerted cardioprotective effects by reducing NADPH oxidase, which reduced ROS formation and prevented oxidative stress. Our study provided novel evidence that H2S is protective in myocardial dysfunction in TCM rats and could be a therapeutic target for alleviating β-adrenergic system overstimulation-induced cardiovascular dysfunction.
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Kopčeková J, Kolesárová A, Gažarová M, Lenártová P, Mrázová J, Kolesárová A. Effect of short-term consumption bitter apricot seeds on the body composition in healthy population. POTRAVINARSTVO 2017. [DOI: 10.5219/718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The distribution of fat in different areas of the body is important since accumulation of fat within the abdominal cavity represents a much more severe cardiovascular risk than accumulation in subcutaneous adipose tissues. Apricot seeds contain a wide variety of bioactive compounds and that consumption can decrease blood pressure and total blood cholesterol levels, fight oxidative stress and maintain body weight. The aim of the study was to analyse body composition: body fat mass (BFM), fat free mass (FFM), skeletal muscle mass (SMM), body fat percentage (%BFM), visceral fat area (VFA), total body water (TBW) - intracellular water (ICW) and extracellular water (ECW) and to evaluate the changes that occur after 6-weeks consumption of bitter apricot seeds. The study group finally consisted of 34 healthy adults volunteers (21 females and 13 males). Volunteers were recruited from the general population of Slovakia. Respondents were 23 - 65 years old, where the average age of women was 40.65 ±11.31 years and the average age of men was 36.91 ±9.98 years. All participants were asked to consume 60 mg.kg-1 of body weight of bitter apricot seeds daily during 6 weeks. Body composition was diagnosed by multi-frequency bioelectrical impedance analysis (MFBIA) by InBody 720 (Biospace Co., Korea), which measures the total impedance at frequencies of 1, 5, 50, 100, 500, 1000 kHz. At baseline mean body weight was 85.78 ±14.66 and 62.84 ±12.19 kg in the male and female participants, respectively. After 6 weeks of consumation we observed non-significant decreasing of mean body weight. The mean BFM was 19.25 ±8.81 kg in the male group and 19.47 ±7.21 kg in the female group. After six weeks, BFM decreased non-significantly (on average 0.5 kg) in both groups. The mean FFM at baseline was 43.37 ±5.98 and 66.54 ±7.98 kg in the female and male participants, respectively. The statistical analysis confirmed that the increase of FFM (43.37 ±5.98 kg to 43.56 ±5.80 kg) in the female were statistically significant (p <0.05). VFA was greater in the men (82.04 ±39.82 cm2 at baseline and 78.65 ±39.79 cm2 after 6 weeks) comparison to women (79.82 ±29.03 cm2 at baseline and 78.29 ±29.90 cm2 after 6 weeks). The mean of TBW in males before the start of study was 48.78 ±5.77 kg and 47.88 ±5.57 kg after 6 weeks of consumption. The results of study show the small weight loss in the both group. Therefore, the results from this study indicate that daily consumption of bitter apricot seeds produce measurable health benefits, but further studies are also required.
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15
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Zhang Z, Gao X, Guo M, Jiang H, Cao Y, Zhang N. The Protective Effect of Baicalin Against Lead-Induced Renal Oxidative Damage in Mice. Biol Trace Elem Res 2017; 175:129-135. [PMID: 27209023 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-016-0731-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2016] [Accepted: 04/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Lead (Pb) exposure is a global environmental problem that can deplete body antioxidant enzymes, causing damage to various macromolecules and ultimately cell death. Pb exposure could lead to serious renal damage. Baicalin, a traditional Chinese medicine, could protect against renal injury through inhibition of oxidative stress and apoptosis. This study was designed to investigate the protective efficacy of baicalin against Pb-induced nephrotoxicity in mice and to elucidate the potential mechanisms using animal experiment. The results revealed that baicalin decreased Pb-induced bodyweight loss, declined kidney coefficients, and ameliorated renal function and structure in a dose-dependent manner. Meanwhile, baicalin dose dependently increased Pb-induced activity of SOD and GSH-Px, while the content of MDA in the kidney was decreased. In addition, baicalin enhanced the Bcl-2/Bax ratio associated with apoptosis in the kidney. These data indicated that further investigation of the use of baicalin as a new natural chemopreventive agent against Pd poisoning is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zecai Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuejiao Gao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengyao Guo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Haichao Jiang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongguo Cao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, People's Republic of China.
| | - Naisheng Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, People's Republic of China.
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16
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Cardioprotective Effects of Phenylethanoid Glycoside-rich Extract from Cistanche deserticola in Ischemia-Reperfusion-Induced Myocardial Infarction in Rats. Ann Vasc Surg 2016; 34:234-42. [PMID: 27129809 DOI: 10.1016/j.avsg.2016.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2015] [Revised: 01/31/2016] [Accepted: 04/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of the study was to examine and confirm the cardioprotective effect and mechanism of phenylethanoid glycoside-rich extract of Cistanche deserticola (PhG-RE), a well-known natural antioxidant-based active constituents, against ischemia/reperfusion injury using both in vivo and in vitro approaches. METHODS A total of 30 Sprague-Dawley rats were divided in to 3 groups as group 1: sham laparotomy, group 2: IR, and group 3: IR + PhG-RE group (0.25 mg/mL/min). Hearts were subjected to 30 min of global ischemia followed by 45 min of reperfusion. The myocardial infarct size and the activities of creatine kinase isoenzyme (CK-MB) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) were measured. Myocardial tissue malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels were detected. Western blot analysis was carried out to determine the cardioprotective mechanisms of PhG-RE. RESULTS Hearts treated with PhG-RE showed a significant reduction in infarct size and decrease in CK-MB and LDH activities. PhG-RE also reduced MDA levels and elevated the activities of GSH-Px, SOD. The expressions of cytochrome-c were significantly reduced in the treated group. A significant upregulation of antiapoptotic proteins Bcl-2/Bax with simultaneous downregulation of cleaved-caspase-3 was observed. The molecular signaling cascade, including phospho-Akt (ser-473) and phospho-GSK3β that lead to the activation or suppression of apoptotic pathway, also showed a significant protective role in the treatment group. CONCLUSIONS The results suggested that the PhG-RE may reduce the oxidative stress in the reperfused myocardium and play a significant role in the inhibition of apoptotic pathways leading to cardioprotection.
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17
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Kang JS, Kim DJ, Kim GY, Cha HJ, Kim S, Kim HS, Park C, Hwang HJ, Kim BW, Kim CM, Choi YH. Ethanol extract of Prunus mume fruit attenuates hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis involving Nrf2/HO-1 activation in C2C12 myoblasts. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE FARMACOGNOSIA-BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACOGNOSY 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bjp.2015.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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18
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Protective effects of crocetin pretreatment on myocardial injury in an ischemia/reperfusion rat model. Eur J Pharmacol 2014; 741:290-6. [PMID: 25176181 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2014.07.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2014] [Revised: 07/24/2014] [Accepted: 07/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Crocetin is one of the major active constituents of saffron extract, and it is a carotenoid compound that prevents reactive oxygen species and has anti-inflammation and anti-apoptosis characteristics. This study aims to investigate whether crocetin repairs myocardial damage in vivo after ischemia reperfusion (I/R) and the mechanisms underlying its cardioprotective effects. Male Wistar rats were randomly allocated into three groups: Sham, I/R, CRO. Crocetin (50mg/kg/day, i.g.) or sodium carboxymethylcellulose (CMC-Na) was intragastrically administered to Wistar rats for 7 days before operation. Myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury (MIRI) was induced by occluding the left anterior descending (LAD) coronary artery for 45min and subsequent reperfusion for 3h. The cardioprotective effects of crocetin were evaluated by biochemical values, histopathological observations and the antiapoptotic relative proteins and gene expressions. In the rat model, pretreatment with 50mg/kg crocetin reduced the cardiac injury, oxidative stress and inflammation compared with that of the non-treated rats, as shown by the decreased levels of infarct size, creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB), malondialdehyde (MDA), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) activity and the increased levels of total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD) and inflammation cytokines interleukin-10 (IL-10) activity. Crocetin activation also decreases the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end labeling (TUNEL) staining positive percentage and Bax expression, elevated Bcl-2 and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) expression and nitrite (NO) production, these indicating that crocetin can suppress the apoptosis damage. These results indicate that crocetin can provide protection against MIRI in rats by inhibiting ROS production, blocking inflammation, and reducing myocardium apoptosis.
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Niu J, Zhu B, Cai J, Li P, Wang L, Dai H, Qiu L, Yu H, Ha D, Zhao H, Zhang Z, Lin S. Selection of reference genes for gene expression studies in Siberian Apricot (Prunus sibirica L.) Germplasm using quantitative real-time PCR. PLoS One 2014; 9:e103900. [PMID: 25105495 PMCID: PMC4126684 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0103900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2013] [Accepted: 07/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Quantitative real time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction has been applied in a vast range of studies of gene expression analysis. However, real-time PCR data must be normalized with one or more reference genes. In this study, eleven putative consistently expressed genes (ACT, TUA, TUB, CYP, DNAj, ELFA, F-box27, RPL12, GAPDH, UBC and UBQ) in nine Siberian Apricot Germplasms (including much variability) were evaluated for their potential as references for the normalization of gene expression by NormFinder and geNorm programs. From our studies, ACT, UBC, CYP, UBQ and RPL12 as suitable for normalization were identified by geNorm, while UBC and CYP as the best pair by NormFinder. Moreover, UBC was selected as the most stably expressed gene by both algorithms in different Siberian Apricot seed samples. We also detected that a set of three genes (ACT, CYP and UBC) by geNorm as control for normalization could lead to accurate results. Furthermore, the expression levels of oleosin gene were analyzed to validate the suitability of the selected reference genes. These obtained experimental results could make an important contribution to normalize real-time PCR data for gene expression analysis in Siberian Apricot Germplasm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Niu
- College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, College of Nature Conservation, National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Baoqing Zhu
- College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, College of Nature Conservation, National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Jian Cai
- College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, College of Nature Conservation, National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Peixue Li
- Jigongshan National Nature Reserve, Xingyang, China
| | - Libing Wang
- Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
| | - Huitang Dai
- Jigongshan National Nature Reserve, Xingyang, China
| | - Lin Qiu
- Jigongshan National Nature Reserve, Xingyang, China
| | - Haiyan Yu
- Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
| | - Denglong Ha
- Jigongshan National Nature Reserve, Xingyang, China
| | - Haiyan Zhao
- Jigongshan National Nature Reserve, Xingyang, China
| | - Zhixiang Zhang
- College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, College of Nature Conservation, National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Shanzhi Lin
- College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, College of Nature Conservation, National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- * E-mail:
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20
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Chang R, Li Y, Yang X, Yue Y, Dou L, Wang Y, Zhang W, Li X. Protective role of deoxyschizandrin and schisantherin A against myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats. PLoS One 2013; 8:e61590. [PMID: 23620773 PMCID: PMC3631228 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0061590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2012] [Accepted: 03/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Our previous studies suggested that deoxyschizandrin (DSD) and schisantherin A (STA) may have cardioprotective effects, but information in this regard is lacking. Therefore, we explored the protective role of DSD and STA in myocardial ischemia–reperfusion (I/R) injury. Methodology/Principal Findings Anesthetized male rats were treated once with DSD and STA (each 40 µmol/kg) through the tail vein after 45 min of ischemia, followed by 2-h reperfusion. Cardiac function, infarct size, biochemical markers, histopathology and apoptosis were measured and mRNA expression of gp91phox in myocardial tissue assessed by RT-PCR. Neonatal rat cardiomyocytes were pretreated with DSD and STA and then damaged by H2O2. Cell apoptosis was tested by a flow cytometric assay. Compared with the I/R group: (i) DSD and STA could significantly reduce the abnormalities of LVSP, LVEDP, ±dp/dtmax and arrhythmias, thereby showing their protective roles in cardiac function; (ii) DSD and STA could significantly attenuate the infarct size and MDA release while increasing SOD activity, suggesting a role in reducing myocardial injury; (iii) tissue morphology and myocardial textual analysis revealed that DSD and STA mitigated changes in myocardial histopathology; (iv) DSD and STA decreased apoptosis (33.56±2.58% to 10.28±2.80% and 10.98±1.99%, respectively) and caspase-3 activity in the myocardium (0.62±0.02 OD/mg to 0.38±0.02 OD/mg and 0.32±0.02 OD/mg, respectively), showing their protective effects upon cardiomyocytes; and (v) DSD and STA had similar protective effects on I/R injury as those seen with the positive control metoprolol. In vitro, DSD and STA could significantly decrease the apoptosis of neonatal cardiomyocytes. Conclusions/Significance These data suggest that DSD and STA can protect against myocardial I/R injury. The underlining mechanism may be related to their role in inhibiting cardiomyocyte apoptosis.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Apoptosis/drug effects
- Arrhythmias, Cardiac/blood
- Arrhythmias, Cardiac/complications
- Arrhythmias, Cardiac/drug therapy
- Arrhythmias, Cardiac/physiopathology
- Cardiotonic Agents/pharmacology
- Cardiotonic Agents/therapeutic use
- Caspase 3/metabolism
- Cyclooctanes/administration & dosage
- Cyclooctanes/chemistry
- Cyclooctanes/pharmacology
- Cyclooctanes/therapeutic use
- Cytoprotection/drug effects
- Dioxoles/administration & dosage
- Dioxoles/chemistry
- Dioxoles/pharmacology
- Dioxoles/therapeutic use
- Disease Models, Animal
- Gene Expression Regulation/drug effects
- Hemodynamics/drug effects
- Hydrogen Peroxide/pharmacology
- Lignans/administration & dosage
- Lignans/chemistry
- Lignans/pharmacology
- Lignans/therapeutic use
- Male
- Malondialdehyde/blood
- Membrane Glycoproteins/genetics
- Membrane Glycoproteins/metabolism
- Myocardial Infarction/complications
- Myocardial Infarction/drug therapy
- Myocardial Infarction/pathology
- Myocardial Infarction/physiopathology
- Myocardial Reperfusion Injury/blood
- Myocardial Reperfusion Injury/complications
- Myocardial Reperfusion Injury/drug therapy
- Myocardial Reperfusion Injury/physiopathology
- Myocardium/enzymology
- Myocardium/pathology
- Myocytes, Cardiac/drug effects
- Myocytes, Cardiac/metabolism
- Myocytes, Cardiac/pathology
- NADPH Oxidase 2
- NADPH Oxidases/genetics
- NADPH Oxidases/metabolism
- Polycyclic Compounds/administration & dosage
- Polycyclic Compounds/chemistry
- Polycyclic Compounds/pharmacology
- Polycyclic Compounds/therapeutic use
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Rats
- Rats, Wistar
- Superoxide Dismutase/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruimiao Chang
- College of Pharmacy, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Yong Li
- College of Pharmacy, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Xingxin Yang
- College of Pharmacy, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Yuan Yue
- College of Pharmacy, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Lili Dou
- College of Pharmacy, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Yanwei Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Weifang Zhang
- Department of Physiology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Xiaoni Li
- College of Pharmacy, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, China
- * E-mail:
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Li ZL, Hu J, Li YL, Xue F, Zhang L, Xie JQ, Liu ZH, Li H, Yi DH, Liu JC, Wang SW. The effect of hyperoside on the functional recovery of the ischemic/reperfused isolated rat heart: potential involvement of the extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 signaling pathway. Free Radic Biol Med 2013; 57:132-40. [PMID: 23291593 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2012.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2012] [Revised: 11/21/2012] [Accepted: 12/21/2012] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
One of the leading causes of death in the world is ischemia/reperfusion (I/R)-mediated acute myocardial infarction. There are a lot of Chinese traditional patent medicines, such as Xin'an capsules, Xin Xuening tablets, and so on, which have protective effects against myocardial I/R injury and have been routinely used in treating cardiac diseases for a long time in China. Hyperoside (Hyp) is the chief component of these medicines. This study investigated the action of Hyp in isolated myocardial I/R injury, as well as its possible mechanisms. Using the Langendorff model, isolated Sprague-Dawley rat hearts were subjected to 30 min of global ischemia and 50 min of reperfusion. Cardiac function was measured, and infarct size was evaluated by triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining at the end of the reperfusion. Coronary effluent was analyzed for lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and creatine kinase (CK). Myocardium was also measured for total superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) content. Phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase (ERK) was analyzed by Western blotting. We report for the first time that administration of Hyp before/after I/R significantly improved heart contraction and limited the infarct size and CK and LDH leakage from the damaged myocardium after I/R. The activity of SOD and the MDA content remarkably changed in the presence of Hyp as well. Phosphorylation of ERK was significantly increased in Hyp-treated hearts compared to controls (p<0.01). Hyp-induced ERK phosphorylation was inhibited by PD98059. We therefore conclude that Hyp can protect cardiomyocytes from I/R-induced oxidative stress through the activation of ERK-dependent signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-lin Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
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