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Qi W, Ge Y, Wang X, Li Z, Li X, Wang N, He H, Luo X, Ma W, Chen L, Liu Y, Zhang T. Ameliorative Effect of Chitosan Oligosaccharides on Hepatic Encephalopathy by Reshaping Gut Microbiota and Gut-Liver Axis. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:13186-13199. [PMID: 36194761 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c01330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the influence of chitosan oligosaccharides (COSs) on a thioacetamide-induced hepatic encephalopathy (HE) Wistar rat model. COS treatment statistically reduced the false neurotransmitters and blood ammonia in HE rats, along with the suppression of oxidative stress and inflammation. The disbalanced gut microbiota was detected in HE rats by 16S rDNA sequencing, but the abundance alterations of some intestinal bacteria at either the phylum or genus level were at least partly restored by COS treatment. According to metabolomics analysis of rat feces, six metabolism pathways with the greatest response to HE were screened, several of which were remarkably reversed by COS. The altered metabolites might serve as a bridge for the alleviated HE rats treated with COS and the enhanced intestinal bacterial structure. This study provides novel guidance to develop novel food or dietary supplements to improve HE diseases due to the potential beneficial effect of COS on gut-liver axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Qi
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, The College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, P. R. China
| | - Yanyan Ge
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, The College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, P. R. China
| | - Xinyue Wang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, The College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, P. R. China
| | - Zihan Li
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, The College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoxue Li
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, The College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, P. R. China
| | - Nan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, The College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, P. R. China
| | - Hongpeng He
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, The College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, P. R. China
| | - Xuegang Luo
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, The College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, P. R. China
| | - Wenjian Ma
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, The College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, P. R. China
| | - Liehuan Chen
- New Youlan Healthy Technology Co., Ltd., Guangzhou 510530, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Yihan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, The College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, P. R. China
| | - Tongcun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, The College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, P. R. China
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El-Shafai NM, Farrag F, Shukry M, Mehany H, Aboelmaati M, Abu-Ali O, Saleh D, Ramadan M, El-Mehasseb I. Effect of a Novel Hybrid Nanocomposite of Cisplatin-Chitosan on Induced Tissue Injury as a Suggested Drug by Reducing Cisplatin Side Effects. Biol Trace Elem Res 2022; 200:4017-4026. [PMID: 34719747 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-021-02994-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The self-assembly of cisplatin (Cis-Pt) and chitosan nanoparticles (Cs NPs) has been synthesized and characterized successfully by different analyses and techniques, such as scanning electron microscopy, ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The efficiency of loading Cis-Pt on Cs NPs for decreasing the side effects of Cis-Pt by loading it on Cs NP surface was revealed through histopathological and physiological measurements for the liver, testis, and kidney cells. Self-assembly hybrid nanocomposite (Cis-Pt@Cs) could improve spermatogenic cells, seminiferous tubules, and Leydig cells in the interstitial tissue. Kidney examination showed intact glomeruli with a mild increase in capsular space in addition to the intact renal tubular epithelial lining, and liver findings showed improvement in dilation and congestion of the central vein besides mild dilation of blood sinusoids in addition to a mild degree of hepatocyte vacuolation. The serum levels of hepatic, renal, and testicular marker analysis were measured, where Cis-Pt increased the serum levels of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase activity, urea, creatinine, and decreased testosterone levels, while synthesized self-assembly appeared normalized levels. From the results, the self-assembly hybrid nanocomposite decreases and improves the side effects of Cis-Pt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nagi M El-Shafai
- Nanotechnology Center, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Shaikh, 33516, Egypt.
| | - Foad Farrag
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Shaikh, Egypt
| | - Mustafa Shukry
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Shaikh, Egypt
| | - Hany Mehany
- Nanotechnology Center, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Shaikh, 33516, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Aboelmaati
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, KafrelSheikh University, Kafr El-Shaikh, Egypt
| | - Ola Abu-Ali
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif, 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dalia Saleh
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif, 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed Ramadan
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Ibrahim El-Mehasseb
- Nanotechnology Center, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Shaikh, 33516, Egypt
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Wen J, Niu X, Chen S, Chen Z, Wu S, Wang X, Yong Y, Liu X, Yu Z, Ma X, Abd El-Aty A, Ju X. Chitosan oligosaccharide improves the mucosal immunity of small intestine through activating SIgA production in mice: Proteomic analysis. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 109:108826. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.108826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Hydrogen produced in rat colon improves in vivo reduction-oxidation balance due to induced regeneration of α-tocopherol. Br J Nutr 2019; 123:537-544. [PMID: 31791424 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114519003118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
We investigated whether non-digestible saccharide fermentation-derived hydrogen molecules (H2) in rat colon could improve the in vivo reduction-oxidation (redox) balance via regeneration of α-tocopherol, by assessing their effect on hydroxyl radicals, the α-tocopherol concentration and the redox balance. In Expt 1, a Fenton reaction with phenylalanine (0 or 1·37 mmol/l of H2) was conducted. In Expt 2, rats received intraperitoneally maize oil containing phorone (400 mg/kg) 7 d after drinking ad libitum water containing 0 or 4 % fructo-oligosaccharides (FOS) (groups CP and FP, respectively). In Expt 3, rats unable to synthesise ascorbic acid drank ad libitum for 14 d water with 240 mg ascorbic acid/l (group AC), 20 mg of ascorbic acid/l (group DC) or 20 mg of ascorbic acid/l and 4 % FOS (group DCF). In the Fenton reaction, H2 reduced tyrosine produced from phenylalanine to 72 % when platinum was added and to 92 % when platinum was excluded. In Expt 2, liver glutathione was depleted by administration of phorone to rats. However, compared with CP, no change in the m-tyrosine concentration in the liver of FP was detected. In Expt 3, net H2 excretion was higher in DCF than in the other rats after 3 d of the experiment. Furthermore, the concentrations of H2 and α-tocopherol and the redox glutathione ratio in perirenal adipose tissue of rats were significantly higher in DCF than in DC. To summarise, in rat colon, fermentation-derived H2 further shifted the redox balance towards a more reducing status in perirenal adipose tissue through increased regeneration of α-tocopherol.
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Recent Updates in Pharmacological Properties of Chitooligosaccharides. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 2019:4568039. [PMID: 31781615 PMCID: PMC6875261 DOI: 10.1155/2019/4568039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2019] [Revised: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Chemical structures derived from marine foods are highly diverse and pharmacologically promising. In particular, chitooligosaccharides (COS) present a safe pharmacokinetic profile and a great source of new bioactive polymers. This review describes the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antidiabetic properties of COS from recent publications. Thus, COS constitute an effective agent against oxidative stress, cellular damage, and inflammatory pathogenesis. The mechanisms of action and targeted therapeutic pathways of COS are summarized and discussed. COS may act as antioxidants via their radical scavenging activity and by decreasing oxidative stress markers. The mechanism of COS antidiabetic effect is characterized by an acceleration of pancreatic islets proliferation, an increase in insulin secretion and sensitivity, a reduction of postprandial glucose, and an improvement of glucose uptake. COS upregulate the GLUT2 and inhibit digestive enzyme and glucose transporters. Furthermore, they resulted in reduction of gluconeogenesis and promotion of glucose conversion. On the other hand, the COS decrease inflammatory mediators, suppress the activation of NF-κB, increase the phosphorylation of kinase, and stimulate the proliferation of lymphocytes. Overall, this review brings evidence from experimental data about protective effect of COS.
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Zhai X, Yuan S, Yang X, Zou P, Li L, Li G, Shao Y, Abd El-Aty AM, Hacımüftüoğlu A, Wang J. Chitosan Oligosaccharides Induce Apoptosis in Human Renal Carcinoma via Reactive-Oxygen-Species-Dependent Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:1691-1701. [PMID: 30658530 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b06941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, various studies have confirmed the role of natural products as effective cancer prevention and treatment drugs. The present study demonstrated that chitosan oligosaccharide (COS) from shells of shrimp and crab caused an inhibitory effect on the proliferation of human renal carcinoma in vitro and in vivo. First, the in vivo biodistribution of COS was investigated by the synthesis of cyanine-7-labeled COS (COS-Cy7) following tail vein injection. The kidney was found to be a major target organ. Then, the impacts on renal carcinoma cell proliferation, apoptosis, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production were observed in vitro, and an orthotopic xenograft tumor model was designed to evaluate the antitumor efficacy of COS in vivo. In renal carcinoma cells, COS induced G2/M phase arrest and apoptosis in a ROS-dependent fashion. COS significantly promoted mRNA expression of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor (Nrf2) and Nrf2 target genes, such as heme oxygenase 1, modifier subunit of glutamate cysteine ligase, and solute carrier family 7 member 11. Additionally, COS significantly upregulated the protein expression of glucose-regulated protein 78, protein RNA-like endoplasmic reticulum (ER) kinase, eukaryotic initiation factor 2α, activating transcription factor 4, C/EBP homologous protein, and cytochrome c, which justified the activation of the ER stress signaling pathway. In vivo, COS repressed tumor growth and induced apoptosis and ROS accumulation, consistent with the in vitro results. Taken together, COS repressed human renal carcinoma growth and induced apoptosis both in vitro and in vivo, mainly via ROS-dependent ER stress pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingchen Zhai
- Department of Food Sciences and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Harbin Institute of Technology , 92 West Dazhi Street , Nangang District, Harbin , Heilongjiang 150001 , People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Product Quality and Safety, Institute of Quality Standard & Testing Technology for Agro-Product , Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , 12 Zhongguancun South Street , Haidian District, Beijing 100081 , People's Republic of China
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology , Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine , Beijing 100850 , People's Republic of China
| | - Shoujun Yuan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology , Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine , Beijing 100850 , People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Yang
- Department of Food Sciences and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Harbin Institute of Technology , 92 West Dazhi Street , Nangang District, Harbin , Heilongjiang 150001 , People's Republic of China
| | - Pan Zou
- Department of Food Sciences and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Harbin Institute of Technology , 92 West Dazhi Street , Nangang District, Harbin , Heilongjiang 150001 , People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Product Quality and Safety, Institute of Quality Standard & Testing Technology for Agro-Product , Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , 12 Zhongguancun South Street , Haidian District, Beijing 100081 , People's Republic of China
| | - Linna Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology , Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine , Beijing 100850 , People's Republic of China
| | - Guoyou Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology , Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine , Beijing 100850 , People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Shao
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Product Quality and Safety, Institute of Quality Standard & Testing Technology for Agro-Product , Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , 12 Zhongguancun South Street , Haidian District, Beijing 100081 , People's Republic of China
| | - A M Abd El-Aty
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine , Cairo University , 12211 Giza , Egypt
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Medical Faculty , Ataturk University , 25240 Erzurum , Turkey
| | - Ahmet Hacımüftüoğlu
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Medical Faculty , Ataturk University , 25240 Erzurum , Turkey
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Food Sciences and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Harbin Institute of Technology , 92 West Dazhi Street , Nangang District, Harbin , Heilongjiang 150001 , People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Product Quality and Safety, Institute of Quality Standard & Testing Technology for Agro-Product , Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , 12 Zhongguancun South Street , Haidian District, Beijing 100081 , People's Republic of China
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Lu Y, Lin D, Li W, Yang X. Non-digestible stachyose promotes bioavailability of genistein through inhibiting intestinal degradation and first-pass metabolism of genistein in mice. Food Nutr Res 2017; 61:1369343. [PMID: 28970781 PMCID: PMC5613906 DOI: 10.1080/16546628.2017.1369343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2017] [Accepted: 08/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was designed to explore the molecular mechanism of stachyose in enhancing the gastrointestinal stability and absorption of soybean genistein in mice. Male Kunming mice in each group (n = 8) were administered by intragastric gavage with saline, stachyose (250 mg/kg·bw), genistein (100 mg/kg·bw), and stachyose (50, 250, and 500 mg/kg·bw) together with genistein (100 mg/kg·bw) for 4 consecutive weeks, respectively, and then their urine, feces, blood, gut, and liver were collected. UPLC-qTOF/MS analysis showed that levels of genistein and its metabolites (dihydrogenistein, genistein 7-sulfate sodium salt, genistein 4'-β-D-glucuronide, and genistein 7-β-D-glucuronide) in serum and urine were increased with an increase in stachyose dosages in mice. Furthermore, the feces level of genistein aglycone was also elevated by co-treatment of stachyose with genistein. However, the feces concentration of dihydrogenistein, a characteristic metabolite of genistein by gut microorganism, was decreased by stachyose administration in a dose-dependent manner. Additionally, the simultaneous administration with stachyose and genistein in mice could decrease intestinal SULT, UGT, P-gp, and MRP1 expression, relative to the treatment with individual stachyose or genistein. These results demonstrate that stachyose-mediated inhibition against the intestinal degradation of genistein and expression of phase II enzymes and efflux transporters can largely contribute to the elevated bioavailability of soybean genistein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yalong Lu
- Shaanxi Engineering Laboratory for Food Green Processing and Safety Control, and Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Medicinal Resource and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Dehui Lin
- Shaanxi Engineering Laboratory for Food Green Processing and Safety Control, and Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Medicinal Resource and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Wenfeng Li
- Shaanxi Engineering Laboratory for Food Green Processing and Safety Control, and Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Medicinal Resource and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China.,Key Laboratory of Chongqing Municipality for Protection and Utility of Unique Plant Resources in the Wulingshan Region, Life Science and Technology Institute, Yangtze Normal University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xingbin Yang
- Shaanxi Engineering Laboratory for Food Green Processing and Safety Control, and Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Medicinal Resource and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
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Zhang C, Liao Q, Ming JH, Hu GL, Chen Q, Liu SQ, Li YM. The effects of chitosan oligosaccharides on OPG and RANKL expression in a rat osteoarthritis model. Acta Cir Bras 2017; 32:418-428. [DOI: 10.1590/s0102-865020170060000002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2017] [Accepted: 05/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
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Olicón-Hernández DR, Vázquez-Landaverde PA, Cruz-Camarillo R, Rojas-Avelizapa LI. Comparison of chito-oligosaccharide production from three different colloidal chitosans using the endochitonsanolytic system of Bacillus thuringiensis. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2016; 47:116-122. [DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2016.1181086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ramón Cruz-Camarillo
- Department of Microbiology, ENCB-IPN, Col Santo Tomas, Delegación Miguel Hidalgo, México
| | - Luz Irene Rojas-Avelizapa
- Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad Veracruzana, Municipio de Amatlán de Los Reyes, México
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Li W, Lu Y, Huang D, Han X, Yang X. Effects of stachyose on absorption and transportation of tea catechins in mice: possible role of Phase II metabolic enzymes and efflux transporters inhibition by stachyose. Food Nutr Res 2016; 60:32783. [PMID: 27782875 PMCID: PMC5081032 DOI: 10.3402/fnr.v60.32783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2016] [Revised: 08/30/2016] [Accepted: 08/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Nutritional and absorption-promoting properties of stachyose combined with tea catechins (TC) have been revealed. However, the mechanism involved in non-digestible oligosaccharides-mediated enhancement of flavonoid absorption has largely remained elusive. Methods This study was designed to investigate the molecular mechanism of stachyose in enhancing absorption and transportation of TC in mice. Mice were orally pre-treated with stachyose (50, 250, and 500 mg/kg·bw) for 0–8 weeks, and 1 h before sacrifice, mice were treated with TC (250 mg/kg·bw). Results Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis showed that serum concentrations of epicatechin, epigallocatechin, epicatechin gallate, and epigallocatechin gallate were dose- and time-dependently elevated with stachyose pre-treatment in mice. Furthermore, pre-treatment with stachyose in mice reduced intestinal sulfotransferase and uridine diphosphate-glucuronosyltransferase levels by 3.3–43.2% and 23.9–30.4%, relative to control mice, respectively. Moreover, intestinal P-glycoprotein and multidrug resistance-associated protein-1 contents were decreased in mice by pre-administration of stachyose in dose- and time-dependent manner. Conclusions This is the first time to demonstrate that suppression of Phase II metabolic enzymes and efflux transporters of TC in the intestine can play a major role in increasing absorption of TC by stachyose feeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenfeng Li
- Shaanxi Engineering Laboratory for Food Green Processing and Safety Control, College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yalong Lu
- Shaanxi Engineering Laboratory for Food Green Processing and Safety Control, College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Di Huang
- Shaanxi Engineering Laboratory for Food Green Processing and Safety Control, College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiao Han
- Shaanxi Engineering Laboratory for Food Green Processing and Safety Control, College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xingbin Yang
- Shaanxi Engineering Laboratory for Food Green Processing and Safety Control, College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China;
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Kurutas EB. The importance of antioxidants which play the role in cellular response against oxidative/nitrosative stress: current state. Nutr J 2016; 15:71. [PMID: 27456681 PMCID: PMC4960740 DOI: 10.1186/s12937-016-0186-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 994] [Impact Index Per Article: 124.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2016] [Accepted: 06/29/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Remarkable interest has risen in the idea that oxidative/nitrosative stress is mediated in the etiology of numerous human diseases. Oxidative/Nitrosative stress is the result of an disequilibrium in oxidant/antioxidant which reveals from continuous increase of Reactive Oxygen and Reactive Nitrogen Species production. The aim of this review is to emphasize with current information the importance of antioxidants which play the role in cellular responce against oxidative/nitrosative stress, which would be helpful in enhancing the knowledge of any biochemist, pathophysiologist, or medical personnel regarding this important issue. Products of lipid peroxidation have commonly been used as biomarkers of oxidative/nitrosative stress damage. Lipid peroxidation generates a variety of relatively stable decomposition end products, mainly α, β-unsaturated reactive aldehydes, such as malondialdehyde, 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal, 2-propenal (acrolein) and isoprostanes, which can be measured in plasma and urine as an indirect index of oxidative/nitrosative stress. Antioxidants are exogenous or endogenous molecules that mitigate any form of oxidative/nitrosative stress or its consequences. They may act from directly scavenging free radicals to increasing antioxidative defences. Antioxidant deficiencies can develop as a result of decreased antioxidant intake, synthesis of endogenous enzymes or increased antioxidant utilization. Antioxidant supplementation has become an increasingly popular practice to maintain optimal body function. However, antoxidants exhibit pro-oxidant activity depending on the specific set of conditions. Of particular importance are their dosage and redox conditions in the cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ergul Belge Kurutas
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Sutcu Imam University, Avsar Campus, Kahramanmaras, 46050, Turkey.
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Al-Kurdi ZI, Chowdhry BZ, Leharne SA, Qinna NA, Al Omari MMH, Badwan AA. Influence of glucosamine on the bioactivity of insulin delivered subcutaneously and in an oral nanodelivery system. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2015; 9:6167-76. [PMID: 26640369 PMCID: PMC4657806 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s91974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the work reported herein was to study the effect of glucosamine HCl (GlcN·HCl) on the bioactivity (BA) of insulin, administered via subcutaneous (SC) and oral routes, in adult male Sprague Dawley rats. The oral insulin delivery system (insulin-chitosan reverse micelle [IC-RM]) was prepared by solubilizing insulin-chitosan (13 kDa) polyelectrolyte complex in a RM system consisting of oleic acid, PEG-8 caprylic/capric glycerides, and polyglycerol-6-dioleate. The BA of insulin in vivo was evaluated by measuring blood glucose level using a blood glucose meter; the results revealed that the extent of hypoglycemic activity of SC insulin was GlcN·HCl dose dependent when they were administered simultaneously. A significant reduction in blood glucose levels (P<0.05) was found for the insulin:GlcN·HCl at mass ratios of 1:10 and 1:20, whereas lower ratios (eg, 1:1 and 1:4) showed no significant reduction. Furthermore, enhancement of the action of SC insulin was achieved by oral administration of GlcN·HCl for 5 consecutive days prior to insulin injection (P<0.05). For oral insulin administration via the IC-RM system, the presence of GlcN·HCl increased the hypoglycemic activity of insulin (P<0.05). The relative BA were 6.7% and 5.4% in the presence and absence of GlcN·HCl (ie, the increase in the relative BA was approximately 23% due to incorporating GlcN·HCl in the IC-RM system), respectively. The aforementioned findings offer an opportunity to incorporate GlcN·HCl in oral insulin delivery systems in order to enhance a reduction in blood glucose levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zakieh I Al-Kurdi
- The Jordanian Pharmaceutical Manufacturing Company (PLC), Naor, Jordan ; Faculty of Engineering and Science, University of Greenwich, Medway Campus, Kent, UK
| | - Babur Z Chowdhry
- Faculty of Engineering and Science, University of Greenwich, Medway Campus, Kent, UK
| | - Stephen A Leharne
- Faculty of Engineering and Science, University of Greenwich, Medway Campus, Kent, UK
| | - Nidal A Qinna
- Department of Pharmacology and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of Petra, Amman, Jordan
| | | | - Adnan A Badwan
- The Jordanian Pharmaceutical Manufacturing Company (PLC), Naor, Jordan
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Chitosan oligosaccharides reduce acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity by suppressing CYP-mediated bioactivation. J Funct Foods 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2014.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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Oxidative stress, prooxidants, and antioxidants: the interplay. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:761264. [PMID: 24587990 PMCID: PMC3920909 DOI: 10.1155/2014/761264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 925] [Impact Index Per Article: 92.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2013] [Revised: 11/03/2013] [Accepted: 11/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress is a normal phenomenon in the body. Under normal conditions, the physiologically important intracellular levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) are maintained at low levels by various enzyme systems participating in the in vivo redox homeostasis. Therefore, oxidative stress can also be viewed as an imbalance between the prooxidants and antioxidants in the body. For the last two decades, oxidative stress has been one of the most burning topics among the biological researchers all over the world. Several reasons can be assigned to justify its importance: knowledge about reactive oxygen and nitrogen species production and metabolism; identification of biomarkers for oxidative damage; evidence relating manifestation of chronic and some acute health problems to oxidative stress; identification of various dietary antioxidants present in plant foods as bioactive molecules; and so on. This review discusses the importance of oxidative stress in the body growth and development as well as proteomic and genomic evidences of its relationship with disease development, incidence of malignancies and autoimmune disorders, increased susceptibility to bacterial, viral, and parasitic diseases, and an interplay with prooxidants and antioxidants for maintaining a sound health, which would be helpful in enhancing the knowledge of any biochemist, pathophysiologist, or medical personnel regarding this important issue.
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Zhang R, Zhao Y, Sun Y, Lu X, Yang X. Isolation, characterization, and hepatoprotective effects of the raffinose family oligosaccharides from Rehmannia glutinosa Libosch. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2013; 61:7786-7793. [PMID: 23879777 DOI: 10.1021/jf4018492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
This study was aimed to isolate and characterize the raffinose family oligosaccharides (RGOs) from a novel plant source of Rehmannia glutinosa Libosch, and further evaluate whether RGOs can attenuate CCl4-induced oxidative stress and hepatopathy in mice. HPLC analysis showed that RGOs were mainly composed of stachyose (61.7%, w/w), followed by 23.7% raffinose and 7.1% sucrose. Administration of RGOs orally daily in mice for 21 days significantly reduced the impact of CCl4 toxicity on the serum markers of liver damage, serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), total-cholesterol (TC), and triglycerides (TG). RGOs also increased antioxidant levels of hepatic glutathione (GSH), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), and ameliorated the elevated hepatic formation of malonaldehyde (MDA) induced by CCl4 in mice, which coincided with the histological alteration. These findings exhibited the potential prospect of RGOs as functional ingredients to prevent ROS-related liver damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruijun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Medicinal Resource and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University , Xi'an 710062, China
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Rajpoot DS, Prakash A, Mandil R, Rahal A, Garg SK. Differential modulation of xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes in rats following single and concurrent exposure to chlorpyrifos, arsenic, and ascorbic acid. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2013; 76:1354-1365. [PMID: 24283477 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2013.853005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The present study was undertaken to evaluate the subacute toxicity of arsenic (As) and chlorpyrifos (CPF) alone or in combination. In addition, the ameliorative effect of ascorbic acid on As and/or CPF-induced hepatic microsomal xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes in rats was examined. Rats were divided into 9 groups of 6 animals each: control (deionized water), vehicle control (groundnut oil), ascorbic acid (100 mg/kg body weight), As (40 ppm in water), CPF (5 mg/kg body weight), As (40 ppm) + CPF (5 mg/kg body weight), As + ascorbic acid, CPF + ascorbic acid, and As + CPF + ascorbic acid. After 28 d of exposure, rats were sacrificed and liver was extracted for isolation of hepatic microsomes. Exposure to As or CPF alone as well as both of these in combination significantly altered microsomal proteins and activity of phase I and phase II xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes. Cytochrome P-450 and cytochrome b 5 levels and activities of aniline p-hydroxylase (APH) and uridine diphosphate glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) were significantly decreased in groups treated with As, CPF, and As plus CPF, while glutathione S-transferase (GST) was not markedly altered. Enzymatic activity of aminopyrine N-demethylase (ANDM) was also significantly reduced in As- and CPF-only groups. Co-administration of ascorbic acid effectively countered the As- and CPF-induced alterations in xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinesh Singh Rajpoot
- a Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology , College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, U. P. Pt. Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Veterinary and Animal Sciences University (DUVASU) , Mathura , India
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Kou CH, Qian HX, Han XL, Tang RX, Wen XR, Zhao ZM, Song YJ, Qi DS, Liu HZ, Liu W, Ma XD. Preparation of liver-targeted galactose-carboxyl chitosan-myristic acid nanoparticles. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2012; 20:3570-3574. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v20.i35.3570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To prepare galactose-carboxyl chitosan-myristic acid (GCCMA) nanoparticles and to obverse their targeting of hepatoma carcinoma cells (HCCs).
METHODS: GCCMA nanoparticles were prepared by self-assembled technology, and their stability and biocompatibility were assessed. After fluorescent labeling, GCCMA nanoparticles of different concentrations were transfected into HCCs and HT22 hippocampal neurons. Non-transfected HCCs and HT22 hippocampal neurons were used as controls. Based on the concentrations of GCCMA nanoparticles, HCCs transfected with GCCMA nanoparticles were divided into low-, medium- and high-concentration groups. The cellular uptake of nanoparticles was determined at 1, 2 and 4 h after transfection.
RESULTS: The cellular uptake of nanoparticles in the HCC group was much higher than that in the HT22 hippocampal neuron group. The uptake of nanoparticles in the HCC group was dose-dependent. The highest uptake of nanoparticles in the HCC group was observed at 4 hours after transfection.
CONCLUSION: GCCMA nanoparticles show hepatic targeting and are therefore a potential drug-carrier or administration route for chemotherapy drugs or targeted gene therapy for hepatic tumors.
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