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Udonsan P, Aukkanimart R, Prathumtet J, Butnan S, Sriraj P. Ovicidal and Pediculicidal Activity of Indigofera suffruticosa Mill. Leaf Oil on Pediculus humanus capitis Egg to Adult Stages. Acta Parasitol 2023; 68:853-861. [PMID: 37828250 DOI: 10.1007/s11686-023-00716-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Pediculosis capitis, commonly known as head lice infestation, represents a significant health 26 problem for school children worldwide. Repeated and long-term usages of highly toxic pediculicides have resulted in the development of increased levels of resistance and do not kill louse eggs. Alternative pediculicides, such as herbal products, have recently been proposed for the treatment of head lice infestation, thereby decreasing toxicity. METHODS This study analyzed the chemical composition of I. suffruticosa leaf extracts using GC-MS and evaluated the effects of Indigofera suffruticosa Mill. (I. suffruticosa) leaf extract on the mortality of head lice and their eggs. RESULTS The major five components of the tested oils identified were as follows: n-hexadecanoic acid, hexadecanoic acid, ethyl ester, oleic acid, (E)-9-octadecenoic acid ethyl ester, and linoleic acid ethyl ester. The effective pediculicide of the I. suffruticosa leaf extracts affected head lice in all stages (egg, nymph, and adults). The concentrations of I. suffruticosa leaf extracts at 500 mg/mL produced the highest effective ovicidal on egg with 96.6% unhatching and pediculicide on nymphs and adults with 96.7 ± 5.7% and 86.7 ± 5.7% mortality, respectively, at 60 min (LT50 value < 10 min). The analysis of the external structure of the adult-stage head lice by SEM examination revealed that dead lice exposed to I. suffruticosa leaf extract displayed damage to the outer smooth architecture and obstructed the respiratory spiracles. CONCLUSION We may conclude that the application of I. suffruticosa leaf extract produces an effective herbal pediculicide capable of affecting all stages of head lice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patwarapohn Udonsan
- Department of Thai Traditional Medicine, Faculty of Natural Resources, Rajamangala University of Technology Isan Sakon Nakhon Campus, Sakon Nakhon, 47160, Thailand
| | - Ratchadawan Aukkanimart
- Department of Thai Traditional Medicine, Faculty of Natural Resources, Rajamangala University of Technology Isan Sakon Nakhon Campus, Sakon Nakhon, 47160, Thailand
| | - Jatuporn Prathumtet
- Department of Thai Traditional Medicine, Faculty of Natural Resources, Rajamangala University of Technology Isan Sakon Nakhon Campus, Sakon Nakhon, 47160, Thailand
| | - Somchai Butnan
- Plant Science Section, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Sakon Nakhon Rajabhat University, Sakon Nakhon, 47000, Thailand
| | - Pranee Sriraj
- Department of Thai Traditional Medicine, Faculty of Natural Resources, Rajamangala University of Technology Isan Sakon Nakhon Campus, Sakon Nakhon, 47160, Thailand.
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Nascimento WM, Oliveira JRS, Cunha RX, Gambôa DSR, Silva APS, Lima VLDM. Evaluation of the treatment of fever, pain and inflammation with Indigofera suffruticosa Miller Leaves Aqueous Extract. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 287:114958. [PMID: 34965459 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Indigofera suffruticosa has reports of its popular use for analgesy in several cultures. Besides that, all parts of this plant are used for some medicinal outcome. The leaves are used in teas, decoctions, juices and included in baths for treating fever and inflammatory processes. AIM OF THE STUDY To evaluate the anti-inflammatory activity mechanisms of I. suffruticosa leave aqueous extract (IsAE). MATERIALS AND METHODS Phytochemical screening of IsAE was performed by thin layer chromatography. Total flavonoid content was determined and expressed by milligram of quercetin equivalent per gram of extract (mgEQ/g). 50% of the lethal dose that kills animals (LD50) was determined by acute toxicity in mice. Anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated through carrageenan-induced paw edema, peritonitis, and protein denaturation inhibition. Anti-nociceptive potential was evaluated by acetic acid-induced writhing and formalin tests. Antipyretic activity was assessed by yeast-induced fever. RESULTS Phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of flavonoids and acid gallic in a quantity of 33.9 mg QE/g. Acute toxicity evaluation resulted in a LD50 of 3807.88 mg/kg. For carrageenan-induced paw edema test, IsAE in both doses (20 and 100 mg/kg) reduced the edema in 83.93%. IsAE reduced nitric oxide (NO) production and leucocytes migration to peritonitis inflammation site and at a concentration of 0.5 mg/mL showed also inhibition of protein denaturation similar to indomethacin in the same concentration. IsAE inhibited in 72.60% the number of contortions in writhing test. In formalin test, IsAE was also efficient, but showed results only in the second phase. In addition, the concentration of 100 mg/kg reduced fever significantly. CONCLUSIONS IsAE proved to be anti-inflammatory, acting in different parts of the inflammation process, confirming its popular use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weber Melo Nascimento
- Laboratório de Lipídios e Aplicações de Biomoléculas em Doenças Prevalentes e Negligenciadas. Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Avenida Professor Moraes Rego, 1235, CEP 50670-901, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - João Ricardhis Saturnino Oliveira
- Laboratório de Lipídios e Aplicações de Biomoléculas em Doenças Prevalentes e Negligenciadas. Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Avenida Professor Moraes Rego, 1235, CEP 50670-901, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Rebeca Xavier Cunha
- Laboratório de Lipídios e Aplicações de Biomoléculas em Doenças Prevalentes e Negligenciadas. Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Avenida Professor Moraes Rego, 1235, CEP 50670-901, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Daywison Silva Rodrigues Gambôa
- Laboratório de Lipídios e Aplicações de Biomoléculas em Doenças Prevalentes e Negligenciadas. Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Avenida Professor Moraes Rego, 1235, CEP 50670-901, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Sant'Anna Silva
- Laboratório de Lipídios e Aplicações de Biomoléculas em Doenças Prevalentes e Negligenciadas. Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Avenida Professor Moraes Rego, 1235, CEP 50670-901, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Vera Lúcia de Menezes Lima
- Laboratório de Lipídios e Aplicações de Biomoléculas em Doenças Prevalentes e Negligenciadas. Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Avenida Professor Moraes Rego, 1235, CEP 50670-901, Recife, PE, Brazil.
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Gerometta E, Grondin I, Smadja J, Frederich M, Gauvin-Bialecki A. A review of traditional uses, phytochemistry and pharmacology of the genus Indigofera. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 253:112608. [PMID: 32004627 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.112608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Revised: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Indigofera is the third-largest genus in the family of Fabaceae, with approximately 750 species. It is distributed across all tropical regions. Indigofera species are widely employed in traditional medicine all around the world, against many ailments. Thus, based on these medicinal properties, various investigations have been undertaken in order to appraise the pharmacological activities and the chemical composition of these species. A recent paper provides a summary of the phytochemistry and pharmacology of the genus Indigofera. Consequently, this review is a continuation of this previous study by updating some data and adding information about the phylogeny and traditional uses of the genus. AIM OF THE STUDY To provide an overview of the phylogeny, traditional uses, phytochemistry, pharmacology and toxicity of the genus Indigofera, and to identify the remaining gaps and thus supply a basis for further investigations. MATERIALS AND METHODS A review of the literature was performed by consulting scientific databases such as 'ScienceDirect', 'PubMed', 'Google Scholar' and 'SpringerLink' and using the keyword Indigofera. RESULTS Over 60 Indigofera species are reported in traditional medicine. The uses depend on the country and the species, but similarities have been noticed. Indeed, treatments of gastrointestinal disorders, inflammatory conditions and pain, skin ailments, and respiratory and infectious diseases are recurring. Phytochemical studies have led to the identification of more than 200 compounds, notably flavonoids and terpenoids. Many pharmacological activities have been demonstrated, particularly antimicrobial, cytotoxic and anti-inflammatory activities, and thus allowed to assert most of the traditional uses of the genus. Some active compounds have been isolated and have shown remarkable therapeutic potential, like the alkaloid indirubin, which is currently being clinically trialed. CONCLUSIONS The data on the genus Indigofera are extensive, but gaps still remain. Indeed, some promising species have not been assessed for their phytochemistry and/or pharmacology and thus remain unexplored. Moreover, relatively few active compounds have been isolated and tested for their biological activity, and studies to explain their mechanism of action are nearly inexistent. Furthermore, some pharmacological studies have inappropriate methodologies that make the results difficult to interpret. Consequently, further in-depth and relevant research is required to supplement the knowledge on this wide-ranging genus and to confirm its reported therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elise Gerometta
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Substances Naturelles et des Sciences des Aliments, Faculté des Sciences et Technologies, Université de la Réunion, 15 Avenue René Cassin, BP 7151, St Denis Messag Cedex 9, La Réunion, 97 715, France.
| | - Isabelle Grondin
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Substances Naturelles et des Sciences des Aliments, Faculté des Sciences et Technologies, Université de la Réunion, 15 Avenue René Cassin, BP 7151, St Denis Messag Cedex 9, La Réunion, 97 715, France.
| | - Jacqueline Smadja
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Substances Naturelles et des Sciences des Aliments, Faculté des Sciences et Technologies, Université de la Réunion, 15 Avenue René Cassin, BP 7151, St Denis Messag Cedex 9, La Réunion, 97 715, France.
| | - Michel Frederich
- Université de Liège, Département de Pharmacie, Centre Interfacultaire de Recherche sur le Médicament (CIRM), Laboratoire de Pharmacognosie, Campus du Sart-Tilman, Quartier Hôpital, Avenue Hippocrate, 15 B36, 4000, Liège, Belgium.
| | - Anne Gauvin-Bialecki
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Substances Naturelles et des Sciences des Aliments, Faculté des Sciences et Technologies, Université de la Réunion, 15 Avenue René Cassin, BP 7151, St Denis Messag Cedex 9, La Réunion, 97 715, France.
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Campos JKL, Araújo TFDS, Brito TGDS, da Silva APS, da Cunha RX, Martins MB, da Silva NH, dos Santos BS, da Silva CA, Lima VLDM. Indigofera suffruticosa Mill. (Anil): Plant Profile, Phytochemistry, and Pharmacology Review. Adv Pharmacol Sci 2018; 2018:8168526. [PMID: 30631346 PMCID: PMC6305042 DOI: 10.1155/2018/8168526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Revised: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Indigoferasuffruticosa Mill. (Fabaceae) is known as anil or anileira and also with other names, due to the production of a blue pigment, which is commonly used for yarn dyeing. It is distributed in some states of Brazil (Pernambuco, Paraíba, Mato Grosso, São Paulo, Bahia, Pará, and others) and is used in the popular medicine as a febrifuge, antispasmodic, diuretic, abortive, analgesic, purgative, or soothing agent against stomach and urinary problems, jaundice, and ulcers and also as an insecticide. In addition, I. suffruticosa can be used as animal feed. This review aimed at providing important data on the botanical, distribution, ethnopharmacology, phytochemical, pharmacological, and toxicity of I. suffruticosa based on the scientific literature. Information on I. suffruticosa was gathered via the Internet (from Elsevier, NCBI, and Sci-Hub) and libraries in the period from February to March 2016. More than 40 chemical compounds have been identified and a few compounds isolated, and the main origins are the essential oils, organic extracts, and aqueous extracts of different parts of the plant. I. suffruticosa and its active compounds possess wide pharmacological actions in the literature, such as anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antifungal, antioxidative, antitumor, antimutagenic, anticonvulsant, gastroprotective, and hepatoprotective activities. Therefore, as an important traditional popular medicine, further studies on I. suffruticosa are required for the development of new drugs and therapeutics for various diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janaina K. L. Campos
- Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), Núcleo de Ciências da Vida, Centro Acadêmico do Agreste, Laboratório Morfofuncional, Rodovia BR 104, Km 62, S/N-Nova Caruaru, Caruaru, PE 55014-908, Brazil
- Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), Departamento de Bioquímica, Av. Prof. Moraes Rego, 1235-Cidade Universitária, Recife, PE 50670-901, Brazil
| | - Tiago F. da S. Araújo
- Universidade Federal do Vale do São Francisco, Colegiado de Farmácia, Av. José de Sá Maniçoba, S/N-Centro, Petrolina, PE 56304-917, Brazil
| | - Thaíse G. da S. Brito
- Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), Departamento de Bioquímica, Av. Prof. Moraes Rego, 1235-Cidade Universitária, Recife, PE 50670-901, Brazil
| | - Ana P. S. da Silva
- Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), Departamento de Bioquímica, Av. Prof. Moraes Rego, 1235-Cidade Universitária, Recife, PE 50670-901, Brazil
| | - Rebeca X. da Cunha
- Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), Departamento de Bioquímica, Av. Prof. Moraes Rego, 1235-Cidade Universitária, Recife, PE 50670-901, Brazil
| | - Mônica B. Martins
- Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), Departamento de Bioquímica, Av. Prof. Moraes Rego, 1235-Cidade Universitária, Recife, PE 50670-901, Brazil
| | - Nicácio H. da Silva
- Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), Departamento de Bioquímica, Av. Prof. Moraes Rego, 1235-Cidade Universitária, Recife, PE 50670-901, Brazil
| | - Bianka S. dos Santos
- Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), Núcleo de Ciências da Vida, Centro Acadêmico do Agreste, Laboratório Morfofuncional, Rodovia BR 104, Km 62, S/N-Nova Caruaru, Caruaru, PE 55014-908, Brazil
- Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), Departamento de Bioquímica, Av. Prof. Moraes Rego, 1235-Cidade Universitária, Recife, PE 50670-901, Brazil
| | - César A. da Silva
- Universidade Federal do Vale do São Francisco, Colegiado de Medicina, Av. José de Sá Maniçoba, S/N-Centro, Petrolina, PE 56304-917, Brazil
| | - Vera L. de M. Lima
- Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), Departamento de Bioquímica, Av. Prof. Moraes Rego, 1235-Cidade Universitária, Recife, PE 50670-901, Brazil
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The Confrontation between Ethnopharmacology and Pharmacological Tests of Medicinal Plants Associated with Mental and Neurological Disorders. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2018; 2018:7686913. [PMID: 30057646 PMCID: PMC6051267 DOI: 10.1155/2018/7686913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Revised: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
For neurological disorders, pharmacological tests have shown promising results in the reduction of side effects when using plants with known therapeutic effects in the treatment of some types of dementia. Therefore, the goals of this study are to gather data about the major medicinal plants used in the nervous system as described in ethnopharmacological surveys from South America and Brazil and to compare this data with the results from pharmacological tests on the active principles of those same plants found in the scientific literature. After collecting the data about each plant, their respective popular indication was compared with the results found through pharmacological tests. The discrepancy rate between the effects observed by ethnopharmacological and pharmacological methods in this study is greater than 50%. In conclusion, despite the importance of ethnopharmacological data, it is important to make comparisons with pharmacological tests for the same plants, since the pharmacological studies, although few, have shown a high rate of discrepancy in the results.
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Jung HA, Roy A, Abdul QA, Kim HR, Park HJ, Choi JS. Luteolin 5-O-glucoside from Korean Milk Thistle,Cirsium maackii, Exhibits Anti-Inflammatory Activity via Activation of the Nrf2/HO-1 Pathway. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.20307/nps.2017.23.3.183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Ah Jung
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Anupom Roy
- Department of Food and Life Science, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea
| | - Qudeer Ahmed Abdul
- Department of Food and Life Science, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeung Rak Kim
- Department of Food and Life Science, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Juhn Park
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Sangji University, Wonju 220-702, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Sue Choi
- Department of Food and Life Science, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea
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Sharma D, Pramanik A, Agrawal PK. Evaluation of bioactive secondary metabolites from endophytic fungus Pestalotiopsis neglecta BAB-5510 isolated from leaves of Cupressus torulosa D.Don. 3 Biotech 2016; 6:210. [PMID: 28330281 PMCID: PMC5042905 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-016-0518-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2016] [Accepted: 09/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Six endophytic fungi were isolated from Cupressus torulosa D.Don and identified phenotypically and genotypically. The fungal cultures were further grown and the culture was extracted by two organic solvents methanol and ethyl acetate. The screening was carried out using the agar well diffusion method against human pathogen such as Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhimurium, Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus. Isolated strain of Pestalotiopsis sp. was showing prominent antibacterial activity. The crude methanol and ethyl acetate extract of Pestalotiopsis sp. showed MIC of 6.25 mg/mL for S. typhimurium and S. aureus which showed its efficacy as a potent antimicrobial. The phytochemical screening revealed the existence of a diverse group of secondary metabolites in the crude extracts of the endophytic fungi that resembled those in the host plant extracts. On the basis of phenotypic characteristics and rDNA sequencing of the ITS region of the endophyte was identified as P. neglecta which turned out to be a promising source of bioactive compounds. There is little known about endophytes from C. torulosa D.Don. In this paper we studied in detail the identification of isolated endophytic fungi P. neglecta from C. torulosa D.Don and characterization of its active metabolite compounds. The partially purified second fraction (PPF) extracted from the fungal culture supernatant was subjected to gas chromatography followed by mass spectrometry which revealed the presence of many phytochemicals. These results indicate that endophytic fungi P. neglecta isolated from medicinal plants could be a potential source for bioactive compounds and may find potential use in pharmaceutical industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deeksha Sharma
- Department of Biotechnology, G. B. Pant Engineering College, Ghurdauri, Pauri, Uttarakhand, 246194, India
| | - Avijit Pramanik
- Department of Microbiology, Central University of Haryana, Mahendergarh, Haryana, 123031, India
| | - Pavan Kumar Agrawal
- Department of Biotechnology, G. B. Pant Engineering College, Ghurdauri, Pauri, Uttarakhand, 246194, India.
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Singh DP, Nimker C, Paliwal P, Bansal A. Ethyl 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate (EDHB): a prolyl hydroxylase inhibitor attenuates acute hypobaric hypoxia mediated vascular leakage in brain. J Physiol Sci 2016; 66:315-26. [PMID: 26649730 PMCID: PMC10717431 DOI: 10.1007/s12576-015-0429-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2015] [Accepted: 11/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Sudden exposure to altitude hypoxia is responsible for acute mountain sickness (AMS) in un-acclimatized persons. If not treated in time, AMS can worsen and leads to high altitude cerebral edema, which can be fatal. Present study explores the efficacy of ethyl 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate (EDHB), a prolyl hydroxylase enzyme inhibitor, in modulating adaptive responses to hypobaric hypoxia (HH) in rat brain. Male Sprague-Dawley rats treated with EDHB (75 mg/kg for 3 days), were subjected to acute HH exposure at 9144 m (30,000 ft) for 5 h. Animals were assessed for transvascular leakage and edema formation in brain and role of key inflammatory markers along with hypoxia responsive genes. HH stress increased transvascular permeability and edema formation in conjunction with upregulation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and its regulated proteins. There was surge in pro-inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6, interferon-γ, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 and decrement in anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-10. Further, upregulation of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), a vascular permeability marker and down-regulation of antioxidant and anti-inflammatory proteins hemoxygenase (HO-1) and metallothionein (MT-1) was also observed under hypoxia. EDHB supplementation effectively scaled down HH induced cerebral edema with concomitant downregulation of brain NF-κB expression. There was significant curtailment of pro-inflammatory cytokines and cell adhesion molecules. There was significant downregulation of permeability factor VEGF by EDHB with concomitant increment in hypoxia inducible factor (HIF1α) and anti-inflammatory proteins HO-1 and MT-1 compared to HH control thus accentuating the potential of EDHB as effective hypoxic preconditioning agent in ameliorating HH mediated injury in brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deependra Pratap Singh
- Experimental Biology Division, Defence Institute of Physiology & Allied Sciences, Lucknow Road, Timarpur, Delhi, 110054, India
| | - Charu Nimker
- Experimental Biology Division, Defence Institute of Physiology & Allied Sciences, Lucknow Road, Timarpur, Delhi, 110054, India
| | - Piyush Paliwal
- Department of Biotechnology, Jaipur National University, Jaipur, Rajasthan, 302017, India
| | - Anju Bansal
- Experimental Biology Division, Defence Institute of Physiology & Allied Sciences, Lucknow Road, Timarpur, Delhi, 110054, India.
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Abstract
Natural compounds isolated from various plant sources have been used for therapeutic purpose for centuries. These compounds have been routinely used for the management of various chronic ailments and have gained considerable attention because of their significant efficacy and comparatively low side effects. Butein, a chacolnoid compound that has been isolated from various medicinal plants has exhibited a wide range of beneficial pharmacological effects, such as anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antioxidant, and anti-angiogenic in diverse disease models. This article briefly summarizes the past published literature related to the therapeutic and protective effects of butein, as demonstrated in various models of human chronic diseases. Further analysis of its important cellular targets, toxicity, and pharmacokinetic profile may further significantly expand its therapeutic application.
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Li KC, Ho YL, Chen CY, Hsieh WT, Chang YS, Huang GJ. Lobeline improves acute lung injury via nuclear factor-κB-signaling pathway and oxidative stress. Respir Physiol Neurobiol 2015; 225:19-30. [PMID: 26702732 DOI: 10.1016/j.resp.2015.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2015] [Revised: 12/09/2015] [Accepted: 12/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Acute lung injury (ALI) is a severe, life-threatening medical condition whose pathogenesis is linked to neutrophil infiltration of the lung. Activation and recruitment of neutrophils to the lung is mostly attributed to the production of chemokines NO, IL-6, for instance. This study aims to investigate lobeline ability in reducing NO production, and nitric oxide synthase (iNOs) expression. Lobeline was tested by inhibiting phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), NF-κB and IκBα in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. When RAW 264.7 macrophages were given lobeline with LPS, a significant concentration-dependent inhibition of NO production was detected. In vivo tests, mice were either treated with normal saline, 10mg/kg dexmethasone or 5, 10, 20mg/kg lobeline intraperitoneally, and after an hour, the administration of 5mg/kg of LPS was given intratracheally. External performance, cytokines, MAPK pathways and antioxidative enzymes (AOEs) were also carried out to evaluate the effects of these drugs. This is the first investigation in which lobeline was found to effectively inhibit acute lung edema, which may provide a potential target for treating ALI. Lobeline may utilize MAPKs pathways as well as AOEs activity to attenuate LPS-induced nonspecific pulmonary inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun-Cheng Li
- Department of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, College of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ling Ho
- Department of Nursing, Hungkuang University, Taichung 433, Taiwan
| | - Cing-Yu Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Tsong Hsieh
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Shiun Chang
- Department of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, College of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan; Chinese Crude Drug Pharmacy, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404, Taiwan.
| | - Guan-Jhong Huang
- Department of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, College of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan.
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Meng X, Kim I, Jeong YJ, Cho YM, Kang SC. Anti-inflammatory effects of Saururus chinensis aerial parts in murine macrophages via induction of heme oxygenase-1. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2015; 241:396-408. [PMID: 26553125 DOI: 10.1177/1535370215614657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2015] [Accepted: 09/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Saururus chinensis (Lour.) Baill. is a perennial plant distributed throughout Northeast Asia and its roots have been widely used as a traditional medicine for hepatitis, asthma, pneumonia, and gonorrhea. This study was designed to investigate the anti-inflammatory activity of an extract of S. chinensis of the aerial parts (rather than the root), and the signaling pathway responsible for this effect in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated murine macrophages. The subfraction 4 (SCF4) from the n-hexane layer of the ethanol extract of the aerial parts of S. chinensis exhibited the highest nitrite-inhibitory activity. SCF4 significantly inhibited the production of nitrite and the expression of pro-inflammatory mediators via heme oxygenase-1 upregulation. SCF4 caused significant phosphorylation of p38 MAPK and Akt, which subsequently induced the nuclear translocation of p-p65 nuclear factor-κB and Nrf2. SCF4 also suppressed the phosphorylation of signal transducers and activators of transcription 1 (p-STAT1). The heme oxygenase-1 inhibitor zinc protoporphyrin attenuated the inhibitory effect of SCF4 on lipopolysaccharide-stimulated nitrite production and expression of inflammatory mediators, tumor necrosis factor alpha, and p-STAT1. We identified sauchinone as the active compound in S. chinensis extract and SCF4. Sauchinone was shown to significantly inhibit nitrite production and inflammatory mediators expression via heme oxygenase-1 upregulation. These results suggest that S. chinensis extract, SCF4, and its active compound, sauchinone, could be used as an anti-inflammatory agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Meng
- Department of Life Science, Gachon University, Seongnam 461-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Inhye Kim
- Department of Life Science, Gachon University, Seongnam 461-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Joon Jeong
- Department of Life Science, Gachon University, Seongnam 461-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Mi Cho
- Department of Life Science, Gachon University, Seongnam 461-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Se Chan Kang
- Department of Life Science, Gachon University, Seongnam 461-701, Republic of Korea
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12
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Li L, Sapkota M, Kim SW, Soh Y. Herbacetin inhibits inducible nitric oxide synthase via JNK and nuclear factor-κB in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. Eur J Pharmacol 2015; 765:115-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2015.08.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2015] [Revised: 08/18/2015] [Accepted: 08/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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13
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Jnawali HN, Park YG, Jeon D, Lee E, Kim Y. Anti-Inflammatory Activities of Biapigenin Mediated by Actions on p38 MAPK Pathway. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/bkcs.10460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hum Nath Jnawali
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Bio-Molecular Informatics Center; Konkuk University; Seoul 143-701 Korea
| | - Young-Guen Park
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Bio-Molecular Informatics Center; Konkuk University; Seoul 143-701 Korea
| | - Dasom Jeon
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Bio-Molecular Informatics Center; Konkuk University; Seoul 143-701 Korea
| | - Eunjung Lee
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Bio-Molecular Informatics Center; Konkuk University; Seoul 143-701 Korea
| | - Yangmee Kim
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Bio-Molecular Informatics Center; Konkuk University; Seoul 143-701 Korea
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14
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Dos Santos IP, da Silva LCN, da Silva MV, de Araújo JM, Cavalcanti MDS, Lima VLDM. Antibacterial activity of endophytic fungi from leaves of Indigofera suffruticosa Miller (Fabaceae). Front Microbiol 2015; 6:350. [PMID: 25999918 PMCID: PMC4423342 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.00350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2015] [Accepted: 04/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Endophytic fungi were isolated from healthy leaves of Indigofera suffruticosa Miller, a medicinal plant found in Brazil which is used in folk medicine to treat various diseases. Among 65 endophytic fungi isolated, 18 fungi showed activity against at least one tested microorganism in preliminary screening, and the best results were obtained with Nigrospora sphaerica (URM-6060) and Pestalotiopsis maculans (URM-6061). After fermentation in liquid media and in semisolid media, only N. sphaerica demonstrated antibacterial activity (in Potato Dextrose Broth-PDB and in semisolid rice culture medium). In the next step, a methanolic extract from rice culture medium (NsME) and an ethyl acetate extract (NsEAE) from the supernatant of PDB were prepared and both exhibited antimicrobial activity against Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. The best result was observed against Staphylococcus aureus, with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) values of 1.56 mg/mL and 6.25 mg/mL, respectively, for NsME and MIC and MBC values of 0.39 mg/mL and 3.12 mg/mL, respectively, for NsEAE. This study is the first report about the antimicrobial activity of endophytic fungi residing in I. suffruticosa leaves, in which the fungus N. sphaerica demonstrated the ability to produce bioactive agents with pharmaceutical potential, and may provide a new lead in the pursuit of new biological sources of drug candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irailton Prazeres Dos Santos
- Departamento de Micologia, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco Recife, Brazil ; Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco Recife, Brazil
| | | | - Márcia Vanusa da Silva
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco Recife, Brazil
| | - Janete Magali de Araújo
- Departamento de Antibióticos, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco Recife, Brazil
| | | | - Vera Lucia de Menezes Lima
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco Recife, Brazil
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15
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Sung J, Lee J. Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Butein and Luteolin Through Suppression of NFκB Activation and Induction of Heme Oxygenase-1. J Med Food 2015; 18:557-64. [DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2014.3262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jeehye Sung
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Agriculture, Life & Environmental Sciences, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Korea
| | - Junsoo Lee
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Agriculture, Life & Environmental Sciences, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Korea
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16
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Bezerra Dos Santos AT, Araújo TFDS, Nascimento da Silva LC, da Silva CB, de Oliveira AFM, Araújo JM, Correia MTDS, Lima VLDM. Organic extracts from Indigofera suffruticosa leaves have antimicrobial and synergic actions with erythromycin against Staphylococcus aureus. Front Microbiol 2015; 6:13. [PMID: 25699022 PMCID: PMC4313721 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.00013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2014] [Accepted: 01/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
A characteristic feature of Staphylococcus aureus is its ability to acquire resistance to antimicrobial agents. There is a need, therefore, for new approaches to combat this pathogen; for example, employing a combination of plant-derived products and antibiotics to overcome bacterial resistance. Indigofera suffruticosa is a plant popularly used to treat infections and has verified antimicrobial action. Here, we investigate the antimicrobial activity of different extracts from I. suffruticosa against S. aureus and their synergistic effects with erythromycin. Leaves of I. suffruticosa were extracted sequentially using diethyl ether, chloroform and acetone and the antimicrobial activity of each extract then tested against nine clinical isolates of S. aureus. Minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC) were determined by microdilution tests, while the fractional inhibitory concentration (FIC) was assessed by checkerboard assay. All organic solvent extracts showed antimicrobial activity against S. aureus strains. The acetone extract was the most potent inhibitor of S. aureus (MIC and MBC of 0.78 and 3.12 mg/mL), followed by the chloroform extract (MIC and MBC of 3.12 and 6.25 mg/mL). Furthermore, acetone or chloroform extracts of I. suffruticosa enhanced the activity of erythromycin against S. aureus (FIC ≤ 0.5). We conclude that organic extracts from leaves of I. suffruticosa, alone or combined with erythromycin, are promising natural products for the development of new anti-S. aureus formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Thereza Bezerra Dos Santos
- Laboratório de Química e Metabolismo de Lipídios e Lipoproteínas, Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco Recife, Brazil
| | - Tiago Ferreira da Silva Araújo
- Laboratório de Química e Metabolismo de Lipídios e Lipoproteínas, Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco Recife, Brazil
| | - Luis Cláudio Nascimento da Silva
- Laboratório de Glicoproteínas, Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco Recife, Brazil
| | - Cleideana Bezerra da Silva
- Laboratório de Química e Metabolismo de Lipídios e Lipoproteínas, Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco Recife, Brazil
| | - Antonio Fernando Morais de Oliveira
- Laboratório de Ecologia Aplicada e Fitoquímica, Departamento de Botânica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco Recife, Brazil
| | - Janete Magali Araújo
- Laboratório de Genética de Microrganismos, Departamento de Antibióticos, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco Recife, Brazil
| | - Maria Tereza Dos Santos Correia
- Laboratório de Glicoproteínas, Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco Recife, Brazil
| | - Vera Lúcia de Menezes Lima
- Laboratório de Química e Metabolismo de Lipídios e Lipoproteínas, Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco Recife, Brazil
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Anti-inflammatory effect and mechanism of the green fruit extract of Solanum integrifolium Poir. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:953873. [PMID: 25133186 PMCID: PMC4123553 DOI: 10.1155/2014/953873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2014] [Accepted: 07/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The green fruit of Solanum integrifolium Poir. has been used traditionally as an anti-inflammatory and analgesic remedy in Taiwanese aboriginal medicine. The goal of this study is to evaluate the anti-inflammatory activity and mechanism of the green fruit extract of S. integrifolium. A bioactivity-guided fractionation procedure was developed to identify the active partition fraction. The methanol fraction (ME), with the highest phenolic content, exhibited the strongest inhibitory effect against LPS-mediated nitric oxide (NO) release and cytotoxicity in RAW264.7 macrophages. ME also significantly downregulated the expression of LPS-induced proinflammatory genes, such as iNOS, COX-2, IL-1β, IL-6, CCL2/MCP-1, and CCL3/MIP1α. Moreover, ME significantly upregulated HO-1 expression and stimulated the activation of extracellular-signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2). Pretreatment of cells with the HO-1 inhibitor zinc protoporphyrin and MEK/ERK inhibitor U0126 attenuated ME's inhibitory activity against LPS-induced NO production. Taken together, this is the first study to demonstrate the anti-inflammatory activity of green fruit extract of S. integrifolium and its activity may be mediated by the upregulation of HO-1 expression and activation of ERK1/2 pathway.
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18
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Sung J, Sung M, Kim Y, Ham H, Jeong HS, Lee J. Anti-inflammatory effect of methanol extract from Erigeron Canadensis L. may be involved with upregulation of heme oxygenase-1 expression and suppression of NFκB and MAPKs activation in macrophages. Nutr Res Pract 2014; 8:352-9. [PMID: 25110553 PMCID: PMC4122705 DOI: 10.4162/nrp.2014.8.4.352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2013] [Revised: 01/12/2014] [Accepted: 01/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES In this study, we determined the anti-inflammatory activities and the underlying molecular mechanisms of the methanol extract from Erigeron Canadensis L. (ECM) in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophage cells. MATERIALS/METHODS The potential anti-inflammatory properties of ECM were investigated by using RAW264.7 macrophages. We used western blot assays and real time quantitative polymerase chain reaction to detect protein and mRNA expression, respectively. Luciferase assays were performed to determine the transactivity of transcription factors. RESULTS ECM significantly inhibited inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS)-derived NO and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) derived PGE2 production in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages. These inhibitory effects of ECM were accompanied by decreases in LPS-induced nuclear translocations and transactivities of NFκB. Moreover, phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPKs) including extracellular signal-related kinase (ERK1/2), p38, and c-jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) was significantly suppressed by ECM in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages. Further studies demonstrated that ECM by itself induced heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) protein expression at the protein levels in dose-dependent manner. However, zinc protoporphyrin (ZnPP), a selective HO-1 inhibitor, abolished the ECM-induced suppression of NO production. CONCLUSIONS These results suggested that ECM-induced HO-1 expression was partly responsible for the resulting anti-inflammatory effects. These findings suggest that ECM exerts anti-inflammatory actions and help to elucidate the mechanisms underlying the potential therapeutic values of Erigeron Canadensis L.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeehye Sung
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Chungbuk National University, 52 Naesudong-ro, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk 361-763, Korea
| | - Misun Sung
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Chungbuk National University, 52 Naesudong-ro, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk 361-763, Korea
| | - Younghwa Kim
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Chungbuk National University, 52 Naesudong-ro, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk 361-763, Korea
| | - Hyeonmi Ham
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Chungbuk National University, 52 Naesudong-ro, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk 361-763, Korea
| | - Heon-Sang Jeong
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Chungbuk National University, 52 Naesudong-ro, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk 361-763, Korea
| | - Junsoo Lee
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Chungbuk National University, 52 Naesudong-ro, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk 361-763, Korea
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Yang EJ, Ham YM, Lee WJ, Lee NH, Hyun CG. Anti-inflammatory effects of apo-9'-fucoxanthinone from the brown alga, Sargassum muticum. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 21:62. [PMID: 23889890 PMCID: PMC3733608 DOI: 10.1186/2008-2231-21-62] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2013] [Accepted: 07/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Background The marine environment is a unique source of bioactive natural products, of which Sargassum muticum (Yendo) Fensholt is an important brown algae distributed in Jeju Island, Korea. S. muticum is a traditional Korean food stuff and has pharmacological functions including anti-inflammatory effects. However, the active ingredients from S. muticum have not been characterized. Methods Bioguided fractionation of the ethanolic extract of S. muticum, collected from Jeju island, led to the isolation of a norisoprenoid. Its structure was determined by analysis of the spectroscopic data. In vitro anti-inflammatory activity and mechanisms of action of this compound were examined using lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells through ELISA assays and Western blot analysis. Results Apo-9′-fucoxanthinone, belonging to the norisoprenoid family were identified. Apo-9′-fucoxanthinone effectively suppressed LPS-induced nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) production. This compound also exerted their anti-inflammatory actions by down-regulating of NF-κB activation via suppression of IκB-α in macrophages. Conclusions This is the first report describing effective anti-inflammatory activity for apo-9’-fucoxanthinone′-fucoxanthnone isolated from S. muticum. Apo-9′-fucoxanthinone may be a good candidate for delaying the progression of human inflammatory diseases and warrants further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Jin Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Cosmetic Science Center, Jeju National University, Jeju 690-756, Korea.
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Chen CC, Liu CS, Li CC, Tsai CW, Yao HT, Liu TC, Chen HW, Chen PY, Wu YL, Lii CK, Liu KL. Indigofera suffruticosa Mill extracts up-regulate the expression of the π class of glutathione S-transferase and NAD(P)H: quinone oxidoreductase 1 in rat Clone 9 liver cells. Food Chem Toxicol 2013; 59:610-7. [PMID: 23831193 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2013.06.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2012] [Revised: 05/06/2013] [Accepted: 06/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Because induction of phase II detoxification enzyme is important for chemoprevention, we study the effects of Indigofera suffruticosa Mill, a medicinal herb, on the expression of π class of glutathione S-transferase (GSTP) and NAD(P)H: quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1) in rat Clone 9 liver cells. Both water and ethanolic extracts of I. suffruticosa significantly increased the expression and enzyme activities of GSTP and NQO1. I. suffruticosa extracts up-regulated GSTP promoter activity and the binding affinity of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) with the GSTP enhancer I oligonucleotide. Moreover, I. suffruticosa extracts increased nuclear Nrf2 accumulation as well as ARE transcriptional activity. The level of phospho-ERK was augmented by I. suffruticosa extracts, and the ERK inhibitor PD98059 abolished the I. suffruticosa extract-induced ERK activation and GSTP and NQO-1 expression. Moreover, I. suffruticosa extracts, especially the ethanolic extract increased the glutathione level in mouse liver and red blood cells as well as Clone 9 liver cells. The efficacy of I. suffruticosa extracts in induction of phase II detoxification enzymes and glutathione content implies that I. suffruticosa could be considered as a potential chemopreventive agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Chieh Chen
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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