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Ji-Cai F, Hua-Li HE, Shao-Ying L, Ren R, Shu-Ting W. Investigation of Pesticide Residues in Fragaria and Myrica rubra Sold in Hangzhou. J Food Prot 2022; 85:534-538. [PMID: 34882199 DOI: 10.4315/jfp-21-372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT This study investigated the concentration of the pesticide residues found in Fragaria and Myrica rubra sold in the city of Hangzhou, People's Republic of China. From an analysis of 151 (77 Fragaria and 74 M. rubra) samples using gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS) and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), 41 pesticide residues were found to be present. Of the 41 residues, 14 were found using GC-MS/MS and 27 were found using LC-MS/MS. Of the 151 samples, 10 (13.0%) of the 77 Fragaria samples and 5 (6.8%) of the 74 M. rubra samples were found to contain a specific pesticide residue, and only 4 Fragaria samples and 2 M. rubra samples were found to be without pesticide residue. In addition, 18 of the 41 pesticides were not detected in either Fragaria or M. rubra samples. Of the 41 residues, 10 were detected in Fragaria samples and 20 were detected in M. rubra samples. In Fragaria, procymidone was the most commonly detected residue, with a detection rate of 88.3%, followed by prochloraz, with a detection rate of 53.2%. In M. rubra, prochloraz was the most commonly detected residue, with a detection rate of 71.6%, followed by carbendazim, with a detection rate of 68.9%. The pesticide residues in some samples exceeded the maximum residue limit set in China. The limit of dimethomorph was exceeded in three of the Fragaria samples, and that of dichlorvos was exceeded in two of the M. rubra samples. HIGHLIGHTS
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Ji-Cai
- Laboratory of Chemistry and Physics, Hangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - H E Hua-Li
- Laboratory of Chemistry and Physics, Hangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Liu Shao-Ying
- Laboratory of Chemistry and Physics, Hangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Ren Ren
- Laboratory of Chemistry and Physics, Hangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Wang Shu-Ting
- Laboratory of Chemistry and Physics, Hangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
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2
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Buah-Kwofie A, Humphries MS. Organochlorine pesticide accumulation in fish and catchment sediments of Lake St Lucia: Risks for Africa's largest estuary. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 274:129712. [PMID: 33529950 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.129712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2021] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Although use of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) has been banned or severely limited on a global basis, concerning concentrations continue to be reported in many tropical and subtropical regions of the world. These habitats often support high levels of unique biodiversity and vulnerable communities that depend on the environment for their survival. We investigated threats associated with OCP contamination at Lake St Lucia, a global hotspot for biodiversity and a UNESCO World Heritage Site in South Africa. Lake St Lucia is sustained largely by surface runoff from catchment areas where significant quantities of OCPs have historically been used in agriculture and where DDT continues to be used for disease control. Sediments (n = 40) collected from the two largest fluvial inputs to Lake St Lucia showed that these rivers represent important sources of contaminants, with ∑OCP concentrations ranging between 74 and 510 ng g-1. Measured HCH, dieldrin, ∑DDT and ∑chlor concentrations exceeded NOAA sediment toxicity guidelines in the majority of samples analysed. Bioaccumulation was assessed by examining residue concentrations in muscle tissues from two abundant fish species from Lake St Lucia. OCPs were detected in all samples analysed, with total concentrations ranging 860-5000 ng g-1 lw and 390-3200 ng g-1 lw for Oreochromis mossambicus (n = 17) and Clarias gariepinus (n = 41), respectively. A health risk assessment indicated potential dietary risk associated with exposure to aldrin, dieldrin and heptachlor, although the cumulative effect of OCPs on human health, ecosystem biodiversity and long-term ecotourism sustainability remains unknown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Archibold Buah-Kwofie
- School of Chemistry, University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag 3, WITS, Johannesburg, 2050, South Africa; Nuclear Power Institute, Ghana Atomic Energy Commission, P. O. Box LG 80, Legon, Accra, Ghana.
| | - Marc S Humphries
- School of Chemistry, University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag 3, WITS, Johannesburg, 2050, South Africa
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Golge O, Hepsag F, Kabak B. Health risk assessment of selected pesticide residues in green pepper and cucumber. Food Chem Toxicol 2018; 121:51-64. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2018.08.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2018] [Revised: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Xu X, Li L, Huang X, Lin H, Liu G, Xu D, Jiang J. Survey of Four Groups of Cumulative Pesticide Residues in 12 Vegetables in 15 Provinces in China. J Food Prot 2018; 81:377-385. [PMID: 29419334 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-17-197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The present study investigated the concentrations of residues of four groups of pesticides in the People's Republic of China: organophosphorus, carbamate, pyrethroid, and triazine pesticides. Twenty-six pesticides were examined using gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry in 2,169 samples of 12 typical vegetables collected from 15 provinces in China. The results showed that 908 (41.9%) samples were positive, with 133 (6.1%) samples exceeding the limit legal in China. Leafy vegetables showed higher positive rates than fruits and root vegetables. Organophosphorus, carbamate, pyrethroid, and triazine pesticides were found in 11.8, 7.7, 13.9, and 10.9% of the samples, respectively, which provided important information on current concentrations of cumulative assessment group pesticide residues for vegetables in China. Of the positive samples, a slight violation rate of 1.9% for the organophosphorus pesticide category exceeded China's maximum residue limits. Positive rates for chlorpyrifos in celery, pak-choi, and leeks were higher, but fewer exceeded China's maximum residue limits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomin Xu
- 1 Key Laboratory of Vegetables Quality and Safety Control, Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Vegetable Products, Ministry of Agriculture, The Institute of Vegetables Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100083, People's Republic of China; and.,2 State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Bio-Sensing and Chemometrics College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, People's Republic of China
| | - Lingyun Li
- 1 Key Laboratory of Vegetables Quality and Safety Control, Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Vegetable Products, Ministry of Agriculture, The Institute of Vegetables Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100083, People's Republic of China; and
| | - Xiaodong Huang
- 1 Key Laboratory of Vegetables Quality and Safety Control, Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Vegetable Products, Ministry of Agriculture, The Institute of Vegetables Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100083, People's Republic of China; and
| | - Huan Lin
- 1 Key Laboratory of Vegetables Quality and Safety Control, Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Vegetable Products, Ministry of Agriculture, The Institute of Vegetables Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100083, People's Republic of China; and
| | - Guangyang Liu
- 1 Key Laboratory of Vegetables Quality and Safety Control, Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Vegetable Products, Ministry of Agriculture, The Institute of Vegetables Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100083, People's Republic of China; and
| | - Donghui Xu
- 1 Key Laboratory of Vegetables Quality and Safety Control, Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Vegetable Products, Ministry of Agriculture, The Institute of Vegetables Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100083, People's Republic of China; and
| | - Jianhui Jiang
- 2 State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Bio-Sensing and Chemometrics College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, People's Republic of China
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Dietary cumulative acute risk assessment of organophosphorus, carbamates and pyrethroids insecticides for the Brazilian population. Food Chem Toxicol 2018; 112:108-117. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2017.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2017] [Revised: 12/04/2017] [Accepted: 12/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Yang J, Fan C, Kong D, Tang G, Zhang W, Dong H, Liang Y, Wang D, Cao Y. Synthesis and application of imidazolium-based ionic liquids as extraction solvent for pretreatment of triazole fungicides in water samples. Anal Bioanal Chem 2018; 410:1647-1656. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-017-0820-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2017] [Revised: 11/08/2017] [Accepted: 12/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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7
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Target vs non-target analysis to determine pesticide residues in fruits from Saudi Arabia and influence in potential risk associated with exposure. Food Chem Toxicol 2018; 111:53-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2017.10.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2017] [Revised: 10/29/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Shi YH, Xiao JJ, Feng RP, Liu YY, Liao M, Wu XW, Hua RM, Cao HQ. In-vitro bioaccessibility of five pyrethroids after human ingestion and the corresponding gastrointestinal digestion parameters: A contribution for human exposure assessments. CHEMOSPHERE 2017; 182:517-524. [PMID: 28521167 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.05.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2017] [Revised: 04/27/2017] [Accepted: 05/13/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Bioaccessibility is a crucial parameter in assessing the absorption of contaminants during the human digestive process, but few studies have involved the differences in the bioaccessibilities of pesticides. To investigate the mode of using the in vitro bioaccessibility to refine estimates of dietary exposure to pesticide residues, this study measured the bioaccessibilities of five pyrethroids in apples, and then, it modelled physicochemical predictors (gastrointestinal pH, digestive times, and the solid-liquid (S/L) ratio) of the bioaccessibilities of pyrethroids. Apple samples of gastric and intestinal phase digestive juices were obtained from an in vitro simulated digestion model. Our survey of in vitro digestion models found that the bioaccessibilities ranged from 4.42% to 31.22% and 10.58%-35.63% in the gastric and intestinal phases, respectively. A sharp trend similar to a normal distribution was observed between the bioaccessibilities and pH values. The bioaccessibility reached its highest value at a pH of 1.91 in the simulated gastric juice and did not significantly change with an increase of the digestive time. A significant negative correlation occurred between the bioaccessibility and S/L ratio, which followed a logarithmic equation. The correlation coefficients (R2) ranged from 0.9259 to 0.9831 and 0.9077 to 0.9960 in the simulated gastric and intestinal juice, respectively, suggested that both the pH value and S/L ratio were the main factors affecting the bioaccessibility. Furthermore, a combination of the acceptable daily intake (ADI) and bioaccessibility for human exposure assessments indicated the implication that traditional risk assessment using ADI may seriously overestimate the actual risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Hong Shi
- School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; Provincial Key Laboratory for Agri-Food Safety, Anhui Province, China
| | - Jin-Jing Xiao
- School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Rong-Peng Feng
- School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Yu-Ying Liu
- School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Min Liao
- School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; Provincial Key Laboratory for Agri-Food Safety, Anhui Province, China
| | - Xiang-Wei Wu
- Provincial Key Laboratory for Agri-Food Safety, Anhui Province, China
| | - Ri-Mao Hua
- Provincial Key Laboratory for Agri-Food Safety, Anhui Province, China
| | - Hai-Qun Cao
- School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; Provincial Key Laboratory for Agri-Food Safety, Anhui Province, China.
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Larsson MO, Nielsen VS, Brandt CØ, Bjerre N, Laporte F, Cedergreen N. Quantifying dietary exposure to pesticide residues using spraying journal data. Food Chem Toxicol 2017; 105:407-428. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2017.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2017] [Revised: 04/27/2017] [Accepted: 05/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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10
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Li Z, Nie J, Lu Z, Xie H, Kang L, Chen Q, Li A, Zhao X, Xu G, Yan Z. Cumulative risk assessment of the exposure to pyrethroids through fruits consumption in China – Based on a 3-year investigation. Food Chem Toxicol 2016; 96:234-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2016.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2016] [Revised: 07/22/2016] [Accepted: 08/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Lemos J, Sampedro MC, de Ariño A, Ortiz A, Barrio RJ. Risk assessment of exposure to pesticides through dietary intake of vegetables typical of the Mediterranean diet in the Basque Country. J Food Compost Anal 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2016.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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12
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Zentai A, Szabó IJ, Kerekes K, Ambrus Á. Risk assessment of the cumulative acute exposure of Hungarian population to organophosphorus pesticide residues with regard to consumers of plant based foods. Food Chem Toxicol 2016; 89:67-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2016.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2015] [Revised: 01/17/2016] [Accepted: 01/21/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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13
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Fournier K, Tebby C, Zeman F, Glorennec P, Zmirou-Navier D, Bonvallot N. Multiple exposures to indoor contaminants: Derivation of benchmark doses and relative potency factors based on male reprotoxic effects. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2016; 74:23-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2015.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2015] [Revised: 11/23/2015] [Accepted: 11/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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14
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Chronic cumulative risk assessment of the exposure to organophosphorus, carbamate and pyrethroid and pyrethrin pesticides through fruit and vegetables consumption in the region of Valencia (Spain). Food Chem Toxicol 2016; 89:39-46. [PMID: 26774911 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2016.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2015] [Revised: 01/10/2016] [Accepted: 01/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, the chronic cumulative exposure to organophosphorus (OPs), carbamates (CBs) and pyrethroid and pyrethrin (PPs) pesticides in the region of Valencia through fruit and vegetables consumption is presented. A total of 752 samples and 84 pesticides were studied of which, 52 were OPs, 23 CBs and 9 PPs. Residue data were derived from the Valencia Region monitoring program 2007-2011 and food consumption levels from a questionnaire-based dietary survey conducted in 2010 in the same area. The relative potency factor (RPFs) approach was used to estimate chronic cumulative dietary exposure to OPs, CBs and PPs using acephate, oxamyl and deltamethrin as index compounds, respectively. The exposure was estimated using a deterministic approach and two scenarios were assumed for left-censored results: the lower-bound (LB) scenario, in which unquantified results (below the limit of quantification (LOQ)) were set to zero and the upper-bound (UB) scenario, in which unquantified results were set to the LOQ. Results demonstrate that the chronic exposure of the young (<16 years) and adult (≥ 16 years) population to pesticides through fruits and vegetables is under control (even at high or frequent consumption of fruits and vegetables), for the three groups of pesticides.
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15
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Jensen BH, Petersen A, Nielsen E, Christensen T, Poulsen ME, Andersen JH. Cumulative dietary exposure of the population of Denmark to pesticides. Food Chem Toxicol 2015; 83:300-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2015.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2015] [Revised: 07/01/2015] [Accepted: 07/06/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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16
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van der Voet H, de Boer WJ, Kruisselbrink JW, Goedhart PW, van der Heijden GW, Kennedy MC, Boon PE, van Klaveren JD. The MCRA model for probabilistic single-compound and cumulative risk assessment of pesticides. Food Chem Toxicol 2015; 79:5-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2014.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2014] [Revised: 10/14/2014] [Accepted: 10/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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17
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Stakeholder attitudes towards cumulative and aggregate exposure assessment of pesticides. Food Chem Toxicol 2015; 79:70-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2014.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2014] [Revised: 10/07/2014] [Accepted: 10/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Christen V, Crettaz P, Fent K. Additive and synergistic antiandrogenic activities of mixtures of azol fungicides and vinclozolin. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2014; 279:455-466. [PMID: 25019461 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2014.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2014] [Revised: 06/21/2014] [Accepted: 06/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Many pesticides including pyrethroids and azole fungicides are suspected to have an endocrine disrupting property. At present, the joint activity of compound mixtures is only marginally known. Here we tested the hypothesis that the antiandrogenic activity of mixtures of azole fungicides can be predicted by the concentration addition (CA) model. METHODS The antiandrogenic activity was assessed in MDA-kb2 cells. Following assessing single compounds activities mixtures of azole fungicides and vinclozolin were investigated. Interactions were analyzed by direct comparison between experimental and estimated dose-response curves assuming CA, followed by an analysis by the isobole method and the toxic unit approach. RESULTS The antiandrogenic activity of pyrethroids deltamethrin, cypermethrin, fenvalerate and permethrin was weak, while the azole fungicides tebuconazole, propiconazole, epoxiconazole, econazole and vinclozolin exhibited strong antiandrogenic activity. Ten binary and one ternary mixture combinations of five antiandrogenic fungicides were assessed at equi-effective concentrations of EC25 and EC50. Isoboles indicated that about 50% of the binary mixtures were additive and 50% synergistic. Synergism was even more frequently indicated by the toxic unit approach. CONCLUSION Our data lead to the conclusion that interactions in mixtures follow the CA model. However, a surprisingly high percentage of synergistic interactions occurred. Therefore, the mixture activity of antiandrogenic azole fungicides is at least additive. PRACTICE Mixtures should also be considered for additive antiandrogenic activity in hazard and risk assessment. IMPLICATIONS Our evaluation provides an appropriate "proof of concept", but whether it equally translates to in vivo effects should further be investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verena Christen
- University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland, School of Life Sciences, Gründenstrasse 40, CH-4132 Muttenz, Switzerland
| | - Pierre Crettaz
- Federal Office of Public Health, Division Chemical Products, 3003 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Karl Fent
- University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland, School of Life Sciences, Gründenstrasse 40, CH-4132 Muttenz, Switzerland; ETH Zürich, Department of Environmental System Sciences, Institute of Biogeochemistry and Pollution Dynamics, Universitätsstrasse 16, CH-8092 Zürich, Switzerland.
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Fournier K, Glorennec P, Bonvallot N. An exposure-based framework for grouping pollutants for a cumulative risk assessment approach: case study of indoor semi-volatile organic compounds. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2014; 130:20-28. [PMID: 24525241 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2014.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2013] [Revised: 11/22/2013] [Accepted: 01/15/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Humans are exposed to a large number of contaminants, many of which may have similar health effects. This paper presents a framework for identifying pollutants to be included in a cumulative risk assessment approach. To account for the possibility of simultaneous exposure to chemicals with common toxic modes of action, the first step of the traditional risk assessment process, i.e. hazard identification, is structured in three sub-steps: (1a) Identification of pollutants people are exposed to, (1b) identification of effects and mechanisms of action of these pollutants, (1c) grouping of pollutants according to similarity of their mechanism of action and health effects. Based on this exposure-based grouping we can derive "multi-pollutant" toxicity reference values, in the "dose-response assessment" step. The approach proposed in this work is original in that it is based on real exposures instead of a limited number of pollutants from a unique chemical family, as traditionally performed. This framework is illustrated by the case study of semi-volatile organic compounds in French dwellings, providing insights into practical considerations regarding the accuracy of the available toxicological information. This case study illustrates the value of the exposure-based approach as opposed to the traditional cumulative framework, in which chemicals with similar health effects were not always included in the same chemical class.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Fournier
- EHESP School of Public Health, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Avenue du Professeur Léon Bernard, 35043 Rennes Cedex, France; INSERM UMR1085 IRSET (Research Institute in Environmental and Occupational Health), Rennes, France
| | - Philippe Glorennec
- EHESP School of Public Health, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Avenue du Professeur Léon Bernard, 35043 Rennes Cedex, France; INSERM UMR1085 IRSET (Research Institute in Environmental and Occupational Health), Rennes, France
| | - Nathalie Bonvallot
- EHESP School of Public Health, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Avenue du Professeur Léon Bernard, 35043 Rennes Cedex, France; INSERM UMR1085 IRSET (Research Institute in Environmental and Occupational Health), Rennes, France.
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Chambers JE, Greim H, Kendall RJ, Segner H, Sharpe RM, Van Der Kraak G. Human and ecological risk assessment of a crop protection chemical: a case study with the azole fungicide epoxiconazole. Crit Rev Toxicol 2013; 44:176-210. [DOI: 10.3109/10408444.2013.855163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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