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Summer K, Browne J, Liu L, Benkendorff K. Molluscan Compounds Provide Drug Leads for the Treatment and Prevention of Respiratory Disease. Mar Drugs 2020; 18:md18110570. [PMID: 33228163 PMCID: PMC7699502 DOI: 10.3390/md18110570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Respiratory diseases place an immense burden on global health and there is a compelling need for the discovery of new compounds for therapeutic development. Here, we identify research priorities by critically reviewing pre-clinical and clinical studies using extracts and compounds derived from molluscs, as well as traditional molluscan medicines, used in the treatment of respiratory diseases. We reviewed 97 biomedical articles demonstrating the anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, anticancer, and immunomodulatory properties of >320 molluscan extracts/compounds with direct relevance to respiratory disease, in addition to others with promising bioactivities yet to be tested in the respiratory context. Of pertinent interest are compounds demonstrating biofilm inhibition/disruption and antiviral activity, as well as synergism with approved antimicrobial and chemotherapeutic agents. At least 100 traditional medicines, incorporating over 300 different mollusc species, have been used to treat respiratory-related illness in cultures worldwide for thousands of years. These medicines provide useful clues for the discovery of bioactive components that likely underpin their continued use. There is particular incentive for investigations into anti-inflammatory compounds, given the extensive application of molluscan traditional medicines for symptoms of inflammation, and shells, which are the principal molluscan product used in these preparations. Overall, there is a need to target research toward specific respiratory disease-related hypotheses, purify bioactive compounds and elucidate their chemical structures, and develop an evidence base for the integration of quality-controlled traditional medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate Summer
- Marine Ecology Research Centre, School of Environment, Science and Engineering, Southern Cross University, GPO Box 157, Lismore, NSW 2480, Australia;
| | - Jessica Browne
- School of Health and Human Sciences, Southern Cross University, Terminal Drive, Bilinga, QLD 4225, Australia;
| | - Lei Liu
- Southern Cross Plant Science, Southern Cross University, GPO Box 157, Lismore, NSW 2480, Australia;
| | - Kirsten Benkendorff
- National Marine Science Centre, Southern Cross University, 2 Bay Drive, Coffs Harbour, NSW 2450, Australia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +61-429-520-589
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Paiva Ferreira LKD, Paiva Ferreira LAM, Monteiro TM, Bezerra GC, Bernardo LR, Piuvezam MR. Combined allergic rhinitis and asthma syndrome (CARAS). Int Immunopharmacol 2019; 74:105718. [PMID: 31255882 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2019.105718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Revised: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Combined allergic rhinitis and asthma syndrome (CARAS) is a concept of "one airway - one disease" or "unified airway disease ". The upper and lower airway inflammation characterizes allergic rhinitis and asthma, respectively and both diseases have shown an intimate connection in their genesis, coexistence and similarities as triggered by the same etiological agents; the same inflammatory cell profile and share therapeutic treatment. This review highlights the concept of CARAS by its phenotype, endotype and biomarker classification. Indeed, rhinitis is divided into four major phenotypes: allergic rhinitis; infectious rhinitis; non-infective/non-allergic rhinitis and mixed rhinitis. On the other hand, asthma has no common consensus yet; however, the most accepted classification is based on the stage of life (early- or late- onset asthma) in which the clinical symptoms are presented. Experimental researches where animals develop a syndrome similar to CARAS have been contributed to better understand the pathogenesis of the syndrome. Therefore, the aim of this review is to clarify current terms related to CARAS as definition, phenotypes, endotypes/biomarkers, physiopathology and treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laércia K D Paiva Ferreira
- Department of Physiology and Pathology, Graduate Program in Natural and Synthetic Bioactive Products, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, PB, Brazil
| | - Larissa A M Paiva Ferreira
- Department of Physiology and Pathology, Graduate Program in Natural and Synthetic Bioactive Products, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, PB, Brazil
| | - Talissa M Monteiro
- Department of Physiology and Pathology, Graduate Program in Natural and Synthetic Bioactive Products, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, PB, Brazil
| | - Grasiela Costa Bezerra
- Department of Physiology and Pathology, Graduate Program in Natural and Synthetic Bioactive Products, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, PB, Brazil
| | - Larissa Rodrigues Bernardo
- Department of Physiology and Pathology, Graduate Program in Development and Technological Innovation of Medicines, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, PB, Brazil
| | - Marcia Regina Piuvezam
- Department of Physiology and Pathology, Graduate Program in Natural and Synthetic Bioactive Products, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, PB, Brazil; Department of Physiology and Pathology, Graduate Program in Development and Technological Innovation of Medicines, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, PB, Brazil.
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Aun MV, Bonamichi-Santos R, Arantes-Costa FM, Kalil J, Giavina-Bianchi P. Animal models of asthma: utility and limitations. J Asthma Allergy 2017; 10:293-301. [PMID: 29158683 PMCID: PMC5683778 DOI: 10.2147/jaa.s121092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinical studies in asthma are not able to clear up all aspects of disease pathophysiology. Animal models have been developed to better understand these mechanisms and to evaluate both safety and efficacy of therapies before starting clinical trials. Several species of animals have been used in experimental models of asthma, such as Drosophila, rats, guinea pigs, cats, dogs, pigs, primates and equines. However, the most common species studied in the last two decades is mice, particularly BALB/c. Animal models of asthma try to mimic the pathophysiology of human disease. They classically include two phases: sensitization and challenge. Sensitization is traditionally performed by intraperitoneal and subcutaneous routes, but intranasal instillation of allergens has been increasingly used because human asthma is induced by inhalation of allergens. Challenges with allergens are performed through aerosol, intranasal or intratracheal instillation. However, few studies have compared different routes of sensitization and challenge. The causative allergen is another important issue in developing a good animal model. Despite being more traditional and leading to intense inflammation, ovalbumin has been replaced by aeroallergens, such as house dust mites, to use the allergens that cause human disease. Finally, researchers should define outcomes to be evaluated, such as serum-specific antibodies, airway hyperresponsiveness, inflammation and remodeling. The present review analyzes the animal models of asthma, assessing differences between species, allergens and routes of allergen administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo Vivolo Aun
- Clinical Immunology and Allergy Division, Department of Internal Medicine, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil.,Laboratory of Experimental Therapeutics (LIM20), Department of Internal Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rafael Bonamichi-Santos
- Clinical Immunology and Allergy Division, Department of Internal Medicine, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil.,Laboratory of Experimental Therapeutics (LIM20), Department of Internal Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Jorge Kalil
- Clinical Immunology and Allergy Division, Department of Internal Medicine, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Pedro Giavina-Bianchi
- Clinical Immunology and Allergy Division, Department of Internal Medicine, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil
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Kim SN, Jo GH, Kim HA, Heo Y. Aberrant IgG isotype generation in mice with abnormal behaviors. J Immunotoxicol 2015; 13:92-6. [PMID: 25691089 DOI: 10.3109/1547691x.2015.1014581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BTBR T+tf/J (BTBR) mice were recently cited as a suitable animal model for the study of autism because of their behavioral characteristics and immunological changes similar to those reported from autistic subjects. The BTBR mouse was reported to have significantly higher levels of serum IgG, brain IgG deposits and anti-brain IgG than highly social C57BL/6 mice, suggesting involvement of aberrant immune responses in the occurrence of autism. Up-regulation of IgG production was investigated here, with a focus on the pattern of IgG isotype distribution compared with that in FVB/NJ (FVB) mice, another highly social control strain. The results indicated that levels of serum IgG1, IgG2b and IgG3 in post-natal day 21 BTBR mice was significantly higher than FVB mice, regardless of sex, resulting in higher IgG1:IgG2a ratios in BTBR mice than in FVB mice (statistical significance in males). A similar outcome regarding the IgG1:IgG2a ratio was observed in culture supernatants of bone marrow cells from these hosts. A presence of brain-reactive IgG in the sera of BTBR was higher than in FVB mice; levels of brain-reactive IgG against whole brain homogenates were higher in BTBR than in FVB mice, with significant differences seen in the striatum and substantia nigra regions. Levels of IgG1 deposited in the cerebellum, cortex, hippocampus or striatum of both BTBR male and female mice were significantly higher than in FVB counterparts. Overall, these results suggest that alterations in IgG isotype production or deposition in the brain could be implicated in the aberrant immune reactivities of BTBR mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- So-Nam Kim
- a Department of Occupational Health, College of Medical and Public Health Sciences , Catholic University of Daegu , Gyeongsan-si , Republic of Korea
| | - Gwang-Ho Jo
- b Daegu Fatima Hospital , Daegu , Republic of Korea , and
| | - Hyoung-Ah Kim
- c Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine , The Catholic University of Korea , Seoul , Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Heo
- a Department of Occupational Health, College of Medical and Public Health Sciences , Catholic University of Daegu , Gyeongsan-si , Republic of Korea
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