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Gao H, Wang Z, Zhu D, Zhao L, Xiao W. Dioscin: Therapeutic potential for diabetes and complications. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 170:116051. [PMID: 38154275 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.116051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a widespread metabolic disorder with increasing incidence worldwide, posing a considerable threat to human health because of its complications. Therefore, cost-effective antidiabetic drugs with minimal side effects are urgently needed. Dioscin, a naturally occurring compound, helps to reduce the complications of diabetes mellitus by regulating glucose and lipid metabolism, protecting islet β cells, improving insulin resistance, and inhibiting oxidative stress and inflammatory response. Plant-derived dioscin reduces the risk of toxicity and side effects associated with chemically synthesized drugs. It is a promising option for treating diabetes mellitus because of its preventive and therapeutic effects, which may be attributed to a variety of underlying mechanisms. However, data compiled by current studies are preliminary. Information about the molecular mechanism of dioscin remains limited, and no high-quality human experiments and clinical trials for testing its safety and efficacy have been conducted. As a resource for research in this area, this review is expected to provide a systematic framework for the application of dioscin in the treatment of diabetes mellitus and its complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoyang Gao
- Shanghai Key Lab of Human Performance (Shanghai University of sport), Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China; The Key Lab of Exercise and Health Sciences of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Ze Wang
- Shanghai Key Lab of Human Performance (Shanghai University of sport), Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China; The Key Lab of Exercise and Health Sciences of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Danlin Zhu
- Shanghai Key Lab of Human Performance (Shanghai University of sport), Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China; The Key Lab of Exercise and Health Sciences of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Linlin Zhao
- Shanghai Key Lab of Human Performance (Shanghai University of sport), Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China; The Key Lab of Exercise and Health Sciences of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China; School of Physical Education, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China.
| | - Weihua Xiao
- Shanghai Key Lab of Human Performance (Shanghai University of sport), Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China; The Key Lab of Exercise and Health Sciences of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China.
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Yang XF, Miao Y, Yang DW, Kong R, Yuan B, Quan JY, Bu W. UPLC-Q TOF-MS-Based metabolomics and anti-myocardial ischemia activity of Dioscoreae Nipponicae Rhizoma from different geographical origins. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2023; 234:115551. [PMID: 37453145 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2023.115551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2023] [Revised: 06/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
The dried rhizome of Dioscorea nipponica Makino ("Chuanshanlong" in Chinese) is a medicinal herb with multiple major producing areas. The main objective of this study was the comparative profiling of Dioscoreae Nipponicae Rhizoma (DNR) from various geographical origins. A hypoxia/reoxygenation-induced H9c2 cell injury model was established, and the antimyocardial ischemia activity of DNR samples from different origins was detected using the cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) method. The result showed that the antimyocardial ischemia potential of DNR samples from the Heilongjiang province was higher than that of the other studied samples. Subsequently, a plant metabolomics technique utilizing ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q TOF-MS) was used to determine the differences in DNR samples from various geographical origins. Forty compounds, including steroidal saponins, free fatty acids, and organic acids, were tentatively identified based on UPLC-Q TOF-MS fragmentation pathways and via comparison with available reference standards. Partial least squares discriminant analysis was performed to estimate the differences in DNR samples from different origins. Five compounds were significantly up-regulated and correlated with antimyocardial ischemia in DNR samples from Heilongjiang province. Molecular docking was used to discern the interactions of key markers with the active sites of the target protein. The findings signified that UPLC-Q TOF-MS metabolomics coupled with molecular docking is a powerful tool to rapidly identify the quality control characteristics of DNR samples and their products. The research provides a direction for the rational utilization of DNR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Fang Yang
- Experimental Research Center, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, PR China
| | - Yu Miao
- State Key Laboratory of Generic Manufacture Technology of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Co. Ltd., Shandong, PR China
| | - Da-Wei Yang
- Zhong Yuan Academy of Biological Medicine, Liaocheng People's Hospital, Liaocheng, PR China
| | - Ren Kong
- Institute of Bioinformation and Medical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Technology, Changzhou, PR China
| | - Bo Yuan
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, PR China
| | - Jian-Ye Quan
- Experimental Research Center, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, PR China.
| | - Wei Bu
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, PR China; Institute of Science and Technology, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, PR China.
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3
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Dioscin ameliorates silica-aggravated systemic lupus erythematosus via suppressing apoptosis and improving LC3-associated phagocytosis in MRL/lpr mice. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 116:109814. [PMID: 36773568 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.109814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Revised: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
Inhalation of silica not only directly leads to silicosis locally, but also results in various types of autoimmune diseases systemically, most commonly systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Little is known about the etiopathogenesis of silica-aggravated SLE to date, however, abnormal apoptosis and impaired apoptotic clearance have been reported to be closely related to the occurrence of SLE. LC3-associated phagocytosis (LAP) is a non-canonical form of autophagy, which plays a crucial role in mediating the clearance of apoptotic cells. Here we showed that the excessive accumulation of apoptotic debris in MRL/lpr mice exposed to silica might be due to the increased cell apoptosis and defective LAP caused by silica, thus accelerating the occurrence and progression of silica-aggravated SLE. Dioscin is an active ingredient in the family of Dioscoreaceae and is reported to possess multiple pharmacological activities, including anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic and autophagy-promoting properties. However, its role in SLE aggravated by silica exposure has not been investigated. In our study, we confirmed that dioscin decreased the accumulation of apoptotic debris by suppressing the excessive cell apoptosis and improving the LAP of immune cells in lung and spleen, leading to subsequent dramatically ameliorated lupus-like symptoms in silica-exposed MRL/lpr mice.
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Vijayan N, Perumal MK. A critical review on anti-fibrotic phytochemicals targeting activated hepatic stellate cells. J Food Biochem 2022; 46:e14438. [PMID: 36209494 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.14438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Liver fibrosis is a major health concern occurring worldwide. It arises due to prolonged wound healing response of various insults like viral, autoimmune, cholestatic, drug-induced, and metabolic diseases. Currently, there is no clinically approved drug for liver fibrosis treatment. Hepatic stellate cells are the principal liver cells that are activated during liver fibrosis, and targeting these activated cells is an ideal therapeutic strategy. Numerous phytochemicals have been demonstrated in vitro and in vivo treating experimental liver fibrosis; however, none of them have been clinically approved for therapeutic use. This review mainly focuses on such hepatoprotective phytochemicals reported inhibiting major signaling pathways that are dysregulated in activated hepatic stellate cells. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Liver fibrosis is a global health concern and there is no FDA approved drug to treat liver fibrosis. Although notable pharmacological agents like pentoxifylline, gliotoxin, imatinibmesylate, Gleevec, and so on are reported to exhibit anti-fibrotic effect, the major concern is their side effect. Hence, phytochemicals are promising candidates that could be employed against liver fibrosis. In this review, the anti-fibrotic potential of phytochemicals targeting activated HSCs are summarized. Understanding these phytochemicals will further help in the development of agents that are more effective against liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nivya Vijayan
- Department of Biochemistry, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Madan Kumar Perumal
- Department of Biochemistry, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
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Sundararajan M, Subramani A, Ubaidullah M, Shaikh SF, Pandit B, Jesudoss SK, Kamalakannan M, Yuvaraj S, Subudhi PS, Dash CS. Synthesis, Characterization and In Vitro Cytotoxic Effects of Cu:Co3O4 Nanoparticles Via Microwave Combustion Method. J CLUST SCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10876-022-02239-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Bandopadhyay S, Anand U, Gadekar VS, Jha NK, Gupta PK, Behl T, Kumar M, Shekhawat MS, Dey A. Dioscin: A review on pharmacological properties and therapeutic values. Biofactors 2022; 48:22-55. [PMID: 34919768 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Dioscin has gained immense popularity as a natural, bioactive steroid saponin, which offers numerous medical benefits. The growing global incidence of disease-associated morbidity and mortality continues to compromise human health, facilitating an increasingly urgent need for nontoxic, noninvasive, and efficient treatment alternatives. Natural compounds can contribute vastly to this field. Over recent years, studies have demonstrated the remarkable protective actions of dioscin against a variety of human malignancies, metabolic disorders, organ injuries, and viral/fungal infections. The successful usage of this phytocompound has been widely seen in medical treatment procedures under traditional Chinese medicine, and it is becoming progressively prevalent worldwide. This review provides an insight into the wide spectrum of pharmacological activities of dioscin, as reported and compiled in recent literature. The various novel approaches and applications of dioscin also verify the advantages exhibited by plant extracts against commercially available drugs, highlighting the potential of phytochemical agents like dioscin to be further incorporated into clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Uttpal Anand
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Vijaykumar Shivaji Gadekar
- Zoology Department, Sangola College (affiliated to Punyashlok Ahilyadevi Holkar Solapur University), Solapur, Maharashtra, India
| | - Niraj Kumar Jha
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering & Technology, Sharda University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Piyush Kumar Gupta
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Basic Sciences and Research, Sharda University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Tapan Behl
- Department of Pharmacology, Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Chandigarh, Punjab, India
| | - Manoj Kumar
- Chemical and Biochemical Processing Division, ICAR - Central Institute for Research on Cotton Technology, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Mahipal S Shekhawat
- Plant Biotechnology Unit, Kanchi Mamunivar Government Institute for Postgraduate Studies and Research, Puducherry, India
| | - Abhijit Dey
- Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
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Tian H, Chen X, Zhang Y, Wang Y, Fu X, Gu W, Wen Y. Dioscin inhibits SCC15 cell proliferation via the RASSF1A/MST2/YAP axis. Mol Med Rep 2021; 23:414. [PMID: 33786612 PMCID: PMC8025490 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2021.12053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Dioscin, an extract from traditional Chinese herbal plants, displays various biological and pharmacological effects on tumors, including inhibition of cell proliferation and induction of DNA damage. However, the effects of dioscin on oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) cells are not completely understood. The present study aimed to evaluate the impact of dioscin on OSCC cell proliferation. Cell Counting Kit-8 and 5-ethynyl-2′-deoxyuridine incorporation assays were performed to assess cell proliferation. Flow cytometry was conducted to detect alterations in the cell cycle and cell apoptosis. Western blotting and coimmunoprecipitation were performed to determine protein expression levels. In SCC15 cells, dioscin treatment significantly induced cell cycle arrest, increased apoptosis and inhibited proliferation compared with the control group. Mechanistically, the tumor suppressor protein Ras association domain-containing protein 1A (RASSF1A) was activated and oncoprotein yes-associated protein (YAP) was phosphorylated by dioscin. Furthermore, YAP overexpression and knockdown reduced and enhanced the inhibitory effects of dioscin on SCC15 cells, respectively. In summary, the results demonstrated that, compared with the control group, dioscin upregulated RASSF1A expression in OSCC cells, which resulted in YAP phosphorylation, thus weakening its transcriptional coactivation function, enhancing cell cycle arrest and apoptosis, and inhibiting cell proliferation. The present study indicated that dioscin may serve as a therapeutic agent for OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Tian
- Department of Implantology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Xiyan Chen
- Department of Implantology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Yafei Zhang
- Department of Implantology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Implantology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Xucheng Fu
- Department of Implantology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Weiting Gu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Yong Wen
- Department of Implantology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
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Shen B, Yu X, Jiang W, Yuan H, Zhao M, Zhou H, Pan Z. Green Conversion of Saponins to Diosgenin in an Alcoholysis System Catalyzed by Solid Acid Derived from Phosphorus Tailings. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:5423-5435. [PMID: 33681582 PMCID: PMC7931428 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c05627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
This work proposed to prepare solid acid from phosphorus tailings and successfully convert Dioscorea zingiberensis C.H. Wright (DZW) into diosgenin from the perspective of solid waste resource reuse and clean production. The results showed that SiO2-SO3H solid acid could catalyze the production of diosgenin from total saponins under solvothermal reaction conditions. In addition, the parameters of a single factor, such as the amount of SiO2-SO3H, solvent volume, reaction temperature, and reaction time, were optimized to confirm the optimal range of reaction conditions, and the optimal process conditions were determined by the response surface method. The yield of diosgenin was 2.45 ± 0.17% under the optimum conditions, and the yield of diosgenin was increased by 12.90% compared with the traditional acid hydrolysis process. Except the relatively higher catalytic activity, the alcoholysis approach for the production of diosgenin has no waste liquid to discharge. The products were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, and the pathway to convert total saponins into diosgenin under SiO2-SO3H has been proposed. Moreover, the adopted catalyst can be prepared with very low cost from phosphorus tailings. Considering the obvious superiorities, the alcoholysis approach in this work could be a promising strategy for green production of diosgenin as well as a possible utilization pathway of phosphorus tailings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bowei Shen
- College
of Chemistry and Environmental Technology, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430073, China
| | - XueJun Yu
- Three
Gorges Public Inspection and Testing Center, Hubei 430071, China
| | - Wenxiu Jiang
- College
of Chemistry and Environmental Technology, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430073, China
| | - Hui Yuan
- College
of Chemistry and Environmental Technology, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430073, China
| | - Mengqi Zhao
- College
of Chemistry and Environmental Technology, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430073, China
| | - Hong Zhou
- College
of Chemistry and Environmental Technology, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430073, China
| | - Zhiquan Pan
- College
of Chemistry and Environmental Technology, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430073, China
- Three
Gorges Public Inspection and Testing Center, Hubei 430071, China
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Li XL, Ma RH, Ni ZJ, Thakur K, Cespedes-Acuña CL, Wang S, Zhang JG, Wei ZJ. Dioscin inhibits human endometrial carcinoma proliferation via G0/G1 cell cycle arrest and mitochondrial-dependent signaling pathway. Food Chem Toxicol 2020; 148:111941. [PMID: 33359023 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2020.111941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The present study emphasized on the anti-cancerous effects of dioscin and its underlying molecular mechanism in human endometrial cancer Ishikawa cells. Dioscin significantly suppressed the proliferation of Ishikawa cells at IC50 of 2.37 μM. Besides, dioscin could inhibit the proliferation of Ishikawa cells by blocking the G0/G1 cell cycle through up-regulation of p16, p21, and p27 and down-regulation of cycle-cellular protein (Cyclin A/D/E) and cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK2/4/6). Also, it promoted apoptosis through the mitochondrial pathway, including the regulation of Bcl family proteins, the increase of ROS levels, the activation of caspases (Caspase 9/3), and the decrease of mitochondrial membrane permeability. Whereas dioscin also effectively activated the marker genes and proteins (Fas, TNF-R1, and Caspase 8) related to the death receptor-mediated pathway which confirmed the involvement of both the pathways for dioscin-induced apoptosis. The current results demonstrated that dioscin possessed potential health benefits with respect to endometrial cancer prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Li Li
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, People's Republic of China.
| | - Run-Hui Ma
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, People's Republic of China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Food Production and Safety, School of Biological Science and Engineering, North Minzu University, Yinchuan, 750021, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhi-Jing Ni
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, People's Republic of China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Food Production and Safety, School of Biological Science and Engineering, North Minzu University, Yinchuan, 750021, People's Republic of China.
| | - Kiran Thakur
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, People's Republic of China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Food Production and Safety, School of Biological Science and Engineering, North Minzu University, Yinchuan, 750021, People's Republic of China.
| | | | - Shaoyun Wang
- College of Biological Science and Technology, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jian-Guo Zhang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, People's Republic of China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Food Production and Safety, School of Biological Science and Engineering, North Minzu University, Yinchuan, 750021, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhao-Jun Wei
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, People's Republic of China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Food Production and Safety, School of Biological Science and Engineering, North Minzu University, Yinchuan, 750021, People's Republic of China.
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10
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Liao AM, Cai B, Huang JH, Hui M, Lee KK, Lee KY, Chun C. Synthesis, anticancer activity and potential application of diosgenin modified cancer chemotherapeutic agent cytarabine. Food Chem Toxicol 2020; 148:111920. [PMID: 33346046 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2020.111920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Diosgenin (DG), a steroidal saponin, is mainly found in yam tubers. DG and its derivatives displayed significant pharmacological activities against inflammatory, hyperlipidemia, and various cancers. DG was selected to modify the cancer chemotherapeutic agent cytarabine (Ara-C) due to its anti-tumor activities as well as lipophilicity. After characterization, the biomembrane affinity and the kinetic thermal processes of the obtained DG-Ara-C conjugate were evaluated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Thin hydration method with sonication was applied to prepare the DG-Ara-C liposomes without cholesterol since the DG moiety has the similar basic structure with cholesterol with more advantages. Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) analysis and cytotoxic analysis were employed to characterize the DG-Ara-C liposomes and investigate their biological activities, respectively. The results indicated that DG changed the biomembrane affinity of Ara-C and successfully replaced the cholesterol during the liposome preparation. The DG-Ara-C liposomes have an average particle size of around 116 nm with a narrow size distribution and revealed better anti-cancer activity against leukemia cells and solid tumor cells than that of free DG or Ara-C. Therefore, it can be concluded that DG displayed the potential application as an anti-cancer drug carrier to improve the bio-activities, since DG counted for a critical component in modulating the biomembrane affinity, preparation of liposome, and release of hydrophilic Ara-C from lipid vesicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ai-Mei Liao
- College of Biological Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, 450001, China; College of Pharmacy, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Bangrong Cai
- College of Pharmacy, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea; Henan Research Center for Special Processing Technology of Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Ji-Hong Huang
- College of Biological Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, 450001, China; Henan Cooperation Science and Technology Institute, Luoyang, 471000, China
| | - Ming Hui
- College of Biological Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Kyung-Ku Lee
- Testing and Evaluation Center for Dental Devices, Chonnam National University Dental Hospital, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang Youl Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea.
| | - ChangJu Chun
- College of Pharmacy, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea.
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Wang P, Wang C, Liu C. Antitumor effects of dioscin in A431 cells via adjusting ATM/p53-mediated cell apoptosis, DNA damage and migration. Oncol Lett 2020; 21:59. [PMID: 33281970 PMCID: PMC7709553 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2020.12321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Skin cancer is the deadliest type of malignant disease and causes primary mortality worldwide. Dioscin, which exists in medicinal plants, has potent anticancer effects. However, its effects on skin cancer remain unknown. In the present study, the activity and mechanism of dioscin on the human skin cancer A431 cell line were investigated, MTT, colony formation, Transwell, wound-healing, TUNEL, Comet, immunofluorescence and western blot assays were used to assess the effects of dioscin on A431 cells. The results of MTT, colony formation, Transwell and wound-healing assays revealed that dioscin suppressed proliferation, colony formation and invasion of the cancer cells. TUNEL and comet assays demonstrated that dioscin exhibited significant effects on cell apoptosis and DNA damage. Investigations into the mechanism revealed that the expression levels of phosphorylated Ataxia telangiectasia-mutated (ATM) were considerably activated by dioscin, which significantly upregulated the expression levels of p53 to activate mitochondrial apoptosis signaling. Furthermore, the expression levels of BAX, cleaved caspase-3/9 and cleaved poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase were upregulated, and the expression levels of BCL-2 were downregulated by dioscin. Additionally, dioscin markedly downregulated the expression levels of matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP2), MMP9, RHO and cdc42, which are all associated with tumor invasion. In addition, p53-small interfering RNA transfection experiments indicated that dioscin exhibited excellent activity against skin cancer in vitro by decreasing p53 expression. Overall, the present results suggested that dioscin inhibited skin cancer cell proliferation via adjusting ATM/p53-mediated cell apoptosis, migration and DNA damage, which should be considered as a potential option for future treatments of skin cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, Liaoning 110847, P.R. China
| | - Chun Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, Liaoning 110847, P.R. China
| | - Chunying Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, Liaoning 110847, P.R. China
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Yao Y, Cui L, Ye J, Yang G, Lu G, Fang X, Zeng Z, Zhou J. Dioscin facilitates ROS-induced apoptosis via the p38-MAPK/HSP27-mediated pathways in lung squamous cell carcinoma. Int J Biol Sci 2020; 16:2883-2894. [PMID: 33061803 PMCID: PMC7545707 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.45710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is one of the deadliest cancers both in China and worldwide. To date, the efficacy of lung SCC treatments is limited. Recent studies have elucidated the powerful anti-tumour role of dioscin in different human cancers. Here, our study aims to investigate the effect of dioscin on lung SCC and its underlying mechanism. First, we found that dioscin not only inhibited cell proliferation and cell migration and induced cell apoptosis in lung SCC cells but also suppressed tumour growth in tumour-bearing mice. Furthermore, we noted that the accumulation of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) was triggered by dioscin in lung SCC cells, leading to the phosphorylation of HSP27 through p38-MAPK and consequent cell apoptosis. The activation of p38-MAPK/HSP27 induced by the p38-MAPK activator Anisomycin enhanced the apoptosis of lung SCC cells, while the ROS inhibitor N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) and the p38-MAPK inhibitor SB203580 both attenuated dioscin-mediated cell apoptosis. Moreover, NAC suppressed the activation of p38-MAPK/HSP27 that induced by dioscin. In conclusion, these results confirm that dioscin facilitates ROS-induced apoptosis via the p38-MAPK/HSP27-mediated pathway in lung SCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinan Yao
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Luyun Cui
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiani Ye
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Guangdie Yang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Guohua Lu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaomei Fang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhu Zeng
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianying Zhou
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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13
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Parama D, Boruah M, Yachna K, Rana V, Banik K, Harsha C, Thakur KK, Dutta U, Arya A, Mao X, Ahn KS, Kunnumakkara AB. Diosgenin, a steroidal saponin, and its analogs: Effective therapies against different chronic diseases. Life Sci 2020; 260:118182. [PMID: 32781063 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic diseases are a major cause of mortality worldwide, and despite the recent development in treatment modalities, synthetic drugs have continued to show toxic side effects and development of chemoresistance, thereby limiting their application. The use of phytochemicals has gained attention as they show minimal side effects. Diosgenin is one such phytochemical which has gained importance for its efficacy against the life-threatening diseases, such as cardiovascular diseases, cancer, nervous system disorders, asthma, arthritis, diabetes, and many more. AIM To evaluate the literature available on the potential of diosgenin and its analogs in modulating different molecular targets leading to the prevention and treatment of chronic diseases. METHOD A detailed literature search has been carried out on PubMed for gathering information related to the sources, biosynthesis, physicochemical properties, biological activities, pharmacokinetics, bioavailability and toxicity of diosgenin and its analogs. KEY FINDINGS The literature search resulted in many in vitro, in vivo and clinical trials that reported the efficacy of diosgenin and its analogs in modulating important molecular targets and signaling pathways such as PI3K/AKT/mTOR, JAK/STAT, NF-κB, MAPK, etc., which play a crucial role in the development of most of the diseases. Reports have also revealed the safety of the compound and the adaptation of nanotechnological approaches for enhancing its bioavailability and pharmacokinetic properties. SIGNIFICANCE Thus, the review summarizes the efficacy of diosgenin and its analogs for developing as a potent drug against several chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dey Parama
- Cancer Biology Laboratory and DBT-AIST International Center for Translational and Environmental Research (DAICENTER), Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
| | - Monikongkona Boruah
- Cell and Molecular Biology Lab, Department of Zoology, Cotton University, Guwahati, Assam 781001, India
| | - Kumari Yachna
- Cancer Biology Laboratory and DBT-AIST International Center for Translational and Environmental Research (DAICENTER), Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
| | - Varsha Rana
- Cancer Biology Laboratory and DBT-AIST International Center for Translational and Environmental Research (DAICENTER), Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
| | - Kishore Banik
- Cancer Biology Laboratory and DBT-AIST International Center for Translational and Environmental Research (DAICENTER), Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
| | - Choudhary Harsha
- Cancer Biology Laboratory and DBT-AIST International Center for Translational and Environmental Research (DAICENTER), Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
| | - Krishan Kumar Thakur
- Cancer Biology Laboratory and DBT-AIST International Center for Translational and Environmental Research (DAICENTER), Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
| | - Uma Dutta
- Cell and Molecular Biology Lab, Department of Zoology, Cotton University, Guwahati, Assam 781001, India
| | - Aditya Arya
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor's University, Subang Jaya, Malaysia
| | - Xinliang Mao
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 12 Jichang Road, Baiyun District, Guangzhou 510405, China; Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Kwang Seok Ahn
- Department of Science in Korean Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 24 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ajaikumar B Kunnumakkara
- Cancer Biology Laboratory and DBT-AIST International Center for Translational and Environmental Research (DAICENTER), Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam 781039, India.
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14
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He S, Yang J, Hong S, Huang H, Zhu Q, Ye L, Li T, Zhang X, Wei Y, Gao Y. Dioscin Promotes Prostate Cancer Cell Apoptosis and Inhibits Cell Invasion by Increasing SHP1 Phosphorylation and Suppressing the Subsequent MAPK Signaling Pathway. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:1099. [PMID: 32792945 PMCID: PMC7394018 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.01099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Dioscin possesses antioxidant effects and has anticancer ability in many solid tumors including prostate cancer (PCa). Nevertheless, its effect and mechanism of anti-PCa action remain unclear. The tyrosine protein phosphatase SHP1, which contains an oxidation-sensitive domain, has been confirmed as a target for multicancer treatment. Further studies are needed to determine whether dioscin inhibits PCa through SHP1. We performed in vitro studies using androgen-sensitive (LNCaP) and androgen-independent (LNCaP -C81) cells to investigate the anticancer effects and possible mechanisms of dioscin after administering interleukin-6 (IL-6) and dihydrotestosterone (DHT). Our results show that dioscin inhibited cell growth and invasion by increasing SHP1 phosphorylation [p-SHP1 (Y536)] and inhibiting the subsequent P38 mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway. Further in vivo studies confirmed that dioscin promoted caspase-3 and Bad-related cell apoptosis in these two cell lines. Our research suggests that the anticancer effects of dioscin on PCa may occur through SHP1. Dioscin may be useful to treat androgen-sensitive and independent PCa in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyun He
- Department of Urology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Department of Urology, The People's Hospital of Xiangtan Country, Xiangtan, China
| | - Jinrui Yang
- Department of Urology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Shaobo Hong
- Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University and Department of Urology, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Haijian Huang
- Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University and Department of Pathology, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Qingguo Zhu
- Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University and Department of Urology, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Liefu Ye
- Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University and Department of Urology, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Tao Li
- Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University and Department of Urology, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xing Zhang
- Department of Urology, The Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Yangzhou, Yangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yongbao Wei
- Department of Urology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University and Department of Urology, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yunliang Gao
- Department of Urology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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15
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Wang X, Lin Y, Zheng Y. Antitumor effects of aconitine in A2780 cells via estrogen receptor β‑mediated apoptosis, DNA damage and migration. Mol Med Rep 2020; 22:2318-2328. [PMID: 32705198 PMCID: PMC7411431 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2020.11322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer (OVCA) is the deadliest type of malignant gynecological disease, and previous studies have demonstrated that estrogen receptor β (ERβ) serves important roles in this disease. Aconitine, a toxin produced by the Aconitum plant, displays potent effects against cancers. The aim of the study was to investigate the pharmacological activities and mechanisms of aconitum on OVCA. In the present study, the activity of aconitine in the human OVCA A2780 cell line was investigated. The results revealed that aconitine suppressed cell viability, colony formation and motility. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl-transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling, mitochondria membrane potential and comet assays showed that aconitine induced mitochondria apoptosis and DNA damage in A2780 cells. Investigation of the mechanism revealed that a high expression of ERβ and prolyl hydroxylase 2 was detected after aconitine treatment, and aconitine significantly suppressed the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor and hypoxia-inducible factor 1α to activate ERβ signaling. Moreover, the expression levels of p53, Bax, apoptotic peptidase activating factor 1, cytochrome C, cleaved caspase-3/9 and cleaved poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase were upregulated, and the expression levels of Bcl-2, Bcl-xl and phosphorylated ATM serine/threonine kinase were downregulated by aconitine. Interestingly, aconitine also markedly downregulated the expression of matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP2) and MMP9, which are associated with tumor invasion. In addition, a molecular docking assay revealed that aconitine exerted strong affinity towards ERβ mainly through hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic effects. Collectively, these results suggested that aconitine suppressed OVCA cell growth by adjusting ERβ-mediated apoptosis, DNA damage and migration, which should be considered a potential option for the future treatment of OVCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuying Wang
- Pharmaceutical Preparation Section, People's Hospital of Weifang High‑tech Zone, Weifang, Shangdong 261205, P.R. China
| | - Yuanyuan Lin
- Department of Nursing, Weifang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Weifang, Shandong 261031, P.R. China
| | - Yi Zheng
- Department of Medical Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 261041, P.R. China
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16
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Cui L, Yang G, Ye J, Yao Y, Lu G, Chen J, Fang L, Lu S, Zhou J. Dioscin elicits anti-tumour immunity by inhibiting macrophage M2 polarization via JNK and STAT3 pathways in lung cancer. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:9217-9230. [PMID: 32618105 PMCID: PMC7417694 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.15563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2019] [Revised: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumour‐associated macrophage (TAM) is an important component in tumour microenvironment. Generally, TAM exhibits the function of M2‐like macrophage, which was closely related to angiogenesis and tumour progression. Dioscin, a natural steroidal saponin, has shown its powerful anti‐tumour activity recently. However, the mechanism of dioscin involved in immune regulation is still obscure. Here, we observed dioscin induced macrophage M2‐to‐M1 phenotype transition in vitro and inhibited IL‐10 secretion. Meanwhile, the phagocytosis of macrophages was enhanced. In subcutaneous lung tumour models, dioscin inhibited the augmentation of M2 macrophage populations. Furthermore, dioscin down‐regulated STAT3 and JNK signalling pathways in macrophages in vitro. In BMDMs, activating JNK and inhibiting STAT3 induce macrophages to M1 polarization while inhibiting JNK and activating STAT3 to M2 polarization. Additionally, condition mediums from dioscin‐pre‐treated macrophages inhibited the migration of 3LL cells and the tube‐formation capacity of HUVECs. What's more, dioscin‐mediated macrophage polarization inhibited the in vivo metastasis of 3LL cells. In conclusion, dioscin may act as a new anti‐tumour agent by inhibiting TAMs via JNK and STAT3 pathways in lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luyun Cui
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Guangdie Yang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiani Ye
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yinan Yao
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Guohua Lu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Junjun Chen
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Liangjie Fang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shan Lu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianying Zhou
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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17
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Padhan B, Panda D. Potential of Neglected and Underutilized Yams ( Dioscorea spp.) for Improving Nutritional Security and Health Benefits. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:496. [PMID: 32390842 PMCID: PMC7193077 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Food and nutritional security are the major concerns in many countries of the world and may have potential to contribute to sustainable food systems under climate change. To address the food and nutritional insecurity, it has become extremely important to diversify the present-day agricultural system as well as to search for alternative food and feed ingredients. Some wild root and tuber crops occupy a remarkable position toward food security of the developing world due to their high calorific value and superior carbohydrate content. Yam (Dioscorea spp.) provides food and medicines to millions of people in the world especially in the tropics and sub tropics. It is recognized as the fourth most important tuber crop after potatoes, cassava, and sweet potatoes. It contributes about 10% of the total root and tubers production around the world. Yams also considered as famine food and plays a prime role in the food habit of small and marginal rural families and forest-dwelling communities during the food scarcity periods. These species are unique for their food, medicinal and economic values but their wider utilization is limited due to the presence of anti-nutritional compositions. This paper describes the ethnobotany of yam species in relation to their nutritional, anti-nutritional and pharmacological properties and highlights the potentiality for food and nutritional security for combating the “hidden hunger” caused by micronutrient deficiencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bandana Padhan
- Department of Biodiversity and Conservation of Natural Resources, Central University of Orissa, Koraput, India
| | - Debabrata Panda
- Department of Biodiversity and Conservation of Natural Resources, Central University of Orissa, Koraput, India
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18
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Liu YX, Xu BW, Chen YJ, Fu XQ, Zhu PL, Bai JX, Chou JY, Yin CL, Li JK, Wang YP, Wu JY, Wu Y, Chan KK, Liang C, Yu ZL. Inhibiting the Src/STAT3 signaling pathway contributes to the anti-melanoma mechanisms of dioscin. Oncol Lett 2020; 19:2508-2514. [PMID: 32194752 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2020.11315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Late stage melanoma is associated with a high mortality rate. Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) is currently a target for melanoma treatment as it is constitutively activated with high frequency in melanoma. Dioscin is a natural steroid saponin that is present in several medical herbs. A previous study demonstrated that dioscin inhibits STAT3 signaling in a cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury rat model. Furthermore, dioscin has been reported to exert anti-melanoma effects in B16 melanoma cells and a B16 allograft mouse model. The present study investigated whether inhibition of STAT3 signaling is involved in the anti-melanoma effects of dioscin. The results of the present study demonstrated that dioscin significantly decreased viability, induced apoptosis and suppressed migration of human A375 melanoma cells and murine B16F10 melanoma cells. Furthermore, dioscin inhibited the phosphorylation of STAT3 and Src (an upstream kinase of STAT3), and downregulated mRNA levels of STAT3-targeted genes, including B-cell lymphoma-2, cyclin D1 and matrix metalloproteinase-2. In addition, overexpression of STAT3 decreased the anti-proliferative effects of dioscin. Overall, the results of the present study indicate that inhibiting the Src/STAT3 signaling pathway contributes to the anti-melanoma molecular mechanisms of dioscin. These results provide further pharmacological groundwork for developing dioscin as a novel anti-melanoma agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Xi Liu
- School of Chinese Medicine, Centre for Cancer and Inflammation Research, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong, SAR, P.R. China.,Consun Chinese Medicines Research Centre for Renal Diseases, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong, SAR.,HKBU Shenzhen Research Institute and Continuing Education, Research and Development Centre for Natural Health Products, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518000, P.R. China
| | - Bo-Wen Xu
- School of Chinese Medicine, Centre for Cancer and Inflammation Research, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong, SAR, P.R. China
| | - Ying-Jie Chen
- School of Chinese Medicine, Centre for Cancer and Inflammation Research, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong, SAR, P.R. China.,Consun Chinese Medicines Research Centre for Renal Diseases, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong, SAR.,HKBU Shenzhen Research Institute and Continuing Education, Research and Development Centre for Natural Health Products, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518000, P.R. China
| | - Xiu-Qiong Fu
- School of Chinese Medicine, Centre for Cancer and Inflammation Research, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong, SAR, P.R. China.,Consun Chinese Medicines Research Centre for Renal Diseases, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong, SAR.,HKBU Shenzhen Research Institute and Continuing Education, Research and Development Centre for Natural Health Products, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518000, P.R. China
| | - Pei-Li Zhu
- School of Chinese Medicine, Centre for Cancer and Inflammation Research, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong, SAR, P.R. China.,Consun Chinese Medicines Research Centre for Renal Diseases, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong, SAR.,HKBU Shenzhen Research Institute and Continuing Education, Research and Development Centre for Natural Health Products, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518000, P.R. China
| | - Jing-Xuan Bai
- School of Chinese Medicine, Centre for Cancer and Inflammation Research, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong, SAR, P.R. China.,Consun Chinese Medicines Research Centre for Renal Diseases, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong, SAR.,HKBU Shenzhen Research Institute and Continuing Education, Research and Development Centre for Natural Health Products, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518000, P.R. China
| | - Ji-Yao Chou
- School of Chinese Medicine, Centre for Cancer and Inflammation Research, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong, SAR, P.R. China.,Consun Chinese Medicines Research Centre for Renal Diseases, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong, SAR.,HKBU Shenzhen Research Institute and Continuing Education, Research and Development Centre for Natural Health Products, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518000, P.R. China
| | - Cheng-Le Yin
- School of Chinese Medicine, Centre for Cancer and Inflammation Research, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong, SAR, P.R. China.,Consun Chinese Medicines Research Centre for Renal Diseases, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong, SAR.,HKBU Shenzhen Research Institute and Continuing Education, Research and Development Centre for Natural Health Products, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518000, P.R. China
| | - Jun-Kui Li
- School of Chinese Medicine, Centre for Cancer and Inflammation Research, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong, SAR, P.R. China.,Consun Chinese Medicines Research Centre for Renal Diseases, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong, SAR.,HKBU Shenzhen Research Institute and Continuing Education, Research and Development Centre for Natural Health Products, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518000, P.R. China
| | - Ya-Ping Wang
- School of Chinese Medicine, Centre for Cancer and Inflammation Research, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong, SAR, P.R. China.,Consun Chinese Medicines Research Centre for Renal Diseases, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong, SAR.,HKBU Shenzhen Research Institute and Continuing Education, Research and Development Centre for Natural Health Products, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518000, P.R. China
| | - Jia-Ying Wu
- School of Chinese Medicine, Centre for Cancer and Inflammation Research, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong, SAR, P.R. China.,Consun Chinese Medicines Research Centre for Renal Diseases, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong, SAR.,HKBU Shenzhen Research Institute and Continuing Education, Research and Development Centre for Natural Health Products, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518000, P.R. China
| | - Ying Wu
- School of Chinese Medicine, Centre for Cancer and Inflammation Research, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong, SAR, P.R. China.,Consun Chinese Medicines Research Centre for Renal Diseases, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong, SAR.,HKBU Shenzhen Research Institute and Continuing Education, Research and Development Centre for Natural Health Products, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518000, P.R. China
| | - Kam-Kwan Chan
- School of Chinese Medicine, Centre for Cancer and Inflammation Research, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong, SAR, P.R. China.,Consun Chinese Medicines Research Centre for Renal Diseases, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong, SAR.,HKBU Shenzhen Research Institute and Continuing Education, Research and Development Centre for Natural Health Products, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518000, P.R. China
| | - Chun Liang
- Enzynomics Limited, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510000, P.R. China
| | - Zhi-Ling Yu
- School of Chinese Medicine, Centre for Cancer and Inflammation Research, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong, SAR, P.R. China.,Consun Chinese Medicines Research Centre for Renal Diseases, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong, SAR.,HKBU Shenzhen Research Institute and Continuing Education, Research and Development Centre for Natural Health Products, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518000, P.R. China
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19
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Development of an Oriental Medicine Discrimination Method through Analysis of Steroidal Saponins in Dioscorea nipponica Makino and Their Anti-Osteosarcoma Effects. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24224022. [PMID: 31698850 PMCID: PMC6891741 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24224022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Revised: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
To prevent confusing Dioscorea nipponica (DN), an Oriental medicine, with Dioscorea quinquelobata (DQ) and Dioscorea septemloba (DS), a simple and accurate quantitative analysis method using HPLC combined with ultraviolet (UV) detection was developed and verified with UPLC-QTOF/MS through identification of five saponin glycosides: protodioscin (1), protogracillin (2), pseudoprotodioscin (3), dioscin (4), and gracillin (5). The newly developed analysis method showed sufficient reproducibility (<1.91%) and accuracy (92.1%–102.6%) and was able to identify DN based on the presence of compound 3 (13.821 ± 0.037 mg/mL) and the absence of 5. Compound 1, which is present in DN at a relatively high level (159.983 ± 0.064 mg/mL), was also an important marker for identification. Among the three species, DN showed the strongest activation of apoptotic signaling in osteosarcoma cells, while the four compounds detected in DN showed IC50 values of 6.43 (1), 10.61 (2), 10.48 (3), and 6.90 (4). In conclusion, the strong inhibitory effect of DN against osteosarcoma was confirmed to be associated with 1 and 4, which is also related to the quantitative results. Therefore, the results of this study might provide important information for quality control related to Oriental medicine.
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20
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Wu S, Zhao F, Zhao J, Li H, Chen J, Xia Y, Wang J, Zhao B, Zhao S, Li N. Dioscin improves postmenopausal osteoporosis through inducing bone formation and inhibiting apoptosis in ovariectomized rats. Biosci Trends 2019; 13:394-401. [PMID: 31611520 DOI: 10.5582/bst.2019.01186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shan Wu
- The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin province, China
| | - Fan Zhao
- China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin province, China
| | - Jing Zhao
- The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin province, China
| | - Hui Li
- Qian Wei Hospital of Jilin Province, Changchun, Jilin province, China
| | - Junyu Chen
- The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin province, China
| | - Yang Xia
- The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin province, China
| | - Junwei Wang
- The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin province, China
| | - Benzheng Zhao
- The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin province, China
| | - Shuhua Zhao
- The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin province, China
| | - Na Li
- Jilin Ginseng Academic, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin province, China
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21
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pH responsive delivery of lumefantrine with calcium phosphate nanoparticles loaded lipidic cubosomes for the site specific treatment of lung cancer. Chem Phys Lipids 2019; 224:104763. [PMID: 30951710 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2019.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Revised: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The present work aim to develop pH responsive nanosystem comprising lumefantrine with calcium phosphate nanoparticles loaded lipidic cubosomes for the effective treatment of lung cancer. FTIR results showed that, compatibility nature of selected excipients for the synthesis of LF-CaP-Cs. The XRD results showed developed LF-CaP-Cs were non crystalline in nature. The selected developed LF-CaP-Cs were in cubic phase with average particle size of 259.4 ± 19 nm with a charge of -2.28 ± 0.7 mV. The encapsulation efficiency for LF within LF-CaP-Cs was about 78.76 ± 0.5%. RP-HPLC analysis showed that LF release rate gets significantly enhanced with higher peak area at pH 4.0 compared to pH 5.0/pH 7.4. The in-vitro release of LF-CaP-Cs showed that LF release gets significantly increased at pH 4.0 (84.04 ± 0.4%) compared to pH 7.4 (48.32 ± 1.6%) at 12 h. Further, CAM assay showed the superior anti-angiogenesis potential of developed LF-CaP-Cs compared to LF-Cs/blank Cs. The cytotoxicity effect of LF-CaP-Cs (28 ± 1.8 μg/mL) was significantly higher than that of free LF (40 ± 0.9 μg/mL). The results of cellular uptake study proved the localization of LF at cellular level and AO/EB staining results revealed that the A549 cell undergoes apoptosis in A549 cells.
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22
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Mao Z, Han X, Chen D, Xu Y, Xu L, Yin L, Sun H, Qi Y, Fang L, Liu K, Peng J. Potent effects of dioscin against hepatocellular carcinoma through regulating TP53-induced glycolysis and apoptosis regulator (TIGAR)-mediated apoptosis, autophagy, and DNA damage. Br J Pharmacol 2019; 176:919-937. [PMID: 30710454 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Revised: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Dioscin shows potent effects against cancers. We aimed to elucidate its pharmacological effects and mechanisms of action on hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in vivo and in vitro. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Effects of dioscin were investigated in SMMC7721 and HepG2 cells, diethylnitrosamine-induced primary liver cancer in rats, and cell xenografts in nude mice. Isobaric tags for relative and absolution quantitation (iTRAQ)-based proteomics was used to find dioscin's targets and investigate its mechanism. KEY RESULTS In SMMC7721 and HepG2 cells dioscin markedly inhibited cell proliferation and migration, induced apoptosis, autophagy, and DNA damage. It inhibited DEN-induced primary liver cancer in rats, markedly changed body weights and restored levels of α fetoprotein, alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase, γ-glutamyltransferase, alkaline phosphatase, and Ki67. It also inhibited growth of xenografts in mice. In SMMC7721 cells, 191 differentially expressed proteins were found after dioscin, based on iTRAQ-based assay. TP53-inducible glycolysis and apoptosis regulator (TIGAR) was identified as being significantly down-regulated by dioscin. Dioscin induced cell apoptosis, autophagy, and DNA damage via increasing expression levels of p53, cleaved PARP, Bax, cleaved caspase-3/9, Beclin-1, and LC3 and suppressing those of Bcl-2, p-Akt, p-mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), CDK5, p-ataxia telangiectasia-mutated gene (ATM). The transfection of TIGAR siRNA into SMMC7721 cells and xenografts in nude mice further confirmed that the potent activity of dioscin against HCC is evoked by adjusting TIGAR-mediated inhibition of p53, Akt/mTOR, and CDK5/ATM pathways. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS The data suggest that dioscin has potential as a therapeutic, and TIGAR as a drug target for treating HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhang Mao
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Xu Han
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Dahong Chen
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Youwei Xu
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Lina Xu
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Lianhong Yin
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Huijun Sun
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Yan Qi
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Lingling Fang
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Kexin Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Jinyong Peng
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.,Key Laboratory for Basic and Applied Research on Pharmacodynamic Substances of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Liaoning Province, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.,National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Drug Development (R&D) of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
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Li X, Qu Z, Jing S, Li X, Zhao C, Man S, Wang Y, Gao W. Dioscin-6'-O-acetate inhibits lung cancer cell proliferation via inducing cell cycle arrest and caspase-dependent apoptosis. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 53:124-133. [PMID: 30668391 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2018.09.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Revised: 07/21/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lung cancer is the leading cause of global cancer-related mortality. Dioscin-6'-O-acetate (DA), a novel natural steroidal saponin, was firstly isolated from the rhizomes of Dioscorea althaeoides R. Knuth. Until now, there were no studies on its pharmacological activities. PURPOSE Here, we investigated the growth inhibitory effect and explored the underlying molecular mechanisms of DA against lung cancer cells. METHODS/STUDY DESIGNS NSCLC H460, H1299, H520 cells and SCLC H446 cells were treated with DA. To display the cytotoxic effects and possible mechanism of DA on these cells, MTT assay, flow cytometry and western blot analysis were carried out. RESULTS Our results showed that DA exerted strong anti-proliferative activity against lung cancer cells in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. Flow cytometry demonstrated DA induced the cell cycle arrest at S-phase (NCI-H460, NCI-H1299, NCI-H520) or G1-phase (NCI-H446), caused cellular apoptosis, generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and loss of mitochondrial membrane potential. Western blotting analysis showed DA treatment increased the levels of caspase 3, 8, 9, Bax, p21, p53, phosphorylated JNK and p38 MAPK and markedly decreased the expression of Bcl-2, p-ERK, p-PI3K, p-AKT and NF-κB. Blockade of caspases with Z-VAD-FMK converted apoptosis-related proteins. Suppression of p53 with pifithrin-α (PFT) attenuated cell cycle-related protein. Inhibition of ROS with N-acetyl-cysteine (NAC) adjusted apoptosis-related proteins and phosphorylated MAPK and PI3K, as well as NF-κB. CONCLUSION Overall, our study indicated that DA suppressed lung cancer cells proliferation via inducing cell-cycle arrest and enhancing caspase-dependent apoptosis, at least partly, through ROS-mediated PI3K/AKT, MAPK and NF-κB signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuejiao Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Zhuo Qu
- School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, 1160 Shengli Street, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Songsong Jing
- College of Pharmacy, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050200, China
| | - Xia Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Chengcheng Zhao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Shuli Man
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industry Microbiology, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, China.
| | - Ying Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Analysis of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China
| | - Wenyuan Gao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; College of Pharmacy, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050200, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industry Microbiology, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, China.
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24
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Dioscin-6’-O-acetate impairs migration of lung cancer cells through attenuations of MMP-2 and MMP-9 via NF-κB suppression. Med Chem Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-018-2257-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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25
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Tao X, Yin L, Xu L, Peng J. Dioscin: A diverse acting natural compound with therapeutic potential in metabolic diseases, cancer, inflammation and infections. Pharmacol Res 2018; 137:259-269. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2018.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Revised: 09/19/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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26
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Diosgenin induces genotoxic and mutagenic effects on HepG2 cells. Food Chem Toxicol 2018; 120:98-103. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2018.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Revised: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 07/04/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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27
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Molecular mechanism and inhibitory targets of dioscin in HepG2 cells. Food Chem Toxicol 2018; 120:143-154. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2018.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Revised: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 07/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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28
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Jesudoss S, Judith Vijaya J, Kaviyarasu K, Iyyappa Rajan P, Narayanan S, John Kennedy L. In-vitro anti-cancer activity of organic template-free hierarchical M (Cu, Ni)-modified ZSM-5 zeolites synthesized using silica source waste material. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2018; 186:178-188. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2018.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Revised: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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29
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Dioscin inhibits colon cancer cells' growth by reactive oxygen species-mediated mitochondrial dysfunction and p38 and JNK pathways. Anticancer Drugs 2018; 29:234-242. [PMID: 29389802 DOI: 10.1097/cad.0000000000000590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Dioscin is a natural steroid saponin derived from several plants that shows potent anticancer effects against a variety of cancer cells. Here, we investigated the antitumor effect of dioscin against human colon cancer cells and evaluated the molecular mechanism involved in this process. The cell cytotoxicity was studied by the MTT assay and BrdU incorporation. The proapoptotic mechanism of dioscin was characterized by flow cytometry analysis. A western blot and an immunofluorescence staining were used to investigate how dioscin induces apoptosis in vitro. In our study, dioscin could significantly inhibit the growth of colon cancer cells in a time-dependent and dose-dependent manner. Dioscin induces apoptosis and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, promoting the disruption of mitochondrial membrane potential, Bax translocation to the mitochondria, cytochrome C release to cytosol, activations of caspase-9/3, PARP cleavage, and subsequent apoptosis. Dioscin-induced apoptosis was accompanied by sustained phosphorylation of JNK, p38-MAPK. N-acetyl-L-cysteine, a scavenger of ROS, significantly reversed dioscin-induced cell death and activation of JNK and p38. Collectively, the data indicate that the induction of apoptosis by dioscin is mediated through ROS proteins, which are critical upstream signals for JNK/p38-MAPK activation.
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30
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Comparative Transcriptome Analysis Identifies Putative Genes Involved in Dioscin Biosynthesis in Dioscorea zingiberensis. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23020454. [PMID: 29463020 PMCID: PMC6017347 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23020454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Revised: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 02/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Dioscorea zingiberensis is a perennial herb native to China. The rhizome of D. zingiberensis has long been used as a traditional Chinese medicine to treat rheumatic arthritis. Dioscin is the major bioactive ingredient conferring the medicinal property described in Chinese pharmacopoeia. Several previous studies have suggested cholesterol as the intermediate to the biosynthesis of dioscin, however, the biosynthetic steps to dioscin after cholesterol remain unknown. In this study, a comprehensive D. zingiberensis transcriptome derived from its leaf and rhizome was constructed. Based on the annotation using various public databases, all possible enzymes in the biosynthetic steps to cholesterol were identified. In the late steps beyond cholesterol, cholesterol undergoes site-specific oxidation by cytochrome P450s (CYPs) and glycosylation by UDP-glycosyltransferases (UGTs) to yield dioscin. From the D. zingiberensis transcriptome, a total of 485 unigenes were annotated as CYPs and 195 unigenes with a sequence length above 1000 bp were annotated as UGTs. Transcriptomic comparison revealed 165 CYP annotated unigenes correlating to dioscin biosynthesis in the plant. Further phylogenetic analysis suggested that among those CYP candidates four of them would be the most likely candidates involved in the biosynthetic steps from cholesterol to dioscin. Additionally, from the UGT annotated unigenes, six of them were annotated as 3-O-UGTs and two of them were annotated as rhamnosyltransferases, which consisted of potential UGT candidates involved in dioscin biosynthesis. To further explore the function of the UGT candidates, two 3-O-UGT candidates, named Dz3GT1 and Dz3GT2, were cloned and functionally characterized. Both Dz3GT1 and Dz3GT2 were able to catalyze a C3-glucosylation activity on diosgenin. In conclusion, this study will facilitate our understanding of dioscin biosynthesis pathway and provides a basis for further mining the genes involved in dioscin biosynthesis.
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31
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Wang YC, Wu DW, Wu TC, Wang L, Chen CY, Lee H. Dioscin overcome TKI resistance in EGFR-mutated lung adenocarcinoma cells via down-regulation of tyrosine phosphatase SHP2 expression. Int J Biol Sci 2018; 14:47-56. [PMID: 29483824 PMCID: PMC5821048 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.22209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Accepted: 12/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Resistance to tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) results in tumor relapse and poor prognosis in patients with lung adenocarcinoma. TKI resistance caused by epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations at T790M and c-Met amplification occurs through persistent activation of the MEK/ERK and PI3K/AKT signaling pathways. We therefore expected that dual inhibitors of both signaling pathways could overcome TKI resistance in lung adenocarcinoma. Here, dioscin was selected from a product library of Chinese naturally occurring compounds and overcame TKI resistance in EGFR-mutated lung adenocarcinoma cells. Mechanistically, dioscin may down-regulate the expression of SH2 domain-containing phosphatase-2 (SHP2) at the transcription level by increasing p53 binding to the SHP2 promoter due to reactive oxygen species (ROS). Simultaneous inhibition of MEK/ERK and PI3K/AKT activation via decreased SHP2 expression and its interaction with GAB1 may be responsible for dioscin-mediated TKI sensitivity. A higher unfavorable response to TKI therapy occurred more commonly in patients with high SHP2 mRNA expression than in patients with low SHP2 mRNA expression. Therefore, we suggest that dioscin may act as a dual inhibitor of the MEK/ERK and PI3K/AKT signaling pathways to overcome TKI resistance via dysregulation of SHP2 expression in lung adenocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao-Chen Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University and Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University and Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - De-Wei Wu
- Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Chin Wu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University and Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University and Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Lee Wang
- Department of Public Health, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Yi Chen
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University and Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Surgery, Chung Shan Medical University and Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Huei Lee
- Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
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32
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Jesudoss SK, Vijaya JJ, Kaviyarasu K, Kennedy LJ, Jothi Ramalingam R, Al-Lohedan HA. Anti-cancer activity of hierarchical ZSM-5 zeolites synthesized from rice-based waste materials. RSC Adv 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra11763a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We report the organic template-free synthesis of hierarchical ZSM-5 zeolite using waste materials, by a simple hydrothermal method and their excellent anti-cancer activity against A549 human lung epithelial cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. K. Jesudoss
- Catalysis & Nanomaterials Research Laboratory
- Department of Chemistry
- Loyola College (Autonomous)
- Chennai 600 034
- India
| | - J. Judith Vijaya
- Catalysis & Nanomaterials Research Laboratory
- Department of Chemistry
- Loyola College (Autonomous)
- Chennai 600 034
- India
| | - K. Kaviyarasu
- UNESCO-UNISA Africa Chair in Nanosciences/Nanotechnology Laboratories
- College of Graduate Studies
- University of South Africa (UNISA)
- Pretoria
- South Africa
| | - L. John Kennedy
- Materials Division
- School of Advanced Sciences
- Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT) University
- Chennai 600 127
- India
| | - R. Jothi Ramalingam
- Surfactant Research Chair
- Chemistry Department
- College of Science
- King Saud University
- Riyadh 11451
| | - Hamad A. Al-Lohedan
- Surfactant Research Chair
- Chemistry Department
- College of Science
- King Saud University
- Riyadh 11451
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33
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Zhu C, Bao N, Chen S, Zhao J. Dioscin enhances osteoblastic cell differentiation and proliferation by inhibiting cell autophagy via the ASPP2/NF-κβ pathway. Mol Med Rep 2017; 16:4922-4926. [PMID: 28849197 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.7206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2016] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Dioscin, a typical steroid saponin, has been reported to promote osteoblastic cell differentiation. However, the underling mechanisms remain to be elucidated. In the present study, it was identified that dioscin (0.5, 1, 5, 10 and 25 µg/ml) promoted MC3T3‑E1 cell proliferation and differentiation in a dose‑dependent manner. Western blot analysis showed that dioscin regulated autophagy‑associated protein expression in MC3T3‑E1 cells; it promoted the expression of apoptosis stimulated protein of p53‑2 (ASPP2), and inhibited the expression of nuclear factor (NF)‑κβ and microtubule‑associated protein 1 light chain 3β, in a concentration‑dependent manner. Caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) was used to inhibit the activation of NF‑κB and examine the effect of the ASPP2/NF‑κβ pathway on osteoblastic cell differentiation, proliferation and autophagy. It was identified that CAPE reversed the regulation of dioscin on osteoblastic cell differentiation, proliferation and autophagy. In conclusion, the present study revealed that dioscin promoted osteoblast proliferation and differentiation by inhibiting cell autophagy via the ASPP2/NF‑κβ pathway. These results are the first, to the best of our knowledge, to reveal the involvement of autophagy in the effects of dioscin on the prevention and therapy of osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Zhu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210002, P.R. China
| | - Nirong Bao
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210002, P.R. China
| | - Shuo Chen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210002, P.R. China
| | - Jianning Zhao
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210002, P.R. China
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Tao X, Xu L, Yin L, Han X, Qi Y, Xu Y, Song S, Zhao Y, Peng J. Dioscin induces prostate cancer cell apoptosis through activation of estrogen receptor-β. Cell Death Dis 2017; 8:e2989. [PMID: 28796245 PMCID: PMC5596577 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2017.391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Revised: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Recent researches have shown that estrogen receptor-β (ERβ) activator may be a potent anticancer agent for prostate cancer (PCa), and our previous study also indicated that dioscin can upregulate the expression of ERβ in MC3T3-E1 cell. In the present work, the activity and mechanism of dioscin, a natural product, against PCa were investigated. The results showed that dioscin markedly inhibited cell viability, colony formation, motility and induced apoptosis in PC3 cells. Moreover, dioscin disrupted the formation of PC3 cell-derived mammospheres and reduced aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) level and the CD133+/CD44+ cells, indicating that dioscin had a potent inhibitory activity on prostate cancer stem cells (PCSCs). In vivo results also showed that dioscin significantly suppressed the tumor growth of PC3 cell xenografts in nude mice. Furthermore, mechanism investigation showed that dioscin markedly upregulated ERβ expression level, subsequently increased prolyl hydroxylase 2 level, decreased the levels of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α, vascular endothelial growth factor A and BMI-1, and thus induced cell apoptosis by regulating the expression levels of caspase-3 and Bcl-2 family proteins. In addition, transfection experiment of ERβ-siRNA further indicated that diosicn showed excellent activity against PCa in vitro and in vivo by increasing ERβ expression level. The co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP) results further suggested that dioscin promoted the interaction of c-ABL and ERβ, but did not change c-ABL expression. Moreover, the molecular docking assay showed that dioscin processed powerful affinity toward to ERβ mainly through the strong hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic effects, and the actions of dioscin on ERβ activation and tumor cells inhibition were significantly weakened in the mutational (Phe-336, Phe-468) PC3 cells. Collectively, these findings proved that dioscin exerted efficient anti-PCa activity via activation of ERβ, which should be developed as an efficient candidate in clinical for treating this cancer in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xufeng Tao
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Western 9 Lvshunnan Road, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Lina Xu
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Western 9 Lvshunnan Road, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Lianhong Yin
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Western 9 Lvshunnan Road, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Xu Han
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Western 9 Lvshunnan Road, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Yan Qi
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Western 9 Lvshunnan Road, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Youwei Xu
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Western 9 Lvshunnan Road, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Shasha Song
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Western 9 Lvshunnan Road, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Yanyan Zhao
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Western 9 Lvshunnan Road, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Jinyong Peng
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Western 9 Lvshunnan Road, Dalian 116044, China
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Li D, Yang XL, Xiao BL, Geng FY, Hong J, Sheibani N, Moosavi-Movahedi AA. Detection of Guanine and Adenine Using an Aminated Reduced Graphene Oxide Functional Membrane-Modified Glassy Carbon Electrode. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2017; 17:E1652. [PMID: 28718793 PMCID: PMC5539557 DOI: 10.3390/s17071652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2017] [Revised: 07/05/2017] [Accepted: 07/13/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
A new electrochemical sensor based on a Nafion, aminated reduced graphene oxide and chitosan functional membrane-modified glassy carbon electrode was proposed for the simultaneous detection of adenine and guanine. Fourier transform-infrared spectrometry (FTIR), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and electrochemical methods were utilized for the additional characterization of the membrane materials. The prepared electrode was utilized for the detection of guanine (G) and adenine (A). The anodic peak currents to G and A were linear in the concentrations ranging from 0.1 to 120 μM and 0.2 to 110 μM, respectively. The detection limits were found to be 0.1 μM and 0.2 μM, respectively. Moreover, the modified electrode could also be used to determine G and A in calf thymus DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Li
- School of Life Sciences, Henan University, JinMing Road, Kaifeng 475000, China.
| | - Xiao-Lu Yang
- School of Life Sciences, Henan University, JinMing Road, Kaifeng 475000, China.
| | - Bao-Lin Xiao
- School of Life Sciences, Henan University, JinMing Road, Kaifeng 475000, China.
| | - Fang-Yong Geng
- School of Life Sciences, Henan University, JinMing Road, Kaifeng 475000, China.
| | - Jun Hong
- School of Life Sciences, Henan University, JinMing Road, Kaifeng 475000, China.
- Institute of Biotechnology, Henan University, Kaifeng 475000, China.
| | - Nader Sheibani
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53726, USA.
| | - Ali Akbar Moosavi-Movahedi
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Enquelab Avenue, Tehran 13145-1384, Iran.
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Lim WC, Kim H, Kim YJ, Choi KC, Lee IH, Lee KH, Kim MK, Ko H. Dioscin suppresses TGF-β1-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition and suppresses A549 lung cancer migration and invasion. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2017; 27:3342-3348. [PMID: 28610976 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2017.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Revised: 05/31/2017] [Accepted: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), an important cellular process, occurs during cancer development and progression, has a crucial role in metastasis by enhancing the motility of tumor cells. Dioscin is a polyphenolic component isolated from Phyllanthus amarus, which exhibits a wide range of pharmacological and physiological activities, such as anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory, anti-obesity, anti-fungal, and anti-viral activities. However, the possible role of dioscin in the EMT is unclear. We investigated the suppressive effect of dioscin on the EMT. Transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-β1) is known to induce EMT in a number of cancer cell types and promote lung adenocarcinoma migration and invasion. To verify the inhibitory role of dioscin in lung cancer migration and invasion, we investigated the use of dioscin as inhibitors of TGF-β1-induced EMT in A549 lung cancer cells in vitro. Here, we found that dioscin prominently increased expression of the epithelial marker E-cadherin and expression of the mesenchymal marker N-cadherin and Snail during the TGF-β1-induced EMT. In addition, dioscin inhibited the TGF-β1-induced increase in cell migration and invasion of A549 lung cancer cells. Also, dioscin remarkably inhibited TGF-β1-regulated activation of MMP-2/9, Smad2, and p38. Taken together, our findings provide new evidence that dioscin suppresses lung cancer migration, and invasion in vitro by inhibiting the TGF-β1-induced EMT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Won-Chul Lim
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cheil General Hospital & Women's Healthcare Center, College of Medicine, Dankook University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyunhee Kim
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cheil General Hospital & Women's Healthcare Center, College of Medicine, Dankook University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Young-Joo Kim
- Natural Products Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Gangneung, Gangwon-do, South Korea
| | - Kyung-Chul Choi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Pharmacology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - In Ho Lee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Cheil General Hospital & Women's Healthcare Center, College of Medicine, Dankook University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ki Heon Lee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Cheil General Hospital & Women's Healthcare Center, College of Medicine, Dankook University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Mi Kyung Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Cheil General Hospital & Women's Healthcare Center, College of Medicine, Dankook University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyeonseok Ko
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cheil General Hospital & Women's Healthcare Center, College of Medicine, Dankook University, Seoul, South Korea.
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Tian F, Jiang X, Dou X, Wu Q, Wang J, Song Y. Design and synthesis of novel adenine fluorescence probe based on Eu(III) complexes with dtpa-bis(guanine) ligand. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2017; 179:194-200. [PMID: 28242449 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2017.02.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Revised: 02/17/2017] [Accepted: 02/21/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
A novel adenine (Ad) fluorescence probe (EuIII-dtpa-bis(guanine)) was designed and synthesized by improving experimental method based on the Eu(III) complex and dtpa-bis(guanine) ligand. The dtpa-bis(guanine) ligand was first synthesized by the acylation action between dtpaa and guanine (Gu), and the corresponding Eu(III) complex was successfully prepared through heat-refluxing method with dtpa-bis(guanine) ligand. As a novel fluorescence probe, the EuIII-dtpa-bis(guanine) complex can detect adenine (Ad) with characteristics of strong targeting, high specificity and high recognition ability. The detection mechanism of the adenine (Ad) using this probe in buffer solution was studied by ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) and fluorescence spectroscopy. When the EuIII-dtpa-bis(guanine) was introduced to the adenine (Ad) solution, the fluorescence emission intensity was significantly enhanced. However, adding other bases such as guanine (Gu), xanthine (Xa), hypoxanthine (Hy) and uric acid (Ur) with similar composition and structure to that of adenine (Ad) to the EuIII-dtpa-bis(guanine) solution, the fluorescence emission intensities are nearly invariable. Meanwhile, the interference of guanine (Gu), xanthine (Xa), hypoxanthine (Hy) and uric acid (Ur) on the detection of the adenine using EuIII-dtpa-bis(guanine) probe was also studied. It was found that presence of these bases does not affect the detection of adenine (Ad). A linear response of fluorescence emission intensities of EuIII-dtpa-bis(guanine) at 570nm as a function of adenine (Ad) concentration in the range of 0.00-5.00×10-5molL-1 was observed. The detection limit is about 4.70×10-7molL-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengyun Tian
- College of Chemistry, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, PR China
| | - Xiaoqing Jiang
- College of Chemistry, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, PR China
| | - Xuekai Dou
- College of Environment, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, PR China
| | - Qiong Wu
- College of Chemistry, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, PR China
| | - Jun Wang
- College of Chemistry, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, PR China.
| | - Youtao Song
- College of Environment, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, PR China.
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Wang H, Xu YS, Wang ML, Cheng C, Bian R, Yuan H, Wang Y, Guo T, Zhu LL, Zhou H. Protective effect of naringin against the LPS-induced apoptosis of PC12 cells: Implications for the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders. Int J Mol Med 2017; 39:819-830. [PMID: 28260042 PMCID: PMC5360435 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2017.2904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2016] [Accepted: 02/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Several studies have demonstrated that increased apoptosis plays an essential role in neurodegenerative disorders. It has been demonstrated that lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induces apoptosis largely through the production of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and inflammatory mediators. In this study, we investigated the potential protective mechanisms of naringin (Nar), a pummelo peel extract, on LPS-induced PC12 cell apoptosis. Nar pre-conditioning prior to stimulation with LPS for 18 h was a prerequisite for evaluating PC12 cell viability and the protective mechanisms of Nar. Nar significantly improved cell survival in a time- and concentration-dependent manner. On the one hand, Nar downregulated cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1), inhibited the release of ROS, mitigated the stimulation of oxidative stress, and rectified the antioxidant protein contents of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), superoxide dismutase (SOD)2 and glutathione synthetase (GSS). On the other hand, Nar down-regulated inflammatory gene and protein expression, including interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, HMGB1, high mobility group box 1 protein (HMGB1), cyclo-oxygenase-2 (COX-2), the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)-myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88)-TNF receptor-associated factor 6 (TRAF6) path way and downstream mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) phosphorylation, activator protein transcription factor-1 (AP-1) and nuclear factor (NF)-κB. Moroever, Nar markedly attenuated the cytochrome c shift from the mitochondria to the cytosol and regulated caspase-3-related protein expression. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to report the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic effects of Nar in neuronal-like PC12 cells. These results suggest that Nar can be utilized as a potential drug for the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Traffic Hospital of Shandong Province, Jinan, Shandong 250031, P.R. China
| | - You Song Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116011, P.R. China
| | - Miao Lin Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116011, P.R. China
| | - Chao Cheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116011, P.R. China
| | - Rui Bian
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116011, P.R. China
| | - Hao Yuan
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116011, P.R. China
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116011, P.R. China
| | - Ting Guo
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116011, P.R. China
| | - Lin Lin Zhu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116011, P.R. China
| | - Hang Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116027, P.R. China
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Zhou Q, Song W, Xiao W. Dioscin induces demethylation of DAPK-1 and RASSF-1alpha genes via the antioxidant capacity, resulting in apoptosis of bladder cancer T24 cells. EXCLI JOURNAL 2017; 16:101-112. [PMID: 28435431 PMCID: PMC5379114 DOI: 10.17179/excli2016-571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2016] [Accepted: 01/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
DNA methylation at CpG rich regions often occurs at tumor suppressor gene promoters, resulting in reduced gene expression and final carcinogenesis. Hypermethylation of tumor suppressor genes, including DAPK-1 and RASSF-1α genes, have been found in patients with bladder carcinoma (BC) in some western countries. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) was reported to play a causative role in gene hypermethylation. In this study, we detected the methylation status and expression of DAPK1 and RASSF-1α genes in tissue samples from Chinese BC patients, using methylation-specific PCR, reverse transcription PCR and western blotting. Further, we examined the ability of dioscin, a natural antioxidant, to regulate methylation status and expression of DAPK-1 and RASSF-1α genes in BC cell lines. In our results, DAPK-1 and RASSF-1α genes showed higher methylation level and lower express level in BC tissues than matched normal tissues. Treatment with dioscin decreased viability of BC 5637 and T24 cells, but not non-cancer bladder epithelial cell, SV-HUC-1. Dioscin triggered demethylation of DAPK1 and RASSF-1α genes in T24 cells and increased the gene and protein expression in 5637 and T24 cells. Both dioscin and substituted antioxidants (N-acetyl cysteine and Vitamin E) decreased intracellular ROS, but the effect of dioscin was abolished by adding H2O2. Similar to dioscin, the substituted antioxidants also induced the gene demethylation and T24 cell apoptosis. Co-treatment with dioscin and H2O2 had no such effects. Collectively, dioscin induces demethylation of DAPK-1 and RASSF-1α genes via the antioxidant capacity, resulting in apoptosis of bladder cancer T24 cells or inhibitory cell viability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Zhou
- Department of Urology, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, 61#, West Jiefang Road, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Wie Song
- Department of Urology, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, 61#, West Jiefang Road, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Wei Xiao
- Department of Urology, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, 61#, West Jiefang Road, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China
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Du C, Guo Y, Cheng Y, Han M, Zhang W, Qian H. Torulene and torularhodin, protects human prostate stromal cells from hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative stress damage through the regulation of Bcl-2/Bax mediated apoptosis. Free Radic Res 2017; 51:113-123. [PMID: 28112004 DOI: 10.1080/10715762.2017.1285024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The current study was designed to elucidate the cytoprotective effects and possible mechanisms of torulene and torularhodin on hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced oxidative stress damage in human prostate stromal cells (WPMY-1). After treated with H2O2, a notable decrease was appeared in cell viability, yet the decrease was attenuated when cells were pretreated with torulene and torularhodin (0.5-10 μM) as evaluated by WST-1 assay. Pretreatment with these two carotenoids significantly attenuated H2O2-induced apoptosis in WPMY-1 cells through the inhibition of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA) overproduction, as well as the activation of the activities in catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px). Finally, pretreatment of cells with carotenoids resulted in the regulation of the mRNA and protein expression of Bcl-2 and Bax in H2O2-exposed prostate stromal cells. The present results indicate that both torulene and torularhodin can protect human prostate stromal cells from oxidative stress damage via Bcl-2/Bax mediated apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Du
- a School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University , Wuxi , Jiangsu Province , PR China.,b School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University , Wuxi , Jiangsu Province , PR China
| | - Yahui Guo
- a School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University , Wuxi , Jiangsu Province , PR China
| | - Yuliang Cheng
- a School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University , Wuxi , Jiangsu Province , PR China
| | - Mei Han
- b School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University , Wuxi , Jiangsu Province , PR China
| | - Weiguo Zhang
- b School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University , Wuxi , Jiangsu Province , PR China
| | - He Qian
- a School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University , Wuxi , Jiangsu Province , PR China.,c National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University , Wuxi , Jiangsu Province , PR China
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Si L, Xu L, Yin L, Qi Y, Han X, Xu Y, Zhao Y, Liu K, Peng J. Potent effects of dioscin against pancreatic cancer via miR-149-3P-mediated inhibition of the Akt1 signalling pathway. Br J Pharmacol 2017; 174:553-568. [PMID: 28095588 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2016] [Revised: 12/29/2016] [Accepted: 01/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects and possible underlying mechanisms of dioscin against pancreatic cancer in vitro and in vivo. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH In vitro actions of dioscin on viability of ASPC-1 and PANC-1 cells, and in vivo effects to suppress the tumour growth of cell xenografts in nude mice were assessed. In addition, microRNA microarray analysis determined which microRNAs were affected by dioscin. The mechanisms underlying the actions of dioscin against pancreatic cancer were elucidated in terms of Akt1 and other proteins related to aopoptosis. KEY RESULTS Dioscin markedly induced apoptosis and significantly suppressed the tumour growth of ASPC-1 and PANC-1 cell xenografts, in nude mice. Total of 107 microRNAs with differential changes were found, in which miR-149-3P targeted with Akt1 was markedly up-regulated by dioscin. Further studies showed that dioscin significantly down-regulated Akt1 levels, and thus induced cell apoptosis by increasing the levels of Bax, Apaf-1, cleaved caspase-3/9, cleaved PARP, suppressing Bcl-2 levels, and causing cytochrome c release. The effects of an inhibitor of miR-149-3P and of siRNA of testicular Akt1 suggested that dioscin showed excellent activity against pancreatic cancer via miR- 149-3P-mediated inhibition of Akt1 signalling pathway. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Collectively, these findings confirmed the potent effects of dioscin against pancreatic cancer and also provided novel insights into the mechanisms of the compound as a potential candidate for the treatment of pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingling Si
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Lina Xu
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Lianhong Yin
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Yan Qi
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Xu Han
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Youwei Xu
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Yanyan Zhao
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Kexin Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Jinyong Peng
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
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Du C, Guo Y, Cheng Y, Han M, Zhang W, Qian H. Anti-cancer effects of torulene, isolated from Sporidiobolus pararoseus, on human prostate cancer LNCaP and PC-3 cells via a mitochondrial signal pathway and the down-regulation of AR expression. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra24721k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Torulene, inhibit LNCaP and PC-3 cells growth through Bcl-2/Bax mediated apoptosis and AR down-regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Du
- School of Food Science and Technology
- Jiangnan University
- P. R. China
- School of Biotechnology
- Jiangnan University
| | - Yahui Guo
- School of Food Science and Technology
- Jiangnan University
- P. R. China
| | - Yuliang Cheng
- School of Food Science and Technology
- Jiangnan University
- P. R. China
| | - Mei Han
- School of Biotechnology
- Jiangnan University
- P. R. China
| | - Weiguo Zhang
- School of Biotechnology
- Jiangnan University
- P. R. China
| | - He Qian
- School of Food Science and Technology
- Jiangnan University
- P. R. China
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food
- Jiangnan University
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Xiao Yao San against Corticosterone-Induced Stress Injury via Upregulating Glucocorticoid Receptor Reaction Element Transcriptional Activity. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2016; 2016:5850739. [PMID: 27822288 PMCID: PMC5086362 DOI: 10.1155/2016/5850739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2016] [Revised: 06/28/2016] [Accepted: 09/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have revealed that uncontrollable stress can impair the synaptic plasticity and firing property of hippocampal neurons, which influenced various hippocampal-dependent tasks including memory, cognition, behavior, and mood. In this work, we had investigated the effects and mechanisms of the Chinese herbal medicine Xiao Yao San (XYS) against corticosterone-induced stress injury in primary hippocampal neurons (PHN) cells. We found that XYS and RU38486 could increase cell viabilities and decrease cell apoptosis by MTT, immunofluorescence, and flow cytometry assays. In addition, we observed that XYS notably inhibited the nuclear translocation of GR and upregulated the mRNA and protein expressions levels of Caveolin-1, GR, BDNF, TrkB, and FKBP4. However, XYS downregulated the FKBP51 expressions. Furthermore, the results of the electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) and double luciferase reporter gene detection indicated that FKBP4 promotes the transcriptional activity of GR reaction element (GRE) by binding with GR, and FKBP51 processed the opposite action. The in vivo experiment also proved the functions of XYS. These results suggested that XYS showed an efficient neuroprotection against corticosterone-induced stress injury in PHN cells by upregulating GRE transcriptional activity, which should be developed as a potential candidate for treating stress injury in the future.
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Xu XH, Li T, Fong CMV, Chen X, Chen XJ, Wang YT, Huang MQ, Lu JJ. Saponins from Chinese Medicines as Anticancer Agents. Molecules 2016; 21:molecules21101326. [PMID: 27782048 PMCID: PMC6272920 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21101326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2016] [Accepted: 09/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Saponins are glycosides with triterpenoid or spirostane aglycones that demonstrate various pharmacological effects against mammalian diseases. To promote the research and development of anticancer agents from saponins, this review focuses on the anticancer properties of several typical naturally derived triterpenoid saponins (ginsenosides and saikosaponins) and steroid saponins (dioscin, polyphyllin, and timosaponin) isolated from Chinese medicines. These saponins exhibit in vitro and in vivo anticancer effects, such as anti-proliferation, anti-metastasis, anti-angiogenesis, anti-multidrug resistance, and autophagy regulation actions. In addition, related signaling pathways and target proteins involved in the anticancer effects of saponins are also summarized in this work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Huang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China.
| | - Ting Li
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China.
| | - Chi Man Vivienne Fong
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China.
| | - Xiuping Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China.
| | - Xiao-Jia Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China.
| | - Yi-Tao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China.
| | - Ming-Qing Huang
- College of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou 350122, China.
| | - Jin-Jian Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China.
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Zhao X, Tao X, Xu L, Yin L, Qi Y, Xu Y, Han X, Peng J. Dioscin Induces Apoptosis in Human Cervical Carcinoma HeLa and SiHa Cells through ROS-Mediated DNA Damage and the Mitochondrial Signaling Pathway. Molecules 2016; 21:molecules21060730. [PMID: 27271587 PMCID: PMC6273920 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21060730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2016] [Revised: 05/24/2016] [Accepted: 05/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Dioscin, a natural product, has activity against glioblastoma multiforme, lung cancer and colon cancer. In this study, the effects of dioscin against human cervical carcinoma HeLa and SiHa cells were further confirmed, and the possible mechanism(s) were investigated. A transmission electron microscopy (TEM) assay and DAPI staining were used to detect the cellular morphology. Flow cytometry was used to assay cell apoptosis, ROS and Ca(2+) levels. Single cell gel electrophoresis and immunofluorescence assays were used to test DNA damage and cytochrome C release. The results showed that dioscin significantly inhibited cell proliferation and caused DNA damage in HeLa and SiHa cells. The mechanistic investigation showed that dioscin caused the release of cytochrome C from mitochondria into the cytosol. In addition, dioscin significantly up-regulated the protein levels of Bak, Bax, Bid, p53, caspase-3, caspase-9, and down-regulated the protein levels of Bcl-2 and Bcl-xl. Our work thus demonstrated that dioscin notably induces apoptosis in HeLa and SiHa cells through adjusting ROS-mediated DNA damage and the mitochondrial signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinwei Zhao
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Western 9 Lvshunnan Road, Dalian 116044, China.
| | - Xufeng Tao
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Western 9 Lvshunnan Road, Dalian 116044, China.
| | - Lina Xu
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Western 9 Lvshunnan Road, Dalian 116044, China.
| | - Lianhong Yin
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Western 9 Lvshunnan Road, Dalian 116044, China.
| | - Yan Qi
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Western 9 Lvshunnan Road, Dalian 116044, China.
| | - Youwei Xu
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Western 9 Lvshunnan Road, Dalian 116044, China.
| | - Xu Han
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Western 9 Lvshunnan Road, Dalian 116044, China.
| | - Jinyong Peng
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Western 9 Lvshunnan Road, Dalian 116044, China.
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George BPA, Abrahamse H, Hemmaragala NM. Caspase dependent apoptotic inhibition of melanoma and lung cancer cells by tropical Rubus extracts. Biomed Pharmacother 2016; 80:193-199. [PMID: 27133056 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2016.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2015] [Revised: 03/18/2016] [Accepted: 03/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Rubus fairholmianus Gard. inhibits human melanoma (A375) and lung cancer (A549) cell growth by the caspase dependent apoptotic pathway. Herbal products have a long history of clinical use and acceptance. They are freely available natural compounds that can be safely used to prevent various ailments. The plants and plant derived products became the basis of traditional medicine system throughout the world for thousands of years. The effects of R. fairholmianus root acetone extract (RFRA) on the proliferation of A375 and A549 cells was examined in this study. RFRA led to a decrease in cell viability, proliferation and an increase in cytotoxicity in a dose dependent manner when compared with control and normal skin fibroblast cells (WS1). The morphology of treated cells supported apoptotic cell death. Annexin V/propidium iodide staining indicated that RFRA induced apoptosis in A375 and A549 cells and the percentages of early and late apoptotic populations significantly increased. Moreover, the apoptotic inducing ability of RFRA when analysing effector caspase 3/7 activity, indicated a marked increase in treated cells. In summary, we have shown the anticancer effects of RFRA in A375 and A549 cancer cells via induction of caspase dependent apoptosis in vitro. The extract is more effective against melanoma; which may suggest the usefulness of RFRA-based anticancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Heidi Abrahamse
- Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 17011, Doornfontein 2028, South Africa
| | - Nanjundaswamy M Hemmaragala
- Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 17011, Doornfontein 2028, South Africa
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47
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Characterizing diversity based on nutritional and bioactive compositions of yam germplasm (Dioscorea spp.) commonly cultivated in China. J Food Drug Anal 2016; 24:367-375. [PMID: 28911591 PMCID: PMC9339559 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfda.2015.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2015] [Revised: 11/30/2015] [Accepted: 12/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Yams (Dioscorea spp.) are widely cultivated as edible resources and medical materials in China. Characterizing chemical compositions in yam germplasm is crucial to determine their diversity and suitability for food and medicine applications. In this study, a core germplasm containing 25 yam landraces was used to create an effective classification of usage by characterizing their nutritive and medicinal compositions. All studied landraces exhibited high contents of starch from 60.7% to 80.6% dry weight (DW), protein (6.3–12.2% DW), minerals (especially Mg 326.8–544.7 mg/kg DW), and essential amino acids. Allantoin and dioscin varied considerably, with values of 0.62–1.49% DW and 0.032–0.092% DW, respectively. The quality variability of 25 yam landraces was clearly separated in light of UPGMA clustering and principal component analysis (PCA). Using an eigenvalue ≥1 as the cutoff, the first three principal components accounted for most of the total variability (62.33%). Classification was achieved based on the results of the measured parameters and principal component analysis scores. The results are of great help in determining appropriate application strategies for yam germplasm in China.
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Arvand M, Ghodsi N, Zanjanchi M. A new microplatform based on titanium dioxide nanofibers/graphene oxide nanosheets nanocomposite modified screen printed carbon electrode for electrochemical determination of adenine in the presence of guanine. Biosens Bioelectron 2016; 77:837-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2015.10.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2015] [Revised: 10/09/2015] [Accepted: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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49
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Dioscin suppresses human laryngeal cancer cells growth via induction of cell-cycle arrest and MAPK-mediated mitochondrial-derived apoptosis and inhibition of tumor invasion. Eur J Pharmacol 2016; 774:105-17. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2016.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Revised: 02/02/2016] [Accepted: 02/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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50
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Guntuku L, Naidu VGM, Yerra VG. Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Gliomas: Pharmacotherapeutic Potential of Natural Compounds. Curr Neuropharmacol 2016; 14:567-83. [PMID: 26791479 PMCID: PMC4981742 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x14666160121115641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2015] [Revised: 09/08/2015] [Accepted: 01/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Gliomas are the most common primary brain tumors either benign or malignant originating from the glial tissue. Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most prevalent and aggressive form among all gliomas, associated with decimal prognosis due to it`s high invasive nature. GBM is also characterized by high recurrence rate and apoptosis resistance features which make the therapeutic targeting very challenging. Mitochondria are key cellular organelles that are acting as focal points in diverse array of cellular functions such as cellular energy metabolism, regulation of ion homeostasis, redox signaling and cell death. Eventual findings of mitochondrial dysfunction include preference of glycolysis over oxidative phosphorylation, enhanced reactive oxygen species generation and abnormal mitochondria mediated apoptotic machinery are frequently observed in various malignancies including gliomas. In particular, gliomas harbor mitochondrial structure abnormalities, genomic mutations in mtDNA, altered energy metabolism (Warburg effect) along with mutations in isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) enzyme. Numerous natural compounds have shown efficacy in the treatment of gliomas by targeting mitochondrial aberrant signaling cascades. Some of the natural compounds directly target the components of mitochondria whereas others act indirectly through modulating metabolic abnormalities that are consequence of the mitochondrial dysfunction. The present review offers a molecular insight into mitochondrial pathology in gliomas and therapeutic mechanisms of some of the promising natural compounds that target mitochondrial dysfunction. This review also sheds light on the challenges and possible ways to overcome the hurdles associated with these natural compounds to enter into the clinical market.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - V G M Naidu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hyderabad, India.
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