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Wang L, Li W, Zhang X, Zhang Y, Chen G, Zhou X, Xv D, Wu Q. Resveratrol prevents age-related heart impairment through inhibiting the Notch/NF-κB pathway. Food Sci Nutr 2024; 12:1035-1045. [PMID: 38370061 PMCID: PMC10867470 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.3817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Resveratrol (RSV) is a natural polyphenol compound found in various plants that has been shown to have potential benefits for preventing aging and supporting cardiovascular health. However, the specific signal pathway by which RSV protects the aging heart is not yet well understood. This study aimed to explore the protective effects of RSV against age-related heart injury and investigate the underlying mechanisms using a D-galactose-induced aging model. The results of the study indicated that RSV provided protection against age-related heart impairment in mice. This was evidenced by the reduction of cardiac histopathological changes as well as the attenuation of apoptosis. RSV-induced cardioprotection was linked to a significant increase in antioxidant activity and mitochondrial transmembrane potential, as well as a reduction in oxidative damage. Additionally, RSV inhibited the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). Furthermore, the expression of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), nuclear factor kappa-B p65 (NF-κB p65), and notch 1 protein were inhibited by RSV, indicating that inhibiting the Notch/NF-κB pathway played a critical role in RSV-triggered heart protection in aging mice. Moreover, further data on intestinal function demonstrated that RSV significantly increased short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in intestinal contents and reduced the pH value in the feces of aging mice. RSV alleviated aging-induced cardiac dysfunction through the suppression of oxidative stress and inflammation via the Notch/NF-κB pathway in heart tissue. Furthermore, this therapeutic effect was found to be associated with its protective roles in the intestine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le‐Feng Wang
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Laboratory MedicineDepartment of Clinical LaboratoryThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang UniversityNanchangChina
- Department of OphthalmologyWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Wen‐Juan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and TechnologyNanchang UniversityNanchangChina
| | - Xian‐Yi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and TechnologyNanchang UniversityNanchangChina
| | - Yi‐Chi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and TechnologyNanchang UniversityNanchangChina
| | - Guang‐Feng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and TechnologyNanchang UniversityNanchangChina
| | - Xing‐Yu Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and TechnologyNanchang UniversityNanchangChina
| | - Dong‐Mei Xv
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and TechnologyNanchang UniversityNanchangChina
| | - Qiong Wu
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Laboratory MedicineDepartment of Clinical LaboratoryThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang UniversityNanchangChina
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2
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Lopez C, David-Briand E, Lollier V, Mériadec C, Bizien T, Pérez J, Artzner F. Solubilization of free β-sitosterol in milk sphingomyelin and polar lipid vesicles as carriers: Structural characterization of the membranes and sphingosome morphology. Food Res Int 2023; 165:112496. [PMID: 36869506 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.112496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
High consumption of plant sterols reduces the risk of cardiovascular diseases in humans and provides health benefits. Increasing the amount of plant sterols in the diet is therefore necessary to reach the recommended daily dietary intake. However, food supplementation with free plant sterols is challenging because of their low solubility in fats and water. The objectives of this study were to investigate the capacity of milk-sphingomyelin (milk-SM) and milk polar lipids to solubilise β-sitosterol molecules in bilayer membranes organised as vesicles called sphingosomes. The thermal and structural properties of milk-SM containing bilayers composed of various amounts of β-sitosterol were examined by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and temperature-controlled X-ray diffraction (XRD), the molecular interactions were studied using the Langmuir film technique, the morphologies of sphingosomes and β-sitosterol crystals were observed by microscopy. We showed that the milk-SM bilayers devoid of β-sitosterol exhibited a gel to fluid Lα phase transition for Tm = 34.5 °C and formed facetted spherical sphingosomes below Tm. The solubilisation of β-sitosterol within milk-SM bilayers induced a liquid-ordered Lo phaseabove 25 %mol (1.7 %wt) β-sitosterol and a softening of the membranes leading to the formation of elongated sphingosomes. Attractive molecular interactions revealed a condensing effect of β-sitosterol on milk-SM Langmuir monolayers. Above 40 %mol (25.7 %wt) β-sitosterol, partitioning occured with the formation of β-sitosterol microcrystals in the aqueous phase. Similar results were obtained with the solubilization of β-sitosterol within milk polar lipid vesicles. For the first time, this study highlighted the efficient solubilization of free β-sitosterol within milk-SM based vesicles, which opens new market opportunities for the formulation of functional foods enriched in non-crystalline free plant sterols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christelle Lopez
- INRAE, BIA, F-44316 Nantes, France; INRAE, STLO, F-35000 Rennes, France.
| | | | - Virginie Lollier
- INRAE, BIA, F-44316 Nantes, France; INRAE, PROBE Research Infrastructure, BIBS Facility, F-44316 Nantes, France
| | | | - Thomas Bizien
- Synchrotron Soleil, L'Orme des Merisiers, Saint-Aubin BP48, F-91192 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Javier Pérez
- Synchrotron Soleil, L'Orme des Merisiers, Saint-Aubin BP48, F-91192 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Franck Artzner
- IPR, UMR 6251, CNRS, University of Rennes 1, F-35042 Rennes, France
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3
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Simultaneous Analysis of Free/Combined Phytosterols in Rapeseed and Their Dynamic Changes during Microwave Pretreatment and Oil Processing. Foods 2022; 11:3219. [PMCID: PMC9601674 DOI: 10.3390/foods11203219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Here, a simple, efficient, and rapid solid phase extraction-gas chromatography (SPE–GC) method was developed for the simultaneous analysis of free/combined phytosterols in rapeseed and their dynamic changes during microwave pretreatment and oil processing. First, by comparing different methods for extracting free/combined phytosterols from rapeseed and rapeseed cake, the Folch method was considered to be the optimal method and was selected in subsequent experiments. Subsequently, the extraction method was validated by determining the recoveries of standards (brassinosterol, campesterol, β-sitosterol and cholesteryl oleate) spiked in rapeseed and rapeseed oil samples, and the recoveries were in the range from 82.7% to 104.5% and 83.8% to 116.3%, respectively. The established method was applied to study the dynamic changes of the form and content of phytosterols in rapeseed and its products (rapeseed oil and cake) during rapeseed microwave pretreatment and the oil production process. Additionally, the results showed that more than 55% of the free/combined phytosterols in rapeseed were transferred to rapeseed oil during the oil processing, and this proportion will increase after microwave pretreatment of rapeseed. This work will provide analytical methods and data support for a comprehensive understanding of phytosterols in rapeseed and its products during oil processing.
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Granato D. Functional foods to counterbalance low-grade inflammation and oxidative stress in cardiovascular diseases: a multilayered strategy combining food and health sciences. Curr Opin Food Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cofs.2022.100894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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5
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Li Y, Kong F, Zan M, Peng L, Wang Z, Shu Q. Optimization technology and kinetic studies of Acer truncatum seed oil saponification and crystallization separation of nervonic acid. J Food Sci 2022; 87:3925-3937. [PMID: 35904249 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.16262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Acer truncatum seed oil (ATSO) contains abundant unsaturated fatty acids, with significant quantities of nervonic acid (NA, > 5%), which was authenticated as a new food resource in China. For the sake of minimizing animal consumption and the importance of NA for human health, extraction of NA from plants has become a research hotspot. In the present study, three extraction factors were determined to significantly influence the saponification reaction based on single-factor experiments: NaOH dosage, reaction time, and reaction temperature. These three factors were used to further optimize the saponification process through the response surface methodology, and the highest yield of mixed fatty acids was 83.12%. Moreover, the activation energy (40.8228 kJ/mol), the pre-exponential factor [2.568 × 106 m3 /(kmol·min)], and the kinetic equation [rA = kcA cB = 2.568 × 106 ·exp(- 4970 . 1 T ) $\frac{{{\rm{4970}}{\rm{.1}}}}{{\rm{T}}})$ cA cB ] of the ATSO saponification reaction were determined by combining the chemical reaction rate equation of the elementary reaction, the Arrhenius equation, and the NaOH concentration in the substrate. Finally, the mixed fatty acids of ATSO were crystallized by triple-stage low-temperature crystallization, and we achieved 25.05% purity for NA. This study provides a technological basis and strategy for specific fatty acid production from ASTO, as well as other vegetable oils important in the field of food and health supplement products. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: Nervonic acid (NA) is an essential component of neural cells and neural tissue, and it is vital for maintaining the normal work of nerve tissues in organisms and promotes neurodevelopment. NA has traditionally been mainly obtained from shark hunting, which is now restricted due to an international ban on shark fishing. The alternative way to produce NA cheaply and in large quantities is from plant sources. The techniques utilized in this study provide an effective method of NA separation from Acer truncatum seed oil for industrial production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Li
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources and Beijing Botanical Garden, Institute of Botany, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fan Kong
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources and Beijing Botanical Garden, Institute of Botany, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Mingyang Zan
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Liping Peng
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources and Beijing Botanical Garden, Institute of Botany, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhanzhong Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Qingyan Shu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources and Beijing Botanical Garden, Institute of Botany, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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Poudel A, Gachumi G, Purves R, Badea I, El-Aneed A. Determination of phytosterol oxidation products in pharmaceutical liposomal formulations and plant vegetable oil extracts using novel fast liquid chromatography - Tandem mass spectrometric methods. Anal Chim Acta 2022; 1194:339404. [PMID: 35063161 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2021.339404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Phytosterol oxidation products (POPs) formed by the auto-oxidation of phytosterols can lead to negative health consequences. New liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) quantitative and qualitative approaches were developed. For quantification, sixteen phytosterol oxidation products (POPs) in liposomal formulations; namely 7-keto, 7-hydroxy, 5,6-epoxy, and 5,6-dihydroxy derivatives of brassicasterol, campesterol, stigmasterol, and β-sitosterol were quantified. The method has a short run time of 5 min, achieved on a poroshell C18 column, using isocratic elution. To the best of our knowledge, this is the shortest run time among reported methods for the quantitative analysis of POPs. Atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI) was used, and the mobile phase was composed of acetonitrile/methanol (99:1 v/v). The quantitative method was validated as per the FDA guidelines for linearity, accuracy, precision, selectivity, sensitivity, matrix effect, dilution integrity, and stability. The method was applied for the quantification of POPs in liposomal phytosterol formulations prepared with and without tocopherols, as antioxidants. The formulation process had little impact on the formation of POPs as only 7-ketobrassicasterol was quantified in tested samples. The quantified value of POPs in liposomal samples was insignificant to impart any toxicological effects. Other degradation products such as 7-hydroxy, 5,6-epoxy and 5,6-dihydroxy derivatives of brassicasterol, campesterol and β-sitosterol were below the lower limit of quantification. Phytosterol-containing formulations were then assessed for their oxidative stability after microwave exposure for 5 min. The incorporation of tocopherols significantly increased the stability of phytosterols in the liposomal formulations. Finally, LC-MS/MS qualitative identification of phytosterols obtained from extra virgin olive oil was performed. New POPs, namely 7-ketoavenasterol, and 7-ketomethylenecycloartenol were putatively identified, illustrating the applicability of the method to identify POPs with varying structures present in various phytosterol sources. In fact, it is the first time that 7-ketomethylenecycloartenol is reported as a POP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asmita Poudel
- Drug Discovery and Development Research Group, College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - George Gachumi
- Drug Discovery and Development Research Group, College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Randy Purves
- Drug Discovery and Development Research Group, College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada; Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Ildiko Badea
- Drug Discovery and Development Research Group, College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Anas El-Aneed
- Drug Discovery and Development Research Group, College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada.
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7
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Xu B, You S, Zhang L, Ma F, Zhang Q, Luo D, Li P. Comparative analysis of free/combined phytosterols--degradation and differential formation of oxidation products during heating of sunflower seed oil. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2021.112966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Acquah C, Ohemeng-Boahen G, Power KA, Tosh SM. The Effect of Processing on Bioactive Compounds and Nutritional Qualities of Pulses in Meeting the Sustainable Development Goal 2. FRONTIERS IN SUSTAINABLE FOOD SYSTEMS 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fsufs.2021.681662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Diversification of plant-based food sources is necessary to improve global food and nutritional security. Pulses have enormous nutritional and health benefits in preventing malnutrition and chronic diseases while contributing positively to reducing environmental footprint. Pulses are rich in diverse nutritional and non-nutritional constituents which can be classified as bioactive compounds due to their biological effect. These bioactive compounds include but are not limited to proteins, dietary fibres, resistant starch, polyphenols, saponins, lectins, phytic acids, and enzyme inhibitors. While these compounds are of importance in ensuring food and nutritional security, some of the bioactive constituents have ambivalent properties. These properties include having antioxidant, anti-hypertensive and prebiotic effects. Others have a deleterious effect of decreasing the digestibility and/or bioavailability of essential nutrients and are therefore termed antinutritional factors/compounds. Various processing techniques exist to reduce the content of antinutritional factors found in pulses. Traditional processing of pulses comprises soaking, dehulling, milling, germination, fermentation, and boiling, while examples of emerging processing techniques include microwaving, extrusion, and micronization. These processing techniques can be tailored to purpose and pulse type to achieve desired results. Herein, the nutritional qualities and properties of bioactive compounds found in pulses in meeting the sustainable development goals are presented. It also discusses the effect of processing techniques on the nutritional and non-nutritional constituents in pulses as well as the health and environmental benefits of pulse-diet consumption. Major challenges linked to pulses that could limit their potential of being ideal crops in meeting the sustainable development goal 2 agenda are highlighted.
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Guan R, Van Le Q, Yang H, Zhang D, Gu H, Yang Y, Sonne C, Lam SS, Zhong J, Jianguang Z, Liu R, Peng W. A review of dietary phytochemicals and their relation to oxidative stress and human diseases. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 271:129499. [PMID: 33445014 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.129499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Phytochemicals refer to active substances in plant-based diets. Phytochemicals found in for example fruits, vegetables, grains and seed oils are considered relatively safe for consumption due to mammal-plant co-evolution and adaptation. A number of human diseases are related to oxidative stress caused by for example chemical environmental contaminants in air, water and food; while also lifestyle including smoking and lack of exercise and dietary preferences are important factors for disease development in humans. Here we explore the dietary sources of antioxidant phytochemicals that have beneficial effects on oxidative stress, cardiovascular and neurological diseases as well as cancer. Plant-based diets usually contain phenolic acids, flavonoids and carotenoids, which have strong antioxidant properties, and therefore remove the excess of active oxygen in the body, and protect cells from damage, reducing the risk of cardiovascular and Alzheimer's disease. In most cases, obesity is related to diet and inactivity and plant-based diets change lipid composition and metabolism, which reduce obesity related hazards. Cruciferous and Allium vegetables are rich in organic sulphides that can act on the metabolism of carcinogens and therefore used as anti-cancer and suppressing agents while dietary fibres and plant sterols may improve intestinal health and prevent intestinal diseases. Thus, we recommend a diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and grains as its content of phytochemicals may have the potential to prevent or improve a broad sweep of various diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruirui Guan
- Henan Province International Collaboration Lab of Forest Resources Utilization, School of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Quyet Van Le
- Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, 550000, Viet Nam
| | - Han Yang
- Henan Province International Collaboration Lab of Forest Resources Utilization, School of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Dangquan Zhang
- Henan Province International Collaboration Lab of Forest Resources Utilization, School of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Haiping Gu
- Henan Province International Collaboration Lab of Forest Resources Utilization, School of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Yafeng Yang
- Henan Province International Collaboration Lab of Forest Resources Utilization, School of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Christian Sonne
- Aarhus University, Department of Bioscience, Arctic Research Centre (ARC), Frederiksborgvej 399, PO Box 358, DK-4000, Roskilde, Denmark; Henan Province International Collaboration Lab of Forest Resources Utilization, School of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China.
| | - Su Shiung Lam
- Higher Institution Centre of Excellence (HICoE), Institute of Tropical Aquaculture and Fisheries (AKUATROP), Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia; Henan Province International Collaboration Lab of Forest Resources Utilization, School of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Jiateng Zhong
- Department of Pathology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, China
| | - Zhu Jianguang
- Pharmacy College, Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450000, China
| | - Runqiang Liu
- School of Resources and Environment, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, 453003, China
| | - Wanxi Peng
- Henan Province International Collaboration Lab of Forest Resources Utilization, School of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China.
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Gachumi G, Poudel A, Wasan KM, El-Aneed A. Analytical Strategies to Analyze the Oxidation Products of Phytosterols, and Formulation-Based Approaches to Reduce Their Generation. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13020268. [PMID: 33669349 PMCID: PMC7920278 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13020268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Phytosterols are a class of lipid molecules present in plants that are structurally similar to cholesterol and have been widely utilized as cholesterol-lowering agents. However, the susceptibility of phytosterols to oxidation has led to concerns regarding their safety and tolerability. Phytosterol oxidation products (POPs) present in a variety of enriched and non-enriched foods can show pro-atherogenic and pro-inflammatory properties. Therefore, it is crucial to screen and analyze various phytosterol-containing products for the presence of POPs and ultimately design or modify phytosterols in such a way that prevents the generation of POPs and yet maintains their pharmacological activity. The main approaches for the analysis of POPs include the use of mass spectrometry (MS) linked to a suitable separation technique, notably gas chromatography (GC). However, liquid chromatography (LC)-MS has the potential to simplify the analysis due to the elimination of any derivatization step, usually required for GC-MS. To reduce the transformation of phytosterols to their oxidized counterparts, formulation strategies can theoretically be adopted, including the use of microemulsions, microcapsules, micelles, nanoparticles, and liposomes. In addition, co-formulation with antioxidants, such as tocopherols, may prove useful in substantially preventing POP generation. The main objectives of this review article are to evaluate the various analytical strategies that have been adopted for analyzing them. In addition, formulation approaches that can prevent the generation of these oxidation products are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Gachumi
- Drug Discovery and Development Research Group, College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada; (G.G.); (A.P.)
| | - Asmita Poudel
- Drug Discovery and Development Research Group, College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada; (G.G.); (A.P.)
| | - Kishor M. Wasan
- iCo Therapeutics Inc., Vancouver, BC V6Z 2T3, Canada;
- Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
- Skymount Medical Group Inc., Calgary, AB T3C 0J8, Canada
| | - Anas El-Aneed
- Drug Discovery and Development Research Group, College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada; (G.G.); (A.P.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-306-966-2013
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Zeitz JO, Ehbrecht T, Fleischmann A, Most E, Gessner DK, Friedrichs S, Sparenberg M, Failing K, Whelan R, Lütjohann D, Eder K. Effect of DL-Methionine Supplementation on Tissue and Plasma Antioxidant Status and Concentrations of Oxidation Products of Cholesterol and Phytosterols in Heat-Processed Thigh Muscle of Broilers. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:E2050. [PMID: 33167600 PMCID: PMC7694460 DOI: 10.3390/ani10112050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, the hypothesis that supplementation with methionine (Met) as DL-Met (DLM) in excess of the National Research Council (NRC) recommendations improves the antioxidant system in broilers was investigated. Day-old male Cobb-500 broilers (n = 72) were divided into three groups which were fed a control diet or diets supplemented with two levels of DLM in which the concentrations of Met + Cys exceeded the recommendations of NRC by 15-20% (group DLM 1) or 30-40% (group DLM 2), respectively. The three groups of broilers did not show differences in body weight gains, feed intake, and feed conversion ratio. However, broilers of groups DLM 1 and DLM 2 had higher concentrations of glutathione (GSH) in liver and thigh muscle and lower concentrations of cholesterol oxidation products (COPs) in heat-processed thigh muscle than broilers of the control group. Concentrations of several oxidation products of phytosterols in heat-processed thigh muscle were also reduced in groups DLM 1 and DLM 2; however, the concentration of total oxidation products of phytosterols was not different between the three groups. The study shows that DLM supplementation improved the antioxidant status due to an increased formation of GSH and reduced the formation of COPs during heat-processing in thigh muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna O. Zeitz
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Nutritional Physiology, Justus Liebig University, D-35392 Giessen, Germany; (J.O.Z.); (T.E.); (A.F.); (E.M.); (D.K.G.)
| | - Tamara Ehbrecht
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Nutritional Physiology, Justus Liebig University, D-35392 Giessen, Germany; (J.O.Z.); (T.E.); (A.F.); (E.M.); (D.K.G.)
| | - Anne Fleischmann
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Nutritional Physiology, Justus Liebig University, D-35392 Giessen, Germany; (J.O.Z.); (T.E.); (A.F.); (E.M.); (D.K.G.)
| | - Erika Most
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Nutritional Physiology, Justus Liebig University, D-35392 Giessen, Germany; (J.O.Z.); (T.E.); (A.F.); (E.M.); (D.K.G.)
| | - Denise K. Gessner
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Nutritional Physiology, Justus Liebig University, D-35392 Giessen, Germany; (J.O.Z.); (T.E.); (A.F.); (E.M.); (D.K.G.)
| | - Silvia Friedrichs
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Bonn, D-53127 Bonn, Germany; (S.F.); (D.L.)
| | - Marion Sparenberg
- Unit of Biomathematics and Data Processing, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Justus Liebig University, D-35392 Giessen, Germany; (M.S.); (K.F.)
| | - Klaus Failing
- Unit of Biomathematics and Data Processing, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Justus Liebig University, D-35392 Giessen, Germany; (M.S.); (K.F.)
| | - Rose Whelan
- Evonik Operations GmbH, D-63457 Hanau-Wolfgang, Germany;
| | - Dieter Lütjohann
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Bonn, D-53127 Bonn, Germany; (S.F.); (D.L.)
| | - Klaus Eder
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Nutritional Physiology, Justus Liebig University, D-35392 Giessen, Germany; (J.O.Z.); (T.E.); (A.F.); (E.M.); (D.K.G.)
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12
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An update on β-sitosterol: A potential herbal nutraceutical for diabetic management. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 131:110702. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 07/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
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Chen J, Li D, Tang G, Zhou J, Liu W, Bi Y. Thermal-Oxidation Stability of Soybean Germ Phytosterols in Different Lipid Matrixes. Molecules 2020; 25:E4079. [PMID: 32906624 PMCID: PMC7570545 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25184079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The stability of soybean germ phytosterols (SGPs) in different lipid matrixes, including soybean germ oil, olive oil, and lard, was studied at 120, 150, and 180 °C. Results on the loss rate demonstrated that SGPs were most stable in olive oil, followed by soybean germ oil, and lard in a decreasing order. It is most likely that unsaturated fatty acids could oxidize first, compete with consumption of oxygen, and then spare phytosterols from oxidation. The oxidation products of SGPS in non-oil and oil systems were also quantified. The results demonstrated that at relatively lower temperatures (120 and 150 °C), SGPs' oxidation products were produced the most in the non-oil system, followed by lard, soybean germ oil, and olive oil. This was consistent with the loss rate pattern of SGPs. At a relatively higher temperature of 180 °C, the formation of SGPs' oxidation products in soybean germ oil was quantitatively the same as that in lard, implying that the temperature became a dominative factor rather than the content of unsaturated fatty acids of lipid matrixes in the oxidation of SGPs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Yanlan Bi
- College of Food Science and Technology, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (J.C.); (D.L.); (G.T.); (J.Z.); (W.L.)
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14
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Phytosterol Contents of Edible Oils and Their Contributions to Estimated Phytosterol Intake in the Chinese Diet. Foods 2019; 8:foods8080334. [PMID: 31404986 PMCID: PMC6723959 DOI: 10.3390/foods8080334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Revised: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Phytosterols are important micronutrients in human diets. Evidence has shown that phytosterols play an essential role in the reduction of cholesterol in blood and therefore decrease cardiovascular morbidity. In this study, the content and composition of phytosterols in different kinds of vegetable oils were analyzed, and the total phytosterol intake and contribution of foods to intake were estimated based on consumption data. The results showed that the phytosterol contents of rice bran oil, corn oil, and rapeseed oil were higher than those of other vegetable oils and the intake of phytosterol in the Chinese diet was about 392.3 mg/day. The main sources of phytosterols were edible vegetable oils (46.3%), followed by cereals (38.9%), vegetables (9.2%), nuts (2.0%), fruits (1.5%), beans and bean products (1.4%), and tubers (0.8%). Among all vegetable oils, rapeseed oil was the main individual contributor to phytosterol intake (22.9%), especially for the southern residents of China.
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15
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Kilvington A, Maldonado‐Pereira L, Torres‐Palacios C, Medina‐Meza I. Phytosterols and their oxidative products in infant formula. J FOOD PROCESS ENG 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpe.13151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alice Kilvington
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials ScienceMichigan State University East Lansing Michigan
| | - Lisaura Maldonado‐Pereira
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials ScienceMichigan State University East Lansing Michigan
| | - Cristobal Torres‐Palacios
- Department of Biosystems and Agricultural EngineeringMichigan State University East Lansing Michigan
| | - Ilce Medina‐Meza
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials ScienceMichigan State University East Lansing Michigan
- Department of Biosystems and Agricultural EngineeringMichigan State University East Lansing Michigan
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16
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Development and Characterization of Liposomal Formulations Containing Phytosterols Extracted from Canola Oil Deodorizer Distillate along with Tocopherols as Food Additives. Pharmaceutics 2019; 11:pharmaceutics11040185. [PMID: 30995762 PMCID: PMC6523737 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics11040185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Revised: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Phytosterols are plant sterols recommended as adjuvant therapy for hypercholesterolemia and tocopherols are well-established anti-oxidants. However, thermo-sensitivity, lipophilicity and formulation-dependent efficacy bring challenges in the development of functional foods, enriched with phytosterols and tocopherols. To address this, we developed liposomes containing brassicasterol, campesterol and β-sitosterol obtained from canola oil deodorizer distillate, along with alpha, gamma and delta tocopherol. Three approaches; thin film hydration-homogenization, thin film hydration-ultrasonication and Mozafari method were used for formulation. Validated liquid chromatographic tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) was utilized to determine the entrapment efficiency of bioactives. Stability studies of liposomal formulations were conducted before and after pasteurization using high temperature short time (HTST) technique for a month. Vesicle size after homogenization and ultrasonication (<200 nm) was significantly lower than by Mozafari method (>200 nm). However, zeta potential (-9 to -14 mV) was comparable which was adequate for colloidal stability. Entrapment efficiencies were greater than 89% for all the phytosterols and tocopherols formulated by all three methods. Liposomes with optimum particle size and zeta potential were incorporated in model orange juice, showing adequate stability after pasteurization (72 °C for 15 s) for a month. Liposomes containing phytosterols obtained from canola waste along with tocopherols were developed and successfully applied as a food additive using model orange juice.
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17
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Cabral CE, Klein MRST. Phytosterols in the Treatment of Hypercholesterolemia and Prevention of Cardiovascular Diseases. Arq Bras Cardiol 2018; 109:475-482. [PMID: 29267628 PMCID: PMC5729784 DOI: 10.5935/abc.20170158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Phytosterols are bioactive compounds found in foods of plant origin, which can be
divided into plant sterols and plant stanols. Clinical studies consistently
indicate that the intake of phytosterols (2 g/day) is associated with a
significant reduction (8-10%) in levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol
(LDL-cholesterol). Thus, several guidelines recommend the intake of 2 g/day of
plant sterols and/or stanols in order to reduce LDL-cholesterol levels. As the
typical western diet contains only about 300 mg/day of phytosterols, foods
enriched with phytosterols are usually used to achieve the recommended intake.
Although phytosterols decrease LDL-cholesterol levels, there is no evidence that
they reduce the risk of cardiovascular diseases; on the contrary, some studies
suggest an increased risk of atherosclerosis with increasing serum levels of
phytosterols. This review aims to address the evidence available in the
literature on the relationship between phytosterols and risk of cardiovascular
disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Eduardo Cabral
- Divisão de Nutrição - Hospital Universitário Pedro Ernesto - Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ - Brazil
| | - Márcia Regina Simas Torres Klein
- Divisão de Nutrição - Hospital Universitário Pedro Ernesto - Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ - Brazil.,Departamento de Nutrição Aplicada - Instituto de Nutrição - Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ - Brazil
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18
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A review of chemical composition and nutritional properties of minor vegetable oils in China. Trends Food Sci Technol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2018.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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19
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Lin Y, Knol D, Menéndez-Carreño M, Baris R, Janssen HG, Trautwein EA. Oxidation of sitosterol and campesterol in foods upon cooking with liquid margarines without and with added plant sterol esters. Food Chem 2018; 241:387-396. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2017.08.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2017] [Revised: 08/30/2017] [Accepted: 08/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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20
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Kisioglu B, Nergiz-Unal R. The powerful story against cardiovascular diseases: Dietary factors. FOOD REVIEWS INTERNATIONAL 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/87559129.2017.1410172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Betul Kisioglu
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Reyhan Nergiz-Unal
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
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21
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Development and Characterization of Phytosterol-Enriched Oil Microcapsules for Foodstuff Application. FOOD BIOPROCESS TECH 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s11947-017-1990-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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22
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Corrêa RC, Peralta RM, Bracht A, Ferreira IC. The emerging use of mycosterols in food industry along with the current trend of extended use of bioactive phytosterols. Trends Food Sci Technol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2017.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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23
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Barriuso B, Ansorena D, Astiasarán I. Oxysterols formation: A review of a multifactorial process. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2017; 169:39-45. [PMID: 26921766 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2016.02.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2015] [Revised: 02/19/2016] [Accepted: 02/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Dietary sterols are nutritionally interesting compounds which can suffer oxidation reactions. In the case of plant sterols, they are being widely used for food enrichment due to their hypocholesterolemic properties. Besides, cholesterol and plant sterols oxidation products are associated with the development of cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases, among others. Therefore, the evaluation of the particular factors affecting sterol degradation and oxysterols formation in foods is of major importance. The present work summarizes the main results obtained in experiments which aimed to study four aspects in this context: the effect of the heating treatment, the unsaturation degree of the surrounding lipids, the presence of antioxidants on sterols degradation, and at last, oxides formation. The use of model systems allowed the isolation of some of these effects resulting in more accurate data. Thus, these results could be applied in real conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blanca Barriuso
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Navarra, C/Irunlarrea s/n, IDISNA- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
| | - Diana Ansorena
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Navarra, C/Irunlarrea s/n, IDISNA- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
| | - Iciar Astiasarán
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Navarra, C/Irunlarrea s/n, IDISNA- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
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24
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Cilla A, Alegría A, Attanzio A, Garcia-Llatas G, Tesoriere L, Livrea MA. Dietary phytochemicals in the protection against oxysterol-induced damage. Chem Phys Lipids 2017; 207:192-205. [PMID: 28267434 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2017.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Accepted: 03/02/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The intake of fruits and vegetables is associated with reduced incidence of many chronic diseases. These foods contain phytochemicals that often possess antioxidant and free radical scavenging capacity and show anti-inflammatory action, which are also the basis of other bioactivities and health benefits, such as anticancer, anti-aging, and protective action for cardiovascular diseases, diabetes mellitus, obesity and neurodegenerative disorders. Many factors can be included in the etiopathogenesis of all of these multifactorial diseases that involve oxidative stress, inflammation and/or cell death processes, oxysterols, i.e. cholesterol oxidation products (COPs) as well as phytosterol oxidation products (POPs), among others. These oxidized lipids result from either spontaneous and/or enzymatic oxidation of cholesterol/phytosterols on the steroid nucleus or on the side chain and their critical roles in the pathophysiology of the abovementioned diseases has become increasingly evident. In this context, many studies investigated the potential of dietary phytochemicals (polyphenols, carotenoids and vitamins C and E, among others) to protect against oxysterol toxicity in various cell models mimicking pathophysiological conditions. This review, summarizing the mechanisms involved in the chemopreventive effect of phytochemicals against the injury by oxysterols may constitute a step forward to consider the importance of preventive strategies on a nutritional point of view to decrease the burden of many age-related chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Cilla
- Nutrition and Food Science Area, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Avda. Vicente Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Amparo Alegría
- Nutrition and Food Science Area, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Avda. Vicente Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| | - Alessandro Attanzio
- Dipartimento Scienze e Technologie Biologiche Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF), Università di Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Guadalupe Garcia-Llatas
- Nutrition and Food Science Area, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Avda. Vicente Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| | - Luisa Tesoriere
- Dipartimento Scienze e Technologie Biologiche Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF), Università di Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Maria A Livrea
- Dipartimento Scienze e Technologie Biologiche Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF), Università di Palermo, Palermo, Italy.
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25
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Pihlanto A, Mattila P, Mäkinen S, Pajari AM. Bioactivities of alternative protein sources and their potential health benefits. Food Funct 2017; 8:3443-3458. [DOI: 10.1039/c7fo00302a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Increasing the utilisation of plant proteins is needed to support the production of protein-rich foods that could replace animal proteins in the human diet so as to reduce the strain that intensive animal husbandry poses to the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Pihlanto
- Natural Resources Institute
- 31600 Jokioinen
- Finland
| | - P. Mattila
- Natural Resources Institute
- 31600 Jokioinen
- Finland
| | - S. Mäkinen
- Natural Resources Institute
- 31600 Jokioinen
- Finland
| | - A.-M. Pajari
- University of Helsinki Department of Food and Environmental Sciences
- 00014 Helsingin yliopisto
- Finland
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26
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Bin Sayeed MS, Karim SMR, Sharmin T, Morshed MM. Critical Analysis on Characterization, Systemic Effect, and Therapeutic Potential of Beta-Sitosterol: A Plant-Derived Orphan Phytosterol. MEDICINES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2016; 3:E29. [PMID: 28930139 PMCID: PMC5456237 DOI: 10.3390/medicines3040029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2016] [Revised: 10/27/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Beta-sitosterol (BS) is a phytosterol, widely distributed throughout the plant kingdom and known to be involved in the stabilization of cell membranes. To compile the sources, physical and chemical properties, spectral and chromatographic analytical methods, synthesis, systemic effects, pharmacokinetics, therapeutic potentials, toxicity, drug delivery and finally, to suggest future research with BS, classical as well as on-line literature were studied. Classical literature includes classical books on ethnomedicine and phytochemistry, and the electronic search included Pubmed, SciFinder, Scopus, the Web of Science, Google Scholar, and others. BS could be obtained from different plants, but the total biosynthetic pathway, as well as its exact physiological and structural function in plants, have not been fully understood. Different pharmacological effects have been studied, but most of the mechanisms of action have not been studied in detail. Clinical trials with BS have shown beneficial effects in different diseases, but long-term study results are not available. These have contributed to its current status as an "orphan phytosterol". Therefore, extensive research regarding its effect at cellular and molecular level in humans as well as addressing the claims made by commercial manufacturers such as the cholesterol lowering ability, immunological activity etc. are highly recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Selim Muhammad Rezaul Karim
- Department of Pharmacy, Daffodil International University, Dhaka-1207, Bangladesh.
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Dhaka, Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh.
| | - Tasnuva Sharmin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Dhaka, Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh.
| | - Mohammed Monzur Morshed
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular, Biology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh.
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27
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Scholz B, Menzel N, Lander V, Engel KH. Heating Two Types of Enriched Margarine: Complementary Analysis of Phytosteryl/Phytostanyl Fatty Acid Esters and Phytosterol/Phytostanol Oxidation Products. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2016; 64:2699-2708. [PMID: 26996218 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.6b00617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Two phytosteryl and/or phytostanyl fatty acid ester-enriched margarines were subjected to common heating procedures. UHPLC-APCI-MS analysis resulted for the first time in comprehensive quantitative data on the decreases of individual phytosteryl/-stanyl fatty acid esters upon heating of enriched foods. These data were complemented by determining the concurrently formed phytosterol/-stanol oxidation products (POPs) via online LC-GC. Microwave-heating led to the least decreases of esters of approximately 5% in both margarines. Oven-heating of the margarine in a casserole caused the greatest decreases, with 68 and 86% esters remaining, respectively; the impact on individual esters was more pronounced with increasing degree of unsaturation of the esterified fatty acids. In the phytosteryl/-stanyl ester-enriched margarine, approximately 20% of the ester losses could be explained by the formation of POPs; in the phytostanyl ester-enriched margarine, the POPs accounted for <1% of the observed ester decreases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birgit Scholz
- Lehrstuhl für Allgemeine Lebensmitteltechnologie, Technische Universität München , Maximus-von-Imhof-Forum 2, D-85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Nicole Menzel
- Lehrstuhl für Allgemeine Lebensmitteltechnologie, Technische Universität München , Maximus-von-Imhof-Forum 2, D-85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Vera Lander
- Bayerisches Landesamt für Gesundheit und Lebensmittelsicherheit , Veterinärstrasse 2, D-85764 Oberschleissheim, Germany
| | - Karl-Heinz Engel
- Lehrstuhl für Allgemeine Lebensmitteltechnologie, Technische Universität München , Maximus-von-Imhof-Forum 2, D-85354 Freising, Germany
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28
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Li W, Zhang R, Guo J, Shao H, Yang X. Protective effect of R. glutinosa oligosaccharides against high l-carnitine diet-induced endothelial dysfunction and hepatic injury in mice. Int J Biol Macromol 2016; 85:285-93. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2015.12.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2015] [Revised: 12/21/2015] [Accepted: 12/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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29
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Barriuso B, Astiasarán I, Ansorena D. Unsaturated lipid matrices protect plant sterols from degradation during heating treatment. Food Chem 2016; 196:451-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.09.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2015] [Revised: 08/20/2015] [Accepted: 09/21/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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30
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Hosseini H, Ghorbani M, Meshginfar N, Mahoonak AS. A Review on Frying: Procedure, Fat, Deterioration Progress and Health Hazards. J AM OIL CHEM SOC 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s11746-016-2791-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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31
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Cao W, Yi L, Ye LH, Cao J, Hu SS, Xu JJ, Peng LQ, Zhu QY, Zhang QY. Application of a highly sensitive magnetic solid phase extraction for phytochemical compounds in medicinal plant and biological fluids by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry. Electrophoresis 2015; 36:2404-12. [PMID: 26084454 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201500151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2015] [Revised: 05/21/2015] [Accepted: 05/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
A highly sensitive method using reduced graphene oxide with iron oxide (rGO/Fe3 O4 ) as the sorbent in magnetic SPE has been developed for the purification of five anthraquinones (emodin, rhein, aloeemodin, physcion, and chrysophanol) in rhubarb and rat urine by ultra-HPLC coupled with quadrupole TOF/MS. The extraction was accomplished by adding trace amount rGO/Fe3 O4 suspension to 200 mL of aqueous mixture, and the excellent adsorption capacity of the nanoparticles was fully demonstrated in this procedure. Under the optimized conditions, the calibration curves were linear in the concentration range of 0.05-27.77 ng/mL with correlation coefficients varying from 0.9902 to 0.9978. The LODs ranged from 0.28 to 58.99 pg/mL. The experimental results indicated that the proposed method was feasible for the analysis of anthraquinones in rhubarb and urine samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan Cao
- College of Material Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Ling Yi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Li-Hong Ye
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou Red Cross Hospital, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Jun Cao
- College of Material Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Shuai-Shuai Hu
- College of Material Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Jing-Jing Xu
- College of Material Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Li-Qing Peng
- College of Material Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Qiong-Yao Zhu
- College of Material Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Qian-Yun Zhang
- College of Material Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, P. R. China
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32
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Luo X, Su P, Zhang W. Advances in Microalgae-Derived Phytosterols for Functional Food and Pharmaceutical Applications. Mar Drugs 2015; 13:4231-54. [PMID: 26184233 PMCID: PMC4515614 DOI: 10.3390/md13074231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2015] [Revised: 06/29/2015] [Accepted: 06/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Microalgae contain a variety of bioactive lipids with potential applications in aquaculture feed, biofuel, food and pharmaceutical industries. While microalgae-derived polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) and their roles in promoting human health have been extensively studied, other lipid types from this resource, such as phytosterols, have been poorly explored. Phytosterols have been used as additives in many food products such as spread, dairy products and salad dressing. This review focuses on the recent advances in microalgae-derived phytosterols with functional bioactivities and their potential applications in functional food and pharmaceutical industries. It highlights the importance of microalgae-derived lipids other than PUFA for the development of an advanced microalgae industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Luo
- Flinders Centre for Marine Bioproducts Development, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA 5042, Australia.
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA 5042, Australia.
| | - Peng Su
- Flinders Centre for Marine Bioproducts Development, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA 5042, Australia.
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA 5042, Australia.
| | - Wei Zhang
- Flinders Centre for Marine Bioproducts Development, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA 5042, Australia.
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA 5042, Australia.
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33
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Laparra JM, Alfonso-García A, Alegría A, Barberá R, Cilla A. 7keto-stigmasterol and 7keto-cholesterol induce differential proteome changes to intestinal epitelial (Caco-2) cells. Food Chem Toxicol 2015; 84:29-36. [PMID: 26140950 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2015.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2015] [Revised: 06/22/2015] [Accepted: 06/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies have expanded the appreciation of the roles of oxysterols triggering inflammatory, immune cytotoxic and apoptotic processes, but have not been considered for proteome analysis. A comparative proteomic study in intestinal epithelial cell cultures incubated (60 μM/24 h) with 7keto-cholesterol or 7keto-stigmasterol was performed. The influence of both compounds was studied following the nLC-TripleTOF analysis. Findings were compared to results for control cultures. In the principal component analysis (PCA) of proteome patterns, two components were extracted accounting for 99.8% of the variance in the protein expression. PCA analysis clearly discriminated between the perturbations in the proteome of cell cultures incubated with 7keto-cholesterol and 7keto-stigmasterol. These proteins participate in mitochondrial function, lipid homeostasis, inflammation and immunity and cell proliferation. Remarkable differences between proteome patterns in cell cultures exposed to 7keto-cholesterol and 7keto-stigmasterol affect macrophage migration inhibitory factor, apolipoprotein E, Bcl-2-associated transcription factor and cellular retinoic acid-binding protein. Besides, exposure to 7keto-stigmasterol increased the concentration of ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2 and the mitochondrial superoxide dismutase protein. Such findings raise new questions about safety studies and the regulatory potential of oxysterols in the differentiation and function of intestinal and associated immune cells, their response to environmental stimuli and impairment of absorption processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Laparra
- Institute of Food Engineering for Development, Politechnical University of Valencia, Avda. Cami de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain.
| | - A Alfonso-García
- Nutrition and Food Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Avda. Vicente Andrés Estellés s/n, Burjassot, 46100 Valencia, Spain
| | - A Alegría
- Nutrition and Food Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Avda. Vicente Andrés Estellés s/n, Burjassot, 46100 Valencia, Spain
| | - R Barberá
- Nutrition and Food Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Avda. Vicente Andrés Estellés s/n, Burjassot, 46100 Valencia, Spain
| | - A Cilla
- Nutrition and Food Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Avda. Vicente Andrés Estellés s/n, Burjassot, 46100 Valencia, Spain
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Leal-Castañeda EJ, Inchingolo R, Cardenia V, Hernandez-Becerra JA, Romani S, Rodriguez-Estrada MT, Galindo HSG. Effect of Microwave Heating on Phytosterol Oxidation. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2015; 63:5539-5547. [PMID: 25973984 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5b00961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The oxidative stability of phytosterols during microwave heating was evaluated. Two different model systems (a solid film made with a phytosterol mixture (PSF) and a liquid mixture of phytosterols and triolein (1:100, PS + TAG (triacylglycerol))) were heated for 1.5, 3, 6, 12, 20, and 30 min at 1000 W. PS degraded faster when they were microwaved alone than in the presence of TAG, following a first-order kinetic model. Up to 6 min, no phytosterol oxidation products (POPs) were generated in both systems. At 12 min of heating, the POP content reached a higher level in PSF (90.96 μg/mg of phytosterols) than in PS + TAG (22.66 μg/mg of phytosterols), but after 30 min of treatment, the opposite trend was observed. 7-Keto derivates were the most abundant POPs in both systems. The extent of phytosterol degradation depends on both the heating time and the surrounding medium, which can impact the quality and safety of the food product destined to microwave heating/cooking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Everth Jimena Leal-Castañeda
- †Unidad de Investigación y Desarrollo de Alimentos, Instituto Tecnológico de Veracruz, M.A. de Quevedo 2779, Colonia Formando Hogar, Veracruz 91897, México
| | - Raffaella Inchingolo
- ‡Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum-Università di Bologna, Viale G. Fanin 40, 40127 Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Josafat Alberto Hernandez-Becerra
- ⊥División de Tecnología de Alimentos, Universidad Tecnológica de Tabasco, Kilómetro 14.6 Carretera Villahermosa-Teapa, Villahermosa, Tabasco 86280, México
| | | | - María Teresa Rodriguez-Estrada
- ‡Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum-Università di Bologna, Viale G. Fanin 40, 40127 Bologna, Italy
| | - Hugo Sergio García Galindo
- †Unidad de Investigación y Desarrollo de Alimentos, Instituto Tecnológico de Veracruz, M.A. de Quevedo 2779, Colonia Formando Hogar, Veracruz 91897, México
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Scholz B, Guth S, Engel KH, Steinberg P. Phytosterol oxidation products in enriched foods: Occurrence, exposure, and biological effects. Mol Nutr Food Res 2015; 59:1339-52. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201400922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2014] [Revised: 03/06/2015] [Accepted: 03/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Birgit Scholz
- Technische Universität München, Chair of General Food Technology; Freising-Weihenstephan Germany
| | - Sabine Guth
- Institute for Food Toxicology and Analytical Chemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover; Foundation Hannover Germany
| | - Karl-Heinz Engel
- Technische Universität München, Chair of General Food Technology; Freising-Weihenstephan Germany
| | - Pablo Steinberg
- Institute for Food Toxicology and Analytical Chemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover; Foundation Hannover Germany
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36
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Weingärtner O, Husche C, Schött HF, Speer T, Böhm M, Miller CM, McCarthy F, Plat J, Lütjohann D, Laufs U. Vascular effects of oxysterols and oxyphytosterols in apoE −/− mice. Atherosclerosis 2015; 240:73-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2015.02.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2014] [Revised: 01/12/2015] [Accepted: 02/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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Scholz B, Wocheslander S, Lander V, Engel KH. On-line liquid chromatography-gas chromatography: A novel approach for the analysis of phytosterol oxidation products in enriched foods. J Chromatogr A 2015; 1396:98-108. [PMID: 25890442 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2015.03.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2015] [Revised: 03/30/2015] [Accepted: 03/31/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
A novel methodology for the automated qualitative and quantitative determination of phytosterol oxidation products in enriched foods via on-line liquid chromatography-gas chromatography (LC-GC) was established. The approach is based on the LC pre-separation of acetylated phytosterols and their corresponding oxides using silica as stationary phase and a mixture of n-hexane/methyl tert-butyl ether/isopropanol as eluent. Two LC-fractions containing (i) 5,6-epoxy- and 7-hydroxyphytosterols, and (ii) 7-ketophytosterols are transferred on-line to the GC for the analysis of their individual compositions on a medium polar trifluoropropylmethyl polysiloxane capillary column. Thus, conventionally employed laborious off-line purification and enrichment steps can be avoided. Validation data, including recovery, repeatability, and reproducibility of the method, were elaborated using an enriched margarine as example. The margarine was subjected to a heating procedure in order to exemplarily monitor the formation of phytosterol oxidation products. Quantification was performed using on-line LC-GC-FID, identification of the analytes was based on on-line LC-GC-MS. The developed approach offers a new possibility for the reliable and fast analysis of phytosterol oxidation products in enriched foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birgit Scholz
- Lehrstuhl für Allgemeine Lebensmitteltechnologie, Technische Universität München, Maximus-von-Imhof-Forum 2, D-85350 Freising, Germany
| | - Stefan Wocheslander
- Lehrstuhl für Allgemeine Lebensmitteltechnologie, Technische Universität München, Maximus-von-Imhof-Forum 2, D-85350 Freising, Germany
| | - Vera Lander
- Bayerisches Landesamt für Gesundheit und Lebensmittelsicherheit, Veterinärstrasse 2, D-85764 Oberschleissheim, Germany
| | - Karl-Heinz Engel
- Lehrstuhl für Allgemeine Lebensmitteltechnologie, Technische Universität München, Maximus-von-Imhof-Forum 2, D-85350 Freising, Germany.
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González-Larena M, Garcia-Llatas G, Clemente G, Barberá R, Lagarda MJ. Plant sterol oxides in functional beverages: influence of matrix and storage. Food Chem 2014; 173:881-9. [PMID: 25466102 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.10.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2014] [Revised: 10/01/2014] [Accepted: 10/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Three plant sterol (PS)-enriched beverages, milk based fruit juice (MFJPS), fruit juice (FJPS) and milk beverage (MPS), were stored at 4, 24, or 37 °C and analysed at regular time intervals of 2 months until 6 months. PS stability was analysed from the production of phytosterol oxidation products (POPs). The β-sitosterol oxides (7α/7β-hydroxy, β/α-epoxy, triol, and 7-keto) and campesterol oxides (β/α-epoxy, and 7-keto) were detected in all beverages and at all storage times and temperatures. Total POP contents followed the order MPS≫FJPS>MFJPS. In general, the beverages showed low PS oxidation levels (<0.17%). Predictive models of POP content versus storage time were established. These models explain total POP content by over 75% and individual POP content by over 50%. We propose 7-ketositosterol and 7-ketocampesterol as PS oxidation markers during storage of beverages of this kind.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina González-Larena
- Nutrition and Food Science Area, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Avda. Vicente Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Guadalupe Garcia-Llatas
- Nutrition and Food Science Area, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Avda. Vicente Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Gonzalo Clemente
- Department of Statistics, Polytechnic University of Valencia, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain.
| | - Reyes Barberá
- Nutrition and Food Science Area, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Avda. Vicente Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain.
| | - María Jesús Lagarda
- Nutrition and Food Science Area, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Avda. Vicente Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain.
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de Azevedo Neta Mahon CPC, Colodel EM, Balogun SO, de Oliveira RG, de Oliveira Martins DT. Toxicological evaluation of the hydroethanolic extract of Dilodendron bipinnatum Radlk. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2014; 155:665-671. [PMID: 24933228 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2014.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2014] [Revised: 05/28/2014] [Accepted: 06/04/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Dilodendron bipinnatum Radlk., Sapindaceae, is popularly known as 'mulher-pobre'. Its stem bark macerate or decoction is popularly used mainly to treat uterine inflammation and bone fractures. Acute oral and subchronic toxicities of the hydroethanolic extract of Dilodendron bipinnatum (HEDb) were investigated as well as the classes of phytochemical present in the extract. MATERIALS AND METHODS Acute toxicity of HEDb was investigated by hippocratic screening in Swiss mice, cytotoxicity and potential genotoxic effect were evaluated with micronucleus test in the CHO-k1cells. Subchronic oral toxicity of HEDb was assessed in Wistar rats with graded doses of HEDb repeatedly administered for 30 days, in order to evaluate the behavioral changes, weight gain, water and feed consumption, urine and feces excretion, hematological and biochemical parameters and histopathological examinations of vital organs. RESULTS In hippocratic screening doses up to 5000 mg/kg p.o. did not cause any changes in female mice, while signs of reduction in motility, increased respiratory rate and tail erection were observed in male mice but were all reversed within an hour. In cytotoxicity assay, IC50 was 118±1.55 µg/mL in CHO-k1 cells. Micronucleus test demonstrated that the plant extract is non-genotoxic. In subchronic toxicity studies, minor change was observed as an increase in the urine output in the last 18 days of treatment with 500 mg/kg of HEDb, while other parameters remained unchanged. All alterations observed were discrete and minor in nature and were not accompanied by any relevant clinical signs or any toxicologically significant biochemical, hematological and histopathological changes. Preliminary phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of aurones, chalcones, coumarins, flavonones, flavononoids, phenols, and saponins. CONCLUSION The results demonstrate high safety profile of HEDb in both experimental animals and cell models assays. However, there may be risk of hepatotoxicity in the use of the extract at high doses for a prolonged period.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Edson Moleta Colodel
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Agronomy and Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Mato Grosso (UFMT) 78060-900, Cuiabá, MT, Brazil
| | - Sikiru Olaitan Balogun
- Departament of Basic Sciences in Health, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Mato Grosso (UFMT) 78060-900, Cuiabá, MT, Brazil
| | - Ruberlei Godinho de Oliveira
- Departament of Basic Sciences in Health, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Mato Grosso (UFMT) 78060-900, Cuiabá, MT, Brazil
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