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Baek UB, Kim HY. Physicochemical Properties of Restructured Black Goat Jerky with Various Types of Ultra-Ground Seaweed Powders. Food Sci Anim Resour 2024; 44:483-497. [PMID: 38764507 PMCID: PMC11097035 DOI: 10.5851/kosfa.2024.e80] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2024] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of ultra-ground seaweed powders (USP) on the physicochemical properties (proximate composition, mineral contents, pH, color, shear force, sensory evaluation, electronic nose, and electronic tongue) of restructured black goat jerky. Restructured black goat jerky was prepared using three different treatments, i.e., 3% (w/w) each of ultra-ground sea tangle (ST; Undaria pinnatifida), sea mustard (SM; Saccharina japonica), and sea string (SS; Gracilaria verrucosa) powders. Moisture and ash contents were significantly higher in the USP-treated group than in the control (p<0.05). Potassium, calcium, and zinc contents were significantly higher in the SM than in the other USP-treated groups (p<0.05). In contrast, pH values were significantly higher in the ST and SM than in the control and SS (p<0.05). CIE L*, CIE a*, CIE b*, and shear force were significantly lower in the USP-treated groups than in the control (p<0.05). Sensory evaluation revealed no significant difference in taste, texture, seaweed-like odor, and goaty flavor (p<0.05). Principal component analysis (PCA) and peak graph analysis of the electronic nose showed that the SS differed the most from the control compared with the other USP-treated groups, owing to the seaweed odor of ultra-ground SS powder. The PCA and ranking analysis of the electronic tongue showed that the umami taste of the SM was higher than that of the control and other USP-treated groups. Therefore, the potassium, calcium, zinc contents, and umami taste of reconstituted black goat jerky were significantly higher in the SM than in the control and other USP-treated groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ui-Bin Baek
- Department of Animal Resources Science,
Kongju National University, Yesan 32439, Korea
| | - Hack-Youn Kim
- Department of Animal Resources Science,
Kongju National University, Yesan 32439, Korea
- Resource Science Research Institute,
Kongju National University, Yesan 32439, Korea
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2
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Zhang X, Zhang Y, Ding J, Wang L, Chen W, Li X, Cui B, Zhao M, Shao Z. Synthesis of Thiophene-Substituted Ketones via Manganese-Catalyzed Dehydrogenative Coupling Reaction. Chem Asian J 2023; 18:e202300725. [PMID: 37789733 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202300725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
This study reports an efficient and green one-step method for synthesizing thiophene-substituted ketones from 2-thiophenemethanol and ketones via dehydrogenative coupling using manganese complexes as catalysts. The manganese complex demonstrated a broad applicability under mild conditions and extended the range of usable substrates. Utilizing this strategy, we carried out an efficient and diverse reaction of ketones with 2-thiophenemethanol, and successfully synthesized a series of thiophene-substituted saturated ketones and α, β-unsaturated ketones in good isolated yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Zhang
- Flavors and Fragrance Engineering & Technology Research Center of Henan Province, College of Tobacco Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, P. R. China
| | - Yujie Zhang
- Technology Center of China Tobacco Hebei Industrial Co., LTD, Shijiazhuang, 050051, P. R. China
| | - Jiaqiao Ding
- Flavors and Fragrance Engineering & Technology Research Center of Henan Province, College of Tobacco Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, P. R. China
| | - Liusheng Wang
- Technology Center of China Tobacco Hebei Industrial Co., LTD, Shijiazhuang, 050051, P. R. China
| | - Weihua Chen
- Technology Center of China Tobacco Hebei Industrial Co., LTD, Shijiazhuang, 050051, P. R. China
| | - Xinyan Li
- Flavors and Fragrance Engineering & Technology Research Center of Henan Province, College of Tobacco Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, P. R. China
| | - Bing Cui
- Flavors and Fragrance Engineering & Technology Research Center of Henan Province, College of Tobacco Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, P. R. China
| | - Mingqin Zhao
- Flavors and Fragrance Engineering & Technology Research Center of Henan Province, College of Tobacco Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, P. R. China
| | - Zhihui Shao
- Flavors and Fragrance Engineering & Technology Research Center of Henan Province, College of Tobacco Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, P. R. China
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Davidsen JM, Cohen SM, Eisenbrand G, Fukushima S, Gooderham NJ, Guengerich FP, Hecht SS, Rietjens IMCM, Rosol TJ, Harman CL, Ramanan D, Taylor SV. FEMA GRAS assessment of natural flavor complexes: Asafetida oil, garlic oil and onion oil. Food Chem Toxicol 2023; 173:113580. [PMID: 36610475 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2022.113580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The Expert Panel of the Flavor and Extract Manufacturers Association (FEMA) applies its procedure for the safety evaluation of natural flavor complexes (NFCs) to re-evaluate the safety of Asafetida Oil (Ferula assa-foetida L.) FEMA 2108, Garlic Oil (Allium sativum L.) FEMA 2503 and Onion Oil (Allium cepa L.) FEMA 2817 for use as flavoring in food. This safety evaluation is part of a series of evaluations of NFCs for use as flavoring ingredients conducted by the Expert Panel that applies a scientific procedure published in 2005 and updated in 2018. Using a group approach that relies on a complete chemical characterization of the NFC intended for commerce, the constituents of each NFC are organized into well-defined congeneric groups and the estimated intake of each constituent congeneric group is evaluated using the conservative threshold of toxicological concern (TTC) concept. Data on the metabolism, genotoxic potential and toxicology for each constituent congeneric group are reviewed as well as studies on each NFC. Based on the safety evaluation, Asafetida Oil (Ferula assa-foetida L.), Garlic Oil (Allium sativum L.) and Onion Oil (Allium cepa L.) were affirmed as generally recognized as safe (GRASa) under their conditions of intended use as flavor ingredients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeanne M Davidsen
- Flavor and Extract Manufacturers Association, 1101 17th Street, N.W., Suite 700, Washington, DC, 20036, USA
| | - Samuel M Cohen
- Havlik Wall Professor of Oncology, Dept. of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 983135 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-3135, USA
| | - Gerhard Eisenbrand
- University of Kaiserslautern, Germany (Retired), Kühler Grund 48/1, 69126, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Shoji Fukushima
- Japan Bioassay Research Center, 2445 Hirasawa, Hadano, Kanagawa, 257-0015, Japan
| | - Nigel J Gooderham
- Dept. of Metabolism, Digestion, Reproduction, Imperial College London, Sir Alexander Fleming Building, London, SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - F Peter Guengerich
- Dept. of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, 37232-0146, USA
| | - Stephen S Hecht
- Masonic Cancer Center and Dept. of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Cancer and Cardiovascular Research Building, 2231 6th St., S.E, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Ivonne M C M Rietjens
- Division of Toxicology, Wageningen University, Stippeneng 4, 6708, WE Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Thomas J Rosol
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, 1 Ohio University, Athens, OH, 45701, USA
| | - Christie L Harman
- Flavor and Extract Manufacturers Association, 1101 17th Street, N.W., Suite 700, Washington, DC, 20036, USA
| | - Danarubini Ramanan
- Flavor and Extract Manufacturers Association, 1101 17th Street, N.W., Suite 700, Washington, DC, 20036, USA
| | - Sean V Taylor
- Flavor and Extract Manufacturers Association, 1101 17th Street, N.W., Suite 700, Washington, DC, 20036, USA.
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Takasu S, Ishii Y, Namiki M, Nakamura K, Mitsumoto T, Takimoto N, Nohmi T, Ogawa K. Comprehensive analysis of the general toxicity, genotoxicity, and carcinogenicity of 3-acetyl-2,5-dimethylfuran in male gpt delta rats. Food Chem Toxicol 2023; 172:113544. [PMID: 36464108 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2022.113544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
The safety of flavoring agents has been evaluated according to classification by chemical structure and using a decision tree approach. The genotoxic potential found in some flavoring agents has highlighted the importance of efficient toxicity studies. We performed a comprehensive toxicity analysis using reporter gene transgenic rats to assess the safety of 3-acetyl-2,5-dimethylfuran (ADF), a flavoring agent exhibiting genotoxic potential in silico and in vitro assays. Male F344 gpt delta rats were given 0, 30, or 300 mg/kg body weight/day ADF by gavage for 13 weeks. In serum biochemistry analyses, triglyceride, total cholesterol, phospholipid, and total protein levels and albumin/globulin ratios were significantly altered in the 30 and 300 mg/kg groups. Histopathologically, nasal cavity toxicity and hepatocellular hypertrophy were observed in the 300 mg/kg group. In the livers of 300 mg/kg group, a significant increase in gpt mutant frequencies were observed along with ADF-specific DNA adduct formation. The number and area of glutathione S-transferase placental form-positive foci were significantly increased in the same group. Thus, ADF affected nasal cavity, liver, and lipid metabolism and showed genotoxicity and possible carcinogenicity in the liver. Overall, our comprehensive toxicity study using gpt delta rats provided insights into the safety evaluation of ADF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinji Takasu
- Division of Pathology, National Institute of Health Sciences, 3-25-26 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki-shi, Kanagawa, 210-9501, Japan
| | - Yuji Ishii
- Division of Pathology, National Institute of Health Sciences, 3-25-26 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki-shi, Kanagawa, 210-9501, Japan.
| | - Moeka Namiki
- Division of Pathology, National Institute of Health Sciences, 3-25-26 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki-shi, Kanagawa, 210-9501, Japan
| | - Kenji Nakamura
- Division of Pathology, National Institute of Health Sciences, 3-25-26 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki-shi, Kanagawa, 210-9501, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Mitsumoto
- Division of Pathology, National Institute of Health Sciences, 3-25-26 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki-shi, Kanagawa, 210-9501, Japan
| | - Norifumi Takimoto
- Division of Pathology, National Institute of Health Sciences, 3-25-26 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki-shi, Kanagawa, 210-9501, Japan; Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan
| | - Takehiko Nohmi
- Division of Pathology, National Institute of Health Sciences, 3-25-26 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki-shi, Kanagawa, 210-9501, Japan
| | - Kumiko Ogawa
- Division of Pathology, National Institute of Health Sciences, 3-25-26 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki-shi, Kanagawa, 210-9501, Japan
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Wang Y, Liu T, Chen F, Wang X, Zhang F. Determination of exogenous prohibited flavour compounds added in coffee using gas chromatography triple quadrupole tandem massspectrometry and gas chromatography/combustion/isotope ratio mass spectrometry. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2020; 37:2011-2022. [PMID: 33151806 DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2020.1831081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
An analytical method based on gas chromatography coupled to triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS) was developed for the simultaneous determination of exogenous prohibited flavour compounds in coffee samples. In addition, gas chromatography/combustion/isotope ratio mass spectrometry (GC/C/IRMS) was developed to determine the origin of the founded prohibited flavour compound, N-methylpyrrole-2-carboxaldehyde (NMPCA). The good selectivity and sensitivity achieved in multiple reactions monitoring (MRM) mode allowed satisfactory confirmation and quantitation for the flavour compounds. The limits of detection (LODs) and limits of quantitation (LOQs) of these compounds were in the range of 0.0005-5.0 µg/kg and 0.002-16.0 µg/kg, respectively. The coffee samples were extracted with simultaneous distillation extraction (SDE) and NMPCA was analysed on a GC/C/IRMS system. The δ13C values of endogenous NMPCA in coffee beans were within a range of -35.0‰ to -31.1‰, whereas exogenous NMPCA was the range from -27.9‰ to -23.9‰. The validation results revealed that the GC-MS/MS method was sensitive and reliable, and the origin of NMPCA can be distinguished by GC/C/IRMS. Finally, this method was successfully applied to coffee samples analysis and NMPCA was found in coffee samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujiao Wang
- Institute of Food Safety, Chinese Academy of Inspection & Quarantine , Beijing, China.,School of Bioengineering, Tianjin University of Science & Technology , Tianjin, China
| | - Tong Liu
- Institute of Food Safety, Chinese Academy of Inspection & Quarantine , Beijing, China
| | - Fengming Chen
- Institute of Food Safety, Chinese Academy of Inspection & Quarantine , Beijing, China
| | - Xiujuan Wang
- Institute of Food Safety, Chinese Academy of Inspection & Quarantine , Beijing, China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Institute of Food Safety, Chinese Academy of Inspection & Quarantine , Beijing, China
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Gooderham NJ, Cohen SM, Eisenbrand G, Fukushima S, Guengerich FP, Hecht SS, Rietjens IMCM, Rosol TJ, Bastaki M, Linman MJ, Taylor SV. The safety evaluation of food flavoring substances: the role of genotoxicity studies. Crit Rev Toxicol 2020; 50:1-27. [PMID: 32162576 DOI: 10.1080/10408444.2020.1712589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The Flavor and Extract Manufacturers Association (FEMA) Expert Panel relies on the weight of evidence from all available data in the safety evaluation of flavoring substances. This process includes data from genotoxicity studies designed to assess the potential of a chemical agent to react with DNA or otherwise cause changes to DNA, either in vitro or in vivo. The Panel has reviewed a large number of in vitro and in vivo genotoxicity studies during the course of its ongoing safety evaluations of flavorings. The adherence of genotoxicity studies to standardized protocols and guidelines, the biological relevance of the results from those studies, and the human relevance of these studies are all important considerations in assessing whether the results raise specific concerns for genotoxic potential. The Panel evaluates genotoxicity studies not only for evidence of genotoxicity hazard, but also for the probability of risk to the consumer in the context of exposure from their use as flavoring substances. The majority of flavoring substances have given no indication of genotoxic potential in studies evaluated by the FEMA Expert Panel. Examples illustrating the assessment of genotoxicity data for flavoring substances and the consideration of the factors noted above are provided. The weight of evidence approach adopted by the FEMA Expert Panel leads to a rational assessment of risk associated with consumer intake of flavoring substances under the conditions of use.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Samuel M Cohen
- Havlik-Wall Professor of Oncology, Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Gerhard Eisenbrand
- Food Chemistry & Toxicology, University of Kaiserslautern (retired), Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - F Peter Guengerich
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Stephen S Hecht
- Masonic Cancer Center and Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | | | - Thomas J Rosol
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
| | - Maria Bastaki
- Flavor and Extract Manufacturers Association, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Matthew J Linman
- Flavor and Extract Manufacturers Association, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Sean V Taylor
- Flavor and Extract Manufacturers Association, Washington, DC, USA
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7
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Experimental and theoretical studies of the schiff base (Z)-1-(thiophen-2-yl- methyleneamino) propane-2-ol. J Mol Struct 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2019.127104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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8
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Comprehensive Chemical Profiling in the Ethanol Extract of Pluchea indica Aerial Parts by Liquid Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry Analysis of Its Silica Gel Column Chromatography Fractions. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24152784. [PMID: 31370202 PMCID: PMC6696005 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24152784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Revised: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Pluchea indica Less. is a medicine and food dual-use plant, which belongs to the Pluchea genus, Asteraceae family. Its main constituents are quinic acids, flavonoids, thiophenes, phenolic acids, as well as sesquiterpenes. In order to provide a comprehensive chemical profiling of P. indica, an orthogonal chromatography combining reverse-phase chromatography BEHC18 column with a normal-phase chromatography silica column as the separation system and a ESI-Q-Orbitrap MS as the detector in both positive and negative ion modes were used. According to the retention time (tR) and the exact mass-to-charge ratio (m/z), 67 compounds were unambiguously identified by comparing to the standard references. Moreover, 47 compounds were tentatively speculated on the basis of the rules of MS/MS fragmentation pattern and chromatographic elution order generalized from the above-mentioned reference standards. Among them, 10 of them were potentially novel.
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Cuparencu C, Rinnan Å, Dragsted LO. Combined Markers to Assess Meat Intake-Human Metabolomic Studies of Discovery and Validation. Mol Nutr Food Res 2019; 63:e1900106. [PMID: 31141834 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201900106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Revised: 04/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
SCOPE Biomarkers of red meat may clarify the relationship between meat intake and health. This paper explores the discovery of biomarkers of intake for three types of meat with varying heme iron content. Candidate biomarkers for red and general meat are further evaluated based on defined validation criteria. METHODS AND RESULTS In a randomized cross-over meal study, healthy volunteers consume a randomized sequence of four test meals: chicken, pork, beef, and a control made of egg white and pea. Fasting and postprandial urine samples are collected to cover 48 h and profiled by untargeted LC-ESI-qTOF-MS metabolomics. The profiles following the meal challenges are explored by univariate and multivariate analyses. Nine red, four white, and eight general meat biomarkers are selected as putative biomarkers, originating from collagen degradation, flavour compounds, and amino acid metabolism. Heme-related metabolites are masked by the chlorophyll content of the control meal. The candidate biomarkers are confirmed in an independent meal study and validated for plausibility, robustness, time-response, and prediction performance. Combinations of biomarkers are more efficient than single markers in predicting meat intake. CONCLUSION New combinations of partially validated biomarkers are proposed to assess terrestrial meat intake and thus help disentangle the effects of meat consumption on human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cătălina Cuparencu
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, 1958, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Åsmund Rinnan
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, 1958, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Lars O Dragsted
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, 1958, Frederiksberg, Denmark
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SB-83, a 2-Amino-thiophene derivative orally bioavailable candidate for the leishmaniasis treatment. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 108:1670-1678. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Revised: 09/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
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11
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Abu-Laban M, Kumal RR, Casey J, Becca J, LaMaster D, Pacheco CN, Sykes DG, Jensen L, Haber LH, Hayes DJ. Comparison of thermally actuated retro-diels-alder release groups for nanoparticle based nucleic acid delivery. J Colloid Interface Sci 2018; 526:312-321. [PMID: 29751265 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2018.04.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2018] [Revised: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The present study explores alternate pericyclic chemistries for tethering amine-terminal biomolecules onto silver nanoparticles. Employing the versatile tool of the retro-Diels-Alder (rDA) reaction, three thermally-labile cycloadducts are constructed that cleave at variable temperature ranges. While the reaction between furan and maleimide has widely been reported, the current study also evaluates the reverse reaction kinetics between thiophene-maleimide, and pyrrole-maleimide cycloadducts. Density Functional Theorem (DFT) calculations used to model and plan the experiments, predict energy barriers for the thiophene-maleimide reverse reaction to be greatest, and the pyrrole-maleimide barriers the lowest. Based on the computational analyses, it is projected that the cycloreversion rate would occur slowest with the thiophene, followed by furan, and finally pyrrole would yield the promptest release. These thermally-responsive linkers, characterized by Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry, 1H and 13C NMR, are thiol-linked to silver nanoparticles and conjugate single stranded siRNA mimics with 5' fluorescein tag. Second harmonic generation spectroscopy (SHG) and fluorescence spectroscopy are used to measure release and rate of release. The SHG decay constants and fluorescence release profiles obtained for the three rDA reactions confirm the trends obtained from the DFT computations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Abu-Laban
- The Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, United States.
| | - Raju R Kumal
- The Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, United States.
| | - Jonathan Casey
- The Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, United States.
| | - Jeff Becca
- The Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, United States.
| | - Daniel LaMaster
- The Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, United States.
| | - Carlos N Pacheco
- The Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, United States; The NMR Facility, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, United States.
| | - Dan G Sykes
- The Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, United States.
| | - Lasse Jensen
- The Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, United States.
| | - Louis H Haber
- The Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, United States.
| | - Daniel J Hayes
- The Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, United States; Materials Research Institute, Materials Characterization Lab, Millennium Science Complex, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, United States; The Huck Institute of the Life Sciences, Millennium Science Complex, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, United States.
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12
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Sadiq F, Zhao J, Hussain M, Wang Z. Effect of thiophene substitution on the intersystem crossing of arene photosensitizers. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2018; 17:1794-1803. [DOI: 10.1039/c8pp00230d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Thiophene substitution gives energy level-matched S1/T2 states and the ISC is enhanced, which was not observed with phenyl substitution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farhan Sadiq
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Dalian University of Technology
- Dalian 116024
- P. R. China
| | - Jianzhang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Dalian University of Technology
- Dalian 116024
- P. R. China
| | - Mushraf Hussain
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Dalian University of Technology
- Dalian 116024
- P. R. China
| | - Zhijia Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Dalian University of Technology
- Dalian 116024
- P. R. China
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13
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Dang NL, Hughes TB, Miller GP, Swamidass SJ. Computational Approach to Structural Alerts: Furans, Phenols, Nitroaromatics, and Thiophenes. Chem Res Toxicol 2017; 30:1046-1059. [PMID: 28256829 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.6b00336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Structural alerts are commonly used in drug discovery to identify molecules likely to form reactive metabolites and thereby become toxic. Unfortunately, as useful as structural alerts are, they do not effectively model if, when, and why metabolism renders safe molecules toxic. Toxicity due to a specific structural alert is highly conditional, depending on the metabolism of the alert, the reactivity of its metabolites, dosage, and competing detoxification pathways. A systems approach, which explicitly models these pathways, could more effectively assess the toxicity risk of drug candidates. In this study, we demonstrated that mathematical models of P450 metabolism can predict the context-specific probability that a structural alert will be bioactivated in a given molecule. This study focuses on the furan, phenol, nitroaromatic, and thiophene alerts. Each of these structural alerts can produce reactive metabolites through certain metabolic pathways but not always. We tested whether our metabolism modeling approach, XenoSite, can predict when a given molecule's alerts will be bioactivated. Specifically, we used models of epoxidation, quinone formation, reduction, and sulfur-oxidation to predict the bioactivation of furan-, phenol-, nitroaromatic-, and thiophene-containing drugs. Our models separated bioactivated and not-bioactivated furan-, phenol-, nitroaromatic-, and thiophene-containing drugs with AUC performances of 100%, 73%, 93%, and 88%, respectively. Metabolism models accurately predict whether alerts are bioactivated and thus serve as a practical approach to improve the interpretability and usefulness of structural alerts. We expect that this same computational approach can be extended to most other structural alerts and later integrated into toxicity risk models. This advance is one necessary step toward our long-term goal of building comprehensive metabolic models of bioactivation and detoxification to guide assessment and design of new therapeutic molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Le Dang
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine , Campus Box 8118, 660 S. Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
| | - Tyler B Hughes
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine , Campus Box 8118, 660 S. Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
| | - Grover P Miller
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences , Little Rock, Arkansas 72205, United States
| | - S Joshua Swamidass
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine , Campus Box 8118, 660 S. Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
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