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Sun W, Shahrajabian MH. Therapeutic Potential of Phenolic Compounds in Medicinal Plants-Natural Health Products for Human Health. Molecules 2023; 28:1845. [PMID: 36838831 PMCID: PMC9960276 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28041845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Phenolic compounds and flavonoids are potential substitutes for bioactive agents in pharmaceutical and medicinal sections to promote human health and prevent and cure different diseases. The most common flavonoids found in nature are anthocyanins, flavones, flavanones, flavonols, flavanonols, isoflavones, and other sub-classes. The impacts of plant flavonoids and other phenolics on human health promoting and diseases curing and preventing are antioxidant effects, antibacterial impacts, cardioprotective effects, anticancer impacts, immune system promoting, anti-inflammatory effects, and skin protective effects from UV radiation. This work aims to provide an overview of phenolic compounds and flavonoids as potential and important sources of pharmaceutical and medical application according to recently published studies, as well as some interesting directions for future research. The keyword searches for flavonoids, phenolics, isoflavones, tannins, coumarins, lignans, quinones, xanthones, curcuminoids, stilbenes, cucurmin, phenylethanoids, and secoiridoids medicinal plant were performed by using Web of Science, Scopus, Google scholar, and PubMed. Phenolic acids contain a carboxylic acid group in addition to the basic phenolic structure and are mainly divided into hydroxybenzoic and hydroxycinnamic acids. Hydroxybenzoic acids are based on a C6-C1 skeleton and are often found bound to small organic acids, glycosyl moieties, or cell structural components. Common hydroxybenzoic acids include gallic, syringic, protocatechuic, p-hydroxybenzoic, vanillic, gentistic, and salicylic acids. Hydroxycinnamic acids are based on a C6-C3 skeleton and are also often bound to other molecules such as quinic acid and glucose. The main hydroxycinnamic acids are caffeic, p-coumaric, ferulic, and sinapic acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenli Sun
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-13-4260-83836
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Lv SY, He S, Ling XL, Wang YQ, Huang C, Long JR, Wang JQ, Qin Y, Wei H, Yu CY. Review of lipoic acid: From a clinical therapeutic agent to various emerging biomaterials. Int J Pharm 2022; 627:122201. [PMID: 36115465 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2022.122201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Revised: 08/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Lipoic acid (LA), an endogenous small molecule in organisms, has been extensively used for the highly efficient clinical treatment of malignant diseases, which include diabetes, Alzheimer's disease, and cancer over the past seven decades. Tremendous progresses have been made on the use of LA in nanomedicine for the development of various biomaterials because of its unique biological properties and highly adaptable structure since the first discovery. However, there are few reviews thus far, to our knowledge, summarizing this hot subject of research of LA and its derived biomaterials. For this purpose, we present herein the first comprehensive summary on the design and development of LA and its derived materials for biomedical applications. This review first discusses the therapeutic use of LA followed by the description of synthesis and preclinical study of LA-derived-small molecules. The applications of various LA and poly (lipoic acid) (PLA)-derived-biomaterials are next summarized in detail with an emphasis on the use of LA for the design of biomaterials and the diverse properties. This review describes the development of LA from a clinical therapeutic agent to a building unit of various biomaterials field, which will promote the further discovery of new therapeutic uses of LA as therapeutic agents and facile development of LA-based derivates with greater performance for biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shao-Yang Lv
- Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Institute of Pharmacy & Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Suisui He
- Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Institute of Pharmacy & Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Xiao-Li Ling
- Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Institute of Pharmacy & Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Yue-Qin Wang
- Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Institute of Pharmacy & Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Cong Huang
- Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Institute of Pharmacy & Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Jin-Rong Long
- Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Institute of Pharmacy & Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Jia-Qi Wang
- Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Institute of Pharmacy & Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Yang Qin
- Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Institute of Pharmacy & Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Hua Wei
- Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Institute of Pharmacy & Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China.
| | - Cui-Yun Yu
- Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Institute of Pharmacy & Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China.
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Sakthivel KM, Vishnupriya S, Priya Dharshini LC, Rasmi RR, Ramesh B. Modulation of multiple cellular signalling pathways as targets for anti-inflammatory and anti-tumorigenesis action of Scopoletin. J Pharm Pharmacol 2021; 74:147-161. [PMID: 33847360 DOI: 10.1093/jpp/rgab047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Scopoletin (6-methoxy-7-hydroxycoumarin) is a naturally occurring coumarin belonging to the category of secondary metabolites. Coumarins are commonly found in several herbs and play a prominent role in the defense mechanism of plants. Beneficial effects of scopoletin including antioxidant, anti-diabetic, hepatoprotective, neuroprotective and anti-microbial activity induced via numerous intracellular signalling mechanisms have been widely studied. However, anti-inflammation and anti-tumorigenesis properties of scopoletin are not well documented in the literature. Therefore, the primary focus of the present review was to highlight the plethora of research pertaining to the signalling mechanisms associated with the prevention of the progression of disease condition by scopoletin. KEY FINDINGS Multiple signalling pathways like nuclear erythroid factor-2 (NEF2)-related factor-2 (NRF-2), apoptosis/p53 signalling, nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signalling, autophagy signalling, hypoxia signalling, signal transducer and activator of transcription-3 (STAT3) signalling, Wnt-β signalling, Notch signalling are coupled with the anti-inflammation and anti-tumorigenesis potential of scopoletin. SUMMARY Understanding crucial targets in these molecular signalling pathways may support the role of scopoletin as a promising naturally derived bioactive compound for the treatment of several diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Selvaraj Vishnupriya
- Department of Biotechnology, PSG College of Arts & Science, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Rajan Radha Rasmi
- Department of Biotechnology, PSG College of Arts & Science, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Balasubramanian Ramesh
- Department of Biochemistry, PSG College of Arts & Science, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
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Sandhir R, Khurana M, Singhal NK. Potential benefits of phytochemicals from Azadirachta indica against neurological disorders. Neurochem Int 2021; 146:105023. [PMID: 33753160 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2021.105023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Azadirachta indica or Neem has been extensively used in the Indian traditional medical system because of its broad range of medicinal properties. Neem contains many chemically diverse and structurally complex phytochemicals such as limonoids, flavonoids, phenols, catechins, gallic acid, polyphenols, nimbins. These phytochemicals possess vast array of therapeutic activities that include anti-feedant, anti-viral, anti-malarial, anti-bacterial, anti-cancer properties. In recent years, many phytochemicals from Neem have been shown to be beneficial against various neurological disorders like Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease, mood disorders, ischemic-reperfusion injury. The neuroprotective effects of the phytochemicals from Neem are primarily mediated by their anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic activities along with their ability to modulate signaling pathways. However, extensive studies are still required to fully understand the molecular mechanisms involved in neuropotective effects of phytochemicals from Neem. This review is an attempt to cover the neuroprotective properties of various phytochemicals from Neem along with their mechanism of action so that the potential of the compounds could be realized to reduce the burden of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajat Sandhir
- Department of Biochemistry, Basic Medical Science Block-II, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India.
| | - Mehak Khurana
- Department of Biochemistry, Basic Medical Science Block-II, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India
| | - Nitin Kumar Singhal
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI) Sector-81 (Knowledge City), PO Manauli, S.A.S. Nagar, Mohali, 140306, Punjab, India
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Saliu IO, Bhagat R, Ojo OB, Akinmoladun AC, Olaleye MT, Seth P, Rema V. Reduction of anoxia-induced bioenergetic disturbance in astrocytes by methanol fruit extract of Tetrapleura tetraptera and in silico evaluation of the effect of its antioxidative constituents on excitotoxicity. Toxicol Rep 2021; 8:264-276. [PMID: 33552925 PMCID: PMC7848610 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2021.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress and excitotoxicity are some of the pathophysiological abnormalities in hypoxia-induced brain injury. This study evaluated the intrinsic antioxidant property of methanol fruit extract of Tetrapleura tetraptera (TT), traditionally used for managing brain diseases such as cerebral infarction in West Africa, and its ability to protect primary astrocytes from anoxia-induced cell death. The effect of the phytochemicals present in TT on excitotoxicity was assessed in silico, through docking with human glutamate synthetase (hGS). Chromatographic and spectrophotometric analyses of TT were performed. Primary astrocytes derived from neural stem cells were treated with TT and its effect on astrocyte viability was assessed. TT-treated astrocytes were then subjected to anoxic insult and, cell viability and mitochondrial membrane potential were evaluated. Molecular docking of hGS with detected phytochemicals in TT (aridanin, naringenin, ferulic acid, and scopoletin) was performed and the number of interactions with the lead compounds, aridanin, analyzed. HPLC-DAD analysis of TT revealed the presence of various bioactive phytochemicals. TT demonstrated notable antioxidant and radical scavenging activities. TT also protected astrocytes from anoxic insult by restoring cell viability and preventing alteration to mitochondrial membrane integrity. Aridanin, naringenin, ferulic acid, and scopoletin demonstrated good binding affinities with hGS indicating that Tetrapleura tetraptera is a potential source of new plant-based bioactives relevant in the therapy of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim Olabayode Saliu
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Sciences, The Federal University of Technology, Akure, 340001, Nigeria.,Department of System and Cognitive Neuroscience, National Brain Research Center (NBRC), Manesar, Haryana, 122052, India
| | - Reshma Bhagat
- Neurovirology Section, Department of Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, National Brain Research Centre (NBRC), Manesar, Haryana, 122052, India
| | - Olubukola Benedicta Ojo
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Sciences, The Federal University of Technology, Akure, 340001, Nigeria
| | - Afolabi C Akinmoladun
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Sciences, The Federal University of Technology, Akure, 340001, Nigeria
| | - M Tolulope Olaleye
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Sciences, The Federal University of Technology, Akure, 340001, Nigeria
| | - Pankaj Seth
- Neurovirology Section, Department of Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, National Brain Research Centre (NBRC), Manesar, Haryana, 122052, India
| | - Velayudhan Rema
- Department of System and Cognitive Neuroscience, National Brain Research Center (NBRC), Manesar, Haryana, 122052, India
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Saliu IO, Amoo ZA, Khan MF, Olaleye MT, Rema V, Akinmoladun AC. Abatement of neurobehavioral and neurochemical dysfunctions in cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury by Tetrapleura tetraptera fruit extract. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 264:113284. [PMID: 32841692 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Tetrapleura tetraptera Taub. (family Fabaceae), is generally found in the lowland forest of tropical Africa. Its leaves and fruits are traditionally used in West Africa for the management of brain disorders. AIM OF THE STUDY This study evaluated the effect of Tetrapleura tetraptera methanol fruit extract (TT) on bilateral common carotid artery occlusion-induced cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury in male Wistar rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS Rats pretreated with TT for 7 days before a 30 min bilateral common carotid artery occlusion and reperfusion for 24 h were assessed for neurobehavioural deficits. Cortical, striatal and hippocampal oxidative stress, pro-inflammatory events, electrolyte imbalance and neurochemical dysfunctions, as well as hippocampal histopathological alterations, were also evaluated. HPLC-DAD analysis was performed to identify likely compounds contributing to the bioactivity of the extract. RESULTS TT reduced I/R-induced behavioral deficits and ameliorated I/R-induced oxidative stress by restoring reduced glutathione level, increasing catalase and superoxide dismutase activities, and also reducing both lipid peroxidation and xanthine oxidase activity in the brain. TT attenuated I/R-increased myeloperoxidase and lactate dehydrogenase activities as well as disturbances in Na+ and K+ levels. Alterations elicited by I/R in the activities of Na+/K+ ATPase, complex I, glutamine synthetase, acetylcholinesterase, and dopamine metabolism were abated by TT pretreatment. TT prevented I/R-induced histological changes in the hippocampus. HPLC-DAD analysis revealed the presence of aridanin, a marker compound for Tetrapleura tetraptera, and other phytochemicals. CONCLUSIONS These findings indicate that Tetrapleura tetraptera fruit has a protective potential against stroke through modulation of redox and electrolyte imbalances, and attenuation of neurotransmitter dysregulation and other neurochemical dysfunctions. Tetrapleura tetraptera fruit could be a promising source for the discovery of bioactives for stroke therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim Olabayode Saliu
- Phytomedicine, Biochemical Pharmacology and Toxicology Research Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry, School of Sciences, The Federal University of Technology, Akure 340001, Nigeria; Department of System Neuroscience, National Brain Research Centre, Manesar 122052, Haryana, India
| | - Zainab Abiola Amoo
- Phytomedicine, Biochemical Pharmacology and Toxicology Research Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry, School of Sciences, The Federal University of Technology, Akure 340001, Nigeria
| | - Mohammad Faheem Khan
- Department of Biotechnology, Era's Lucknow Medical College, Era University, Hardoi Road, Lucknow, 226003, UP, India
| | - M Tolulope Olaleye
- Phytomedicine, Biochemical Pharmacology and Toxicology Research Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry, School of Sciences, The Federal University of Technology, Akure 340001, Nigeria
| | - Velayudhan Rema
- Department of System Neuroscience, National Brain Research Centre, Manesar 122052, Haryana, India
| | - Afolabi C Akinmoladun
- Phytomedicine, Biochemical Pharmacology and Toxicology Research Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry, School of Sciences, The Federal University of Technology, Akure 340001, Nigeria.
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Parrella E, Gussago C, Porrini V, Benarese M, Pizzi M. From Preclinical Stroke Models to Humans: Polyphenols in the Prevention and Treatment of Stroke. Nutrients 2020; 13:nu13010085. [PMID: 33383852 PMCID: PMC7823436 DOI: 10.3390/nu13010085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Polyphenols are an important family of molecules of vegetal origin present in many medicinal and edible plants, which represent important alimentary sources in the human diet. Polyphenols are known for their beneficial health effects and have been investigated for their potential protective role against various pathologies, including cancer, brain dysfunctions, cardiovascular diseases and stroke. The prevention of stroke promoted by polyphenols relies mainly on their effect on cardio- and cerebrovascular systems. However, a growing body of evidence from preclinical models of stroke points out a neuroprotective role of these molecules. Notably, in many preclinical studies, the polyphenolic compounds were effective also when administered after the stroke onset, suggesting their possible use in promoting recovery of patients suffering from stroke. Here, we review the effects of the major polyphenols in cellular and in vivo models of both ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke in immature and adult brains. The results from human studies are also reported.
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Uppakara K, Jamornwan S, Duan LX, Yue KR, Sunrat C, Dent EW, Wan SB, Saengsawang W. Novel α-Lipoic Acid/3- n-Butylphthalide Conjugate Enhances Protective Effects against Oxidative Stress and 6-OHDA Induced Neuronal Damage. ACS Chem Neurosci 2020; 11:1634-1642. [PMID: 32374999 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.0c00105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases are irreversible conditions that result in progressive degeneration and death of nerve cells. Although the underlying mechanisms may vary, oxidative stress is considered to be one of the major causes of neuronal loss. Importantly, there are still no comprehensive treatments to completely cure these diseases. Therefore, protecting neurons from oxidative damage may be the most effective therapeutic strategy. Here we report a neuroprotective effects of a novel hybrid compound (dlx-23), obtained by conjugating α-lipoic acid (ALA), a natural antioxidant agent, and 3-n-butylphthalide (NBP), a clinical anti-ischemic drug. Dlx-23 protected against neuronal death induced by both H2O2 induced oxidative stress in Cath.-a-differentiated (CAD) cells and 6-OHDA, a toxin model of Parkinson's disease (PD) in SH-SY5Y cells. These activities proved to be more potent than the parent compound (ALA) alone. Dlx-23 scavenged free radicals, increased glutathione levels, and prevented mitochondria damage. In addition, live imaging of primary cortical neurons demonstrated that dlx-23 protected against neuronal growth cone damage induced by H2O2. Taken together these results suggest that dlx-23 has substantial potential to be further developed into a novel neuroprotective agent against oxidative damage and toxin induced neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwanchanok Uppakara
- Toxicology Graduate Program; Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Sopana Jamornwan
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Liang-xing Duan
- Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology; School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Kai-rui Yue
- Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology; School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Chotchanit Sunrat
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Erik W Dent
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States
| | - Sheng-biao Wan
- Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology; School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Witchuda Saengsawang
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
- Center for Neuroscience, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
- Excellent Center for Drug Discovery (ECDD), Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
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Jayaraj P, Shavi GV, Srinivasan AK, Raghavendra R, Sivaramakrishna A, Desikan R. A pre-formulation strategy for the liposome encapsulation of new thioctic acid conjugates for enhanced chemical stability and use as an efficient drug carrier for MPO-mediated atherosclerotic CVD treatment. NEW J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/c9nj05258e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Lipoyl-apocynin and lipoyl-sesamol are bio-active conjugates of thioctic acid, synthesized using a benign chemical approachviathe combination of thioctic acid and the powerful bio-phytonutrients, apocynin and sesamol, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Premkumar Jayaraj
- Department of Chemistry
- School of Advanced Sciences
- Vellore Institute of Technology
- Vellore
- India
| | - Gopal Venkatesh Shavi
- South Easter Applied Material Research Centre
- Waterford Institute of Technology
- Ireland
| | | | - Ramesh Raghavendra
- South Easter Applied Material Research Centre
- Waterford Institute of Technology
- Ireland
| | - Akella Sivaramakrishna
- Department of Chemistry
- School of Advanced Sciences
- Vellore Institute of Technology
- Vellore
- India
| | - Rajagopal Desikan
- Department of Chemistry
- School of Advanced Sciences
- Vellore Institute of Technology
- Vellore
- India
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Zhang F, Zhang Y, Yang T, Ye ZQ, Tian J, Fang HR, Han JJ, Wang ZZ, Li X. Scopoletin Suppresses Activation of Dendritic Cells and Pathogenesis of Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis by Inhibiting NF-κB Signaling. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:863. [PMID: 31427972 PMCID: PMC6688631 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Scopoletin, a phenolic coumarin derived from many medical or edible plants, is involved in various pharmacological functions. In the present study, we showed that Scopoletin effectively ameliorated experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), an animal model of multiple sclerosis (MS), through novel regulatory mechanisms involving inhibition of NF-κB activity in dendritic cells (DCs). Scopoletin treatment significantly improved the severity of the disease and prominently decreased inflammation and demyelination of central nervous system (CNS) in EAE mice. Disease alleviation correlated with the downregulation of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II, CD80 and CD86, expressed on DCs of CNS or spleens, and the infiltration and polarization of encephalitogenic Th1/Th17 cells. Consistent with the in vivo data, Scopoletin-treated, bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BM-DCs) exhibited reduced expression of MHC class II and costimulatory molecules (e.g., CD80 and CD86) and reduced NF-κB phosphorylation. These findings, for the first time, demonstrated the ability of Scopoletin to impair DC activation, downregulating pathogenic Th1/Th17 inflammatory cell responses and, eventually, reducing EAE severity. Our study demonstrates new evidence that natural products derived from medical or edible plants, such as Scopoletin, will be valuable in developing a novel therapeutic agent for MS in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest China, The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest China, The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ting Yang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest China, The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ze-Qing Ye
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest China, The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jing Tian
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest China, The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Hai-Rong Fang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest China, The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Juan-Juan Han
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest China, The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhe-Zhi Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest China, The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xing Li
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest China, The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
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Li Y, Guo S, Liu W, Jin T, Li X, He X, Zhang X, Su H, Zhang N, Duan C. Silencing of SNHG12 Enhanced the Effectiveness of MSCs in Alleviating Ischemia/Reperfusion Injuries via the PI3K/AKT/mTOR Signaling Pathway. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:645. [PMID: 31293373 PMCID: PMC6603177 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.00645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have reported that the long non-coding RNA SNHG12 (lncRNA SNHG12) plays a critical role in regulating the function of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs); however, the effect of lncRNA SNHG12 on MSCs in injured brain tissue has rarely been reported. We studied the effect and mechanism of lncRNA SNHG12-modified mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in treating brain injuries caused by ischemia/reperfusion (I/R). I/R treated rat brain microvascular endothelial cells (BMECs) were co-cultured with MSCs or I/R pretreated MSCs. Next, BMEC proliferation was detected by using CCK-8 and EdU assays, and cell apoptosis was determined by using flow cytometry and the Hoechst staining method. Autophagy of BMECs was determined using immunofluorescence and expression of associated pathway proteins were measured by western blotting. Moreover, BMEC proliferation, apoptosis, and autophagy were also determined after the BMECs had been co-cultured with shSNHG12-MSCs. In addition, a rat model of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) was used to further confirm the findings obtained with cells. I/R treatment significantly decreased the proliferation of BMECs, but increased their levels of SNHG12 expression, apoptosis, and autophagy. However, co-culturing of BMECs with MSCs markedly alleviated the reduction in BMEC proliferation and the increases in BMEC apoptosis and autophagy, as well as the phosphorylation of PI3K, AKT, and mTOR proteins in BMECs that had been induced by I/R. Furthermore, shSNHG12 remarkably enhanced the effects of MSCs. In addition, an injection MSCs reduced the infarct areas and rates of cell apoptosis in MACO rats, and reduced the phosphorylation of PI3K, AKT, and mTOR proteins. Moreover, shSNHG12 enhanced the ameliorative effect of MSCs in treating brain injuries in the MACO rats. In conclusion, silencing of SNHG12 enhanced the effects of MSCs in reducing apoptosis and autophagy of BMECs by activating the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanzhi Li
- The National Key Clinical Specialty, The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, Department of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hengyang Hospital, Southern Medical University (Hengyang Central Hospital), Hengyang, China
| | - Shenquan Guo
- The National Key Clinical Specialty, The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, Department of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenchao Liu
- The National Key Clinical Specialty, The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, Department of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tao Jin
- The National Key Clinical Specialty, The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, Department of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xifeng Li
- The National Key Clinical Specialty, The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, Department of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xuying He
- The National Key Clinical Specialty, The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, Department of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- The National Key Clinical Specialty, The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, Department of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hengxian Su
- The National Key Clinical Specialty, The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, Department of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Nan Zhang
- The National Key Clinical Specialty, The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, Department of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chuanzhi Duan
- The National Key Clinical Specialty, The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, Department of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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12
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Parrella E, Porrini V, Benarese M, Pizzi M. The Role of Mast Cells in Stroke. Cells 2019; 8:cells8050437. [PMID: 31083342 PMCID: PMC6562540 DOI: 10.3390/cells8050437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Revised: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mast cells (MCs) are densely granulated perivascular resident cells of hematopoietic origin. Through the release of preformed mediators stored in their granules and newly synthesized molecules, they are able to initiate, modulate, and prolong the immune response upon activation. Their presence in the central nervous system (CNS) has been documented for more than a century. Over the years, MCs have been associated with various neuroinflammatory conditions of CNS, including stroke. They can exacerbate CNS damage in models of ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke by amplifying the inflammatory responses and promoting brain–blood barrier disruption, brain edema, extravasation, and hemorrhage. Here, we review the role of these peculiar cells in the pathophysiology of stroke, in both immature and adult brain. Further, we discuss the role of MCs as potential targets for the treatment of stroke and the compounds potentially active as MCs modulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edoardo Parrella
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Viale Europa 11, 25123 Brescia, Italy.
| | - Vanessa Porrini
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Viale Europa 11, 25123 Brescia, Italy.
| | - Marina Benarese
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Viale Europa 11, 25123 Brescia, Italy.
| | - Marina Pizzi
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Viale Europa 11, 25123 Brescia, Italy.
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13
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Moos WH, Faller DV, Glavas IP, Harpp DN, Irwin MH, Kanara I, Pinkert CA, Powers WR, Steliou K, Vavvas DG, Kodukula K. Epigenetic Treatment of Neurodegenerative Ophthalmic Disorders: An Eye Toward the Future. Biores Open Access 2017; 6:169-181. [PMID: 29291141 PMCID: PMC5747116 DOI: 10.1089/biores.2017.0036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Eye disease is one of the primary medical conditions that requires attention and therapeutic intervention in ageing populations worldwide. Further, the global burden of diabetes and obesity, along with heart disease, all lead to secondary manifestations of ophthalmic distress. Therefore, there is increased interest in developing innovative new approaches that target various mechanisms and sequelae driving conditions that result in adverse vision. The research challenge is even greater given that the terrain of eye diseases is difficult to landscape into a single therapeutic theme. This report addresses the burden of eye disease due to mitochondrial dysfunction, including antioxidant, autophagic, epigenetic, mitophagic, and other cellular processes that modulate the biomedical end result. In this light, we single out lipoic acid as a potent known natural activator of these pathways, along with alternative and potentially more effective conjugates, which together harness the necessary potency, specificity, and biodistribution parameters required for improved therapeutic outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walter H. Moos
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
- ShangPharma Innovation, Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | - Douglas V. Faller
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
- Cancer Research Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Ioannis P. Glavas
- Department of Ophthalmology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - David N. Harpp
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Michael H. Irwin
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama
| | | | - Carl A. Pinkert
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama
| | - Whitney R. Powers
- Department of Health Sciences, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Anatomy, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Kosta Steliou
- Cancer Research Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
- PhenoMatriX, Inc., Natick, Massachusetts
| | - Demetrios G. Vavvas
- Retina Service, Angiogenesis Laboratory, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Krishna Kodukula
- ShangPharma Innovation, Inc., South San Francisco, California
- PhenoMatriX, Inc., Natick, Massachusetts
- Bridgewater College, Bridgewater, Virginia
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14
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Saleh TM, Saleh MC, Connell BJ, Song YH. A co-drug conjugate of naringenin and lipoic acid mediates neuroprotection in a rat model of oxidative stress. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.12799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tarek M Saleh
- Department of Biomedical Science; Ontario Veterinary College; University of Guelph; Guelph Ontario Canada
- Department of Biomedical Science; Atlantic Veterinary College; University of Prince Edward Island; Charlottetown Prince Edward Island Canada
| | - Monique C Saleh
- Department of Biomedical Science; Ontario Veterinary College; University of Guelph; Guelph Ontario Canada
| | - Barry J Connell
- Department of Biomedical Science; Atlantic Veterinary College; University of Prince Edward Island; Charlottetown Prince Edward Island Canada
| | - Yang-Heon Song
- Department of Biomedicinal Chemistry; Mokwon University; Daejeon Korea
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