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Yin H, Cheng Q, Bardelang D, Wang R. Challenges and Opportunities of Functionalized Cucurbiturils for Biomedical Applications. JACS AU 2023; 3:2356-2377. [PMID: 37772183 PMCID: PMC10523374 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.3c00273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023]
Abstract
Cucurbit[n]uril (CB[n]) macrocycles (especially CB[5] to CB[8]) have shown exceptional attributes since their discovery in 2000. Their stability, water solubility, responsiveness to several stimuli, and remarkable binding properties have enabled a growing number of biological applications. Yet, soon after their discovery, the challenge of their functionalization was set. Nevertheless, after more than two decades, a myriad of CB[n] derivatives has been described, many of them used in cells or in vivo for advanced applications. This perspective summarizes key advances of this burgeoning field and points to the next opportunities and remaining challenges to fully express the potential of these fascinating macrocycles in biology and biomedical sciences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Yin
- State
Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute
of Chinese Medical Sciences, University
of Macau, Taipa, Macau 999078, China
| | - Qian Cheng
- State
Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute
of Chinese Medical Sciences, University
of Macau, Taipa, Macau 999078, China
| | | | - Ruibing Wang
- State
Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute
of Chinese Medical Sciences, University
of Macau, Taipa, Macau 999078, China
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2
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Feng H, Luo Y, Liu M, Chen Q, Tao Z, Xiao X. A facile cucurbit[8]uril-based porous assembly: utilization in the adsorption of drugs and their controlled release. NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj04749c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Cucurbit[n]urils (Q[n]s) are essential members of the supramolecular organic framework family owing to their distinct structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaming Feng
- Key Laboratory of Macrocyclic and Supramolecular Chemistry of Guizhou Province, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Yang Luo
- Key Laboratory of Macrocyclic and Supramolecular Chemistry of Guizhou Province, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Ming Liu
- Key Laboratory of Macrocyclic and Supramolecular Chemistry of Guizhou Province, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Qing Chen
- Key Laboratory of Macrocyclic and Supramolecular Chemistry of Guizhou Province, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Zhu Tao
- Key Laboratory of Macrocyclic and Supramolecular Chemistry of Guizhou Province, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Xin Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Macrocyclic and Supramolecular Chemistry of Guizhou Province, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
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3
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Cheng G, Luo J, Liu Y, Chen X, Wu Z, Chen T. Cucurbituril-Oriented Nanoplatforms in Biomedical Applications. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2020; 3:8211-8240. [PMID: 35019600 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.0c01061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Cucucrbituril (CB) belongs to a family of macrocycles that are easily accessible. Their structural specificity provides excellent molecular recognition capabilities, with the ability to be readily chemically modified. Because of these properties, researchers have found CB to be a useful molecular carrier for delivering drug molecules and therapeutic biomolecules. Their significance lies in the fact that CB not only increases the solubility and stability of an encapsulated guest but also provides the possibility to achieve targeted delivery of the guest molecule. Therefore, the emergence of CB undoubtedly provides opportunities for the development of targeted drug delivery in an era where intelligent drugs have attracted considerable attention. It has also been found that CB can enhance fluorescent dyes, allowing the preparation of biosensors with enhanced sensitivity for use in clinical settings. In the present review, the acquisition, properties, and structural modifications of CB are first comprehensively described, and then the value of this macrocycle in applications within the medical field is discussed. In addition, we have also summarized patent applications of CB in this field over recent years, aiming to illustrate the current status of developments of this molecule. Finally, we discuss the challenges faced by CB in the medical field and future trends in its development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guowang Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China
| | - Jingshan Luo
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China
| | - Yao Liu
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China
| | - Xiaojia Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau 999078, China
| | - Zhenfeng Wu
- Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China
| | - Tongkai Chen
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China
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4
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Lin RL, Liu JX, Chen K, Redshaw C. Supramolecular chemistry of substituted cucurbit[ n]urils. Inorg Chem Front 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0qi00529k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
This review covers important advances in the field of substituted cucurbit[n]urils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui-Lian Lin
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Anhui University of Technology
- Maanshan 243002
- P. R. China
| | - Jing-Xin Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Anhui University of Technology
- Maanshan 243002
- P. R. China
| | - Kai Chen
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering
- Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology
- Nanjing 210044
| | - Carl Redshaw
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry
- University of Hull
- Hull HU6 7RX
- UK
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Umamaheswari S, Renuka SS, Ramesh M, Poopal RK. Chronic amoxicillin exposure affects Labeo rohita: assessment of hematological, ionic compounds, biochemical, and enzymological activities. Heliyon 2019; 5:e01434. [PMID: 31008385 PMCID: PMC6458497 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e01434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Revised: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Labeo rohita were exposed to amoxicillin at a concentration of 1 mg/L (Treatment -I) and 0.5 mg/L (Treatment-II) for a period of 35 days. Numerous alterations were found in amoxicillin treatment groups when compared to the control group. Hemoglobin (Hb), hematocrit (Hct), and erythrocytes (RBCs) levels were significantly (P < 0.05) decreased. Leukocytes (WBC), mean cell volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) levels were significantly (P < 0.05) increased. In the plasma and gill tissues, ionic compounds (sodium, potassium, and chloride) levels were significantly declined throughout the treatment period. The plasma biochemical profiles were significantly altered: glucose level remained low (except at the end of 7th day in Treatment -I) till 35 days of the treatment period. Biphasic trend occurred in the protein level, significant increase was observed on 7th and 28th day (Treatment -I and -II), and 35th day (Treatment -I), and in remaining days its level was found to be decreased. Glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (GOT) activity in the plasma was inhibited significantly, whereas in the gill, liver, and kidney tissues the enzyme activity was elevated. Plasma glutamate pyruvate transaminase (GPT) activity was inhibited throughout the study period. GPT activity in the gill was found to be elevated during the treatment period. Liver GPT activity was elevated in all the treatments except 28th (Treatment-I) and 35th day (Treatment-I, and II). GPT activity in the kidney was elevated (except 14th day in Treatment-II). Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity was inhibited in plasma (except 14th day in Treatment-II), gill, liver (except 7th day in Treatment-I), and kidney tissues significantly (P < 0.05). The present study emphasizes that amoxicillin at 1 and 0.5 mg/L concentrations affects the hematological/biochemical/electrolytes/enzymological parameters of fish and these biomarkers serve as an effective test system for environmental risk assessment of pharmaceuticals in the aquatic environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sathisaran Umamaheswari
- Unit of Toxicology, Department of Zoology, School of Life Sciences, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore 641 046, TamilNadu, India
| | - Siva Shankar Renuka
- Unit of Toxicology, Department of Zoology, School of Life Sciences, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore 641 046, TamilNadu, India
| | - Mathan Ramesh
- Unit of Toxicology, Department of Zoology, School of Life Sciences, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore 641 046, TamilNadu, India
| | - Rama-Krishnan Poopal
- Institute of Environment and Ecology, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, PR China
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The Toxicity and Metabolism Properties of Herba Epimedii Flavonoids on Laval and Adult Zebrafish. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2019; 2019:3745051. [PMID: 30941194 PMCID: PMC6421038 DOI: 10.1155/2019/3745051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Zebrafish is being increasingly used for metabolism and toxicity assessment. The drugs consumed in zebrafish metabolism studies are far less than those used in rat studies. In our study, zebrafish embryos were exposed to icariin, Baohuoside I (BI), Epimedin A (EA), Epimedin B (EB), Epimedin C (EC), Sagittatoside A (SA), Sagittatoside B (SB), and 2′′-O-rhamnosylicariside II (SC), respectively, to examine the toxicity and metabolic profiles of these flavonoids. The order of toxicity was SC, SB > EC, SA > BI, icariin, EA, EB. After 24 h exposure to SB and SC, the mortality of zebrafish larvae reached 100% and yolk sac swollen was obvious. Both SC and SB caused severe hepatocellular vacuolization and liver cells degeneration in adult zebrafish after 15 consecutive days' treatment. The metabolic profiles of these flavonoids with trace amount were also monitored in larvae. BI was the common metabolite shared by icariin, EA, EB, SA, and SB, via deglycosylation. Both BI and SC remained as the prototype in the medium, suggesting that it is hard for BI and SC to cleave the rhamnose residue. EC was metabolized into SC and BI in zebrafish, inferring that SC might be responsible for the toxicity observed in EC group. The metabolites of icariin, EA, EB, EC, and BI in zebrafish larvae coincided with results from rats and intestinal flora. These data support the use of this system as a surrogate in predicting metabolites and hepatotoxicity risk, especially for TCM compound with trace amount.
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Xiao Z, Zhou Y, Xu W, Prior TJ, Bian B, Redshaw C, Tao Z, Xiao X. Study of the host–guest interaction between N,N′-bis[4-(dimethylaminophenyl)methyl]butane-1,4-diamine and the cucuribit[n]urils (n = 6, 7). NEW J CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9nj03254a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Interaction of the cucuribit[n]urils (n = 6 or 7) and the guest N,N′-bis[4-(dimethylaminophenyl)methyl]butane-1,4-diamine (G) has been studied in aqueous solution by 1H NMR and electronic absorption spectroscopy and Isothermal Titration Calorimetry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyou Xiao
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Guizhou Institute of Technology
- Guiyang 550003
- China
| | - Yang Zhou
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Shandong Normal University
- Jinan 250014
- China
| | - Weitao Xu
- Key Laboratory of Macrocyclic and Supramolecular Chemistry of Guizhou Province
- Guizhou University
- Guiyang 550025
- China
| | - Timothy J. Prior
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry
- University of Hull
- Hull HU6 7RX
- UK
| | - Bing Bian
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering
- Shandong University of Science and Technology
- Qingdao 266590
- China
| | - Carl Redshaw
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry
- University of Hull
- Hull HU6 7RX
- UK
| | - Zhu Tao
- Key Laboratory of Macrocyclic and Supramolecular Chemistry of Guizhou Province
- Guizhou University
- Guiyang 550025
- China
| | - Xin Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Macrocyclic and Supramolecular Chemistry of Guizhou Province
- Guizhou University
- Guiyang 550025
- China
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8
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Applications of Cucurbit[n]urils (n=7 or 8) in Pharmaceutical Sciences and Complexation of Biomolecules. Isr J Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ijch.201700092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Xiao J, Georgiev MI. Second international symposium on phytochemicals in medicine and food (2-ISPMF). Food Chem Toxicol 2017; 108:353-354. [PMID: 28347759 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2017.03.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jianbo Xiao
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China; Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau, China.
| | - Milen I Georgiev
- Group of Plant Cell Biotechnology and Metabolomics, The Stephan Angeloff Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 139 Ruski Blvd., 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria.
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